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<span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origins-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origins subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scandinavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandinavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Scandinavia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandinavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_Baltic_coast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_Baltic_coast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Southern Baltic coast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_Baltic_coast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Danubian_and_Italian_Rugii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Danubian_and_Italian_Rugii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Danubian and Italian Rugii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Danubian_and_Italian_Rugii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Possible_continuations_in_the_north" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_continuations_in_the_north"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Possible continuations in the north</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_continuations_in_the_north-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_continuation_of_the_name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_continuation_of_the_name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>The continuation of the name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_continuation_of_the_name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Biography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" 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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rugii</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Руги – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Руги" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugis" title="Rugis – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rugis" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Ругсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ругсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiov%C3%A9" title="Rugiové – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rugiové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiere" title="Rugiere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rugiere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugier" title="Rugier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rugier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugios" title="Rugios – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rugios" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugoj" title="Rugoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rugoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruges" title="Ruges – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruges" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAgjers" title="Rúgjers – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rúgjers" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruxios" title="Ruxios – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruxios" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suku_Rugier" title="Suku Rugier – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Suku Rugier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugi" title="Rugi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rugi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רוגיאנים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוגיאנים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiak" title="Rugiak – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rugiak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugi%C3%ABrs" title="Rugiërs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rugiërs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiere" title="Rugiere – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rugiere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugiowie" title="Rugiowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rugiowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAgios" title="Rúgios – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rúgios" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Руги – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Руги" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugi" title="Rugi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rugi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruugit" title="Ruugit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruugit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugier" title="Rugier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rugier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Руги – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Руги" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1253884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ancient Germanic people</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Rugians" redirects here. For the Slavic tribe, see <a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rani (tribe)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rugii.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rugii.PNG/300px-Rugii.PNG" decoding="async" width="300" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rugii.PNG/450px-Rugii.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Rugii.PNG/600px-Rugii.PNG 2x" data-file-width="634" data-file-height="577" /></a><figcaption>Settlement areas of the Rugii: <a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland">Rogaland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> (since the first century), <a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a> (5th century); <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> (uncertain)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Rugii</b>, <b>Rogi</b> or <b>Rugians</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ρογοί</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Rogoi</i></span>), were one of the smaller <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> who are best known for their short-lived 5th-century kingdom upon the Roman frontier, near present-day <a href="/wiki/Krems_an_der_Donau" title="Krems an der Donau">Krems an der Donau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This kingdom, like those of the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a>, first appears in records after the death of <a href="/wiki/Attila" title="Attila">Attila</a> in 453. The Rugii, Heruli, Sciri and others are believed to have moved into this region from distant homelands under pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a>, and become part of Attila's Hunnic empire which also moved and came to be based in this region. The Rugii were subsequently part of the alliance which defeated Attila's sons and the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nedao" title="Battle of Nedao">Battle of Nedao</a> in 454, giving their kingdom independence. In 469 they were part of a similar alliance who lost to the Ostrogoths at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bolia" title="Battle of Bolia">Battle of Bolia</a>, weakening their kingdom significantly. </p><p>Many Rugii, once again along with Sciri, Heruli and other Danubians, joined <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a> in Italy and became part of his kingdom there. Fearing new plots against him, he nevertheless invaded the Rugian kingdom in 487, and the Rugian lands were then settled by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> from the north. Most Rugii still in the Danubian region eventually joined the Ostrogoth <a href="/wiki/Theoderic_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoderic the Great">Theoderic the Great</a> who killed Odoacer and replaced him with a Gothic-led regime in Italy. The Rugii were based in Pavia and played an important role in the Italian kingdom until it was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a>. The third last king was the Rugian <a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric</a> who died in 541. After him the Rugians disappear from history. </p><p>It is generally accepted that the Rugii were first clearly recorded by <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a> in the first century, in his <i><a href="/wiki/Germania_(book)" title="Germania (book)">Germania</a></i>. He mentioned a people called the <i>Rugii</i> living near the south shore of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a> and east of the <a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a> who apparently lived near the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>. The 6th century writer Procopius included them among the "Gothic peoples", grouping them with Goths, <a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a>, and the non-Germanic <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alans</a>, who were mainly associated with Eastern Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various other records mentioning places or peoples with similar names have been associated with the Danubian Rugii as possible relatives, mainly on the basis of similar names which all appear to be related to the grain <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>. In the second century by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> mentioned the <i>Rutikleioi</i>, and the place known as Rougion, on the southern Baltic coast. In the 6th century <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> listed "Rugi" among the tribes supposedly living in Scandinavia in his own time, near the Dani (<a href="/wiki/Danes" title="Danes">Danes</a>) and <i>Suetidi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Swedes_(tribe)" title="Swedes (tribe)">Suedes</a>). He also listed the "Rogas" as an Eastern European people of the 4th century. Much later, the medieval <a href="/wiki/Rygir" class="mw-redirect" title="Rygir">Rygir</a> were a tribe residing in <a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland">Rogaland</a> of southwestern Norway, around the <a href="/wiki/Boknafjord" title="Boknafjord">Boknafjord</a>. The coastal island known today as <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> is also sometimes associated with the Rugii. The Rugii are also associated with the <i>Ulmerugi</i> mentioned by Jordanes. Their name probably means "island Rugii", and he described them as a people who had many centuries before him lived on the Baltic coast near the Vistula, at the time when he believed the <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> arrived by boat from Scandinavia. A similar island name, <i>Holmrygir</i>, is known from much later medieval Norway, in the area near Rogaland. </p><p>The name of the Rugii continued to be used after the sixth century to refer to Slavic-speaking peoples near the Danube, and Rügen, and even as a Latin name for the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_Rus%27,_Russia_and_Ruthenia" title="Names of Rus', Russia and Ruthenia">Rus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tribal name <i>Rugii</i> is believed to originate from the name of the cereal <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, and would thus have meant "rye eaters" or "rye farmers".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> word for rye has been reconstructed as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rugiz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rugiz">*rugiz</a></i>, and versions of the word exist in both <a href="/wiki/West_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="West Germanic">West Germanic</a> (reconstructed as <i>*rugi</i>), <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="North Germanic">North Germanic</a> languages (Old Norse <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rugr#Old_Norse" class="extiw" title="wikt:rugr">rugr</a></i>), but are not known from <a href="/wiki/East_Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="East Germanic">East Germanic</a>. They are also known in the other language families of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_region" title="Baltic region">Baltic region</a>: <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic</a> (reconstructed in Proto-Finnic <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rugis" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rugis">*rugis</a></i>); <a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/r%D1%8A%C5%BE%D1%8C" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъžь">rŭžĭ</a></i>). Andersson has noted that this etymology limits the possible places where we might expect the Rugii to have had their original homeland. For example the cultivation rye, which was originally cultivated in the Middle East, is not known in Norway in the Roman era, implying that the later Rygir of Norway were not living in the original Rugian homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other historical terms associated with the Rugii: </p> <ul><li><i>Ulmerugi</i>, the coastal region near the Vistula which was mentioned by Jordanes, can be translated as "island Rugii", containing the Proto-Germanic word reconstructed as <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulmaz" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulmaz">*hulmaz</a></i> (English <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/holm#English" class="extiw" title="wikt:holm">holm</a></i>, Old Norse <i>holmr</i>). An equivalent word in Old Norse <i>holmrygir</i> is found in Norway, near the tribe who were called the Rygir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ptolemy's <i>Rutikleioi</i> have been interpreted as a scribal error for <i>Rugikleioi</i> (in Greek). The meaning of the second part of this name form is unclear, but it has for example been interpreted as a Germanic diminutive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Uncertain and disputed is the association of the Rugii with the name of the isle of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a> and the tribe of the <a href="/wiki/Rugini" title="Rugini">Rugini</a>. Though some scholars have suggested that the Rugii passed their name to the isle of Rügen in modern Northeast Germany, other scholars have presented alternative hypotheses of Rügen's etymology associating the name to the mediaeval <a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rani (Rujani) tribe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <i>Rugini</i> were only mentioned once, in a list of Germanic tribes still to be Christianised drawn up by the English monk <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> in his <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Historia ecclesiastica</i></span> of the early 8th century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fraesdorff55_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraesdorff55-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scandinavia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jordanes makes a references to a people called the Rugii still living in Scandinavia in the sixth century, in the area near the Dani, who are normally presumed to be the Danes.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an old proposal, the Rugii possibly migrated from southwest Norway to <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> in the first century AD.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rogaland" title="Rogaland">Rogaland</a> or Rygjafylke is a region (fylke) in south west Norway. Rogaland translates "Land of the Rygir" (Rugii), the transition of <i>rygir</i> to <i>roga</i> being sufficiently explained with the general linguistic transitions of the <a href="/wiki/Norse_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse language">Norse language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars suggest a migration either of Rogaland Rugii to the southern Baltic coast, a migration the other way around, or an original homeland on the islands of Denmark in between these two regions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of these theories is so far backed by archaeological evidence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another theory suggests that the name of one of the two groups was adapted by the other one later without any significant migration taking place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars such as Andersson regard it as very unlikely that the name meaning Rye eaters or Rye farmers was invented twice. In favour of a Scandinavian origin, despite doubts about the early cultivation of Rye, he cites the sixth century claim of Jordanes that Scandinavia was the "womb of nations".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as Pohl have argued that the similarity of names has been uncritically interpreted to indicate tribal kinship or identity, feeding a debate about the location of an "original homeland" without any reference to historical sources. Pohl also suggests that one possibility suggested by the work of <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Wenskus" title="Reinhard Wenskus">Reinhard Wenskus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_School_of_History" title="Vienna School of History">Vienna School of History</a> is that the name of the Rugii could have been spread by small elite groups who moved around, rather than mass migration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Baltic_coast">Southern Baltic coast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Southern Baltic coast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Pomerania" title="Early history of Pomerania">Early history of Pomerania</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_125.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/300px-Roman_Empire_125.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/450px-Roman_Empire_125.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_Empire_125.png/600px-Roman_Empire_125.png 2x" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="1817" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a> (ruled 117–138): the Rugii inhabit a region corresponding to modern <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> (northern Germany and Poland)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Rugii were first mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Tacitus" title="Tacitus">Tacitus</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the late first century.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tacitus' description of their contemporary settlement area was at the "ocean", adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a>> The Gutones are generally considered to be early <a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a>, and also mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>, who placed them east of the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>. This is generally seen as the southern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>, the later <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxfordtranslation836_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxfordtranslation836-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tacitus distinguished the Rugii, Gutones and Lemovii from other Germanic tribes, saying they carried round shields and short swords, and obeyed kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oxfordtranslation836_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oxfordtranslation836-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 150 AD, the geographer <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> did not mention the Rugii in this region, but he did mention a place named <i>Rhougion</i> (also transliterated from Greek as <i>Rougion</i>, <i>Rugion</i>, Latinized <i>Rugium</i> or <i>Rugia</i>) and a tribe named the <i>Routikleioi</i> in roughly the same area, between the rivers Vidua and Vistula.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both these names have been associated with the Rugii.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the sixth century, Jordanes wrote an origin story (<i><a href="/wiki/Origo_gentis" title="Origo gentis">Origo gentis</a></i>) about the Goths, the <i><a href="/wiki/Getica" title="Getica">Getica</a></i>, which claims that the Goths and many other peoples came from Scandinavia, the "womb of nations", many centuries before his time. Upon the arrival by boat of the Goths from Scandinavia, in the coastal area of "<a href="/wiki/Gothiscandza" title="Gothiscandza">Gothiscandza</a>", the Goths expelled a people called the <i>Ulmerugi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Oxh%C3%B6ft_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxhöft culture">Oxhöft culture</a> is associated with parts of the Rugii and <a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rives311_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archaeological <a href="/wiki/Gustow_group" title="Gustow group">Gustow group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a> is also associated with the Rugii.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of the Rugii west of the Vidivarii, together with other Gothic, <a href="/wiki/Vistula_Veneti" title="Vistula Veneti">Veneti</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepid</a> groups, are believed to be identical with the archaeological <a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bczyn_culture" title="Dębczyn culture">Dębczyn culture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to an old proposal, in the second century AD, eastern Germanic peoples then mainly in the area of modern Poland, began to expand their influence, pressing peoples to their south and eventually causing the <a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a> on the Roman Danubian frontier. Given the coincidence of the same name on the Baltic and Danube, the Rugii are one of the peoples thought to have been involved. While modern authors are sceptical of some elements of the old narrative, the archaeology of the <a href="/wiki/Wielbark_culture" title="Wielbark culture">Wielbark culture</a> has given new evidence to support this idea.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his <i>Getica</i> Jordanes claimed that the fourth century Gothic king <a href="/wiki/Ermanaric" title="Ermanaric">Ermanaric</a>, who was one of the first rulers west of the <a href="/wiki/Don_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Don river">Don river</a> to confront the <a href="/wiki/Huns" title="Huns">Huns</a> as they entered Europe, ruled an empire stretching from the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>. In a list of the peoples conquered by him the name "Rogas" appears.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002ch._6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002ch._6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Danubian_and_Italian_Rugii">Danubian and Italian Rugii</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Danubian and Italian Rugii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/300px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/450px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png/600px-Europe_and_the_Near_East_at_476_AD.png 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>Europe at the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the first clear records of the Rugii interacting with the Roman empire is in the <a href="/wiki/Laterculus_Veronensis" title="Laterculus Veronensis">Laterculus Veronensis</a> of about 314. In a list of barbarians under the emperors it lists them together with their future neighbours the Heruli, but in a part of the list between the Scottish barbarians and the tribes north of the lower Rhine. Unlike the Heruli, they do not appear in other such 4th-century lists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiccardo2023_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiccardo2023-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Rugii are listed as one of the northern peoples who were led by Attila over the Rhine, to invade Gaul, and eventually fight the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Catalaunian_Plains" title="Battle of the Catalaunian Plains">Battle of the Catalaunian Plains</a> in 451. After Attila's death in 453 the Rugii were among the Hunnic confederates who successfully rebelled against his sons, defeating them and the Ostrogoths at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nedao" title="Battle of Nedao">Battle of Nedao</a> in 454. Whether or not the Rugian kingdom existed before then, and in what form, is unknown. </p><p>A group of Rugii were settled near Constantinople after Nadao, in <a href="/wiki/Bizye" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizye">Bizye</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCleburgaz" title="Lüleburgaz">Lüleburgaz</a> where they provided troops to the empire.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinacher2017114_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinacher2017114-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With Roman power now also weakened along the Danube, the majority of the Rugii became part of the independent Rugian kingdom ruled by <a href="/wiki/Flaccitheus" title="Flaccitheus">Flaccitheus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a>, a region presently part of lower Austria (ancient <a href="/wiki/Noricum" title="Noricum">Noricum</a>), north of the Danube.<sup id="cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foulke31ff-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Flaccitheus's death, the Rugii of Rugiland were led by king <a href="/wiki/Feletheus" title="Feletheus">Feletheus</a>, also called Feva, and his wife Gisa.<sup id="cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foulke31ff-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet other Rugii had already become <a href="/wiki/Foederati" title="Foederati">foederati</a> of <a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer</a>, who was to become the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">king of Italy</a> in 476.<sup id="cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foulke31ff-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 482 the Rugii had converted to <a href="/wiki/Arianism" title="Arianism">Arianism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feletheus' Rugii were utterly defeated by Odoacer in 487; many came into captivity and were carried to Italy, and subsequently, Rugiland was settled by the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Foulke31ff-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Records of this era are made by <a href="/wiki/Procopius" title="Procopius">Procopius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two years later, Rugii joined the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogothic</a> king <a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric the Great</a> when he invaded Italy in 489. Within the <a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic Kingdom</a> in Italy, they kept their own administrators and avoided intermarriage with the Goths.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They disappeared after <a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila</a>'s defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_War_(535%E2%80%93554)" title="Gothic War (535–554)">Gothic War (535–554)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Possible_continuations_in_the_north">Possible continuations in the north</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Possible continuations in the north"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is assumed that Burgundians, Goths and Gepids with parts of the Rugians left <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a> during the late Roman Age, and that during the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a>, remnants of Rugians, <a href="/wiki/Vistula_Veneti" title="Vistula Veneti">Vistula Veneti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a> and other, <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic tribes</a> remained and formed units that were later <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavicized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Vidivarii themselves are described by <a href="/wiki/Jordanes" title="Jordanes">Jordanes</a> in his Getica as a <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> of tribes who in the mid-6th century lived at the lower <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DeJong_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeJong-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though differing from the earlier <a href="/wiki/Wielbark_culture" title="Wielbark culture">Wielbark culture</a>, some traditions were continued.<sup id="cite_ref-DeJong_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeJong-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One hypothesis, based on the sudden appearance of large amounts of Roman solidi and migrations of other groups after the breakdown of the <a href="/wiki/Hun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hun">Hun</a> empire in 453, suggest a partial re-migration of earlier emigrants to their former northern homelands.<sup id="cite_ref-DeJong_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeJong-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ninth-century <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a>, a compilation of earlier oral traditions, mentions the tribe of the <i>Holmrycum</i> without localizing it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Holmrygir</i> are mentioned in an <a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a> <a href="/wiki/Skald" title="Skald">Skaldic</a> poem, <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1konarm%C3%A1l" title="Hákonarmál">Hákonarmál</a></i>, and probably also in the <a href="/wiki/Haraldskv%C3%A6%C3%B0i" class="mw-redirect" title="Haraldskvæði">Haraldskvæði</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_(historian)" title="James Campbell (historian)">James Campbell</a> has argued that, regarding Bede's "Rugini", "the sense of the Latin is that these are the peoples from whom the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a> living in Britain were derived".<sup id="cite_ref-:9_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 53">: 53 </span></sup> The Rugini would thus be among the ancestors of the Anglo-Saxons.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 123–124">: 123–124 </span></sup> Whether the Rugini were remnants of the Rugii is speculative.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the identification by Bede as Germanic, some scholars have attempted to link the Rugini with the <a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fraesdorff55_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fraesdorff55-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_continuation_of_the_name">The continuation of the name</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The continuation of the name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Pohl, the name was taken up in a historicizing manner from the 10th century onwards to refer to Slavic peoples on the lower Austrian Danube (Pohl refers to Raffelstettener customs ordinance shortly after 900), on the Baltic Sea (citing Otto of Freising, Chronica 7, 9), or also the Rus (citing the Continuatio Reginonis a. 959-60).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl2003_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric the Rugian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustow_group" title="Gustow group">Gustow group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugiland" title="Rugiland">Rugiland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBjornlie2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shane_Bjornlie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shane Bjornlie (page does not exist)">Bjornlie, Shane</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001/acref-9780198662778-e-4118?">"Rugians"</a>. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191744457" title="Special:BookSources/9780191744457"><bdi>9780191744457</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2020</span>. <q>Rugians. Germanic people prominent in provincial politics of the Danube frontier region during the last half of the 5th century...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rugians&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780191744457&rft.aulast=Bjornlie&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780198662778.001.0001%2Facref-9780198662778-e-4118%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See for example <a href="#CITEREFWolfram2005">Wolfram (2005</a>, p. 77) and <a href="#CITEREFSteinacher2017">Steinacher (2017</a>, p. 28).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinacher2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland_Steinacher" class="extiw" title="de:Roland Steinacher">Steinacher, Roland</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (2010). "The Herules: Fragments of a History". In <a href="/wiki/Florin_Curta" title="Florin Curta">Curta, Florin</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6wXHSgAACAAJ"><i>Neglected Barbarians</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brepols" title="Brepols">ISD</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782503531250" title="Special:BookSources/9782503531250"><bdi>9782503531250</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Herules%3A+Fragments+of+a+History&rft.btitle=Neglected+Barbarians&rft.pub=ISD&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9782503531250&rft.aulast=Steinacher&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6wXHSgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span> pp.43-44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAndersson2003_4-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAndersson2003">Andersson 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rives311-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rives311_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. B. Rives on Tacitus, Germania, Oxford University Press, 1999, p.311, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-815050-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-815050-4">0-19-815050-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fraesdorff55-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fraesdorff55_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fraesdorff55_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Fraesdorff, <i>Der barbarische Norden: Vorstellungen und Fremdheitskategorien bei Rimbert, Thietmar von Merseburg, Adam von Bremen und Helmold von Bosau</i>, Akademie Verlag, 2005, p.55, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-05-004114-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-05-004114-5">3-05-004114-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordanes, <i>Getica</i>, L,261.266; LIV,277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/512463/Rugi">"Rugi (people)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rugi+%28people%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F512463%2FRugi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPohl2003-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl2003_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPohl2003_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPohl2003">Pohl 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tacitus, <i>Germania</i>, <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Germania#XLIV" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Germania">Germania.XLIV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oxfordtranslation836-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oxfordtranslation836_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oxfordtranslation836_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Works of Tacitus: The Oxford Translation, Revised, With Notes, BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008, p.836, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-559-47335-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-559-47335-4">0-559-47335-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ptolemaeus II,11,12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jordanes, Getica, IV,26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magdalena Ma̜czyńska, Tadeusz Grabarczyk, <i>Die spätrömische Kaiserzeit und die frühe Völkerwanderungszeit in Mittel- und Osteuropa</i>, Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Łódź, 2000, p.127, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7171-392-4" title="Special:BookSources/83-7171-392-4">83-7171-392-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Horst Keiling, <i>Archäologische Funde von der frührömischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter aus den mecklenburgischen Bezirken</i>, Museum für Ur- und Frühgeschichte Schwerin, 1984, pp.8:12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMachajewski2003282_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMachajewski2003">Machajewski 2003</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeather2009" class="citation book cs1">Heather, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ho8sAQAAIAAJ"><i>Empires and Barbarians: The Fall of Rome and the Birth of Europe</i></a>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989226-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989226-6"><bdi>978-0-19-989226-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Empires+and+Barbarians%3A+The+Fall+of+Rome+and+the+Birth+of+Europe&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989226-6&rft.aulast=Heather&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHo8sAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span>, pp.96-107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002ch._6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristensen2002ch._6_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristensen2002">Christensen 2002</a>, ch. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiccardo2023-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiccardo2023_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiccardo2023">Liccardo 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteinacher2017114-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteinacher2017114_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteinacher2017">Steinacher 2017</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foulke31ff-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foulke31ff_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Dudley Foulke, Edward Peters, <i>History of the Lombards</i>, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1974, pp.31ff, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1079-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1079-4">0-8122-1079-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Procopius, <i>Bellum Gothicum</i> VI,14,24; VII,2,1.4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"At the behest of Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno, Theodoric of the Ostrogoths invades Italy and founds a kingdom based in Rome. Many of the remaining Rugii join Theodoric in his invasion and settle in self-contained communities, refusing intermarriage with the Ostrogoths and other Germanic peoples there. They retain their identity until the fall of the Ostrogothic kingdom of Italy. The Langobards migrate into the former Rugii territory to fill this vacuum."<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianRugii.htm">Germanic Tribes: Rugii</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrew H. Merrills, <i>History and Geography in Late Antiquity</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.325, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-84601-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-84601-3">0-521-84601-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeJong-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DeJong_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeJong_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DeJong_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mayke_de_Jong" title="Mayke de Jong">Mayke de Jong</a>, Frans Theuws, Carine van Rhijn, <i>Topographies of Power in the Early Middle Ages</i>, Brill, 2001, p.524, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-11734-2" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-11734-2">90-04-11734-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Skj, B I,57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1986" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, James (1986). <i>Essays in Anglo-Saxon history</i>. London: Hambledon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/090762832X" title="Special:BookSources/090762832X"><bdi>090762832X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/458534293">458534293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Anglo-Saxon+history&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F458534293&rft.isbn=090762832X&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim Herrmann, <i>Welt der Slawen: Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur</i>, C.H. Beck, 1986, p.265, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-31162-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-31162-8">3-406-31162-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersson2003" class="citation cs2">Andersson, Thomas (2003), "Rugier 1. Namenkundliches", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j7cXiqNmd1EC"><i>Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde</i></a>, vol. 25 (2 ed.), Walter de Gruyter, pp. 452ff, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-017733-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-017733-1"><bdi>3-11-017733-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rugier+1.+Namenkundliches&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.pages=452ff&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-11-017733-1&rft.aulast=Andersson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj7cXiqNmd1EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristensen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arne_S%C3%B8by_Christensen" title="Arne Søby Christensen">Christensen, Arne Søby</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AcLDHOqOt4cC"><i>Cassiodorus, Jordanes and the History of the Goths</i></a>. Museum Tusculanum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788772897103" title="Special:BookSources/9788772897103"><bdi>9788772897103</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cassiodorus%2C+Jordanes+and+the+History+of+the+Goths&rft.pub=Museum+Tusculanum+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9788772897103&rft.aulast=Christensen&rft.aufirst=Arne+S%C3%B8by&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAcLDHOqOt4cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiccardo2023" class="citation cs2">Liccardo, Salvatore (2023), "The Laterculus Veronensis"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>", <i>Old Names, New Peoples: Listing Ethnonyms in Late Antiquity</i>, Brill, pp. 37–97, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004686601_004">10.1163/9789004686601_004</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004686601" title="Special:BookSources/9789004686601"><bdi>9789004686601</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Laterculus+Veronensis%22&rft.btitle=Old+Names%2C+New+Peoples%3A+Listing+Ethnonyms+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=37-97&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004686601_004&rft.isbn=9789004686601&rft.aulast=Liccardo&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachajewski2003" class="citation cs2">Machajewski, Henryk (2003), "Pommern", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9LGgd3UGdf0C"><i>Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde</i></a>, vol. 23, Walter de Gruyter, p. 282, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-017535-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-017535-5"><bdi>3-11-017535-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pommern&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-11-017535-5&rft.aulast=Machajewski&rft.aufirst=Henryk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9LGgd3UGdf0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPohl2003" class="citation cs2">Pohl, Walter (2003), "Rugier § 2. Historisches", in Beck, Heinrich; Geuenich, Dieter; Steuer, Heiko (eds.), <i>Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde</i>, vol. 25 (2 ed.), <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-017733-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-017733-6"><bdi>978-3-11-017733-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rugier+%C2%A7+2.+Historisches&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Germanischen+Altertumskunde&rft.edition=2&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-11-017733-6&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinacher2017" class="citation cs2">Steinacher, Roland (2017), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RIt4DwAAQBAJ"><i>Rom und die Barbaren. Völker im Alpen- und Donauraum (300-600)</i></a>, Kohlhammer Verlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783170251700" title="Special:BookSources/9783170251700"><bdi>9783170251700</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rom+und+die+Barbaren.+V%C3%B6lker+im+Alpen-+und+Donauraum+%28300-600%29&rft.pub=Kohlhammer+Verlag&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783170251700&rft.aulast=Steinacher&rft.aufirst=Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRIt4DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfram2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herwig_Wolfram" title="Herwig Wolfram">Wolfram, Herwig</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_7EwDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520244900" title="Special:BookSources/9780520244900"><bdi>9780520244900</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+Empire+and+Its+Germanic+Peoples&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9780520244900&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=Herwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_7EwDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png/27px-Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png/41px-Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png/54px-Logo_f%C3%B6r_Nordisk_familjeboks_uggleupplaga.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="716" /></a></span> <i>This article contains content from the </i>Owl Edition<i> of <a href="/wiki/Nordisk_familjebok" title="Nordisk familjebok">Nordisk familjebok</a>, a Swedish encyclopedia published between 1904 and 1926, now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rugii&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/507905/ancient-Rome/26693/The-barbarian-invasions">"Ancient Rome: The barbarian invasions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Ancient+Rome%3A+The+barbarian+invasions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F507905%2Fancient-Rome%2F26693%2FThe-barbarian-invasions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/195896/history-of-Europe/58257/Barbarian-migrations-and-invasions">"History of Europe: The Germans and Huns"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=History+of+Europe%3A+The+Germans+and+Huns&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F195896%2Fhistory-of-Europe%2F58257%2FBarbarian-migrations-and-invasions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231063/Germanic-peoples">"Germanic peoples"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.atitle=Germanic+peoples&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobal.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F231063%2FGermanic-peoples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARugii" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/231186/Germany/58075/The-press">"Germany: Ancient History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Online">Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Germanic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Germanic_peoples" title="Template talk:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Germanic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Germanic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">Ethnolinguistic group</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern European</a> origin primarily identified as speakers of <a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Germanic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Roman Iron Age">Pre-Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Iron Age">Roman Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano-Germanic_culture" title="Romano-Germanic culture">Romano-Germanic culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_Iron_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic Iron Age">Germanic Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture" title="Early Germanic culture">Early culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_art" title="Migration Period art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_calendars" title="Early Germanic calendars">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_early_Germanic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Family in early Germanic culture">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Folklore </a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_folklore" title="Proto-Germanic folklore">Proto-Germanic folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon mythology">Anglo-Saxon mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse mythology</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_funerary_practices" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic funerary practices">Funerary practices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial_mounds" title="Anglo-Saxon burial mounds">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_funeral" title="Norse funeral">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_law" title="Germanic law">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_law" title="Anglo-Saxon law">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Scandinavian_law" title="Medieval Scandinavian law">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_English_literature" title="Old English literature">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_literature" title="Old Norse literature">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_name" title="Germanic name">Names</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_name" title="Gothic name">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbers_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Numbers in Germanic paganism">Numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Paganism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_in_Germanic_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rings in Germanic paganism">Rings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_culture#Scripts" title="Early Germanic culture">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Runes">Runes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_symbols" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Germanic symbols">Symbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Germanic_warfare" title="Early Germanic warfare">Warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_warfare" title="Anglo-Saxon warfare">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_and_Vandal_warfare" title="Gothic and Vandal warfare">Gothic and Vandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_raid_warfare_and_tactics" title="Viking raid warfare and tactics">Viking</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Germanic_languages" title="Germanic languages">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_parent_language" title="Germanic parent language">Germanic parent language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic_language" title="Proto-Germanic language">Proto-Germanic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Germanic_languages" title="East Germanic languages">East Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">North Germanic languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Germanic_peoples" title="List of early Germanic peoples">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alemanni" title="Alemanni">Alemanni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brisigavi" title="Brisigavi">Brisgavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucinobantes" title="Bucinobantes">Bucinobantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentienses" title="Lentienses">Lentienses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raetovari" title="Raetovari">Raetovari</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrabaecampi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adrabaecampi">Adrabaecampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrones" title="Ambrones">Ambrones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampsivarii" title="Ampsivarii">Ampsivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angrivarii" title="Angrivarii">Angrivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armalausi" title="Armalausi">Armalausi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auiones" title="Auiones">Auiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avarpi" title="Avarpi">Avarpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baemi" title="Baemi">Baemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiuvarii" title="Baiuvarii">Baiuvarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banochaemae" title="Banochaemae">Banochaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastarnae" title="Bastarnae">Bastarnae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batavi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Batavi (Germanic tribe)">Batavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgae" title="Belgae">Belgae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atuatuci" title="Atuatuci">Atuatuci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerosi" title="Caerosi">Caeroesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condrusi" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eburones" title="Eburones">Eburones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paemani" title="Paemani">Paemani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segni_(tribe)" title="Segni (tribe)">Segni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morini" title="Morini">Morini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervii" title="Nervii">Nervii</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bateinoi" title="Bateinoi">Bateinoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baetasii" title="Baetasii">Betasii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brondings" title="Brondings">Brondings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bructeri" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgundians" title="Burgundians">Burgundians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buri_tribe" title="Buri tribe">Buri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cananefates" title="Cananefates">Cananefates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritni" title="Caritni">Caritni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuari" title="Casuari">Casuari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaedini" title="Chaedini">Chaedini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaemae" title="Chaemae">Chaemae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamavi" title="Chamavi">Chamavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chali" title="Chali">Chali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charudes" title="Charudes">Charudes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chasuarii" title="Chasuarii">Chasuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chattuarii" title="Chattuarii">Chattuarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatti" title="Chatti">Chatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauci" title="Chauci">Chauci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherusci" title="Cherusci">Cherusci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimbri" title="Cimbri">Cimbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobandi" title="Cobandi">Cobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corconti" title="Corconti">Corconti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cugerni" title="Cugerni">Cugerni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danes_(tribe)" title="Danes (tribe)">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauciones" title="Dauciones">Dauciones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dulgubnii" title="Dulgubnii">Dulgubnii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Favonae" title="Favonae">Favonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firaesi" title="Firaesi">Firaesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosi" title="Fosi">Fosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ripuarian_Franks" title="Ripuarian Franks">Ripuarian Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salian_Franks" title="Salian Franks">Salian Franks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisiavones" title="Frisiavones">Frisiavones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisii" title="Frisii">Frisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambrivii" title="Gambrivii">Gambrivii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geats" title="Geats">Geats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Goths" title="Crimean Goths">Crimean Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greuthungi" title="Greuthungi">Greuthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutones" title="Gutones">Gutones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thervingi" title="Thervingi">Thervingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Goths" title="Thracian Goths">Thracian Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visigoths" title="Visigoths">Visigoths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutes" title="Gutes">Gutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harii" title="Harii">Harii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermunduri" title="Hermunduri">Hermunduri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heruli" title="Heruli">Heruli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilleviones" title="Hilleviones">Hilleviones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingaevones" title="Ingaevones">Ingaevones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irminones" title="Irminones">Irminones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istvaeones" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jutes" title="Jutes">Jutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juthungi" title="Juthungi">Juthungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacringi" title="Lacringi">Lacringi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hea%C3%B0obards" title="Heaðobards">Heaðobards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugii" title="Lugii">Lugii</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diduni" title="Diduni">Diduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helisii" class="mw-redirect" title="Helisii">Helisii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helveconae" title="Helveconae">Helveconae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manimi" title="Manimi">Manimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahanarvali" title="Nahanarvali">Nahanarvali</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcomanni" title="Marcomanni">Marcomanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsacii" title="Marsacii">Marsacii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsi_(Germanic_tribe)" title="Marsi (Germanic tribe)">Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattiaci" title="Mattiaci">Mattiaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemetes" title="Nemetes">Nemetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njars" title="Njars">Njars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuithones" title="Nuithones">Nuithones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osi_(tribe)" title="Osi (tribe)">Osi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadi" title="Quadi">Quadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reudigni" title="Reudigni">Reudigni</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugini" title="Rugini">Rugini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnones" title="Semnones">Semnones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicambri" title="Sicambri">Sicambri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sciri" title="Sciri">Sciri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitones" title="Sitones">Sitones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suarines" title="Suarines">Suarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suebi" title="Suebi">Suebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunici" title="Sunici">Sunici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedes_(tribe)" title="Swedes (tribe)">Swedes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taifals" title="Taifals">Taifals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencteri" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teutons" title="Teutons">Teutons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelir" title="Thelir">Thelir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuringii" title="Thuringii">Thuringii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texandri" title="Texandri">Toxandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treveri" title="Treveri">Treveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triboci" title="Triboci">Triboci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubantes" title="Tubantes">Tubantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulingi" title="Tulingi">Tulingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungri" title="Tungri">Tungri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubii" title="Ubii">Ubii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usipetes" title="Usipetes">Usipetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagoth" title="Vagoth">Vagoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasdingi" title="Hasdingi">Hasdingi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silingi" title="Silingi">Silingi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vangiones" title="Vangiones">Vangiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varisci" title="Varisci">Varisci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victohali" title="Victohali">Victohali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinoviloth" title="Vinoviloth">Vinoviloth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warini" title="Warini">Warini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d5dcb0;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_the_Germanic_peoples" title="Christianisation of the Germanic peoples">Christianization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Christianity" title="Gothic Christianity">Gothic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_the_Franks" title="Christianization of the Franks">Christianization of the Franks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianisation_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England">Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Scandinavia" title="Christianization of Scandinavia">Christianization of Scandinavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Iceland" title="Christianization of Iceland">Christianization of Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#d5dcb0;"><div> 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