CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>显式拥塞通知 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"d5a8c2ee-e589-4dda-b75d-d4d98ea2b373","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"显式拥塞通知","wgTitle":"显式拥塞通知","wgCurRevisionId":83415940,"wgRevisionId":83415940,"wgArticleId":5535454,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["需要校對的翻譯頁面","所有需要專家關注的頁面","其他需要專家關注的頁面","含有英語的條目","有未列明来源语句的条目","使用RFC魔术链接的页面","传输层协议","数据流控制","网络性能"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"显式拥塞通知","wgRelevantArticleId":5535454,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1760683","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly", "ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="显式拥塞通知 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-显式拥塞通知 rootpage-显式拥塞通知 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-操作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#操作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>操作</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-操作-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关操作子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-操作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-IP_中的_ECN_操作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IP_中的_ECN_操作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>IP 中的 ECN 操作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IP_中的_ECN_操作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-TCP中的ECN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#TCP中的ECN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>TCP中的ECN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-TCP中的ECN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-ECN与TCP控制包" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ECN与TCP控制包"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>ECN与TCP控制包</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ECN与TCP控制包-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对性能的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对性能的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>对性能的影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对性能的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-实现" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#实现"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>实现</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-实现-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关实现子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-实现-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主机支持的TCP中的ECN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主机支持的TCP中的ECN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>主机支持的TCP中的ECN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主机支持的TCP中的ECN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Microsoft_Windows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_Windows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Microsoft Windows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_Windows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-类Unix" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#类Unix"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>类Unix</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-类Unix-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-BSD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BSD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.1</span> <span>BSD</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BSD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.2</span> <span>Linux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mac_OS_X" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mac_OS_X"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.3</span> <span>Mac OS X</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mac_OS_X-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-iOS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#iOS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.4</span> <span>iOS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-iOS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Solaris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Solaris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2.5</span> <span>Solaris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Solaris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-路由器支持的IP中的ECN" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#路由器支持的IP中的ECN"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>路由器支持的IP中的ECN</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-路由器支持的IP中的ECN-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-数据中心TCP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#数据中心TCP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>数据中心TCP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-数据中心TCP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">显式拥塞通知</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。12种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="בקרת גודש מפורשת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בקרת גודש מפורשת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%85%EC%8B%9C%EC%A0%81_%ED%98%BC%EC%9E%A1_%EC%95%8C%EB%A6%BC" title="명시적 혼잡 알림 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="명시적 혼잡 알림" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explicit_Congestion_Notification" title="Explicit Congestion Notification – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Explicit Congestion Notification" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1760683#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&oldid=83415940" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&id=83415940&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2598%25BE%25E5%25BC%258F%25E6%258B%25A5%25E5%25A1%259E%25E9%2580%259A%25E7%259F%25A5"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%2598%25BE%25E5%25BC%258F%25E6%258B%25A5%25E5%25A1%259E%25E9%2580%259A%25E7%259F%25A5"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1760683" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-f3e2a619" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-f3e2a619" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Proofreader_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/48px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/72px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/96px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a></b>自其他語言維基百科，<b>需要相關領域的編者協助校對翻譯</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>如果您精通本領域，又能清楚地將來源語言翻譯為中文，歡迎您協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit">校訂翻譯</a>。原文参见<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760683#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Q1760683">维基数据</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5" title="Talk:显式拥塞通知">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/TCP/IP%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%97%8F" title="TCP/IP协议族">網際網路协议套組</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82" title="应用层">應用層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%95%8C%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="边界网关协议">BGP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E4%B8%BB%E6%9C%BA%E8%AE%BE%E7%BD%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="动态主机设置协议">DHCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="域名系统">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="文件传输协议">FTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输协议">HTTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="超文本传输安全协议">HTTPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网信息访问协议">IMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%9E%8B%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="轻型目录访问协议">LDAP</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="媒體閘道控制協定" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AA%92%E9%AB%94%E9%96%98%E9%81%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="媒體閘道控制協定（页面不存在）">MGCP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Gateway_Control_Protocol" class="extiw" title="en:Media Gateway Control Protocol"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media Gateway Control Protocol</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路新聞傳輸協定">NNTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="網路時間協定">NTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E5%B1%80%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="郵局協定">POP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E9%81%8B%E7%AE%97%E9%81%A0%E7%AB%AF%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E5%91%BC%E5%8F%AB" title="開放網路運算遠端程序呼叫">ONC/RPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E6%97%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="实时传输协议">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82%E4%B8%B2%E6%B5%81%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="即時串流協定">RTSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E8%A9%B1%E5%95%9F%E5%8B%95%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="對話啟動協定">SIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E9%82%AE%E4%BB%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单邮件传输协议">SMTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="简单网络管理协议">SNMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8%E5%B1%A4%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A" title="傳輸層安全性協定">TLS／SSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secure_Shell" title="Secure Shell">SSH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:应用层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82" title="传输层">傳輸層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">TCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="用户数据报协议">UDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="数据拥塞控制协议">DCCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="流控制传输协议">SCTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E9%A2%84%E7%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="资源预留协议">RSVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:传输层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="網絡層">網路層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">IP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv6" title="IPv6">IPv6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="互联网控制消息协议">ICMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%89%88" title="互联网控制消息协议第六版">ICMPv6</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ECN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%84%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="因特网组管理协议">IGMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%9C%80%E7%9F%AD%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BC%98%E5%85%88" title="开放式最短路径优先">OSPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPsec" title="IPsec">IPsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="路由信息协议">RIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:网络层协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%B1%A4" title="連結層">連結層</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9D%80%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="地址解析协议">ARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BB%E5%B1%85%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%B0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="邻居发现协议">NDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="隧道协议">Tunnels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%B1%82%E9%9A%A7%E9%81%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="第二层隧道协议">L2TP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%B9%E7%82%B9%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="点对点协议">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E8%B4%A8%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="介质访问控制">MAC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" title="以太网">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BA%BF%E8%B7%AF" title="数字用户线路">DSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BC%E5%90%88%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%BD%91" title="综合业务数字网">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E7%BA%A4%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="光纤分布式数据接口">FDDI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%93%BE%E8%B7%AF%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:链路协议"><i>更多...</i></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Template:网络协议"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Template talk:网络协议"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:网络协议"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>显式拥塞通知</b>（英語：<span lang="en"><b>Explicit Congestion Notification</b></span>，简称<b>ECN</b>）是一个对<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%91%E9%99%85%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="网际协议">网际协议</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">传输控制协议</a>（TCP）的扩展，定义于<a href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3168" class="extiw" title="rfc:3168">RFC 3168</a>（2001）。ECN允许<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="拥塞控制">拥塞控制</a>的端对端通知而避免<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A2%E5%8C%85" title="丢包">丢包</a>。ECN为一项可选功能，如果底层网络设施支持，则可能被启用ECN的两个端点使用。 </p><p>通常来说，TCP/IP网络通过丢弃数据包来表明信道阻塞。在ECN成功协商的情况下，ECN感知路由器可以在IP头中设置一个标记来代替丢弃数据包，以标明阻塞即将发生。数据包的接收端回应发送端的表示，降低其传输速率，就如同在往常中检测到包丢失那样。 </p><p>相较于正确响应或者忽略位标记，一些过时或有故障的网络设备会丢弃或篡改数据包的ECN位。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>截至2015年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>，测量显示，公共互联网上会因ECN设置阻断网络连接的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E4%BC%BA%E6%9C%8D%E5%99%A8" title="網頁伺服器">網頁伺服器</a>减少到不足1%。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2015年5月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果公司</a>宣布将在受支持的及未来的产品中默认启用ECN，以推进ECN信令在全行业的应用。<sup id="cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-wwdc-719-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="操作"><span id=".E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C"></span>操作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：操作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于下列原因，ECN需要互联网层和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82" title="传输层">传输层</a>提供特定支持： </p> <ul><li>在TCP/IP中，路由器在互联网层操作，而传输速率由传输层处的端点处理。</li> <li>拥塞可能仅由发送端处理，但由于它是在数据包发送后发生，所以接收端必须向发送端回传拥塞指示。</li></ul> <p>在无ECN时，拥塞指示回传是通过检测分组丢失来间接实现。在有ECN时，拥塞通过设置IP分组内的ECN字段为CE并由接收端通过在传输协议的报头中设置适当的位来回传给发送端。例如，当使用TCP时，拥塞指示通过设置ECE位来回传。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IP_中的_ECN_操作"><span id="IP_.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84_ECN_.E6.93.8D.E4.BD.9C"></span>IP 中的 ECN 操作</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：IP 中的 ECN 操作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ECN 使用 IPv4 首部或 IPv6 首部中 ToS (Type of Service，位于首部第 9 到 16 比特位) 字段的两个<a href="/wiki/Least_significant_bit" class="mw-redirect" title="Least significant bit">最低有效位</a>（最右侧的位编码）来表示四个状态码： </p> <ul><li><code>00</code> – 不支持 ECN 的传输，非 ECT(Non ECN-Capable Transport)</li> <li><code>10</code> – 支持 ECN 的传输，ECT(0)</li> <li><code>01</code> – 支持 ECN 的传输，ECT(1)</li> <li><code>11</code> – 发生拥塞，CE(Congestion Experienced)。</li></ul> <p>当两端支持 ECN 时，它将数据包标为 ECT(0) 或 ECT(1)。如果分组穿过一个遇到阻塞并且相应<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%94%B1%E5%99%A8" title="路由器">路由器</a>支持 ECN 的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="活动队列管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="active queue management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="活动队列管理（页面不存在）">活动队列管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/active_queue_management" class="extiw" title="en:active queue management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">active queue management</span></a></span>）</span></span>（AQM）队列（例如一个使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="随机早期检测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="random early detection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机早期检测（页面不存在）">随机早期检测</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/random_early_detection" class="extiw" title="en:random early detection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">random early detection</span></a></span>）</span></span>，即 RED 的队列），它可以将代码点更改为<code>CE</code>而非<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A2%E5%8C%85" title="丢包">丢包</a>。这种行为就是“标记”，其目的是通知接收端即将发生<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="拥塞控制">拥塞</a>。在接收端，该拥塞指示由上层协议（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82" title="传输层">传输层</a>协议）处理，并且需要将信号回传给发送端，以通知其降低传输速率。 </p><p>因为 CE 指示只能由支持它的上层协议有效处理，ECN 只能配合上层协议使用。例如 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">TCP</a> 协议，它支持阻塞控制并且有方法将 CE 指示回传给发送端。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="TCP中的ECN"><span id="TCP.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84ECN"></span>TCP中的ECN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：TCP中的ECN"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>TCP支持使用TCP头中的三个标记（flag）来支持ECN。第一个标记是随机和（Nonce Sum，简称NS），用于防止TCP发送者的数据包标记被意外或恶意改动。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>另两位用于回传拥塞指示（即指示发送者应减少信息发送量）和确认接收到了拥塞指示回应。这即是ECN-Echo（ECE）和Congestion Window Reduced（CWR）位。 </p><p>在TCP连接上使用ECN是可选的；当ECN被使用时，它必须在连接建立时通过SYN和SYN-ACK段中包含适当选项来协商。 </p><p>当在一个TCP连接上协商ECN后，发送方指示连接上的TCP段携带IP分组传输流量，将支持ECN的传输用ECT码点标记。这使支持ECN的中间路由器可以标记具有CE码点的IP分组而不是丢弃它们，以指示即将发生的阻塞。 </p><p>当接收到具有<b>遇到阻塞</b>码点时，TCP接收者使用TCP头中的ECE标记回传这个阻塞指示。当一个端点收到TCP带有ECE位的段时，它减少其拥塞窗口来代替丢包。然后，它设置段的CWR位来确认阻塞指示。 </p><p>节点保持传输设置有ECE位的TCP段，直到它接收到设置有CWR的段。 </p><p>要使用<a href="/wiki/Tcpdump" title="Tcpdump">tcpdump</a>查看受影响的数据包，使用过滤方法 <code>(tcp[13] & 0xc0 != 0)</code>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="ECN与TCP控制包"><span id="ECN.E4.B8.8ETCP.E6.8E.A7.E5.88.B6.E5.8C.85"></span>ECN与TCP控制包</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：ECN与TCP控制包"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">传输控制协议</a>（TCP）不对控制分组（纯ACKs、SYN、FIN段）进行拥塞控制，控制分组通常不被标记为可进行ECN。 </p><p>一份2009年的提议<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>建议将SYN-ACK标记为支持ECN。这种改进被称为ECN+，已经显示出对短寿命TCP连接的性能提供了显著改善<sup id="cite_ref-kuzmanovic_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuzmanovic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>ECN也在其他执行拥塞控制的传输层协议中被定义，尤其是<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="数据拥塞控制协议">数据拥塞控制协议</a>（DCCP）和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="流控制传输协议">流控制传输协议</a>（SCTP）。其一般原理类似于TCP，尽管编码细节有所不同。 </p><p>在原则上可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%8A%A5%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="用户数据报协议">用户数据报协议</a>（UDP）之上的协议层实行ECN。但是，UDP需要应用程序实行拥塞控制，并且当前的网络API未提供访问ECN位的方法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对性能的影响"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E6.80.A7.E8.83.BD.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>对性能的影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：对性能的影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于ECN仅在配合活动队列管理（AQM）策略时有效，因此ECN的益处依赖于所用的AQM的精确度。 </p><p>如预期那样，ECN减少TCP连接中被丢弃的数据包数量，以避免重传、减少等待时间，尤其是网络抖动。当TCP连接有单个未完成段时，这种效果最为明显<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，它可以避免<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">传输控制协议</a>（RTO）超时；这通常发生在交互式连接时，例如远程登录，以及事务协议，例如HTTP请求、SMTP的会话阶段、SQL请求。 </p><p>ECN对批量吞吐的效果不太明确<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，因为现代的TCP实现在发送方的窗口足够大时对于及时处理段丢失相当友好。 </p><p>ECN的使用已被发现在高度拥塞的网络上是有害的，AQM算法使数据包不会被丢弃。<sup id="cite_ref-kuzmanovic_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuzmanovic-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>现代的AQM实现在极高负载下会丢包而非标记包来避免这个陷阱。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="实现"><span id=".E5.AE.9E.E7.8E.B0"></span>实现</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：实现"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>许多现代产品中的TCP/IP协议已部分支持ECN；但是，大多数产品默认禁用ECN。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主机支持的TCP中的ECN"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E6.9C.BA.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81.E7.9A.84TCP.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84ECN"></span>主机支持的TCP中的ECN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：主机支持的TCP中的ECN"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Microsoft_Windows">Microsoft Windows</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：Microsoft Windows"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Windows自Windows Server 2008和Windows Vista开始支持TCP中的ECN。<sup id="cite_ref-win_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-win-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="数据中心传输控制协议">数据中心传输控制协议</a>（DCTCP）被使用，从Windows Server 2012开始在Windows Server版本中默认启用。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在更早的Windows版本以及非Server版本中，它被默认禁用。 </p><p>ECN支持可以用命令启用，例如<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79829556">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">netsh interface tcp set global ecncapability=enabled</span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="类Unix"><span id=".E7.B1.BBUnix"></span>类Unix</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：类Unix"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="BSD">BSD</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：BSD"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 8.0和<a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a> 4.0为TCP实现了ECN支持，可以通过sysctl接口将<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">net.inet.tcp.ecn.enable</span>参数设为1来激活。与此相同，<a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>中可以设置<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">sysctl net.inet.tcp.ecn</span>。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Linux">Linux</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：Linux"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>从发布于2002年11月的<a href="/wiki/Linux%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8" title="Linux内核">Linux内核</a>2.4.20版本开始<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，Linux支持TCP中的ECN的三种工作模式，以及通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sysctl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sysctl（页面不存在）">sysctl</a>接口设置<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_ecn</span>参数为下列值：<sup id="cite_ref-linux_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-linux-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">0</span> –  禁用ECN，不发起也不接受</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">1</span> –  启用ECN，当传入连接请求时，并也在传出连接时尝试请求ECN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">2</span> – （默认）传入连接请求时启用ECN，但不在传出连接上请求ECN</li></ul> <p>从2015年6月发布的Linux内核4.1开始，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">tcp_ecn_fallback</span>机制按RFC 3168中的规定<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，在ECN被启用（值为1）时默认启用。该回退机制在传出连接的初始设置时尝试ECN连接，对没有ECN能力的传输实行良好回退，缓解不支持ECN的主机或防火墙问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Mac_OS_X">Mac OS X</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：Mac OS X"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> 10.5和10.6为TCP实现了ECN支持。它采用sysctl的布尔变量<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">net.inet.tcp.ecn_negotiate_in</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">net.inet.tcp.ecn_initiate_out</span>控制。<sup id="cite_ref-mac_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>第一个变量在已经设置ECN标记的传入连接上使用ECN；第二个则尝试在传出连接上启用ECN。两个变量均默认为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">0</span>，但可以设置为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">1</span>以实现相应的行为。 </p><p>2015年6月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果公司</a>宣布将在年内发布的<a href="/wiki/OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">OS X 10.11</a>将默认启用ECN。<sup id="cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-wwdc-719-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="iOS">iOS</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：iOS"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2015年6月，<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="蘋果公司">蘋果公司</a>宣布iOS的下一版本——<a href="/wiki/IOS_9" title="IOS 9">iOS 9</a>，将支持ECN并默认启用。<sup id="cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-wwdc-719-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Solaris">Solaris</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：Solaris"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Solaris" title="Solaris">Solaris</a>内核支持对TCP支持ECN的三种状态：<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">never</span> –  无ECN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">active</span> –  使用ECN</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">passive</span> –  仅在被询问时宣告ECN支持。</li></ul> <p>默认行为是<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">passive</span>。从Solaris 11开始，可以通过<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79829556"><span class="monospaced">ipadm set-prop -p ecn=active tcp</span>激活完整的ECN功能。<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="路由器支持的IP中的ECN"><span id=".E8.B7.AF.E7.94.B1.E5.99.A8.E6.94.AF.E6.8C.81.E7.9A.84IP.E4.B8.AD.E7.9A.84ECN"></span>路由器支持的IP中的ECN</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：路由器支持的IP中的ECN"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于在路由器中标记ECN依赖于某些形式的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="活动队列管理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="active queue management"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="活动队列管理（页面不存在）">活动队列管理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/active_queue_management" class="extiw" title="en:active queue management"><span lang="en" dir="auto">active queue management</span></a></span>）</span></span>，路由器必须配置合适的队列规则才能实行ECN标记。 </p><p>Cisco IOS路由器从12.2(8)T版本开始，如果已配置<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加权随机早期检测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Weighted random early detection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E6%9D%83%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加权随机早期检测（页面不存在）">WRED</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weighted_random_early_detection" class="extiw" title="en:Weighted random early detection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Weighted random early detection</span></a></span>）</span></span>排队规则，则实行ECN标记。 </p><p>Linux路由器实行ECN标记，如果<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="随机早期检测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Random Early Detection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机早期检测（页面不存在）">RED</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_Early_Detection" class="extiw" title="en:Random Early Detection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Random Early Detection</span></a></span>）</span></span>或GRED队列显式配置了<i>ecn</i>参数，通过使用<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="sfb" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Stochastic Fair Blue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfb（页面不存在）">sfb</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_Fair_Blue" class="extiw" title="en:Stochastic Fair Blue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Stochastic Fair Blue</span></a></span>）</span></span>规则，或使用<a href="/wiki/CoDel" title="CoDel">CoDel</a>公平排队（fq_codel）规则。 </p><p>现代的BSD实现，例如<a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>、<a href="/wiki/NetBSD" title="NetBSD">NetBSD</a>和<a href="/wiki/OpenBSD" title="OpenBSD">OpenBSD</a>支持ECN标记，在许多<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排队规则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Queuing discipline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E9%98%9F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排队规则（页面不存在）">排队规则</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queuing_discipline" class="extiw" title="en:Queuing discipline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Queuing discipline</span></a></span>）</span></span>的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ALTQ" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ALTQ"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ALTQ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ALTQ（页面不存在）">ALTQ</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALTQ" class="extiw" title="en:ALTQ"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ALTQ</span></a></span>）</span></span>队列实现，尤其是<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="随机早期检测" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Random Early Detection"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="随机早期检测（页面不存在）">RED</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_Early_Detection" class="extiw" title="en:Random Early Detection"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Random Early Detection</span></a></span>）</span></span>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Blue (队列管理算法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Blue (queue management algorithm)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_(%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue (队列管理算法)（页面不存在）">Blue</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_(queue_management_algorithm)" class="extiw" title="en:Blue (queue management algorithm)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Blue (queue management algorithm)</span></a></span>）</span></span>。<a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a> 11在具有ECN标记能力的<a href="/wiki/Ipfirewall" title="Ipfirewall">ipfw</a>/dummynet框架中包括<a href="/wiki/CoDel" title="CoDel">CoDel</a>、PIE、FQ-CoDel和FQ-PIE <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="排队规则" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Queuing discipline"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8E%92%E9%98%9F%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="排队规则（页面不存在）">排队规则</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queuing_discipline" class="extiw" title="en:Queuing discipline"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Queuing discipline</span></a></span>）</span></span>的实现。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="数据中心TCP"><span id=".E6.95.B0.E6.8D.AE.E4.B8.AD.E5.BF.83TCP"></span><span class="anchor" id="DCTCP"></span>数据中心TCP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：数据中心TCP"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>数据中心传输控制协议</b>（也称<b>数据中心TCP</b>或<b>DCTCP</b>）是利用ECN来增强<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="传输控制协议">传输控制协议</a>的拥塞控制算法，其用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="数据中心">数据中心</a>网络。标准的<a href="/wiki/TCP%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="TCP拥塞控制">TCP拥塞控制算法</a>只能检测拥塞的<b>存在</b>，而使用ECN的DCTCP可以测量拥塞的<b>程度</b>。<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DCTCP修改了TCP的接收端以始终中继传入连接的精确ECN标记，代价是忽略一个保持信令可靠性的功能。这使DCTCP的发送端易受到接受ACK丢失的影响，因为它没有检测或应对的机制。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>截至2014年7月<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2014-07</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>，以更可靠的方法提供等效或更好的接收器反馈的算法是一个活跃的研究课题，并有一个被称为“More accurate ECN feedback in TCP”（“TCP中更准确的ECN反馈”）（Accurate ECN，精准ECN）的实验建议<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="拥塞控制">拥塞控制</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%90%91%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反向显式拥塞通知（页面不存在）">反向显式拥塞通知</a>（BECN）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="服务类型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Type of service"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="服务类型（页面不存在）">服务类型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_of_service" class="extiw" title="en:Type of service"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Type of service</span></a></span>）</span></span>（ToS）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Steven Bauer; Robert Beverly; Arthur Berger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.sigcomm.org/imc/2011/docs/p171.pdf">Measuring the State of ECN Readiness in Servers, Clients, and Routers</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Internet Measurement Conference 2011. 2011 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322043254/http://conferences.sigcomm.org/imc/2011/docs/p171.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2014-03-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.au=Arthur+Berger&rft.au=Robert+Beverly&rft.au=Steven+Bauer&rft.btitle=Measuring+the+State+of+ECN+Readiness+in+Servers%2C+Clients%2C+and+Routers&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Internet+Measurement+Conference+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconferences.sigcomm.org%2Fimc%2F2011%2Fdocs%2Fp171.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Alberto Medina; Mark Allman; Sally Floyd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://conferences.sigcomm.org/imc/2004/papers/p336-medina.pdf">Measuring Interactions Between Transport Protocols and Middleboxes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Internet Measurement Conference 2004. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084141/http://conferences.sigcomm.org/imc/2004/papers/p336-medina.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-03-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.au=Alberto+Medina&rft.au=Mark+Allman&rft.au=Sally+Floyd&rft.btitle=Measuring+Interactions+Between+Transport+Protocols+and+Middleboxes&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Internet+Measurement+Conference+2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconferences.sigcomm.org%2Fimc%2F2004%2Fpapers%2Fp336-medina.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icir.org/tbit/ecn-tbit.html">TBIT, the TCP Behavior Inference Tool: ECN</a>. Icir.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130311202346/http://www.icir.org/tbit/ecn-tbit.html">存档</a>于2013-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=TBIT%2C+the+TCP+Behavior+Inference+Tool%3A+ECN&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Icir.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icir.org%2Ftbit%2Fecn-tbit.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Brian Trammell; Mirja Kühlewind; Damiano Boppart; Iain Learmonth; Gorry Fairhurst; Richard Scheffenegger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615083912/http://ecn.ethz.ch/ecn-pam15.pdf">Enabling Internet-Wide Deployment of Explicit Congestion Notification</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference 2015. 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2015]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ecn.ethz.ch/ecn-pam15.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015年6月15日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.au=Brian+Trammell&rft.au=Damiano+Boppart&rft.au=Gorry+Fairhurst&rft.au=Iain+Learmonth&rft.au=Mirja+K%C3%BChlewind&rft.au=Richard+Scheffenegger&rft.btitle=Enabling+Internet-Wide+Deployment+of+Explicit+Congestion+Notification&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Proceedings+of+the+Passive+and+Active+Measurement+Conference+2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fecn.ethz.ch%2Fecn-pam15.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple-wwdc-719-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apple-wwdc-719_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/videos/wwdc/2015/?id=719">Your App and Next Generation Networks</a>. Apple Inc. 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615162041/https://developer.apple.com/videos/wwdc/2015/?id=719">存档</a>于2015-06-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=Your+App+and+Next+Generation+Networks&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Apple+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeveloper.apple.com%2Fvideos%2Fwwdc%2F2015%2F%3Fid%3D719&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3540" class="extiw" title="rfc:3540"><i>RFC 3540 - Robust Explicit Congestion Notification.</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5562" class="extiw" title="rfc:5562"><i>RFC 5562 - Adding Explicit Congestion Notification Capability to TCP's SYN/ACK Packets.</i></a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuzmanovic-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kuzmanovic_8-0"><sup><b>8.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kuzmanovic_8-1"><sup><b>8.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Aleksandar Kuzmanovic. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jamal Hadi Salim and Uvaiz Ahmed. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marek Malowidzki, Simulation-based Study of ECN Performance in RED Networks, In <i>Proc. </i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-win-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-win_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726965.aspx">New Networking Features in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/66wTdbkv2?url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb726965.aspx">存档</a>于2012-04-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=New+Networking+Features+in+Windows+Server+2008+and+Windows+Vista&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fbb726965.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh997028.aspx">Data Center Transmission Control Protocol (DCTCP) (Windows Server 2012)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826132305/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh997028.aspx">存档</a>于2017-08-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=Data+Center+Transmission+Control+Protocol+%28DCTCP%29+%28Windows+Server+2012%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechnet.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fhh997028.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Michael Lucas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PN6Xy9zWAbsC&pg=PA347">Absolute OpenBSD: UNIX for the Practical Paranoid</a>. Books.google.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-22</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.au=Michael+Lucas&rft.btitle=Absolute+OpenBSD%3A+UNIX+for+the+Practical+Paranoid&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Books.google.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPN6Xy9zWAbsC%26pg%3DPA347&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://netbsd.org/releases/formal-4/NetBSD-4.0.html">Announcing NetBSD 4.0</a>. 2007-12-19 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031073922/http://netbsd.org/releases/formal-4/NetBSD-4.0.html">存档</a>于2014-10-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=Announcing+NetBSD+4.0&rft.date=2007-12-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnetbsd.org%2Freleases%2Fformal-4%2FNetBSD-4.0.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatag.web.cern.ch/datatag/papers/tr-datatag-2004-1.pdf">A Map of the Networking Code in Linux Kernel 2.4.20, Technical Report DataTAG-2004-1, FP5/IST DataTAG Project</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. datatag.web.cern.ch. March 2004 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151027124019/http://datatag.web.cern.ch/datatag/papers/tr-datatag-2004-1.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2015-10-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=A+Map+of+the+Networking+Code+in+Linux+Kernel+2.4.20%2C+Technical+Report+DataTAG-2004-1%2C+FP5%2FIST+DataTAG+Project&rft.date=2004-03&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=datatag.web.cern.ch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatatag.web.cern.ch%2Fdatatag%2Fpapers%2Ftr-datatag-2004-1.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-linux-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-linux_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt">Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/* Variables</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kernel.org" title="Kernel.org">kernel.org</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305080444/https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt">存档</a>于2016-03-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=Documentation%2Fnetworking%2Fip-sysctl.txt%3A+%2Fproc%2Fsys%2Fnet%2Fipv4%2F%2A+Variables&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=kernel.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kernel.org%2Fdoc%2FDocumentation%2Fnetworking%2Fip-sysctl.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3168">RFC 3168 - The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP</a>. ietf.org. September 2001 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426235256/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3168">存档</a>于2019-04-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=RFC+3168+-+The+Addition+of+Explicit+Congestion+Notification+%28ECN%29+to+IP&rft.date=2001-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc3168&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/tcp.7.html">Linux man pages</a>. man7.org. 2015-12-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-02-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160216231741/http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/tcp.7.html">存档</a>于2016-02-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=Linux+man+pages&rft.date=2015-12-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=man7.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fman7.org%2Flinux%2Fman-pages%2Fman7%2Ftcp.7.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mac-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mac_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/66wTeI9O4?url=http://www.icir.org/floyd/ecn.html#implementations">ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) in TCP/IP</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-12-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icir.org/floyd/ecn.html#implementations">原始内容</a>存档于2012-04-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=ECN+%28Explicit+Congestion+Notification%29+in+TCP%2FIP&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icir.org%2Ffloyd%2Fecn.html%23implementations&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=300779">Import Dummynet AQM version 0.2.1 (CoDel, FQ-CoDel, PIE and FQ-PIE) to FreeBSD 11</a>. The FreeBSD Project, FreeBSD r300779. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2016]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225072959/https://svnweb.freebsd.org/base?view=revision&revision=300779">存档</a>于2021-02-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=Import+Dummynet+AQM+version+0.2.1+%28CoDel%2C+FQ-CoDel%2C+PIE+and+FQ-PIE%29+to+FreeBSD+11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+FreeBSD+Project%2C+FreeBSD+r300779&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvnweb.freebsd.org%2Fbase%3Fview%3Drevision%26revision%3D300779&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161205041517/http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP.html">Data Center TCP</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-23</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://simula.stanford.edu/~alizade/Site/DCTCP.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-12-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.btitle=Data+Center+TCP&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsimula.stanford.edu%2F~alizade%2FSite%2FDCTCP.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-accecn-reqs-08">Requirements for a More Accurate ECN Feedback</a>. tools.ietf.org. IETF. March 9, 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2015]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151119061959/https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tcpm-accecn-reqs-08">存档</a>于2015-11-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=Requirements+for+a+More+Accurate+ECN+Feedback&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Fdraft-ietf-tcpm-accecn-reqs-08&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7560">RFC 7560: Problem Statement and Requirements for Increased Accuracy in Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Feedback</a>. tools.ietf.org. IETF. August 26, 2015 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2016]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160429225306/https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7560">存档</a>于2016-04-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.atitle=RFC+7560%3A+Problem+Statement+and+Requirements+for+Increased+Accuracy+in+Explicit+Congestion+Notification+%28ECN%29+Feedback&rft.date=2015-08-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tools.ietf.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftools.ietf.org%2Fhtml%2Frfc7560&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icir.org/floyd/ecn.html">ECN web page by Sally Floyd</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120619200913/http://www.icir.org/floyd/ecn.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a class="external mw-magiclink-rfc" rel="nofollow" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4774">RFC 4774</a> (BCP), <i>Specifying Alternate Semantics for the Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) Field</i>, S. Floyd, (November 2006)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=81164413ad096bafe8ad1068f3f095a7dd081d8b">Linux kernel support for defining a per-route/destination congestion control algorithm</a> (merged in Linux kernel 4.0)</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=显式拥塞通知&oldid=83415940">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=显式拥塞通知&oldid=83415940</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BC%A0%E8%BE%93%E5%B1%82%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="Category:传输层协议">传输层协议</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%B5%81%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:数据流控制（页面不存在）">数据流控制</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E6%80%A7%E8%83%BD" title="Category:网络性能">网络性能</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D%E7%9A%84%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:需要校對的翻譯頁面">需要校對的翻譯頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%89%80%E6%9C%89%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:所有需要專家關注的頁面">所有需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%9C%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A0%81%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:其他需要專家關注的頁面">其他需要專家關注的頁面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%AA%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:有未列明来源语句的条目">有未列明来源语句的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8RFC%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用RFC魔术链接的页面">使用RFC魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年7月15日 (星期一) 03:32。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-79d9bc49cc-94pnt","wgBackendResponseTime":266,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.585","walltime":"0.682","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2899,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":266337,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2712,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":46004,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 537.560 1 -total"," 21.24% 114.167 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.99% 102.081 1 Template:Lang-en"," 17.88% 96.130 1 Template:IPstack"," 17.43% 93.719 17 Template:Cite_web"," 14.39% 77.341 1 Template:校对翻译"," 13.41% 72.063 2 Template:Ambox"," 8.44% 45.387 1 Template:NoteTA"," 4.72% 25.395 1 Template:专家"," 3.52% 18.921 1 Template:Category_handler"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.312","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19072266,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d64f599dc-stbt2","timestamp":"20241202134302","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u663e\u5f0f\u62e5\u585e\u901a\u77e5","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%A5%E5%A1%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1760683","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1760683","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-12-17T06:13:32Z","dateModified":"2024-07-15T03:32:07Z"}</script> </body> </html>