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</div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生平-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关生平子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-和其他化学家的合作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和其他化学家的合作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>和其他化学家的合作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和其他化学家的合作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定居雪平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定居雪平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>定居雪平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定居雪平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科学贡献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科学贡献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>科学贡献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-科学贡献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关科学贡献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-科学贡献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-发现和提纯多种有机物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发现和提纯多种有机物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>发现和提纯多种有机物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发现和提纯多种有机物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发现氧气与氯气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发现氧气与氯气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>发现氧气与氯气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发现氧气与氯气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-无机化合物研究" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#无机化合物研究"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>无机化合物研究</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-无机化合物研究-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">卡尔·威廉·舍勒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。69种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-69" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">69种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87" title="كارل فلهلم شيله – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارل فلهلم شيله" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="كارل ڤيلهيلم شيلى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كارل ڤيلهيلم شيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Vilhelm_%C5%9Eeyele" title="Karl Vilhelm Şeyele – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karl Vilhelm Şeyele" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="کارل ویلهلم شیله – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارل ویلهلم شیله" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D1%8D%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вільгельм Шэеле – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карл Вільгельм Шэеле" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вилхелм Шееле – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карл Вилхелм Шееле" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87" title="কার্ল ভিলহেল্ম শেলে – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কার্ল ভিলহেল্ম শেলে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87" title="کارل ویلهلم شیله – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارل ویلهلم شیله" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9C_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94" title="קרל וילהלם שלה – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרל וילהלם שלה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="कार्ल विल्हेल्म शीले – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कार्ल विल्हेल्म शीले" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AC_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%B4_%D5%87%D5%A5%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A5" title="Կարլ Վիլհելմ Շեելե – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարլ Վիլհելմ Շեելե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Scheele" title="Carl Scheele – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Carl Scheele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AB%E3%83%98%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC" title="カール・ヴィルヘルム・シェーレ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カール・ヴィルヘルム・シェーレ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A_%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94" title="კარლ ვილჰელმ შეელე – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარლ ვილჰელმ შეელე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вильгельм Шееле – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Карл Вильгельм Шееле" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86" title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಮ್ ಶೀಲೆ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಮ್ ಶೀಲೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EB%B9%8C%ED%97%AC%EB%A6%84_%EC%85%B8%EB%A0%88" title="칼 빌헬름 셸레 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼 빌헬름 셸레" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Scheele" title="Carolus Scheele – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carolus Scheele" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%81rlis_Vilhelms_%C5%A0%C4%93le" title="Kārlis Vilhelms Šēle – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kārlis Vilhelms Šēle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF" title="കാൾ ഷീലി – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാൾ ഷീലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вильхелм Шееле – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Карл Вильхелм Шееле" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="कार्ल विल्हेम शील – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कार्ल विल्हेम शील" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC" title="ကားလ် ဗီဟိမ်း ရှေးလာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကားလ် ဗီဟိမ်း ရှေးလာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Scheele" title="Carl Scheele – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Carl Scheele" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5,_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC" title="Шееле, Карл Вильгельм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шееле, Карл Вильгельм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Vilhelm_%C5%A0ele" title="Karl Vilhelm Šele – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Karl Vilhelm Šele" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86" title="காரல் வில்லெம் சீலெ – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரல் வில்லெம் சீலெ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87" title="కార్ల్ విల్‌హెల్మ్ షీలే – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్ల్ విల్‌హెల్మ్ షీలే" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A5_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD" title="คาร์ล วิลเฮ็ล์ม เชเลอ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาร์ล วิลเฮ็ล์ม เชเลอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D2%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вилһелм Шееле – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Карл Вилһелм Шееле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC_%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%94%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Карл Вільгельм Шеєле – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Карл Вільгельм Шеєле" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡尔·威廉·舍勒" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="卡爾·威廉·舍勒 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡爾·威廉·舍勒" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q70538#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 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class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">卡尔·维廉·舍勒</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CWScheele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/CWScheele.jpg/150px-CWScheele.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/CWScheele.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="236" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">卡尔·威廉·舍勒</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1742年12月9日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%8E%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="瑞典波美拉尼亚">瑞典波美拉尼亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="施特拉尔松德">施特拉尔松德</a>（今属德国）</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1786年5月21日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1786歲—05—21</span>)</span>（43歲）<br /><span class="deathplace">瑞典雪平</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">知名于</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">发现<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%94" title="氧气">氧气</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a>、多种有机酸、<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92%E7%BB%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="舍勒绿">舍勒绿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>卡尔·威廉·席勒</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E8%AA%9E" title="瑞典語">瑞典語</a>：<span lang="sv">Carl Wilhelm Scheele</span>，<small>瑞典语：</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode 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title="钡">钡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">钨</a>等金属元素。他对银盐和氢氟酸的性质的研究有助于摄影术和玻璃工业的发展，还对多种颜料和染料进行了分析。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>舍勒生于瑞属波美拉尼亚的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%BE%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="施特拉尔松德">施特拉尔松德</a>（今属<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>）的一个商人家庭，是家中的第七个孩子。他两岁时父亲破产，十四岁时就到<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="哥德堡">哥德堡</a>给父亲的朋友，一名叫鲍什的药剂师所开设的独角兽药房做学徒。学徒期间，他显露出对化学的浓厚兴趣，广泛阅读化学著作，进行大量的药学和化学实验，以致于鲍什写信给舍勒的父亲说“他把一半睡眠时间用于阅读那些对他来说还过于高深的著作，损害了他的健康。”<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="和其他化学家的合作"><span id=".E5.92.8C.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.A6.E5.AE.B6.E7.9A.84.E5.90.88.E4.BD.9C"></span>和其他化学家的合作</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：和其他化学家的合作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torbern_Bergman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Torbern_Bergman.jpg/150px-Torbern_Bergman.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Torbern_Bergman.jpg/225px-Torbern_Bergman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Torbern_Bergman.jpg/300px-Torbern_Bergman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>索尔本·贝格曼</figcaption></figure> <p>1763年，舍勒通过了学徒结业考试，但仍待在独角兽药房工作。1765年鲍什卖掉了独角兽药房，舍勒来到<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%BB%98" title="马尔默">马尔默</a>的展翅鹰药房工作。他在这里结识了<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%86%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="隆德大学">隆德大学</a>教师<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="安德尔斯·亚罕·雷特泽乌斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anders Jahan Retzius"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%9A%E7%BD%95%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%B3%BD%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="安德尔斯·亚罕·雷特泽乌斯（页面不存在）">安德尔斯·亚罕·雷特泽乌斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Jahan_Retzius" class="extiw" title="en:Anders Jahan Retzius"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anders Jahan Retzius</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1742-1821）。雷特泽乌斯也曾经是一位药剂师，他和舍勒一起做了一些化学实验。在他的影响下，舍勒的实验开始系统化，并认真记下自己的实验记录。 </p><p>1768年舍勒搬到了斯德哥尔摩的渡鸦药房。1770年他到<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%99%AE%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="乌普萨拉">乌普萨拉</a>当药剂师。结识了正在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%99%AE%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="乌普萨拉大学">乌普萨拉大学</a>的学生<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E6%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="约翰·哥特里布·盖恩">约翰·哥特里布·盖恩</a>，盖恩将舍勒介绍给了自己的老师，瑞典著名化学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="索尔本·奥拉夫·贝格曼">索尔本·奥拉夫·贝格曼</a>。贝格曼向舍勒介绍了统治化学界的<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%B4" title="燃素说">燃素说</a>，提高了舍勒的理论水平；而舍勒高超的实验能力也屡屡帮贝格曼解决遇到的难题，两人的合作取得了丰硕成果。1775年从未获得过大学学位，年仅32岁的卡尔·威廉·舍勒被选为瑞典科学院院士<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="定居雪平"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E5.B1.85.E9.9B.AA.E5.B9.B3"></span>定居雪平</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：定居雪平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg/200px-Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg/300px-Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg/400px-Scheeles_apotek_och_bostad_i_K%C3%B6ping..jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>舍勒在雪平经营的药房，同时也是他的居所</figcaption></figure> <p>1775年<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雪平" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Köping, Sweden"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%AA%E5%B9%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="雪平（页面不存在）">雪平</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ping,_Sweden" class="extiw" title="en:Köping, Sweden"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Köping, Sweden</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>的一位药剂师去世，同业公会推选舍勒接任这间药房的经理。舍勒一直也想有一座自己的药房，于是他去了雪平，他以为从此可以有宁静的生活从事实验，在给朋友的信中写道：“你可能会认为各种琐事会困住我，让我远离实验化学，不会的！纯粹的科学一直是我的理想。”但好景不长，舍勒很快发现药房负债累累，药剂师的遗孀和她父亲正计划把药房卖给别人，这让不善处理这种事情的舍勒心情沉闷。但他仍努力工作，同时拒绝了很多到大学任教的邀请<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雪平市的市民认为如果舍勒离开是对城镇的侮辱，组织了抗议要求免除药房债务，倡议只要舍勒来经营药房。舍勒之后就长住在雪平，只因为要参加药剂师资格考试和当选为瑞典科学院院士的典礼去过几次斯德哥尔摩。科学院给他的年金则使他可以继续进行自己的化学实验，他也乐于接待各地来的化学爱好者<sup id="cite_ref-chemist_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1784年起，舍勒的身体情况日益恶化，常常卧床不起。1786年5月，他与前任药剂师的遗孀结婚，将药房转回她的名下，两天之后舍勒去世，葬于雪平当地。按当地的记录，舍勒的死因是神经痛和疲劳，但化学史学者认为和他长期接触大量有毒物质有关<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="科学贡献"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E5.AD.A6.E8.B4.A1.E7.8C.AE"></span>科学贡献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：科学贡献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发现和提纯多种有机物"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0.E5.92.8C.E6.8F.90.E7.BA.AF.E5.A4.9A.E7.A7.8D.E6.9C.89.E6.9C.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>发现和提纯多种有机物</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：发现和提纯多种有机物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/HomemadeTartaric.jpg/150px-HomemadeTartaric.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/HomemadeTartaric.jpg/225px-HomemadeTartaric.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/HomemadeTartaric.jpg/300px-HomemadeTartaric.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>酒石酸样品</figcaption></figure> <p>舍勒的早期研究主要是提纯<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%85%B8" title="有机酸">有机酸</a>。1768年他成功从对应的盐中提纯了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B8" title="草酸">草酸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%9F%B3%E9%85%B8" title="酒石酸">酒石酸</a><sup id="cite_ref-lactic_acid_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lactic_acid-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他将其写成文章，却由于他使用的语言晦涩难懂，文法不顺未能发表。舍勒把这件事告诉了雷特泽乌斯，雷特泽乌斯用学术界通行的方式重写了文章，获得发表，学术界才开始了解舍勒。 </p><p>舍勒一生中，一直对有机酸研究有着浓厚的兴趣，之后他还相继提取纯化了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%85%B8" title="尿酸">尿酸</a>（1776）、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E9%85%B8" title="乳酸">乳酸</a><sup id="cite_ref-lactic_acid_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lactic_acid-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（1780）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E6%B2%B9" title="甘油">甘油</a>（1783）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸">柠檬酸</a>（1784）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B9%E6%9E%9C%E9%85%B8" title="苹果酸">苹果酸</a>（1785）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%A1%E9%A3%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%85%B8" title="没食子酸">没食子酸</a>（1786）<sup id="cite_ref-化学史传_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-化学史传-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="发现氧气与氯气"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E7.8E.B0.E6.B0.A7.E6.B0.94.E4.B8.8E.E6.B0.AF.E6.B0.94"></span>发现氧气与氯气</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：发现氧气与氯气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg/150px-Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg/225px-Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg/300px-Carl_Vilhelm_Scheele.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="991" /></a><figcaption>斯德哥尔摩的舍勒塑像，记录他在进行物质在氧气中燃烧的实验</figcaption></figure> <p>1760年代末，舍勒研究了金属和酸的反应，认为生成的氢气就是燃素本身，在实验和结论上都和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%87%E8%BF%AA%E4%BB%80" title="亨利·卡文迪什">亨利·卡文迪什</a>同时期的成果相近。1772年贝格曼建议舍勒分析<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E9%94%B0%E7%9F%BF" title="软锰矿">软锰矿</a>（主要成分为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%94%B0" title="二氧化锰">二氧化锰</a>）的性质。舍勒将软锰矿与浓硫酸共热，产生了一种气体。舍勒后来发现将<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE" title="硝酸钾">硝酸钾</a>或者<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B1%9E" title="氧化汞">氧化汞</a>等物质加热，发现会产生类似的气体。 </p> <dl><dd>2 MnO<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → 2 MnSO<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>他对这种气体的性质作了研究，发现它可以帮助燃烧，所以他把这种气体叫做“火气”，并且通过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E8%82%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫肝（页面不存在）">硫肝</a>（主要成分是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BE" title="硫化钾">硫化钾</a>和多硫化钾）对氧气的吸收和<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%A3%B7" title="白磷">白磷</a>在氧气中燃烧，测出了“火气”占空气体积的约五分之一，实际上这种火气就是氧气<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>舍勒在他唯一的一部著作《论空气和火的化学》（Chemische Abhandlung von der Luft und dem Feuer）中报道了自己的发现。但这本书被出版商延误，直到1777年才出版。而英国化学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C" title="约瑟夫·普利斯特里">约瑟夫·普利斯特里</a>于1774年发现氧气后，很快就发表了论文，这就造成了对氧气的最早发现者的争论。舍勒自己提到过他于1774年给<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%93%A6%E9%94%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="拉瓦锡">拉瓦锡</a>写过一封信，详细阐述了“火气”的性质，但这封信丢失了，直到1993年才被找到，从而确定了舍勒在1772年就发现了氧气<sup id="cite_ref-tribute_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于舍勒是<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%AF%B4" title="燃素说">燃素说</a>的拥护者，从而将金属等物质在“火气”中的燃烧，认为是可燃物中的燃素和“火气”结合的过程，未能正确解释燃烧过程 </p><p>1774年舍勒做出了另外一项重大发现，他用浓<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E9%85%B8" title="盐酸">盐酸</a>和软锰矿共热时，发现产生了具有强烈的刺激性气味的黄绿色气体。 </p> <dl><dd>MnO<sub>2</sub> + 4 HCl （浓） → MnCl<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O （此反应需加热才能进行）<sup id="cite_ref-G&E_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G&E-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>舍勒发现这一气体会聚集在容器底部，意味着它的密度比空气要大。舍勒发现了这一气体部分溶于水，还具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%82%E7%99%BD" title="漂白">漂白</a>作用，可以使蓝色<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E8%95%8A" title="石蕊">石蕊</a>试纸和某些花朵褪色。它将这一反应解释为软锰矿夺去了盐酸中的燃素，因此称产生的这种气体为“脱燃素盐酸”，后来<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4" title="汉弗里·戴维">汉弗里·戴维</a>将其命名为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%94" title="氯气">氯气</a><sup id="cite_ref-chemist_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="无机化合物研究"><span id=".E6.97.A0.E6.9C.BA.E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9.E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6"></span>无机化合物研究</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：无机化合物研究"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg/150px-Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg/225px-Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg/300px-Pyrolusite_radiating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>二硫化钼矿石，当时被误认为是一种石墨</figcaption></figure> <p>舍勒发现了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8" title="亚硝酸">亚硝酸</a>。1770年他研究过主要成分是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" title="氟化钙">氟化钙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A4%E7%9F%B3" title="萤石">萤石</a>，发现当萤石和浓硫酸共热时，会产生一种溶于水呈酸性、类似氯化氢的气体，这就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="氟化氢">氟化氢</a>。他加热这种溶液后发现产生了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%85" title="二氧化硅">二氧化硅</a>，舍勒将其解释为二氧化硅来自于这种酸的分解，而其他化学家则认为这来自于这种酸对玻璃仪器的腐蚀，舍勒后来修正了自己的观点，这一发现使人们注意到可以用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%9F%E9%85%B8" title="氢氟酸">氢氟酸</a>腐蚀玻璃，这成为雕刻玻璃的基础<sup id="cite_ref-chemist_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemist-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1777年舍勒发现了银盐在光照下会分解，这成为摄影术的基础。1778年舍勒认为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="二硫化钼">二硫化钼</a>并非是一种石墨，而是某种金属的矿石，他将其溶于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8" title="硝酸">硝酸</a>，发现产生了白色固体（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%BC" title="三氧化钼">三氧化钼</a>），他试图还原这种白色固体得到纯的金属<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">钼</a>，但没有可以达到所需温度的炉子。1781年拥有高温设备的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="彼得·雅各布·海基尔姆" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Peter Jacob Hjelm"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94%E5%A7%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·雅各布·海基尔姆（页面不存在）">彼得·雅各布·海基尔姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Jacob_Hjelm" class="extiw" title="en:Peter Jacob Hjelm"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Peter Jacob Hjelm</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>在舍勒研究的基础上制出了纯钼。舍勒还曾获得了<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8%E9%85%B8" title="钨酸">钨酸</a>和确认了<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">钡</a>的存在<sup id="cite_ref-化学史传_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-化学史传-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>舍勒还曾对颜料和染料进行过分析。他研究过<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%B2%81%E5%A3%AB%E8%93%9D" title="普鲁士蓝">普鲁士蓝</a>，发现普鲁士蓝加热后分解出一种气体，该气体溶于水有弱酸性。由于舍勒有亲口尝自己合成产物的习惯，他亲口尝过这种气体的水溶液，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%B0%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氰酸">氢氰酸</a>。1775年左右，他制取了黄绿色的<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92%E7%BB%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="舍勒绿">舍勒绿</a>（CuHAsO<sub>3</sub>），后来被广泛应用在墙壁粉刷中，直到人们逐渐认识到它的毒性为止<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tribute-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribute_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribute_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribute_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribute_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribute_1-4"><sup><b>1.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306112250/http://www.iva.se/PageFiles/16585/Minnesskriften%202012.pdf">A tribute to the memory of carl willem scheele</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Science. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [06-30-13]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iva.se/PageFiles/16585/Minnesskriften%202012.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2016-03-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&rft.btitle=A+tribute+to+the+memory+of+carl+willem+scheele&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Royal+Swedish+Academy+of+Engineering+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iva.se%2FPageFiles%2F16585%2FMinnesskriften%25202012.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemist-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chemist_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemist_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chemist_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sir William Augustus Tilden. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/famouschemistsm01tildgoog">Famous Chemists:the men and their work</a>. G. Routledge & Sons, ltd. 1921: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/famouschemistsm01tildgoog/page/n89">53</a>-61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92&rft.au=Sir+William+Augustus+Tilden&rft.btitle=Famous+Chemists%3Athe+men+and+their+work&rft.date=1921&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=53-61&rft.pub=G.+Routledge+%26+Sons%2C+ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffamouschemistsm01tildgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lactic_acid-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lactic_acid_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lactic_acid_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">H. Benninga. A History of Lactic Acid Making. 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