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title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"> 登录</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息">了解详情</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y">贡献</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 歷史 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关歷史子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-早期實驗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#早期實驗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 早期實驗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-早期實驗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-燃素說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#燃素說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 燃素說 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-燃素說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-發現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 發現 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-發現-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关發現子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-發現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-拉瓦節的成果" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拉瓦節的成果"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 拉瓦節的成果 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拉瓦節的成果-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-词源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#词源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 词源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-词源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-後期歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#後期歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 後期歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-後期歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 性質 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性質-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关性質子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-同素異形體" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同素異形體"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 同素異形體 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同素異形體-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 物理性質 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素與來源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素與來源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 同位素與來源 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素與來源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-存在形式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#存在形式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 存在形式 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-存在形式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-分析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#分析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 分析 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-分析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物學上的作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物學上的作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 生物學上的作用 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生物學上的作用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关生物學上的作用子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-生物學上的作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-呼吸及光合作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#呼吸及光合作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 呼吸及光合作用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-呼吸及光合作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大氣氧氣的積聚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大氣氧氣的積聚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 大氣氧氣的積聚 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大氣氧氣的積聚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工業生產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工業生產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 工業生產 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工業生產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-儲藏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儲藏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 儲藏 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儲藏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 應用 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-應用-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关應用子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 醫療 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-維生及娛樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#維生及娛樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 維生及娛樂 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-維生及娛樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工業" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工業"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 工業 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工業-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 化合物 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-化合物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关化合物子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-氧化物及其他無機化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#氧化物及其他無機化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 氧化物及其他無機化合物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-氧化物及其他無機化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-有機化合物及生物分子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#有機化合物及生物分子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 有機化合物及生物分子 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-有機化合物及生物分子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-安全" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#安全"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 安全 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-安全-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关安全子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-安全-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-毒性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#毒性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 毒性 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-毒性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-燃燒及其他危害" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#燃燒及其他危害"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 燃燒及其他危害 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-燃燒及其他危害-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 注釋 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 參考資料 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 引用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">氧</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。210种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-210" aria-hidden="true" > 210种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Suurstof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Sauerstoff" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%8C%85%E1%8A%95" title="ኦክሲጅን – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦክሲጅን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxicheno" title="Oxicheno – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Oxicheno" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%C3%B0mlyft" title="Æðmlyft – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Æðmlyft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सीजन – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऑक्सीजन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أكسجين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أكسجين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A4%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ؤكسيجين – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ؤكسيجين" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اوكسيجين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوكسيجين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="অম্লজান – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="অম্লজান" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox%C3%ADxenu" title="Oxíxenu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Oxíxenu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सीजन – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ऑक्सीजन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="اوکسیژن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوکسیژن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksig%C3%A9n" title="Oksigén – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Oksigén" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauastoff" title="Sauastoff – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Sauastoff" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degounis" title="Degounis – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Degounis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksiheno" title="Oksiheno – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Oksiheno" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кісларод – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кісларод" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Тлен – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тлен" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सीजन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ऑक्सीजन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%85%E1%80%B2%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="အောက်သီစဲန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အောက်သီစဲန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8" title="অক্সিজেন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্সিজেন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="གསོ་རླུང་། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསོ་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kisik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B3%D1%88%D1%8D" title="Хүшэлтүрэгшэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүшэлтүрэгшэ" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oxigen" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%8Dng" title="Iōng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Iōng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3" title="Мустлург – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мустлург" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksihena" title="Oksihena – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Oksihena" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%AC%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎤᏬᎳᏕᏍᏗ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎤᏬᎳᏕᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ئۆکسجین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆکسجین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossigenu" title="Ossigenu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ossigenu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kyslík" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B3%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%BC%C4%83%D1%88" title="Йӳçамăш – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Йӳçамăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsigen" title="Ocsigen – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ocsigen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilt" title="Ilt – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ilt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sauerstoff" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksicen" title="Oksicen – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Oksicen" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CF%85%CE%B3%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Οξυγόνο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξυγόνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigeno" title="Oksigeno – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Oksigeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ox%C3%ADgeno" title="Oxígeno – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Oxígeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapnik" title="Hapnik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hapnik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigeno" title="Oxigeno – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oxigeno" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oss%C3%ADgenu" title="Ossígenu – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ossígenu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="اکسیژن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اکسیژن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happi" title="Happi – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Happi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okosijeni" title="Okosijeni – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Okosijeni" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oxygène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCrstoof" title="Sürstoof – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Sürstoof" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossigjen" title="Ossigjen – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ossigjen" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerstof" title="Soerstof – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Soerstof" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsaigin" title="Ocsaigin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ocsaigin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氧" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksij%C3%A8n" title="Oksijèn – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Oksijèn" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogsaidean" title="Ogsaidean – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ogsaidean" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%ADxeno" title="Osíxeno – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Osíxeno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatarapo" title="Tatarapo – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatarapo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सिजन – 孔卡尼文" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="ऑक्सिजन" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="孔卡尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81_(%E0%AA%91%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%A8)" title="પ્રાણવાયુ (ઑક્સીજન) – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રાણવાયુ (ઑક્સીજન)" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsygien" title="Ocsygien – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ocsygien" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%B4ng" title="Yông – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yông" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBOkikene" title="ʻOkikene – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻOkikene" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%9F" title="חמצן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חמצן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सीजन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑक्सीजन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kisik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kislik" title="Kislik – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kislik" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksij%C3%A8n" title="Oksijèn – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Oksijèn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9n" title="Oxigén – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oxigén" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A9%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Թթվածին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թթվածին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Թթուածին – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Թթուածին" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygeno" title="Oxygeno – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Oxygeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksiheno" title="Oksiheno – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oksiheno" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxo" title="Oxo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Oxo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BArefni" title="Súrefni – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Súrefni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ossigeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E7%B4%A0" title="酸素 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="酸素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axijen" title="Axijen – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Axijen" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kijno" title="kijno – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kijno" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksig%C3%A8n" title="Oksigèn – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Oksigèn" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჟანგბადი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟანგბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uksijin" title="Uksijin – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Uksijin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%86k%C9%A9s%C9%A9z%C9%9Bn%C9%A9" title="Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ɔkɩsɩzɛnɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Оттегі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Оттегі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95" title="ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%86%8C" title="산소 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D3%A7%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Шӧмувтыр – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Шӧмувтыр" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%8E%D9%86" title="آکسیجَن – 克什米尔语" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آکسیجَن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="克什米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Sauerstoff" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oks%C3%AEjen" title="Oksîjen – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Oksîjen" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%B6%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Шомвачужысь – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Шомвачужысь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksyjen" title="Oksyjen – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oksyjen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Кычкылтек – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кычкылтек" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenium" title="Oxygenium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Oxygenium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Sauerstoff" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osijen" title="Osijen – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Osijen" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuurstof" title="Zuurstof – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zuurstof" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscigeno" title="Oscigeno – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Oscigeno" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oss%C3%ACgen" title="Ossìgen – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ossìgen" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%ACgeno" title="Osìgeno – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Osìgeno" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksij%C9%9B%CC%81n%C3%AD" title="Oksijɛ́ní – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Oksijɛ́ní" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%99" title="ອົກຊີແຊນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອົກຊີແຊນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deguonis" title="Deguonis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Deguonis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C4%81beklis" title="Skābeklis – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skābeklis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Шапафни – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Шапафни" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ksizenina" title="Ôksizenina – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ôksizenina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Шопештыш – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шопештыш" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81ora" title="Hāora – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hāora" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%BB" title="ഓക്സിജൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓക്സിജൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%B3%D1%87" title="Хүчилтөрөгч – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчилтөрөгч" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9B%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%96%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="ऑक्सिजन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑक्सिजन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Oksigen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossi%C4%A1enu" title="Ossiġenu – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Ossiġenu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အောက်ဆီဂျင် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အောက်ဆီဂျင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Чапамо чачтый – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Чапамо чачтый" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="اوکسیجن – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوکسیجن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehecayoh" title="Ehecayoh – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Ehecayoh" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suerstoff" title="Suerstoff – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Suerstoff" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="प्राणवायु – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्राणवायु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="अक्सिजन – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अक्सिजन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuurstof_(element)" title="Zuurstof (element) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuurstof (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oksygen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oksygen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigene" title="Oxigene – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oxigene" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C5%82ch%CA%BCi_y%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%A1t%CA%BC%C3%A9ehii" title="Níłchʼi yáʼátʼéehii – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Níłchʼi yáʼátʼéehii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxig%C3%A8n" title="Oxigèn – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oxigèn" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happamehsuadu" title="Happamehsuadu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Happamehsuadu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooksijiinii" title="Ooksijiinii – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Ooksijiinii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Туаггуыр – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Туаггуыр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8" title="ਆਕਸੀਜਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਆਕਸੀਜਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oks%C3%ADhenu" title="Oksíhenu – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Oksíhenu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrst%C3%B2f" title="Zürstòf – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Zürstòf" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8" title="अक्सिजन – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="अक्सिजन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlen" title="Tlen – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tlen" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oss%C3%ACgen" title="Ossìgen – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ossìgen" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آکسیجن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" title="اکسيجن – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اکسيجن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oxigénio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muksichaq" title="Muksichaq – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Muksichaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Oxigen" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigen" title="Oxigen – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oxigen" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxigenu" title="Oxigenu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Oxigenu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Оксиген – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Оксиген" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Абалык – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Абалык" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱳᱠᱥᱤᱡᱟᱹᱱ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱳᱠᱥᱤᱡᱟᱹᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oss%C3%ACgenu" title="Ossìgenu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ossìgenu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uss%C3%ACgginu" title="Ussìgginu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ussìgginu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%AA%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آڪسيجن – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آڪسيجن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiseonik" title="Kiseonik – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kiseonik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ඔක්සිජන් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඔක්සිජන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Oxygen" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyslík" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن – 色莱基语" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آکسیجن" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="色莱基语" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisik" title="Kisik – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kisik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happi" title="Happi – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Happi" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogsajiin" title="Ogsajiin – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ogsajiin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksigjeni" title="Oksigjeni – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Oksigjeni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кисеоник – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кисеоник" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suurstof" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksig%C3%A9n" title="Oksigén – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Oksigén" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syre" title="Syre – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Syre" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksijeni" title="Oksijeni – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Oksijeni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="ஒட்சிசன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒட்சிசன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95" title="ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕ – 圖盧文" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಆಮ್ಲಜನಕ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="圖盧文" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆక్సిజన్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆక్సిజన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Оксиген – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Оксиген" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99" title="ออกซิเจน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ออกซิเจน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksihino" title="Oksihino – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oksihino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksijen" title="Oksijen – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oksijen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Кислород – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кислород" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%89%DA%AF%DB%90%D9%86" title="ئوكسىگېن – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوكسىگېن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Кисень – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кисень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AC%D9%86" title="آکسیجن – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آکسیجن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kislorod" title="Kislorod – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kislorod" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os%C3%ACzeno" title="Osìzeno – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Osìzeno" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapanik" title="Hapanik – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hapanik" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxy" title="Oxy – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Oxy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuurstof" title="Zuurstof – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Zuurstof" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loxin" title="Loxin – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Loxin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsidjinne" title="Ocsidjinne – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ocsidjinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksiheno" title="Oksiheno – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Oksiheno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D2%97%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Оксиҗен – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Оксиҗен" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-oxygen" title="I-oxygen – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-oxygen" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჟანგბადი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟანგბადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A3" title="זויערשטאף – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זויערשטאף" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%81ks%C3%ADj%C3%ACn" title="Ọ́ksíjìn – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ́ksíjìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangj" title="Yangj – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Yangj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%99%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8A%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8F" title="ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵓⴽⵙⵉⵊⵉⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氧" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sng-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Sng-sò͘ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sng-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氧" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsOhwe" title="IsOhwe – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsOhwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q629#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B0%A7" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" 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<nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" 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div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">氧 8O</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav span{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav td{border:none;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#ff6666}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_predicted{background-color:#ffa1a1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth .navbox-title{background-color:#ffdead}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth_predicted{background-color:#ffecd3}.mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid_predicted{background-color:#e2e2aa}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic{background-color:#e7ff8f}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_diatomic_predicted{background-color:#F3FFC7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic{background-color:#a1ffc3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">－ ↑ 氧 ↓ <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a> ← 氧 → <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">無色氣體 淡藍色液體 <a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/250px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/375px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/500px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="1068" /></a> 盛於燒杯之中的液氧在室溫下沸騰</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">氧（Oxygen）·O·8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/16%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="16族元素">16</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a>·<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="P区元素">p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[15.99903, 15.99977]<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a>] 2s2 2p4 2, 6 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="氧的电子層（2, 6）"><img alt="氧的电子層（2, 6）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_008_Oxygen_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>氧的电子層（2, 6）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>（1771年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">命名</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="安托万-洛朗·德·拉瓦锡">安托万-洛朗·德·拉瓦锡</a>（1777年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氣體">氣體</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（0 °C, 101.325 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">kPa</a>） 1.429 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8D%87" title="公升">L</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%82%B9" title="沸点">沸点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.141 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">54.36 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，−218.79 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，−361.82 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">90.188 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，−182.962 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，−297.332 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%B8%E7%82%B9" title="三相点">三相点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">54.361 K（−219 °C），0.1463 kPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C%E7%82%B9_(%E7%83%AD%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6)" title="临界点 (热力学)">臨界點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">154.581 K，5.043 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（O2）0.444 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（O2）6.82 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（O2）29.378 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>61 </td> <td>73 </td> <td>90 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A7" title="二氟化氧">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7" title="二氟化二氧">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧化物">−1</a>, −2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3.44（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：1313.9 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a> 第二：3388.3 kJ·mol−1 第三：5300.5 kJ·mol−1 （<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%A8" title="电离能表">更多</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">66±2 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="范德华半径">范德华半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">152 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Oxygen_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>氧的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">立方</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81%E5%8C%96%E7%8E%87" title="磁化率">磁化率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">+3449.0·10−6 cm3/mol（293 K）<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">26.58×10−3  W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">330 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7782-44-7">7782-44-7</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="text-align:center; color:#008000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_oxygen_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox oxygen isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_oxygen_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox oxygen isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_oxygen_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox oxygen isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氧的同位素">氧的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7-15" class="mw-redirect" title="氧-15">15O</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">122.266 <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%92" title="秒">秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">1.732 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE-15" class="mw-redirect" title="氮-15">15N</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7-16" title="氧-16">16O</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">99.757% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>，帶8粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7-17" title="氧-17">17O</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.038% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶9粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7-18" title="氧-18">18O</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.205% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶10粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> 氧（英語：oxygen）是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为O，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为8，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期表">元素週期表</a>中屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">氧族元素</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)#族號" title="族 (化学)">16族</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB#元素週期表" class="mw-redirect" title="门捷列夫">VI族</a>）。作为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="非金屬">非金屬</a>，氧是具有高<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E6%80%A7" title="反應性">反應性</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>，能夠與大部分元素<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E9%94%AE" title="化学键">结合</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a>。氧在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99" title="宇宙">宇宙</a>中的總<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="質量">質量</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素丰度">所有元素中位列第三</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="质量分数">质量分数</a>僅居<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>之下<a href="#cite_note-NBB297-4">[4]</a>；氧也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地球地壳">地殼</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="地球的地殼元素豐度列表">最丰富的元素</a>，地壳中近一半（46.6%）的質量也都是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81" title="氧化铁">氧化铁</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化硅">氧化硅</a>等）所組成<a href="#cite_note-lanl-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>。 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5" title="标准状况">標準溫度和壓力</a>下，氧会自然通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E9%94%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="双键">双对</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E9%94%AE" title="共价键">共价键</a>结合成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">双原子分子</a>，形成無色無味的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E8%B4%A8" title="单质">单质</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体">气体</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="双氧">雙氧</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">，即俗称的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣">氧氣</a>），是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>的主要成分之一，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">气体分压</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%88%86%E6%95%B0" title="摩尔分数">摩尔比例</a>上佔<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94" title="空气">空气</a>的20.8%，仅次于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氮气">氮气</a><a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>。由于氧较强的化学反应性，氧气这种单质状态其实很难长期保持，因此地球大气中远高于其它<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" class="mw-redirect" title="天体">天体</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%B1%82" title="大气层">大气层</a>的含氧量必须<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="氧循環">不断补充</a>才能维持。<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>中的氧气虽然可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="光解">光解</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="水分子">水分子</a>形成，但实际上完全依赖<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="自养生物">自养生物</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%B6%A0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="藍綠菌">蓝绿菌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%BB%BF%E4%BD%93" title="叶绿体">叶绿体</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="藻类">藻类</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物">植物</a>）的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="陽光">陽光</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%83%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="光能">光能</a>把水和二氧化碳轉化為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%A6%BB%E6%80%81" title="游离态">游离态</a>氧氣和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳水化合物">碳水化合物</a>。除氧气外还有另一種氧的单质<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%B0%E6%A7%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="同素異構體">同素異構體</a>——<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="三原子分子">三原子</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d1bf85a3805cbe73eb5ab672f7ffb1a1a3dd657" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}">），能夠較好地吸收中高频<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>輻射，位於平流层底的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a>有助屏蔽日光中的大量紫外線，從而保護<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>不受<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%BE%90%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="电离辐射">电离辐射</a>的伤害，不過在地表上的臭氧则屬於污染物，為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE%E9%9C%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雾霾">霧霾</a>的副產品之一。 氧是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞">細胞</a>进行<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="放能反應">产能</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E8%B0%A2" title="代谢">代谢</a>的重要元素，其中<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="真核细胞">真核细胞</a>更是完全依赖氧气进行<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%83%9E%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="细胞呼吸">细胞呼吸</a>才能存活。生物體的主要<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="有机分子">有機分子</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核酸">核酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳水化合物">碳水化合物</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="脂肪">脂肪</a>等，還有組成動物<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE" title="表皮">表皮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%99%E9%BD%92" title="牙齒">牙齒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="骨骼系统">骨骼</a>中的许多<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="無機化合物">無機化合物</a>，都含有氧原子；生物身体絕大部分的質量也都由含氧原子的水組成。氧气在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="地球历史">地球历史</a>上的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="氧气地质历史">长期浓度变化</a>和对其它气体浓度影响所造成的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氣候變化">气候变化</a>也是推动<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="生物演化">生物演化</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生态系统">生态系统</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%94%E6%9B%BF" title="演替">演替</a>的一个重要因素。 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>於1771至1772年間在<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E6%99%AE%E8%96%A9%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="烏普薩拉">烏普薩拉</a>最早發現氧元素。<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·普利斯特里">約瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>亦於1774年在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E9%83%A1" title="威爾特郡">威爾特郡</a>獨立發現氧，其成果的發表日期較舍勒早，一般譽為氧的發現者。1777年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%89%98%E4%B8%87-%E6%B4%9B%E6%9C%97%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="安托万-洛朗·德·拉瓦锡">安托万-洛朗·德·拉瓦锡</a>一系列有關氧的實驗推翻了當時用於解釋<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="燃燒">燃燒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腐蝕">腐蝕</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="燃素說">燃素說</a>。他也提出了氧的現用<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%B4%94%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%92%8C%E6%87%89%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際純化學和應用化學聯合會">IUPAC</a>名稱「oxygen」，<a href="#cite_note-mellor-8">[8]</a>源自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>中的「ὀξύς」（oxys，尖銳，指<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>）和「-γενής」（-genes，產生者）。這是因為命名時，他以為酸性物質都含有這種元素。在東亞，日本最先開始接觸现代化學，因此將其直譯為酸素，今天依然是氧的<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="日文汉字">日文汉字</a>名稱。在中國則是清末由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%A3%BD" title="徐壽">徐壽</a>等人的翻譯書籍傳入許多化學詞彙，其中原法文元素名「oxygène」譯為「養」<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>，後譯為「氱」<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>，最終演變為今天的中文名「氧」。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="人类">人类</a>对氧的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" title="工业">工业</a>應用包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%96%E9%80%9A%E7%A9%BA%E8%AA%BF" title="暖通空調">暖氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%87%83%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="內燃機">內燃機</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="布料">布料</a>的生產、金屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%84%8A%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%A3%E5%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="氣焊和氣割">氣焊和氣割</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%89%82" title="火箭推进剂">火箭推進劑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%99%82" title="氧療">氧療</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="航空器">航空器</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E8%89%87" title="潛艇">潛艇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%89%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="載人航天">載人航天器</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="潛水">潛水</a>所用的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="生命保障系统">生命保障系統</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="低地球軌道">低地球軌道</a>的單原子氧足以對<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%99%A8" title="航天器">航天器</a>造成<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腐蝕">腐蝕</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="早期實驗">早期實驗</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：早期實驗">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philos_experiment_of_the_burning_candle.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Philos_experiment_of_the_burning_candle.PNG" decoding="async" width="125" height="248" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%9A%86_(%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD)" title="费隆 (拜占庭)">費隆</a>所做的實驗啟發了後世對燃燒與空氣間關係的研究</figcaption></figure> 人類最早研究<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="燃燒">燃燒</a>和空氣之間的關係，可追溯至前2世紀<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>學者<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E9%9A%86_(%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD)" title="费隆 (拜占庭)">拜占庭的費隆</a>所做的實驗。費隆在著作《氣動學》（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="希臘語">希臘語</a>：πνευματικά）中寫道，如果將點燃的蠟燭置於水中，再用瓶子蓋住蠟燭至水面，水面就會在瓶頸內上升。<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>費隆錯誤地推論，有一部分空氣經燃燒轉換成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="古典元素">火元素</a>，因此可以經玻璃中的小孔逃逸出去。過千年以後，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%89%E7%B4%8D%E5%BA%A6%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E6%96%87%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="李安納度·達文西">李安納度·達文西</a>在費隆的基礎上又觀察到，燃燒和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8_(%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8)" title="呼吸 (生理學)">呼吸</a>都會消耗部分空氣。<a href="#cite_note-ECE499-13">[13]</a> 17世紀，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%A9%E8%80%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="羅伯特·波義耳">羅伯特·波義耳</a>證明空氣是燃燒過程必需的物質。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%A5%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·梅奧（页面不存在）">約翰·梅奧</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_REG5EXow" class="extiw" title="en:John REG5EXow">John REG5EXow</a>）進一步證明，燃燒只需要空氣中的一種成分，他稱之為「銅硝石之靈」（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：spiritus nitroaereus）。<a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14">[14]</a>在其中一項實驗中，他發現把點燃的蠟燭或老鼠放在蓋著水面的密封容器內，水面都會上升，而且在蠟燭熄滅或老鼠死亡時，水會取代容器內空氣的四分之一容量。<a href="#cite_note-WoC-15">[15]</a>他得出的結論是，燃燒和呼吸都會消耗「銅硝石之靈」。 梅奧發現<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銻">銻</a>在燃燒之後重量有所提升，由此論證「銅硝石之靈」一定是在燃燒過程中和銻結合了。他也認為，肺臟能將「銅硝石之靈」從空氣中分離出來，運送到血液之中，而動物的熱量和肌肉運動都是「銅硝石之靈」與體內某些其他物質反應的結果。<a href="#cite_note-EB1911-14">[14]</a>梅奧在1668年《兩篇論文》（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：Tractatus duo）中的〈論呼吸〉（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：De respiratione）一文中發表了這一系列實驗和發現。<a href="#cite_note-WoC-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="燃素說">燃素說</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：燃素說">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AA%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="燃素說">燃素說</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/170px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/255px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png/340px-Georg_Ernst_Stahl.png 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·恩斯特·斯塔尔">格奧爾格·恩斯特·斯塔爾</a>推動了燃素說的發展和普及</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="羅伯特·虎克">羅伯特·虎克</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A7%E5%8B%92%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奧勒·博克（页面不存在）">奧勒·博克</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ole_Borch" class="extiw" title="en:Ole Borch">Ole Borch</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E8%80%B6%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E8%92%99%E8%AB%BE%E7%B4%A2%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="米哈伊爾·瓦西里耶維奇·羅蒙諾索夫">米哈伊爾·瓦西里耶維奇·羅蒙諾索夫</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8F%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮埃爾·巴揚（页面不存在）">皮埃爾·巴揚</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bayen" class="extiw" title="en:Pierre Bayen">Pierre Bayen</a>）在17、18世紀都在實驗中產生了氧氣，但無一發現氧是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>。<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a>由於有當時盛行的燃素說來解釋燃燒和腐蝕過程，因此他們都沒有發現氧氣在這些過程中重要的作用。 煉金術士<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%8C%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·约阿希姆·贝歇尔">約翰·約阿希姆·貝歇爾</a>在1667年建立燃素說，化學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94" title="格奥尔格·恩斯特·斯塔尔">格奧爾格·恩斯特·斯塔爾</a>又於1731年對燃素說作進一步修改。<a href="#cite_note-morris-17">[17]</a>根據燃素說，所有可燃物質都由兩部分組成。一部分為「燃素」，會在物質燃燒過程中釋放出來。不含燃素的部分則是物質的「純態」。<a href="#cite_note-ECE499-13">[13]</a>人們認為，木材、煤等可燃性高、燃燒殘留物少的物質主要都由燃素所組成，鐵等不可燃、會受腐蝕的物質則含有很少的燃素。空氣在燃素說中並無任何作用，此學說最初也未經量化實驗的驗證。大部分常見物質在燃燒過程中都會變輕，所以似乎失去了某種成分，這成為了燃素說的主要觀察基礎。<a href="#cite_note-ECE499-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發現">發現</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：發現">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/170px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/255px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png/340px-Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele_from_Familj-Journalen1874.png 2x" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>舍勒比普利斯特里更早發現氧氣，但研究結果發表得比他遲</figcaption></figure> 瑞典藥劑師<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒">卡爾·威廉·舍勒</a>在1771至1772年間最早發現氧。他對<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B1%9E" title="氧化汞">氧化汞</a>和不同<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="硝酸鹽">硝酸鹽</a>一同加熱，產生出氧氣。<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-ECE499-13">[13]</a>舍勒把這種氣體產物稱為「火之氣」，因為它能支持燃燒過程。手稿《論空氣與火的化學》（德語：Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer）記錄了這項發現，1775年寄往出版商，1777年出版。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PriestleyFuseli.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PriestleyFuseli.jpg/170px-PriestleyFuseli.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PriestleyFuseli.jpg/255px-PriestleyFuseli.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/PriestleyFuseli.jpg/340px-PriestleyFuseli.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·普利斯特里">約瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>一般被譽為氧的發現者</figcaption></figure> 1774年8月1日，英國教士<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="約瑟夫·普利斯特里">約瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>把陽光聚焦到裝有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B1%9E" title="氧化汞">氧化汞</a>的玻璃管中，從而釋放出一種氣體，他將其稱為「無燃素氣」（英語：dephlogisticated air）。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>他注意到，蠟燭在這一氣體中燃燒得更加旺盛，老鼠在呼吸此氣時顯得更加活躍，存活的時間也更長。在自己吸入「無燃素氣」後，普利斯特里寫道：「它在肺中的感覺和普通空氣無異，但一段時間內我感到胸腔格外輕盈舒適，頗感良好。」<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a>這些發現在1775年發表的論文《對空氣的進一步發現》（英語：An Account of Further Discoveries in Air）中有所記載。<a href="#cite_note-ECE499-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>由於普利斯特里比舍勒更早發表論文，因此常被稱為氧氣的最早發現者。 法國化學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="拉瓦锡">拉瓦锡</a>之後也聲稱獨立發現了氧氣。普利斯特里在1774年10月拜訪拉瓦節時向他講解過這項實驗如何釋放出某種新的氣體，又於1774年9月30日致信拉瓦節，講述他所發現的新物質。拉瓦節並未提及收到過此信。舍勒去世之後，人們在他的遺物之中發現了這封信的副本。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拉瓦節的成果">拉瓦節的成果</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：拉瓦節的成果">编辑</a>]</div> 雖然拉瓦節並沒有獨自發現氧氣，但他卻是用實驗量化<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应">氧化過程</a>並正確解釋燃燒過程的第一人。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>自1774起，他利用一系列實驗推翻了燃素說，又證明普利斯特里和舍勒所生成的物質是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg/170px-Antoine_lavoisier.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg/255px-Antoine_lavoisier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Antoine_lavoisier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="318" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9D%B1%E8%90%AC-%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節">安東萬-羅倫·德·拉瓦節</a>推翻了燃素說</figcaption></figure> 拉瓦節觀察到，在密封容器中對<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>和空氣加熱後，總重量並沒有增加。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>在打開容器時，空氣會迅速湧入。以此可推論，加熱過程消耗了容器中的部分空氣。他也注意到，錫的重量有所提升，且重量之差和湧入的空氣之重量相同。與此類似的實驗都記錄在拉瓦節1777年出版的著作《燃燒總論》（法語：Sur la combustion en général）中。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>他證明空氣是兩種氣體的混合物：燃燒和呼吸過程所必需的「活氣」（法語：l'air vital），以及無助燃燒和呼吸的「死氣」（法語：azote，取自希臘語ἄζωτον，意為「無生命」），也就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A3" title="氮氣">氮氣</a>。法語等某些歐洲語言至今仍稱氮氣為「azote」。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="词源">词源</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：词源">编辑</a>]</div> 1777年，拉瓦節將「活氣」改名為「oxygène」，結合希臘語詞根「ὀξύς」（尖銳，指酸味）和「-γενής」（產生者）。之所以詞源提到酸味，是因為他誤以為所有酸都必須含有氧。<a href="#cite_note-mellor-8">[8]</a>之后化学家确定拉瓦锡在这方面是错误的（氢才是酸的基础），但那时这个名字已被公认为氧的名称了。<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> 英國的普利斯特里比拉瓦節更早研究氧氣，「oxygen」一詞也受到了英國科學家的反對。不過在1791年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%AC%A8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" title="伊拉斯謨斯·達爾文">伊拉斯謨斯·達爾文</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="查理斯·達爾文">查理斯·達爾文</a>的祖父）的科普詩集《植物園》（英語：The Botanic Garden）出版，其中一首名為Oxygen的詩以歌頌氧氣為主題，使「oxygen」進入英語詞彙之中。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="後期歷史">後期歷史</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：後期歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/170px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/255px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg/340px-Goddard_and_Rocket.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2946" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%81%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="羅伯特·戈達德">羅伯特·戈達德</a>，身旁為液氧汽油火箭</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%81%93%E8%80%B3%E9%A0%93" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰·道耳頓">約翰·道耳頓</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96#原子-分子学说" title="原子理論">原子理論</a>主張，所有元素都是單原子物質，而在化合物中，不同元素的原子數都呈最簡單的整數比。例如，道耳頓假定水的公式為HO（1粒氫原子對1粒氧原子），從而推論氧的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為氫的8倍。今天所知的實際數值約為16。<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>1805年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E7%9B%96-%E5%90%95%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B" title="约瑟夫·路易·盖-吕萨克">約瑟夫·路易·蓋-呂薩克</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%B4%AA%E4%BF%9D%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亞歷山大·馮·洪保德">亞歷山大·馮·洪保德</a>證明水是由兩份氫、一份氧所組成。事實上，氫氣和氧氣都是雙原子分子。1811年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E6%AD%90%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BD%9B%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="阿莫迪歐·阿佛加德羅">阿莫迪歐·阿佛加德羅</a>利用這一點，通過<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BD%9B%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿佛加德羅定律">阿佛加德羅定律</a>推導出水的正確成分。<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> 19世紀末，科學家發現可以通過壓縮和冷卻使空氣變為液體，再分離其中的各種成分。瑞士化學家、物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%B0" title="拉乌尔·皮克泰">拉烏爾·皮克泰</a>利用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%B2%E7%B4%9A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="串級系統（页面不存在）">串級法</a>，通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E7%99%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸發">蒸發</a>液態<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>使<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>液化，再通過蒸發液態二氧化碳使氧氣液化。1877年12月22日，他向<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="法国科学院">法國科學院</a>發送電報，宣佈發現<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7" title="液氧">液氧</a>。兩天後，法國物理學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%80%B6%E6%B3%B0" title="路易·保罗·卡耶泰">路易·保羅·卡耶泰</a>宣佈用自己的方法，同樣成功製成液氧。<a href="#cite_note-BES707-24">[24]</a>兩人都只產生了幾滴液氧，無法進一步分析。1883年3月29日，波蘭科學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8A%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BE%85%E5%B8%83%E8%90%8A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齊格蒙特·弗羅布萊夫斯基（页面不存在）">齊格蒙特·弗羅布萊夫斯基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt_Wr%C3%B3blewski" class="extiw" title="en:Zygmunt Wróblewski">Zygmunt Wróblewski</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%BE%85%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%AC%9D%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡羅爾·奧爾謝夫斯基（页面不存在）">卡羅爾·奧爾謝夫斯基</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Olszewski" class="extiw" title="en:Karol Olszewski">Karol Olszewski</a>）終於製成穩定狀態下的液氧。<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>1891年，蘇格蘭化學家<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E7%93%A6" title="詹姆斯·杜瓦">詹姆斯·杜瓦</a>產生了足夠的液氧做進一步研究。<a href="#cite_note-NBB303-26">[26]</a>1895年，德國工程師<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·馮·林德（页面不存在）">卡爾·馮·林德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_von_Linde" class="extiw" title="en:Carl von Linde">Carl von Linde</a>）和英國工程師<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%BC%A2%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·漢普森（页面不存在）">威廉·漢普森</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hampson" class="extiw" title="en:William Hampson">William Hampson</a>）分別研發出商業可行的氧氣液化過程。兩者都先降低空氣溫度，使其液化，再用<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E9%A6%8F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸馏法">蒸餾法</a>將不同成分逐一氣化，分開捕獲。<a href="#cite_note-HPAM-27">[27]</a> 1901年，科學家燃燒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%82%94" title="乙炔">乙炔</a>和壓縮氧氣的混合物，首次<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%84%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="氣焊">氧炔焊接</a>。氧炔焊接之後成為了焊接、切割金屬的常用方法。<a href="#cite_note-HPAM-27">[27]</a>1923年，美國科學家<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E9%81%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="羅伯特·戈達德">羅伯特·戈達德</a>研發出首支消耗液態推進劑的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E6%8E%A8%E9%80%B2%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="火箭推進器">火箭推進器</a>。該火箭分別以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E6%B2%B9" title="汽油">汽油</a>和液氧作為燃料和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>。1926年3月16日，戈達德在美國<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E8%96%A9%E8%AB%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="麻薩諸塞州">麻薩諸塞州</a>奧本成功發射一支小型液態推進火箭。火箭達到每小時97公里的速度，並飛至56米的高度。<a href="#cite_note-HPAM-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> 地球大氣中的氧氣含量在全球範圍內有稍稍下滑的趨勢，這可能和燃燒化石燃料有關。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性質">性質</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：性質">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同素異形體">同素異形體</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：同素異形體">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="氧的同素异形体">氧的同素異形體</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ozone-1,3-dipole.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png/170px-Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png/255px-Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png/340px-Ozone-1%2C3-dipole.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>是地球上一種較為稀有的氣體，主要分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E6%B5%81%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="平流層">平流層</a>。圖為臭氧的分子結構示意圖</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygen_molecule.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Oxygen_molecule.png/200px-Oxygen_molecule.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/Oxygen_molecule.png 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>雙原子氧（O2）分子的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="空間填充模型">空間填充模型</a></figcaption></figure> 雙原子氧（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">），亦即氧氣，是氧元素在地球上最常見的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%B0%E5%BD%A2%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="同素異形體">同素異形體</a>，地球大氣氧的主要部分（見<a href="#存在形式">存在形式</a>一節）。雙原子氧的鍵長為121<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a>，鍵能為498<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a>。<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>與生物圈內其它分子的雙鍵或兩條單鍵相比，雙原子氧的鍵能更低，與任何有機分子反應都會<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="放热反应">放熱</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Weiss2008-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr2015-32">[32]</a>這性質是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="生物體">生物體</a>呼吸作用的主要原理（見<a href="#生物學上的作用">生物學上的作用</a>一節）。 三氧（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d1bf85a3805cbe73eb5ab672f7ffb1a1a3dd657" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}">），常用名為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7" title="臭氧">臭氧</a>，是一種高反應性的氧同素異形體。<a href="#cite_note-GuideElem48-33">[33]</a>在上層大氣中，<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">經<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%A4%96%E7%B7%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="紫外線">紫外線</a>分解成獨立的氧原子。這些氧原子再與<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">結合後，形成臭氧。<a href="#cite_note-mellor-8">[8]</a>由於臭氧能較強地吸收紫外線範圍內的輻射，所以<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="臭氧層">臭氧層</a>能阻擋一部分輻射抵達地球表面，有屏障的作用。<a href="#cite_note-mellor-8">[8]</a>在地球表面出現的臭氧是汽車廢氣所產生的一種<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%A3%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="空氣污染">空氣污染物</a>。<a href="#cite_note-GuideElem48-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%81%9A%E6%B0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="四聚氧">四聚氧</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7f02ed46ce1b309bc0bb0f0471b40fa3b3c17c98" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O4}}}">）分子為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A8%B3%E6%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="亚稳态">亞穩態</a>，2001年發現。<a href="#cite_note-o4-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-newform-35">[35]</a>科學家曾認為，將<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">加壓至20<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">GPa</a>所形成的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%80%81%E6%B0%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="固态氧">固態氧</a>，是由四聚氧所組成。但2006年的一項研究證明，此固體相態實際上是由<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O8}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>8</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O8}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b064003a998eab6398b2aba248d70526a16db777" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O8}}}"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%B0%87" title="原子簇">原子簇</a>所組成，結構為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="三方晶系">三方晶系</a>。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a>這種同素異形體很有可能是比<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d1bf85a3805cbe73eb5ab672f7ffb1a1a3dd657" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O3}}}">更強得多的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>，可做<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="火箭燃料">火箭燃料</a>。<a href="#cite_note-o4-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-newform-35">[35]</a> 1990年，科學家將固態氧加壓至96GPa以上，發現了氧的金屬相態；<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>1998年，又證明該相態在極低溫下具<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%AF%BC%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="超导性">超導性</a>。<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性質">物理性質</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：物理性質">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg/440px-Oxygen_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>氧放電管所釋放的綠光與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="極光">極光</a>中的綠色相似</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7" title="液氧">液氧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%B0%A7" title="固氧">固氧</a></div> 氧氣在水中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">溶解性</a>比在氮中高，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%A1%E6%B0%B4" title="淡水">淡水</a>中的溶解性又比在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4" title="海水">海水</a>中高。在大氣中氧氣和氮氣的分子比例為1:4，而在水和空氣達致平衡的狀態下，該比例為1:2。氧氣在水中的溶解度會隨溫度改變：在0°C下的溶解度（14.6mg·L−1）約為在20°C下的雙倍（7.6mg·L−1）。<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>當空氣處於25°C及1<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="標準大氣壓">標準大氣壓</a>（101.3<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">千帕斯卡</a>）時，每<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%8D%87" title="公升">公升</a>淡水含6.04毫升氧氣，而每公升海水則含4.95毫升氧氣。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right:25px"> <caption>海平面上水的溶氧量 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>5℃ </th> <th>25℃ </th></tr> <tr> <td>淡水 </td> <td>9.0 mL </td> <td>6.04 mL </td></tr> <tr> <td>海水 </td> <td>7.2 mL </td> <td>4.95 mL </td></tr></tbody></table> 氧氣在90.20<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="開爾文">K</a>（−182.95°C）凝結，在54.36K（−218.79°C）凝固。<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%B0%A7" title="液氧">液氧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%B0%A7" title="固氧">固氧</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">）都是呈淡天藍色的透明物質，這是由於氧分子會吸收紅光。（天空呈藍色是由於藍光的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%95%A3%E5%B0%84" title="瑞利散射">瑞利散射</a>，而非因氧氣的吸收光譜所致。）高純度液氧一般是通過液化空氣<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A6%8F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="分馏法">分餾法</a>萃取的；<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a>亦可利用液氮的低溫使空氣中的氧氣凝結。<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="極光">極光</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%BC%9D" title="氣輝">氣輝</a>（夜輝）的部分顏色來自於氧氣分子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E8%AD%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="光譜">光譜</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Krupenie1972-44">[44]</a>氧氣分子會吸收<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E8%8C%A8%E8%B2%9D%E6%A0%BC%E9%80%A3%E7%BA%8C%E5%8D%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫茨貝格連續區（页面不存在）">赫茨貝格連續區</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%88%92%E6%9B%BC%E2%80%93%E9%BE%8D%E6%A0%BC%E5%B8%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="舒曼–龍格帶（页面不存在）">舒曼–龍格帶</a>內的紫外輻射，形成原子氧。這一過程對大氣中層的化學有重要的作用。<a href="#cite_note-BrasseurSolomon2006-45">[45]</a>在激發態下的單態氧在溶液中會化學發光，呈紅色。<a href="#cite_note-Kearns1971-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg/170px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg/255px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_magnet_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption>氧氣具有順磁性。圖為懸浮在磁極之間的液氧</figcaption></figure> 氧氣有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a>。在實驗室中，用強力磁鐵可以使液氧懸浮在兩磁極之間。<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a>分析氧氣樣本的順磁性，可得出樣本中氧氣的純度。<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同位素與來源">同位素與來源</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：同位素與來源">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氧的同位素">氧的同位素</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg/220px-Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg/330px-Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg/440px-Evolved_star_fusion_shells.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>到了大質量恆星的生命晚期，16O聚集在氧殼層，17O聚集在氫殼層，18O則聚集在氦殼層。</figcaption></figure> 自然界中的氧元素由<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eed8d07b84732b2713f9233aa72a2f9cf925f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}">及<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">三種<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定同位素</a>組成，其中<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="豐度">豐度</a>最高（99.762%）。<a href="#cite_note-EnvChem-Iso-49">[49]</a> 大部分<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">是在大質量<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%86%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="恆星">恆星</a><a href="/wiki/3%E6%B0%A6%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="3氦過程">氦聚變</a>過程晚期<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%88%E6%88%90" title="核合成">合成</a>，也有一部分源於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E7%87%83%E7%87%92%E9%81%8E%E7%A8%8B" title="氖燃燒過程">氖燃燒過程</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Meyer2005-50">[50]</a><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>17</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48eed8d07b84732b2713f9233aa72a2f9cf925f0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^17O}}}">主要是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳氮氧循環">碳氮氧循環</a>中從氫至氦的聚變過程中產生，因此分佈在恆星內部的氫聚變區域。<a href="#cite_note-Meyer2005-50">[50]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氮的同位素">14N</a>在捕獲一粒<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="氦的同位素">4He</a>原子核後變為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">，因此<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">分佈在大質量恆星的氦區域。<a href="#cite_note-Meyer2005-50">[50]</a> 在穩定同位素以外，氧還有14種<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>。最穩定的為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^15O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>15</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^15O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7af6d0c1af36ad6b1d03f67d2859528158daa2df" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^15O}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^14O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>14</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^14O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/533ce918c1f6e6c0483aaca341babaa37fc126ff" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^14O}}}">，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>分別為122.24秒和70.606秒。<a href="#cite_note-EnvChem-Iso-49">[49]</a>其餘的放射性同位素半衰期都在27秒以內，大部分甚至低於83毫秒。<a href="#cite_note-EnvChem-Iso-49">[49]</a>質量低於<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">的同位素的最常見衰變模式為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β+</a>，<a href="#cite_note-NUDAT-13O-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-NUDAT-14O-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-NUDAT-15O-53">[53]</a>產物為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a>；質量高於<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">的同位素則主要<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b53cf601b551f4a21f29eaa9aff222b901988e6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.848ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \beta ^{-}}">衰變，產物為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟</a>。<a href="#cite_note-EnvChem-Iso-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="存在形式">存在形式</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：存在形式">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9" title="硅酸盐矿物">矽酸鹽礦物</a>、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="Category:氧化物礦物">分類:氧化物礦物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%9F%E6%97%8F" title="星族">星族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="宇宙化學">宇宙化學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" title="天体化学">天體化學</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:left; margin-right: 20px"> <caption>通過光譜學估算的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="銀河系">銀河系</a>元素豐度表<a href="#cite_note-croswell-54">[54]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序">Z</a></th> <th>元素</th> <th colspan="2">質量比例（百萬分率） </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a></td> <td align="right">739,000</td> <td colspan="2">71 × 氧氣質量（紅條） </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a></td> <td align="right">240,000</td> <td colspan="2">23 × 氧氣質量（紅條） </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>氧</td> <td align="right">10,400 </td> <td align="left">10400<div style="width:104px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;background:red;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a></td> <td align="right">4,600 </td> <td align="left">4600<div style="width:46px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖</a></td> <td align="right">1,340 </td> <td align="left">1340<div style="width:13.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a></td> <td align="right">1,090 </td> <td align="left">1090<div style="width:10.9px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮</a></td> <td align="right">960 </td> <td align="left">960<div style="width:9.6px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a></td> <td align="right">650 </td> <td align="left">650<div style="width:6.5px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a></td> <td align="right">580 </td> <td align="left">580<div style="width:5.8px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a></td> <td align="right">440 </td> <td align="left">440<div style="width:4.4px;height:2ex;background:#aaa;"> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> 在全宇宙中，氧的豐度排在第三位，僅在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦</a>之後。<a href="#cite_note-NBB297-4">[4]</a>太陽總質量的0.9%為氧元素。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>按質量算，氧是地球海洋中和陸地上最常見的化學元素：在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地球地壳">地球地殼</a>中佔49.2%，<a href="#cite_note-lanl-5">[5]</a>在海洋中佔88.8%。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a>氧氣是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大氣層">地球大氣層</a>中含量第二高的成分，佔總體積的20.8%，總質量的23.1%（共1015噸）。<a href="#cite_note-ECE500-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBB298-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[a]</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽系">太陽系</a>中，地球大氣的氧含量是獨一無二的：氧氣只佔<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>大氣體積的0.1%，<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F" title="金星">金星</a>的大氣氧含量則更低。這些行星的氧氣是含氧分子（如二氧化碳）在紫外線輻射下所釋放出來的。 地球之所以有異常高的氧氣，是因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="氧循環">氧循環</a>。地球上的氧主要在大氣、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3%E5%9C%88" title="岩石圈">岩石圈</a>之間流動，是為<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%BE%AA%E7%8E%AF" title="生物地球化学循环">生物地球化學循環</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>是氧循環的主要推動力，它決定了目前的地球大氣成分。氧氣通過光合作用釋放到大氣之中，再經<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="分解作用">分解作用</a>和燃燒離開大氣。今天的大氣氧含量處於平衡，氧氣的生成率和消耗率相同，約為每年大氣氧氣總量的二千分之一。 <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/220px-WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/330px-WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png/440px-WOA09_sea-surf_O2_AYool.png 2x" data-file-width="3158" data-file-height="2217" /></a><figcaption>冷水可溶解更多的O 2。圖為海洋表面含氧量的分佈情況</figcaption></figure> 氧氣也出現在海洋中。<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">在低溫海水中的溶解量更高（見<a href="#物理性質">物理性質</a>一節），所以兩極附近海洋的生物密度比其他海洋高許多。<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a>受<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="硝酸鹽">硝酸鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="磷酸鹽">磷酸鹽</a>等植物養分所<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="水污染">污染的水</a>可促使<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%BB%E9%A1%9E" title="藻類">藻類</a>生長（稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E8%90%A5%E5%85%BB%E5%8C%96" title="富营养化">富營養化</a>過程）。這些藻類以及其他生物物質在分解後，會降低水的氧含量。水體的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%9C%80%E6%B0%A7%E9%87%8F" title="生化需氧量">生化需氧量</a>，即把含氧量復原至正常水平所需的氧氣量，是水質的一項量化指標。<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="分析">分析</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：分析">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png/250px-Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png/375px-Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png/500px-Phanerozoic_Climate_Change.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>18O含量隨過去5億年間的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氣候變化">氣候變化</a>的趨勢圖</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學家</a>可通過測量海洋動物<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="外骨骼">外殼</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>中<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">同位素之比，推算百萬年前的地球氣候。同位素<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">的質量比<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">高出12%，因此海水中含<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">的水分子會比含<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">的水分子蒸發得更快。海水溫度越低，蒸發率的差異更大。<a href="#cite_note-NBB304-59">[58]</a>當氣候寒冷的時期，蒸發的水形成的雨雪會有較高的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">，剩餘的海水則含較高的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">。因此在寒冷氣候下，海洋生物的外殼和骨骼會包含更多的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>18</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bdbd6dc5295d730ac885e97a22e1597502667b0f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^18O}}}">同位素。<a href="#cite_note-NBB304-59">[58]</a> 行星地質學家已分析過<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>上及<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%95%E7%9F%B3" title="隕石">隕石</a>中氧同位素的相對含量。<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="起源號">起源號</a>衛星所攜帶的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a>晶片暴露在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%A2%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽風">太陽風</a>中，於2004年隨衛星返回地球。科學家在分析晶片後發現，太陽中的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">比例比地球上高，意味著有某種未知的過程在太陽系<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E7%9B%A4" title="原行星盤">原行星盤</a>坍縮形成地球之前，消耗了部分的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mmultiscripts> <mtext>O</mtext> <none /> <none /> <mprescripts /> <none /> <mn>16</mn> </mmultiscripts> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/26faeb8ead59e6090ba6133eec412b765d4c50f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.626ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {^16O}}}">。<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> 氧在<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%85%89%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6%E8%A8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="分光光度計">分光光度計</a>下有兩條<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E6%94%B6%E5%B8%B6" title="吸收帶">吸收帶</a>，峰值分別位於687和760<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B1%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="納米">納米</a>。這兩條光譜帶能用於區分植物的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84%E7%8E%87" title="反射率">反射</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%92%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="熒光">熒光</a>。利用此原理，有<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%99%E6%84%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="遙感">遙感</a>科學家提議用衛星測量植被冠層在這兩條帶的輻射，監測植物的健康和全球範圍內的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="碳循環">碳循環</a>。監測的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%99%AA%E6%AF%94" title="信噪比">信噪比</a>較低，再加上植物的結構複雜，因此技術難度較大。<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物學上的作用">生物學上的作用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：生物學上的作用">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="呼吸及光合作用">呼吸及光合作用</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：呼吸及光合作用">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸作用</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg/220px-Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg/330px-Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg/440px-Simple_photosynthesis_overview_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="1027" /></a><figcaption>光合作用在分解水的過程中釋放出O 2，又將CO 2轉化為糖，此為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0" title="卡爾文循環">卡爾文循環</a></figcaption></figure> 在自然界的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光合作用">光合作用</a>過程中，水分子經過<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%88%86%E8%A7%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="光分解作用">光分解作用</a>后會釋放出氧氣。具其中一項估計，地球上有70%的氧氣由水生<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%97%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="綠藻">綠藻</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8D%E7%B6%A0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="藍綠菌">藍綠菌</a>產生，其餘的氧氣則來自陸地植物。<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a>根據另一項估計，大氣氧氣每年有45%來自於海洋。<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> 光合作用簡式為：<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {6CO2 + 6H2O +}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {6CO2 + 6H2O +}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e94bc2b1f9ea1e0ffbd5aa68813932057434663b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.894ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {6CO2 + 6H2O +}}}"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {-> C6H12O6 + 6O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {-> C6H12O6 + 6O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1ef306ebf89c69358036f70436dd85aa424fb87e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:20.917ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {-> C6H12O6 + 6O2}}}"></dd></dl> 亦即 <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a> + 水 + 光 → <a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%B3%96" title="葡萄糖">葡萄糖</a> + 氧氣</dd></dl></dd></dl> 在光合作用的生物體內，產生氧氣的反應發生在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9B%8A%E9%AB%94" title="類囊體">類囊體</a>膜上，需四粒<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%90" title="光子">光子</a>的能量。<a href="#cite_note-65">[b]</a>此反應有許多步驟，最終會在類囊體膜上產生質子梯度，以此經<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%90%88%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="光合磷酸化">光合磷酸化</a>反應合成<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">三磷酸腺苷</a>（ATP）。<a href="#cite_note-Raven-66">[64]</a>在生成水分子之後所剩餘的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">會釋放到大氣之中。<a href="#cite_note-68">[c]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%9A%E7%B2%92%E9%AB%94" title="線粒體">線粒體</a>中產生ATP的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E5%8C%96" title="氧化磷酸化">氧化磷酸化</a>過程需氧。有氧呼吸作用的整體反應類似於反向的光合作用，其簡化公式為： <dl><dd><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2880}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2880</mn> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2880}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/148fb837ad74332917043cd53ef3579bdc5ce003" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:44.138ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2880}}}">kJ·mol−1</dd></dl> 在<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="脊椎動物">脊椎動物</a>中，<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">經<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="扩散作用">擴散作用</a>，通過<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA" title="肺">肺</a>內的膜進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E8%A1%80%E7%90%83" class="mw-redirect" title="紅血球">紅血球</a>。<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">與紅血球中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>結合，後者從紫藍色變為亮紅色。<a href="#cite_note-GuideElem48-33">[33]</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3ed885c7553085f5d3a2bb0a63616656248699d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.54ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}">會通過<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%B0%94%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" title="玻尔效应">玻爾效應</a>從血紅蛋白的另一部分釋放出來。）<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="軟體動物">軟體動物</a>及某些<a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%80%E8%82%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="節肢動物">節肢動物</a>利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E8%93%9D%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="血蓝蛋白">血藍蛋白</a>承載氧氣，<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%98%E8%9B%9B" title="蜘蛛">蜘蛛</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E8%9E%AF%E8%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="海螯蝦">海螯蝦</a>則利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%AF%E8%9A%93%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" title="蚯蚓血红蛋白">蚯蚓血紅蛋白</a>。<a href="#cite_note-NBB298-55">[55]</a>含血紅蛋白的血液每公升可溶解200立方厘米的<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">。<a href="#cite_note-NBB298-55">[55]</a> 在發現<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="厭氧生物">厭氧動物</a>之前，<a href="#cite_note-pmid20370908-69">[66]</a>人們曾以為氧氣是所有複雜生物所必要的物質。<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> 生物體消耗氧氣之後所產生的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%A7%E7%B1%BB" title="活性氧类">活性氧類</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超氧化物">超氧化物</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2^-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2^-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69a49dd36b8bd6a25a96af9ded53808dd1549f04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:3.319ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2^-}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧化氫">過氧化氫</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9530f5f3b2abc18483c28833e44dcd68b0305ec9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.66ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O2}}}">）等。<a href="#cite_note-NBB298-55">[55]</a>複雜生物<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="免疫系統">免疫系統</a>中有一些部分會生成過氧化物、超氧化物和單態氧來攻擊入侵的微生物。在抵禦病原攻擊的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E9%81%8E%E6%95%8F%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="植物過敏反應（页面不存在）">植物過敏反應</a>之中，活性氧類也起著重要的作用。<a href="#cite_note-Raven-66">[64]</a>氧對<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%88%E6%80%A7%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E8%8F%8C" title="專性厭氧菌">專性厭氧生物</a>有破壞性。這類生物在地球<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="生命演化歷程">生命演化歷程</a>早期處於統治性地位，直至專性厭氧生物出現後10億年，即25億年前的大氣<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="大氧化事件">大氧化事件</a>為止。<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20131003-72">[69]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin-left:25px"> <caption>人體內氧氣的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">氣體分壓</a>（pO2） </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>單位</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E6%B3%A1" title="肺泡">肺泡</a>氣體</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="動脈">動脈</a>氣體</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9C%E8%84%88" class="mw-redirect" title="靜脈">靜脈</a>氣體 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">kPa</a></td> <td>14.2</td> <td>11<a href="#cite_note-mmHg-73">[d]</a>-13<a href="#cite_note-mmHg-73">[d]</a></td> <td>4.0<a href="#cite_note-mmHg-73">[d]</a>-5.3<a href="#cite_note-mmHg-73">[d]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/MmHg" class="mw-redirect" title="MmHg">mmHg</a></td> <td>107</td> <td>75<a href="#cite_note-southwest-74">[70]</a>-100<a href="#cite_note-southwest-74">[70]</a></td> <td>30<a href="#cite_note-brookside-75">[71]</a>-40<a href="#cite_note-brookside-75">[71]</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大氣氧氣的積聚">大氣氧氣的積聚</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：大氣氧氣的積聚">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oxygenation-atm.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Oxygenation-atm.svg/300px-Oxygenation-atm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Oxygenation-atm.svg/450px-Oxygenation-atm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Oxygenation-atm.svg/600px-Oxygenation-atm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>地球大氣氧氣積聚的過程：（1）尚未生成任何氧氣；（2）氧氣開始生成，但由海洋及海床岩石吸收；（3）氧氣開始從海洋釋出，但一部分由陸地表面吸收，另一部分形成臭氧層；（4、5）各氧氣槽飽滿之後，氧氣逐漸積聚</figcaption></figure> 大概在35億年前，地球上出現會光合作用的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%8F%8C" title="古菌">古菌</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="細菌">細菌</a>。在此之前，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="地球大气">地球大氣</a>中幾乎不存在游離氧氣。到了<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3" title="古元古代">古元古代</a>，即30至23億年前，地球上第一次出現大量的游離氧氣。<a href="#cite_note-Crowe2013-76">[72]</a>地球形成後的首10億年內，游離氧氣會與溶於海洋中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>結合，形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%9D%E7%8B%80%E9%90%B5%E5%B1%A4" title="條狀鐵層">條狀鐵層</a>。30至27億年前，此類氧氣槽達到飽和，氧氣開始從海洋<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8B%E6%B0%A3" title="釋氣">釋出</a>。17億年前，氧氣水平達到今天的10%。<a href="#cite_note-Crowe2013-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-77">[73]</a> 24億年前的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="大氧化事件">大氧化事件</a>（「氧氣大災難」）期間，海洋和大氣的含氧量大幅上漲，大多數的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="厭氧生物">厭氧生物</a>很可能因此絕種。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%BD%E6%B0%A7%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="好氧生物">好氧生物</a>用<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="呼吸作用">呼吸</a>，可以比厭氧生物產生多許多的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Freeman-78">[74]</a>所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="真核生物">真核生物</a>，包括動植物等複雜多細胞生物都用<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">呼吸。 5.4億年前，地球進入<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E6%AD%A6%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="寒武紀">寒武紀</a>，這段時期的大氣含氧量（依體積）在15%和30%間波動。<a href="#cite_note-geologic-79">[75]</a>約3億年前<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%82%AD%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="石炭紀">石炭紀</a>進入末期時，大氣含氧量達到35%的最高值，<a href="#cite_note-geologic-79">[75]</a>這有可能是當時<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E8%9F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="昆蟲">昆蟲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%A3%B2%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="兩棲類">兩棲類</a>動物體型巨大的原因。<a href="#cite_note-Butterfield2009-80">[76]</a> 含氧量的波動影響遠古氣候：含氧量下降時，大氣密度一同下降，表面蒸發率因而上升，進而提高溫度和降水程度。<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> 以目前光合作用的速率，要生成目前整片大氣中所有的氧氣需2千年。<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="工業生產">工業生產</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：工業生產">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg/220px-Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg/330px-Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg/440px-Hofmann_voltameter_fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>用於電解水的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC%E9%9B%BB%E9%87%8F%E8%A8%88" title="霍夫曼電量計">霍夫曼電解儀</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A6%8F" title="分馏">分餾</a></div> 每年從空氣萃取的工業用<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">有1億噸，萃取方法有二。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a>液態空氣<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%A6%8F%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="分馏法">分餾法</a>利用不同气体沸点不同的原理蒸餾出氮氣，留下液氧，為最常用方法。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a> 操作流程为： <ol><li>将空气加压降温至-200℃，此时大部分气体变为液态，<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>He</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61807d0bb443b19c732b732a5b645e1bffb30f96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.775ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ne</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30a53430754ac3155e4ee643aa0f746e0d6751cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.775ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}">仍保持气态。</li> <li>将<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>He</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/61807d0bb443b19c732b732a5b645e1bffb30f96" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.775ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {He}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>Ne</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/30a53430754ac3155e4ee643aa0f746e0d6751cf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.775ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Ne}}}">从容器中分离。</li> <li>将液态空气升温至-195.8℃，此时<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>N</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {N2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3dfc8b06245ec58613e293f745ea2cca3307f913" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.797ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {N2}}}">逸出。</li> <li>再次升温至-183℃，此时<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">逸出。</li></ol> 注意：因為氬的沸點(零下186度)與氧相近，此時逸出者為氧氬混合氣體。若需提純氧仍需再將溫度降低至氬結凍後才能提取純氧(氬的熔點為零下190度，高於氧的熔點零下219度)。 另一常用方法主要利用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E7%9F%B3" title="沸石">沸石</a>做成兩個相同的分子篩。當有不含雜質和水份的空氣通過分子篩時，分子篩會吸收氧氣，讓90%至94%純度的氮氣通過。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a>當其中一個分子篩上的氧氣達到飽和時，可通過降低氣壓或使氮氣反向通過分子篩，使氧氣釋出。兩個分子篩交替吸附、釋放氧氣，達到連續供應氧氣的目的。這種方法稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%8A%E5%A3%93%E5%90%B8%E9%99%84%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="變壓吸附法（页面不存在）">變壓吸附法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/pressure_swing_adsorption" class="extiw" title="en:pressure swing adsorption">pressure swing adsorption</a>）。<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a> 氧氣可通過電解水來生成。直流電通過水，在正負兩極處會分別形成兩份氫氣和一份氧氣。亦可用電作為催化劑，從氧化物和<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%A7%E9%85%B8" title="含氧酸">含氧酸</a>中萃取氧氣。化學氧氣發生器和氧燭都利用化學催化劑萃取氧氣，應用包括潛水艇維生系統以及客運飛機上突發降壓時的後備維生系統。還有一種生成方法，用高壓或電流使空氣穿過基於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%86" title="二氧化锆">二氧化鋯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E7%93%B7" class="mw-disambig" title="陶瓷">陶瓷</a>膜。這樣生成的氧氣有極高的純度。<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="儲藏">儲藏</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：儲藏">编辑</a>]</div> 氧氣的儲藏方法包括高壓<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3%E7%AD%92" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣筒">氧氣筒</a>、低溫儲藏及化合物儲藏。由於1公升液氧在大氣壓力和20攝氏度下相等於840公升氧氣，因此為降低成本，氧氣一般是在液態下用特殊罐車運輸的。此類氧氣罐車可以為醫院等需大量純氧的機構補充氧氣罐。在進入大樓之前，低溫液氧須先經過<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%A2%E7%83%AD%E5%99%A8" title="换热器">換熱器</a>轉化為氣體。小型壓縮氧氣罐可用於便攜式醫療器材及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%84%8A%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%A3%E5%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="氣焊和氣割">氣焊和氣割</a>等。<a href="#cite_note-NBB300-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用">應用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：應用">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%98%E5%8E%9F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="氧化还原反应">氧化還原反應</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%87%92" class="mw-redirect" title="燃燒">燃燒</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療">醫療</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：醫療">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg/170px-Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg/255px-Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg/340px-Home_oxygen_concentrator.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="慢性阻塞性肺病">慢性阻塞性肺病</a>患者家中的一台<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%BF%83%E7%B8%AE%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氧濃縮器（页面不存在）">氧濃縮器</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oxygen_concentrator" class="extiw" title="en:oxygen concentrator">oxygen concentrator</a>）</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8" title="呼吸">呼吸</a>的主要目的是從空氣中吸取氧氣。在醫療上，病人吸入額外的氧氣，不但能增加其血氧量，還能降低許多種病態肺組織對血流的阻力，減輕心臟的負荷。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%99%82" title="氧療">氧療</a>可應用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E9%98%BB%E5%A1%9E%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%97%85" title="慢性阻塞性肺病">慢性阻塞性肺病</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>、某些心臟疾病（充血性心臟衰竭）、某些導致<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E5%8B%95%E8%84%88" title="肺動脈">肺動脈</a>血壓增高的疾病等等，以及任何使身體吸入及使用氧氣能力降低的疾病。<a href="#cite_note-ECE510-84">[80]</a> 氧氣療法有較大的靈活性，可用於醫院及病人家中，甚至還有越來越多的便攜式醫用氧氣設備。曾經常見的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%B8%B3%E7%AF%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氧氣帳篷（页面不存在）">氧氣帳篷</a>，現已大多被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3%E9%9D%A2%E7%BD%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣面罩">氧氣面罩</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BC%BB%E6%8F%92%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鼻插管（页面不存在）">鼻插管</a>所取代。<a href="#cite_note-pmid18540928-85">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%A3%93%E6%B0%A7%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="高壓氧治療">高壓氧治療</a>利用高壓氧艙增加氧氣<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">分壓</a>，治療艙內的病人，<a href="#cite_note-pmid8931286-86">[82]</a>可用於治療<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="一氧化碳中毒">一氧化碳中毒</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A3%E6%80%A7%E5%A3%9E%E7%96%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氣性壞疽（页面不存在）">氣性壞疽</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E5%A3%93%E7%97%87" title="減壓症">減壓症</a>等。<a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a>增加肺內的氧氣濃度有助於從<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%9F%BA%E8%B3%AA" title="血基質">血基質</a>上移除<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="一氧化碳">一氧化碳</a>。<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid15233173-89">[85]</a>較高的氧氣分壓能夠毒死造成氣性壞疽的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%AD%E6%B0%A7%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="厭氧菌">厭氧菌</a>。<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a>當潛水員上升過快，環境壓力迅速降低時，血液裡會形成由氮和氦等氣體所組成的氣泡。若盡早增加氧氣壓力，可使這些氣泡重新溶解於血液之中，多餘的氣體從而經肺部自然呼出。<a href="#cite_note-ECE510-84">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="維生及娛樂">維生及娛樂</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：維生及娛樂">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg/220px-Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg/330px-Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg/440px-Wisoff_on_the_Arm_-_GPN-2000-001069.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%8D" title="航天服">航天服</a>使用低壓純氧</figcaption></figure> 現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%A1%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="太空衣">太空衣</a>內充滿近純氧，壓力為大氣壓的三分之一左右，這使得<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="太空人">太空人</a>血液裡可以會有正常的氧氣分壓。<a href="#cite_note-pmid11541018-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid2730484-95">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BA%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="水肺潛水">水肺式</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%A2%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%A3%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水面供氣式（页面不存在）">水面供氣式</a>潛水員以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E8%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="潛水艇">潛水艇</a>都需要人工供應氧氣。潛水艇、潛水器和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4%E6%9C%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大氣壓潛水服（页面不存在）">大氣壓潛水服</a>中的呼吸氣體一般處於大氣壓力。呼出的氣體在經化學方法萃取出二氧化碳之後，再補回氧氣，使分壓保持不變。在環境壓潛水員所呼吸的混合氣體之中，氧氣的比例須依身處深度而定。純氧或近純氧的應用一般僅限於<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="循環呼吸器（页面不存在）">循環呼吸器</a>、深度較淺（約6米以內）的減壓過程<a href="#cite_note-Acott-96">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-Longphre-97">[93]</a>以及2.8<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4" title="巴">巴</a>壓力以內的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E5%A3%93%E8%89%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加壓艙（页面不存在）">加壓艙</a>治療。在加壓艙中之所以能用較高的壓力，是因為急性<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="氧气中毒">氧氣中毒</a>的徵狀可以即時控制，而不存在溺死的危險。更深的潛水則需要在呼吸氣體中摻入其他氣體，如氮氣和氦氣，目的是大大降低氧氣分壓，以避免氧氣中毒。<a href="#cite_note-Acott-96">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="登山">登山</a>或乘坐不加壓<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" title="航空器">航空器</a>的人士往往也須要補充氧氣。在低壓空氣中增加氧氣的比例，能夠使氧氣的分壓達到海平面水平。載客飛機都為各乘客備有緊急供氧設備，以應對機艙失壓。機艙突然失壓時，座位上方的化學氧發生器隨即啟動，氧氣面罩掉下。乘客拉下面罩時，會使鐵屑與罐裡的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0" title="氯酸钠">氯酸鈉</a>混合，<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a>兩者的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%83%AD%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="放热反应">放熱反應</a>會持續產生氧氣。 氧氣可使人產生微<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A3%E5%BF%AB" title="欣快">欣快</a>感，其在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7%E5%90%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氧吧（页面不存在）">氧吧</a>和運動中的娛樂性使用有一定歷史。1990年代末起，氧吧在日本、美國加州及內華達州<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%B6%AD%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="拉斯維加斯">拉斯維加斯</a>等地興起。顧客可以付費呼吸使用氧氣比例比一般更高的氣體。<a href="#cite_note-FDA-O2Bars-98">[94]</a>職業運動員，特別是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%BC%8F%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83" title="美式足球">美式足球</a>員，有時會在場外戴上氧氣面罩，提高體能。然而，這種做法的實際功效卻存疑，任何體能上的提升更可能是因為<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%85%B0%E5%8A%91" title="安慰劑">安慰劑</a>效應。<a href="#cite_note-FDA-O2Bars-98">[94]</a>有研究指出，只有在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A7%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="有氧運動">有氧運動</a>期間吸入高含氧量氣體，才會提升體能。<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工業">工業</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：工業">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clabecq_JPG01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clabecq_JPG01.jpg/220px-Clabecq_JPG01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clabecq_JPG01.jpg/330px-Clabecq_JPG01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Clabecq_JPG01.jpg/440px-Clabecq_JPG01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>大部分商業生產的氧氣都用於<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="煉鋼">煉鋼</a></figcaption></figure> 商業生產的氧氣之中，有55%都用於<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%8B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="煉鋼">煉鋼</a>。過程中，氧氣經一長槍型物注入熔融鐵中，將其中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>雜質分別轉化為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%AB" title="二氧化硫">二氧化硫</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>而釋出。此為放熱反應，溫度上升至1,700℃。<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a> 另有25%氧氣用於化工。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%83%AF" title="乙烯">乙烯</a>與氧氣反應，產生<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B0%A7%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="环氧乙烷">環氧乙烷</a>，再轉化為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E4%BA%8C%E9%86%87" title="乙二醇">乙二醇</a>。乙二醇是許多物質生產過程中的主要材料，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E5%87%8D%E5%8A%91" title="防凍劑">防凍劑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E9%85%AF" title="聚酯">聚酯</a>（即許多<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%91%E6%96%99" title="塑料">塑料</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="布料">布料</a>的原料）等等。<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a> 剩餘的20%氧氣則用於醫療、金屬<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%84%8A%E5%92%8C%E6%B0%A3%E5%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="氣焊和氣割">氣焊和氣割</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD%E6%8E%A8%E8%BF%9B%E5%89%82" title="火箭推进剂">火箭推進劑</a>中之氧化劑以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="水处理">水處理</a>。<a href="#cite_note-NBB301-58">[57]</a>氧和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E7%82%94" title="乙炔">乙炔</a>的燃燒過程會產生高溫火焰，可用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E7%84%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="氣焊">氧炔焊接</a>：厚度在60厘米以內的金屬先用較小的氧乙炔火焰加熱，然後用大量氧氣噴射來快速切割。<a href="#cite_note-ECE508-100">[96]</a>氧气或空气用于氧气裂解过程<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a>中，并用于生产丙烯酸<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a>，二甲酰呋喃<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a>，苯甲酸<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a>。另一方面，由氧气电化学合成过氧化氢是一种有前途的技术，可以代替目前使用的对苯二酚工艺<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a>。最后但并非最不重要的一点是，在加力燃烧器中使用了催化氧化以消除有害气体<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="化合物">化合物</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：化合物">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg/170px-Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg/255px-Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/02/Stilles_Mineralwasser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>（H 2O）是常見的氧化合物</figcaption></figure> 氧在大多數化合物中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>為−2，在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧化物">過氧化物</a>等幾種化合物中則為−1。<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a>其他氧化態的氧化合物非常罕見，有：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="超氧化物">超氧化物</a>（−1/2）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AD%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="臭氧化物">臭氧化物</a>（−1/3）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="氧的同素异形体">元素氧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A1%E6%B0%9F%E9%85%B8" title="次氟酸">次氟酸</a>（0）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%9F%BA%E7%9B%90" title="二氧基盐">二氧基盐</a>（+1/2）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7" title="二氟化二氧">二氟化二氧</a>（+1）和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A7" title="二氟化氧">二氟化氧</a>（+2）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="氧化物及其他無機化合物">氧化物及其他無機化合物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：氧化物及其他無機化合物">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>H</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/373648858d1d59d300f88386b46dd95e01f04c5a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.605ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {H2O}}}">）是一種<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="氫">氫</a>的氧化物。水分子中，兩粒氫原子與氧形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%83%B9%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="共價鍵">共價鍵</a>，每粒氫原子又與另一粒水分子中的氧原子相吸，是為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="氫鍵">氫鍵</a>（每氫原子鍵能為23.3 kJ·mol−1）。<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a>由於有這些氫鍵，所以水分子間的距離比純粹以<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8A%9B" title="范德华力">范德華力</a>相吸的情況短15%。<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rust_screw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rust_screw.jpg/220px-Rust_screw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rust_screw.jpg/330px-Rust_screw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Rust_screw.jpg/440px-Rust_screw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>當氧和其他元素結合時，會形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>，如組成<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%94%88" title="铁锈">鐵鏽</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵氧化物">鐵氧化物</a></figcaption></figure> 由於氧的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">電負性</a>高，所以會與幾乎所有元素形成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="化學鍵">化學鍵</a>，形成相應的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="氧化物">氧化物</a>。包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁">鋁</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鈦">鈦</a>在內的大部分金屬，在空氣之中都會在表面形成一層薄薄的氧化物。這使金屬<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%8D%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="鈍化">鈍化</a>，有助減慢<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E8%9D%95" class="mw-redirect" title="腐蝕">腐蝕</a>作用。大多數<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B8%A1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="過渡金屬">過渡金屬</a>的氧化物都屬於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%95%B4%E6%AF%94%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="非整比化合物">非整比化合物</a>，其金屬比例低於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學式">化學式</a>中所示。例如，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%9A%E9%93%81" title="氧化亚铁">氧化亞鐵</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" title="方铁矿">方鐵礦</a>）的化學式為<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe_{1-x}O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>x</mtext> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe_{1-x}O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7570339df0f99e987ca24c517144f87b2c579b40" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:7.946ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe_{1-x}O}}}">，其中<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>x</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/143c2169a04f2e86fbda25e5937fcbb028356c93" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.227ex; height:1.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {x}}}">通常為0.05左右。<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A2%B3" title="二氧化碳">二氧化碳</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c3ed885c7553085f5d3a2bb0a63616656248699d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.54ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CO2}}}">）是地球大氣中的微量氣體。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地球地壳">地球地殼</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%A9%E7%9F%B3" title="岩石">岩石</a>有一大部分由各種金屬的氧化物組成，包括：<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">二氧化硅</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3327aacf25f8b223287c0ed07fa33e69effd008a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.802ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2}}}">），可見於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%B4%97%E5%B2%A9" title="花崗岩">花崗岩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%8B%B1" title="石英">石英</a>等；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%9D" title="氧化铝">氧化铝</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Al2O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Al</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Al2O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/530549686f2c1e63ce108800e173bc0b2ebdc6d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.307ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Al2O3}}}">），可見於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E5%9C%9F%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鋁土礦">鋁土礦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E7%8E%89" title="剛玉">剛玉</a>等；<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81" title="氧化铁">氧化铁</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe2O3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Fe</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe2O3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/67387a48fd62de5da7e938c251a11ca99738e18f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.467ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Fe2O3}}}">），可見於<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%90%B5%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="赤鐵礦">赤鐵礦</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%94%88" title="铁锈">鐵鏽</a>等；<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%88%A3" title="碳酸鈣">碳酸鈣</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>CaCO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/443620def2cf998ae0099d9393c1013268b05081" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:7.381ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {CaCO3}}}">），可見於<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%81%B0%E5%B2%A9" title="石灰岩">石灰岩</a>等。除此之外，還有由各種複雜<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="矽酸鹽">矽酸鹽</a>組成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90%E7%9F%BF%E7%89%A9" title="硅酸盐矿物">矽酸鹽礦物</a>。質量遠比地殼大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%B9%94" title="地幔">地幔</a>主要由<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵">鐵</a>的各種矽酸鹽所組成。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E8%A7%A3%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="溶解性">可水溶</a>稀酸鹽，包括<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na4SiO4}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na4SiO4}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/59bc9d13385ac8145161a7d6e3f3a770f892ab04" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.762ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na4SiO4}}}">、<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SiO3}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>SiO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SiO3}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/42e50f7ea4f7444288153dbff364245d9c735a6b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.762ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2SiO3}}}">和<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2Si2O5}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>Na</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>Si</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2Si2O5}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0b3a45c4c86f682e011970e01c04352aafe9ad67" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:9.816ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2Si2O5}}}">，可用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E5%89%82" title="清洁剂">清潔劑</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E5%90%88%E5%89%82" title="黏合剂">黏合劑</a>。<a href="#cite_note-ECE507-113">[109]</a> 氧可以做過渡金屬的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E9%AB%94" title="配體">配體</a>，形成過渡金屬<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B0%A7%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="双氧配合物">雙氧配合物</a>（化學式為「金屬–O 2」）。含<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E5%9F%BA%E8%B3%AA" title="血基質">血基質</a>的蛋白質──<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="血紅蛋白">血紅蛋白</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%8C%E7%B4%85%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="肌紅蛋白">肌紅蛋白</a>──都屬於此類化合物。<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%93%82" title="六氟化铂">六氟化鉑</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {PtF6}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>PtF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {PtF6}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2371147dd0324c07b12faf2c97b6a63612228d9f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:5.06ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {PtF6}}}">）會和氧發生特殊的反應，把氧氧化成<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2+PtF6-}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mtext>PtF</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2+PtF6-}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b0b9d574d98bf9cd72c17809ebf49b540ca35eb8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:8.835ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2+PtF6-}}}">。<a href="#cite_note-ECE505-115">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="有機化合物及生物分子">有機化合物及生物分子</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：有機化合物及生物分子">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Acetone-3D-vdW.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acetone-3D-vdW.png/220px-Acetone-3D-vdW.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acetone-3D-vdW.png/330px-Acetone-3D-vdW.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Acetone-3D-vdW.png/440px-Acetone-3D-vdW.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="丙酮">丙酮</a>是重要的化工原料。圖為丙酮分子的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%A1%AB%E5%85%85%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="空間填充模型">空間填充模型</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  氧</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  碳</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend">  氫</div> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ATP_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATP_structure.svg/220px-ATP_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATP_structure.svg/330px-ATP_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/ATP_structure.svg/440px-ATP_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="722" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a>分子的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="分子量">分子量</a>中，氧元素佔超過40%</figcaption></figure> 許多重要的有機化合物類別都含有氧原子，包括（「<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0cc62e6f7df24645658eb13f4f5cbad4afaf967" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.711ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R}}}">」代表有機官能團）：<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%87" title="醇">醇</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -OH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -OH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e3bd05fb7f4c277dfabdc380894732751b1b5e58" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:7.07ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -OH}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚">醚</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -O -R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -O -R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2cfcc2c453af582e36906750e42e2a60dc02f5d2" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:8.846ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -O -R}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AE" title="酮">酮</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d91e04ecb303ddf7c97312f892016d856690edfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.524ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -R}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9B" title="醛">醛</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -H}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>H</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -H}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8006878f2b82cbb0ea71fd9adc3fcd01cb6e7648" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.556ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -H}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A7%E9%85%B8" title="羧酸">羧酸</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COOH}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>COOH</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COOH}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/87aecd6f9dfc3c16e9db4b1d9722e1b1a88b347e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:10.556ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COOH}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AF" title="酯">酯</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COO -R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>COO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COO -R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b4bdde1cc9c160477b240508ea684e8091ddf377" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:12.332ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -COO -R}}}">）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%85%90" title="酸酐">酸酐</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -O -CO -R}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>CO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>R</mtext> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -O -CO -R}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4f5a2a91a94218caa1c844216fa1679ed6b83e9c" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:19.434ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -CO -O -CO -R}}}">）及<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="酰胺">酰胺</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -C(O) -NR2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>R</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>O</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>NR</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {R -C(O) -NR2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/adfe29adb8542f1a95f8700dbcbe72ba18dc60f5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:15.13ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {R -C(O) -NR2}}}">）。許多重要的有機<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="溶劑">溶劑</a>也含有氧，包括：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%99%E9%85%AE" title="丙酮">丙酮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%87" title="甲醇">甲醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87" title="乙醇">乙醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/2-%E4%B8%99%E9%86%87" title="2-丙醇">2-丙醇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%8B%E5%96%83" title="呋喃">呋喃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%A2%E5%91%8B%E5%96%83" title="四氢呋喃">THF</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9A" title="乙醚">乙醚</a>、<a href="/wiki/1,4-%E4%BA%8C%E5%99%81%E7%83%B7" title="1,4-二噁烷">1,4-二噁烷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E4%B9%99%E9%85%AF" title="乙酸乙酯">乙酸乙酯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%94%B2%E9%86%AF%E8%83%BA" title="二甲基甲醯胺">DMF</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%9E%E7%A2%B8" title="二甲基亞碸">DMSO</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" title="乙酸">乙酸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8" title="甲酸">甲酸</a>。其他含氧的重要有機化合物有：<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9" title="甘油">甘油</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%86%9B" title="甲醛">甲醛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8A%E4%BA%8C%E9%86%9B" title="戊二醛">戊二醛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%B8%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" title="檸檬酸">檸檬酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E9%85%90" title="乙酸酐">乙酸酐</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B0%E8%83%BA" title="乙酰胺">乙酰胺</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="环氧化合物">環氧化合物</a>是含有氧三元環的<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%9A" title="醚">醚</a>類化合物。 氧可以和很多有機化合物在室溫或更低溫度發生自發反應，這稱為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96" title="自然氧化">自然氧化</a>。<a href="#cite_note-ECE506-116">[112]</a>大部分含氧有機化合物都可以通過直接與<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">反應來合成。在工業和商業上以這種方法製成的有機化合物包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%B0%A7%E4%B9%99%E7%83%B7" title="环氧乙烷">環氧乙烷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧乙酸">過氧乙酸</a>等。<a href="#cite_note-ECE507-113">[109]</a> 幾乎所有<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="生物分子">生物分子</a>都含有氧原子。只有少數複雜生物分子不含氧，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%A8%E7%83%AF" title="鲨烯">鯊烯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%98%BF%E8%94%94%E7%B4%A0" title="胡蘿蔔素">胡蘿蔔素</a>。在生物學中起到重要作用的有機化合物中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%B0%B4%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="碳水化合物">碳水化合物</a>的含氧質量比例最高。所有<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA" title="脂肪">脂肪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%82%E8%82%AA%E9%85%B8" title="脂肪酸">脂肪酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A8%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%B8" title="氨基酸">氨基酸</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="蛋白質">蛋白質</a>都含氧原子（因為均含有<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA" title="羰基">羰基</a>）。氧還出現在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="磷酸鹽">磷酸鹽</a>（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {PO4^{3-}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>PO</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {PO4^{3-}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1e5152e4d6114af5ad934d97d0e250cfa6703910" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:6.111ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {PO4^{3-}}}}">）中，是承載能量的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="三磷酸腺苷">ATP</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E8%85%BA%E8%8B%B7" title="二磷酸腺苷">ADP</a>分子的組成部分；在<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="嘌呤">嘌呤</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BA%E5%98%8C%E5%91%A4" title="腺嘌呤">腺嘌呤</a>除外）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%98%A7%E5%95%B6" title="嘧啶">嘧啶</a>中，形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="核糖核酸">RNA</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%B1%E6%B0%A7%E6%A0%B8%E7%B3%96%E6%A0%B8%E9%85%B8" title="脱氧核糖核酸">DNA</a>；以及在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99" title="磷酸钙">磷酸鈣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A5%E7%A3%B7%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" title="羥磷灰石">羥磷灰石</a>中，形成骨骼。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="安全">安全</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：安全">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">氧 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/200px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/300px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg/400px-Liquid_oxygen_in_a_beaker_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="876" data-file-height="1068" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS危险性符号</a> <a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中氧化性物质的标签图案"><img alt="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中氧化性物质的标签图案" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-rondflam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="724" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS危险说明">H-术语</a> </td> <td>H272 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E9%98%B2%E8%8C%83%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS防范说明">P-术语</a> </td> <td>P220, P244, P370+376, P403 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div title="可燃性" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 3px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="健康" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="反應性" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;">1</div> <div title="其它危險" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 44px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> 美國<a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a>標準將壓縮氧氣評為一種對健康無害、非易燃、反應活性低的氧化劑。由於凝結的氧氣會增加患<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%A7%E8%A1%80%E7%97%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高氧血症（页面不存在）">高氧血症</a>的風險，低溫液體自身也有造成凍傷的危險，因此低溫液氧的健康危害評級為3；其他方面的評級則與壓縮氧氣相同。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="毒性">毒性</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：毒性">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="氧气中毒">氧氣中毒</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg/300px-Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg/450px-Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg/600px-Symptoms_of_oxygen_toxicity_zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>氧氣中毒的症狀<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scuba-diving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Scuba-diving.jpg/220px-Scuba-diving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Scuba-diving.jpg/330px-Scuba-diving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Scuba-diving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>當吸入至肺部的氧氣分壓超過正常的<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84583234">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2+1⁄2時，便會發生氧氣中毒。這種情況會在較深的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BA%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="水肺潛水">水肺潛水</a>時發生</figcaption></figure> 當氧氣（<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mspace width="0pt" height="0pt" depth=".2em" /> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a8c2c304a17b2fe1e4a79afb22d531d90f9c5ad1" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:2.862ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\ce {O2}}}">）的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93%E5%88%86%E5%8E%8B" title="气体分压">氣體分壓</a>較高時，會導致<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92" title="氧气中毒">氧氣中毒</a>，造成痙攣等症狀。<a href="#cite_note-Acott-96">[92]</a>由於氧氣的分壓是氧氣比例和總氣壓之積，所以在呼吸氣體中增加氧氣比例，或者增加正常呼吸氣體的壓力，都會提高氧氣分壓。<a href="#cite_note-ECE511-118">[114]</a>氧氣中毒一般在氧氣分壓超過50<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">kPa</a>時發生，相等於在標準壓力下含氧量為50%（在海平面上正常空氣中的氧氣分壓為21kPa）。醫用氧氣面罩所提供的氧氣體積比例在30%和50%之間（在標準壓力下分壓約為30kPa），所以除使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E6%A9%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="機械呼吸機（页面不存在）">機械呼吸機</a>的情況以外，都不會有氧氣中毒的危險。<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E7%94%A2" title="早產">早產</a>嬰兒曾經會被放進富含氧氣的保溫箱，但因含氧量過高，一些嬰兒因此失明。自此，醫院已不再使用這種治療方法。<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a> 一些現代宇航服以及早期航天器（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%B9" title="阿波羅太空船">阿波羅太空船</a>）都以純氧作為呼吸氣體。由於總氣壓較低，所以這並無健康危害。<a href="#cite_note-pmid11541018-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a>宇航服中的氧氣分壓約為30kPa（正常水平的1.4倍），而宇航員動脈血氧分壓則比在海平面時的水平略高。 <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%82%BA%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4" title="水肺潛水">水肺潛水</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E9%9D%A2%E4%BE%9B%E6%B0%A3%E6%BD%9B%E6%B0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水面供氣潛水（页面不存在）">水面供氣潛水</a>時，也有可能發生氧氣中毒，對肺部和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%A8%9E%E7%A5%9E%E7%B6%93%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="中樞神經系統">中樞神經系統</a>造成危害。<a href="#cite_note-NBB299-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Acott-96">[92]</a>持續呼吸氧氣分壓超過60kPa的氣體，會導致永久性<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BA%96%E7%B6%AD%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="肺纖維化">肺纖維化</a>。<a href="#cite_note-BMJ-120">[116]</a>當氧氣分壓超過160kPa（約1.6倍大氣壓）時，會引致痙攣，這對潛水員來說通常是致命的。在66米或更深的水中呼吸含21%氧氣的空氣，或在6米深處呼吸100%純氧，即會引致急性氧氣中毒。<a href="#cite_note-BMJ-120">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Donald-121">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-Donald1-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-Donald2-123">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="燃燒及其他危害">燃燒及其他危害</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：燃燒及其他危害">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_1_fire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Apollo_1_fire.jpg/220px-Apollo_1_fire.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Apollo_1_fire.jpg/330px-Apollo_1_fire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Apollo_1_fire.jpg/440px-Apollo_1_fire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2702" /></a><figcaption>意外後的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%851%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波羅1號">阿波羅1號</a>指令艙。一次火花點燃了艙內壓力高於正常值的純氧，引發火災。全體機組員喪生</figcaption></figure> 高濃度氧氣可助燃。氧化劑和<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="燃料">燃料</a>聚集，便有起火或爆炸的危險。要觸發燃燒反應，須有熱源或火花。<a href="#cite_note-Weiss2008-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-astm-tpt-124">[120]</a>雖然氧氣是氧化劑，而不是燃料，但在燃燒過程中，它所釋放的化學能卻最多。<a href="#cite_note-Weiss2008-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-Rohr2015-32">[32]</a>氧化電位較高的氧化合物可以在反應過程中提供氧原子，因此也有燃燒的危險，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧化物">過氧化物</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="氯酸鹽">氯酸鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="硝酸鹽">硝酸鹽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%B0%AF%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="高氯酸鹽">高氯酸鹽</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="過氧化物">過氧化物</a>等。 儲存及運輸氧氣及液氧的鋼製管道及容器也可以做燃燒反應的燃料，所以須經過特殊訓練才能設計和生產氧氣系統，盡可能避免產生火花。<a href="#cite_note-astm-tpt-124">[120]</a>1967年，美國<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%851%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波羅1號">阿波羅1號</a>在發射台測試時發生火災，全體宇航員喪生。當時艙內充滿的純氧，壓力並非一般任務所用的正常壓力三分之一，而是稍高於大氣壓力，促使火焰快速蔓延，直至失控。<a href="#cite_note-126">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-chiles-127">[122]</a> 在處理液氧時，一旦液氧濺起並滲入<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9D%90" title="木材">木材</a>、石化製品、<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92" title="瀝青">瀝青</a>等有機物中，這些物質會在碰撞下有不可預見的爆炸反應。<a href="#cite_note-astm-tpt-124">[120]</a>液氧與其他低溫液體一樣，若皮膚、眼睛等器官與之直接接觸，會有凍傷的危險。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%BA%E6%B0%A7" title="缺氧">缺氧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="Category:氧化合物">氧化合物</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84365013">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/21px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/32px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/42px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:化學">化學主題</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/14px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/21px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/28px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:醫學">醫學主題</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r76343763">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 0.5em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">氧在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目">姊妹项目</a>：</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" />维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/%E6%B0%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/氧">字词解释</a></li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" />维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Oxygen" class="extiw" title="c:Oxygen">多媒体资源</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋">注釋</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：注釋">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> 只考慮距離地表80公里以內的大氣 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> 在藻類和植物中，類囊體為<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%B6%A0%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="葉綠體">葉綠體</a>的一部分；在藍綠菌中，類囊體只是眾多膜結構中的一種。事實上，科學家認為，曾經與植物及藻類的始祖形成共生關係的藍綠菌，經過演化後成為了它們體內的葉綠體。 </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> 水的氧化作用由一種含<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="錳">錳</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B6" title="酶">酶</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="配合物">配合物</a>所催化。這種酶配合物稱為「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%A2%E6%B0%A7%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="產氧配合物（页面不存在）">產氧配合物</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/oxygen-evolving_complex" class="extiw" title="en:oxygen-evolving complex">oxygen-evolving complex</a>）」（OEC）或「分水配合物」，位於類囊體膜上靠體腔的一面。錳是一種重要的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%94%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="輔因子">輔因子</a>；反應另需<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鈣">鈣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯</a>。<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-mmHg-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mmHg_73-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mmHg_73-1">4.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mmHg_73-2">4.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mmHg_73-3">4.3</a> 用0.133322 kPa/mmHg的數值換算而得 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> 不過，事後調查並未找到單個起火點，亦有證據顯示火花來自電弧。<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料">參考資料</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：參考資料">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)</a>. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">ISSN 1365-3075</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weast, Robert. CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. 1984: E110. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8493-0464-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-8493-0464-4">ISBN 0-8493-0464-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=1984&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.pages=E110&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/oxygen/electronegativity.html">WebElements: the periodic table on the web – Oxygen: electronegativities</a>. WebElements.com. [2011-11-07]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111104183809/http://www.webelements.com/oxygen/electronegativity.html">存档</a>于2011-11-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=WebElements%3A+the+periodic+table+on+the+web+%E2%80%93+Oxygen%3A+electronegativities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=WebElements.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Foxygen%2Felectronegativity.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NBB297-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBB297_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB297_4-1">4.1</a> <a href="#Reference-idEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, p.297 </li> <li id="cite_note-lanl-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lanl_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lanl_5-1">5.1</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708050957/http://periodic.lanl.gov/8.shtml">Oxygen</a>. Los Alamos National Laboratory. [2017-07-14]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/8.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2017-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=Oxygen&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2F8.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070410165310/http://daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/elterr.html">Elements, Terrestrial Abundance</a>. www.daviddarling.info. [2007-04-14]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/E/elterr.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=Elements%2C+Terrestrial+Abundance&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=www.daviddarling.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daviddarling.info%2Fencyclopedia%2FE%2Felterr.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE500-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-0">7.00</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-1">7.01</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-2">7.02</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-3">7.03</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-4">7.04</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-5">7.05</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-6">7.06</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-7">7.07</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-8">7.08</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE500_7-9">7.09</a> <a href="#Reference-idCook1968">Cook & Lauer 1968</a>, p.500 </li> <li id="cite_note-mellor-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mellor_8-0">8.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mellor_8-1">8.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mellor_8-2">8.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mellor_8-3">8.3</a> <cite class="citation book">Parks, G. 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London: Longmans, Green and Co. 1939.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.au=Mellor%2C+J.+W.&rft.aufirst=G.+D.&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.btitle=Mellor%27s+Modern+Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.date=1939&rft.edition=6th&rft.genre=book&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green+and+Co.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation book">潘吉星. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=iCysUZmwK2UC&pg=PA525">中外科學之交流</a>. 中文大學出版社. 1993 [2017-07-13]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/962-201-548-4" title="Special:网络书源/962-201-548-4">ISBN 962-201-548-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005044/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=iCysUZmwK2UC&pg=PA525">存档</a>于2017-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.au=%E6%BD%98%E5%90%89%E6%98%9F&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%A4%E6%B5%81&rft.date=1993&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=962-201-548-4&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiCysUZmwK2UC%26pg%3DPA525&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/meancompare/6C27/6C31">異體字「氧」和「氱」的字義比較</a>. 中央研究院. [2017-07-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021207/http://chardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw/meancompare/6C27/6C31">存档</a>于2017-11-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=%E7%95%B0%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97%E3%80%8C%E6%B0%A7%E3%80%8D%E5%92%8C%E3%80%8C%E6%B0%B1%E3%80%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E7%BE%A9%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchardb.iis.sinica.edu.tw%2Fmeancompare%2F6C27%2F6C31&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070613121048/http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/help/background/atmosphere/erosion.html">Atomic oxygen erosion</a>. [2009-08-08]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spenvis.oma.be/spenvis/help/background/atmosphere/erosion.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-06-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=Atomic+oxygen+erosion&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spenvis.oma.be%2Fspenvis%2Fhelp%2Fbackground%2Fatmosphere%2Ferosion.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jastrow, Joseph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=tRUO45YfCHwC&pg=PA171&lpg=PA171">Story of Human Error</a>. Ayer Publishing. 1936: 171. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8369-0568-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-8369-0568-7">ISBN 0-8369-0568-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Jastrow&rft.btitle=Story+of+Human+Error&rft.date=1936&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8369-0568-7&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Ayer+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DtRUO45YfCHwC%26pg%3DPA171%26lpg%3DPA171&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-ECE499-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ECE499_13-0">13.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE499_13-1">13.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE499_13-2">13.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE499_13-3">13.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ECE499_13-4">13.4</a> <a href="#Reference-idCook1968">Cook & Lauer 1968</a>, p.499. </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-0">14.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_14-1">14.1</a> <cite class="citation book">Britannica contributors. John REG5EXow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174823/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/John_REG5EXow">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> 11th. 1911 [2007-12-16]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/John_REG5EXow">原始内容</a>存档于2020-03-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=John+REG5EXow&rft.au=%27%27Britannica%27%27+contributors&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1911&rft.edition=11th&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1911encyclopedia.org%2FJohn_REG5EXow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-WoC-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WoC_15-0">15.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WoC_15-1">15.1</a> <cite class="citation book">World of Chemistry contributors. John REG5EXow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookrags.com/John_REG5EXow">World of Chemistry</a>. Thomson Gale. 2005 [2007-12-16]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-669-32727-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-669-32727-1">ISBN 0-669-32727-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=John+REG5EXow&rft.au=%27%27World+of+Chemistry%27%27+contributors&rft.btitle=World+of+Chemistry&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-669-32727-1&rft.pub=Thomson+Gale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookrags.com%2FJohn_REG5EXow&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接">永久失效連結</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-NBB299-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-0">16.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-1">16.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-2">16.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-3">16.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-4">16.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB299_16-5">16.5</a> <a href="#Reference-idEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, p.299 </li> <li id="cite_note-morris-17"><a href="#cite_ref-morris_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Morris, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastsorcererspat0000morr_r6w0">The last sorcerers: The path from alchemy to the periodic table</a>. 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REG9EX 19–21, 2005 [2007-01-22]. 9022. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229194925/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/ess2005/pdf/9022.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2010-12-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Nucleosynthesis+and+Galactic+Chemical+Evolution+of+the+Isotopes+of+Oxygen&rft.aufirst=B.+S.&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.chron=REG9EX+19%E2%80%9321%2C+2005&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+NASA+Cosmochemistry+Program+and+the+Lunar+and+Planetary+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Fess2005%2Fpdf%2F9022.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NUDAT-13O-51"><a href="#cite_ref-NUDAT-13O_51-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=13O&unc=nds">NUDAT 13O</a>. [2009-07-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924161826/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=13O&unc=nds">存档</a>于2008-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=NUDAT+13O&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2Fdecaysearchdirect.jsp%3Fnuc%3D13O%26unc%3Dnds&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NUDAT-14O-52"><a href="#cite_ref-NUDAT-14O_52-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=14O&unc=nds">NUDAT 14O</a>. [2009-07-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080924151512/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=14O&unc=nds">存档</a>于2008-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=NUDAT+14O&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2Fdecaysearchdirect.jsp%3Fnuc%3D14O%26unc%3Dnds&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NUDAT-15O-53"><a href="#cite_ref-NUDAT-15O_53-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=15O&unc=nds">NUDAT 15O</a>. [2009-07-06]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721052246/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/decaysearchdirect.jsp?nuc=15O&unc=nds">存档</a>于2011-07-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.btitle=NUDAT+15O&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Fnudat2%2Fdecaysearchdirect.jsp%3Fnuc%3D15O%26unc%3Dnds&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-croswell-54"><a href="#cite_ref-croswell_54-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Croswell, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513233910/http://www.kencroswell.com/alchemy.html">Alchemy of the Heavens</a>. Anchor. REG2EX 1996 [2017-07-13]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-385-47214-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-385-47214-5">ISBN 0-385-47214-5</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kencroswell.com/alchemy.html">原始内容</a>存档于2011-05-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft.aulast=Croswell&rft.btitle=Alchemy+of+the+Heavens&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-385-47214-5&rft.pub=Anchor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkencroswell.com%2Falchemy.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-NBB298-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBB298_55-0">55.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB298_55-1">55.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB298_55-2">55.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB298_55-3">55.3</a> <a href="#Reference-idEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, p.298 </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> 取自H.W. Harvey, The Chemistry and Fertility of Sea Waters, 1955，引用C.J.J. Fox, "On the coefficients of absorption of atmospheric gases in sea water", Publ. Circ. Cons. Explor. Mer, no. 41, 1907。Harvey注釋稱，根據《自然》雜誌上的論文，該數值比正確數值高出3%左右。 </li> <li id="cite_note-NBB301-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-0">57.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-1">57.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-2">57.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-3">57.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-4">57.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB301_58-5">57.5</a> <a href="#Reference-idEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, p.301 </li> <li id="cite_note-NBB304-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NBB304_59-0">58.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NBB304_59-1">58.1</a> <a href="#Reference-idEmsley2001">Emsley 2001</a>, p.304 </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hand, Eric. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080313/full/452259a.html">The Solar System's first breath</a>. Nature. 2008-03-13, 452 (7185): 259 [2009-03-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Natur.452..259H">Bibcode:2008Natur.452..259H</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354437">PMID 18354437</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F452259a">doi:10.1038/452259a</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331222702/http://www.nature.com/news/2008/080313/full/452259a.html">存档</a>于2009-03-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=The+Solar+System%27s+first+breath&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.aulast=Hand&rft.date=2008-03-13&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7185&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=259&rft.volume=452&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnews%2F2008%2F080313%2Ffull%2F452259a.html&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Natur.452..259H&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F452259a&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18354437&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation conference">Miller, J. R.; Berger, M.; Alonso, L.; Cerovic, Z.; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1293855&isnumber=28601">Progress on the development of an integrated canopy fluorescence model</a>. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2003. IGARSS '03. Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International. [2008-01-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011075308/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1293855&isnumber=28601">存档</a>于2007-10-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Progress+on+the+development+of+an+integrated+canopy+fluorescence+model&rft.au=Alonso%2C+L.&rft.au=Berger%2C+M.&rft.au=Cerovic%2C+Z.&rft.au=Goulas%2C+Y.&rft.au=Jacquemoud%2C+S.&rft.au=Louis%2C+J.&rft.au=Mohammed%2C+G.&rft.au=Moreno%2C+J.F.&rft.au=Moya%2C+I.&rft.au=Pedros%2C+R.&rft.au=Verhoef%2C+W.&rft.au=Zarco-Tejada%2C+P.J.&rft.aufirst=J.+R.&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Geoscience+and+Remote+Sensing+Symposium%2C+2003.+IGARSS+%2703.+Proceedings.+2003+IEEE+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpl%2Ffreeabs_all.jsp%3Ftp%3D%26arnumber%3D1293855%26isnumber%3D28601&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Fenical, William. Marine Plants: A Unique and Unexplored Resource. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/?id=g6RfkqCUQyQC&pg=PA147">Plants: the potentials for extracting protein, medicines, and other useful chemicals (workshop proceedings)</a>. DIANE Publishing. REG9EX 1983: 147. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4289-2397-7" title="Special:网络书源/1-4289-2397-7">ISBN 1-4289-2397-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Marine+Plants%3A+A+Unique+and+Unexplored+Resource&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Fenical&rft.btitle=Plants%3A+the+potentials+for+extracting+protein%2C+medicines%2C+and+other+useful+chemicals+%28workshop+proceedings%29&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=1-4289-2397-7&rft.pages=147&rft.pub=DIANE+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dg6RfkqCUQyQC%26pg%3DPA147&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Walker, J. C. G. The oxygen cycle in the natural environment and the biogeochemical cycles. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=J.+C.+G.&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.btitle=The+oxygen+cycle+in+the+natural+environment+and+the+biogeochemical+cycles&rft.date=1980&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Brown, Theodore L.; LeREG5EX, Burslen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studentlectureno00theo">Chemistry: The Central Science</a>. Prentice Hall/Pearson Education. 2003: 958. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-13-048450-4" title="Special:网络书源/0-13-048450-4">ISBN 0-13-048450-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.au=LeREG5EX%2C+Burslen&rft.aufirst=Theodore+L.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=Chemistry%3A+The+Central+Science&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-13-048450-4&rft.pages=958&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall%2FPearson+Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudentlectureno00theo&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Raven-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Raven_66-0">64.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Raven_66-1">64.1</a> <a href="#Reference-idRaven2005">Raven 2005</a>, 115–27 </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <a href="#Reference-idRaven2005">Raven 2005</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid20370908-69"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid20370908_69-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Danovaro R; Dell'anno A; Pusceddu A; Gambi C; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/30">The first metazoa living in permanently anoxic conditions</a>. 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REG4EX 2010, 8 (1): 30 [2017-07-13]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2907586">PMC 2907586</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20370908">PMID 20370908</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1741-7007-8-30">doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-30</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121113413/http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7007/8/30/">存档</a>于2015-11-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=The+first+metazoa+living+in+permanently+anoxic+conditions&rft.au=Danovaro+R&rft.au=Dell%27anno+A&rft.au=Gambi+C&rft.au=Heiner+I&rft.au=Kristensen+RM&rft.au=Pusceddu+A&rft.chron=REG4EX+2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biology&rft.pages=30&rft.volume=8&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2907586&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biomedcentral.com%2F1741-7007%2F8%2F30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1741-7007-8-30&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20370908&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E8%8E%B7%E5%8F%96" title="开放获取文献，可免费阅读"><img alt="开放获取" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFWardBrownlee2000" class="citation book">Ward, Peter D.; Brownlee, Donald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rareearthwhycomp00ward">Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe</a>. 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Oxygen and the Diver. England: SPA in conjunction with K. Donald. 1992. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-85421-176-5" title="Special:网络书源/1-85421-176-5">ISBN 1-85421-176-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.aulast=Donald&rft.btitle=Oxygen+and+the+Diver&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-85421-176-5&rft.place=England&rft.pub=SPA+in+conjunction+with+K.+Donald&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Donald1-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Donald1_122-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Donald K. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2053251">Oxygen Poisoning in Man: Part I</a>. Br Med J. 1947, 1 (4506): 667–72. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2053251">PMC 2053251</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20248086">PMID 20248086</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4506.667">doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4506.667</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Oxygen+Poisoning+in+Man%3A+Part+I&rft.au=Donald+K.+W.&rft.date=1947&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4506&rft.jtitle=Br+Med+J&rft.pages=667-72&rft.volume=1&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2053251&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2053251&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4506.667&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20248086&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Donald2-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Donald2_123-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Donald K. W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2053400">Oxygen Poisoning in Man: Part II</a>. Br Med J. 1947, 1 (4507): 712–7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2053400">PMC 2053400</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20248096">PMID 20248096</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4507.712">doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4507.712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Oxygen+Poisoning+in+Man%3A+Part+II&rft.au=Donald+K.+W.&rft.date=1947&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4507&rft.jtitle=Br+Med+J&rft.pages=712-7&rft.volume=1&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2053400&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2053400&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.1.4507.712&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20248096&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-astm-tpt-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-astm-tpt_124-0">120.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-astm-tpt_124-1">120.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-astm-tpt_124-2">120.2</a> <cite class="citation conference">Werley, Barry L. (编). ASTM Technical Professional training. Fire Hazards in Oxygen Systems (Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99%E5%92%8C%E8%A9%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國材料和試驗協會">ASTM International</a> Subcommittee G-4.05). 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=ASTM+Technical+Professional+training&rft.aufirst=Barry+L.&rft.aulast=Werley&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Fire+Hazards+in+Oxygen+Systems&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Report of Apollo 204 Review Board NASA Historical Reference Collection, NASA History Office, NASA HQ, Washington, DC </li> <li id="cite_note-chiles-127"><a href="#cite_ref-chiles_127-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Chiles, James R. Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the edge of Technology: An inside look at catastrophes and why they happen. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. 2001. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-06-662082-1" title="Special:网络书源/0-06-662082-1">ISBN 0-06-662082-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.aulast=Chiles&rft.btitle=Inviting+Disaster%3A+Lessons+from+the+edge+of+Technology%3A+An+inside+look+at+catastrophes+and+why+they+happen&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-06-662082-1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="引用">引用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：引用">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><cite id="Reference-idCook1968" class="citation book">Cook, Gerhard A.; Lauer, Carol M. Oxygen. Clifford A. Hampel (编). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp">The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements</a>. New York: Reinhold Book Corporation. 1968: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00hamp/page/499">499</a>–512. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/68-29938">LCCN 68-29938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Oxygen&rft.au=Lauer%2C+Carol+M.&rft.aufirst=Gerhard+A.&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Chemical+Elements&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=499-512&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Reinhold+Book+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofch00hamp&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68-29938&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Reference-idEmsley2001" class="citation book">Emsley, John. Oxygen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a>. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 2001: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/297">297</a>–304. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-850340-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-850340-7">ISBN 0-19-850340-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.atitle=Oxygen&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-19-850340-7&rft.pages=297-304&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnaturesbuildingb0000emsl&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Reference-idRaven2005" class="citation book">Raven, Peter H.; Evert, Ray F.; Eichhorn, Susan E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyofplants00rave_0">Biology of Plants</a> 7th. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company Publishers. 2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/biologyofplants00rave_0/page/115">115</a>–27. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-7167-1007-2" title="Special:网络书源/0-7167-1007-2">ISBN 0-7167-1007-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B0%A7&rft.au=Eichhorn%2C+Susan+E.&rft.au=Evert%2C+Ray+F.&rft.aufirst=Peter+H.&rft.aulast=Raven&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Plants&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=7th&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-7167-1007-2&rft.pages=115-27&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman+and+Company+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiologyofplants00rave_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A7&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素氧在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/8.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/O.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 氧</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/008.htm">氧</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素氧在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=O">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/index.html">WebElements.com – 氧</a>（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/008.htm">Oxygen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170719015039/http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/008.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） at The Periodic Table of Videos（<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E4%B8%81%E6%BC%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="諾丁漢大學">諾丁漢大學</a>）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/oxygen.shtm">Oxidizing Agents > Oxygen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170718174752/http://www.organic-chemistry.org/chemicals/oxidations/oxygen.shtm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（以氧氣為氧化劑的化學反應彙編）（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/index.html">WebElements.com – Oxygen</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080516055211/http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/O/index.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）（英文）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="扩展元素周期表">扩展元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="同位素列表">同位素列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="地球的地殼元素豐度列表">地球的地殼元素豐度列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">元素列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Template talk:雙原子分子"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%9B%99%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:雙原子分子"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="以雙原子分子形式存在的元素單質" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">雙原子分子</a>形式存在的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">元素</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">常見</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%B0%A3" title="氮氣">氮氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">O2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E6%B0%94" title="氟气">氟气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%B4" title="双原子溴">溴氣</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%98" title="双原子碘">碘氣</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">罕见</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氦二聚体">氦二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%8B%B0" title="二鋰">二鋰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E7%A2%B3" title="双原子碳">双原子碳</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93" title="氖二聚体">氖二聚体</a> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%88%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二鈉（页面不存在）">二鈉</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disodium" class="extiw" title="fr:Disodium">Disodium</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A3%B7" title="二磷">二磷</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB" title="二硫">二硫</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A9%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氩二聚体（页面不存在）">氩二聚体</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dim%C3%A8re_d%27argon" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimère d'argon">Dimère d'argon</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铬</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二铷（页面不存在）">二铷</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dirubidium" class="extiw" title="en:dirubidium">dirubidium</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%BC%E4%BA%8C%E8%81%9A%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钼二聚体（页面不存在）">钼二聚体</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimolybd%C3%A8ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Dimolybdène">Dimolybdène</a>） <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">钨</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E9%87%8D%E9%94%AE" title="六重键">铀</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">奇異</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;text-align:center;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="雙電子偶素">雙電子偶素</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%81%B6%E7%B4%A0" title="电子偶素">Ps2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1049616/">FAST</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX534245">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977353d">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11977353d">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4051803-6">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555738105171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85096329">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570181">日本</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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