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href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Examples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophical_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophical_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Philosophical history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Philosophical_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Philosophical history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Philosophical_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pico_della_Mirandola" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pico_della_Mirandola"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pico della Mirandola</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pico_della_Mirandola-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortimer_Adler_and_Alan_Gewirth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortimer_Adler_and_Alan_Gewirth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mortimer Adler and Alan Gewirth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortimer_Adler_and_Alan_Gewirth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Nations_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Nations_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Nations_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Medicine</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Medicine subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_bodies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_bodies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>International bodies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_bodies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Law</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Law-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Law subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Canada_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>Iran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.7</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.8</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dignity</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" title="كرامة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرامة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignid%C3%A1" title="Dignidá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dignidá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%99yaq%C9%99t" title="Ləyaqət – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ləyaqət" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chun-gi%C3%A2m" title="Chun-giâm – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chun-giâm" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Годнасць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Годнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Годнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Годнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Достойнство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Достойнство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignitat" title="Dignitat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dignitat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B2%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Тивĕçлĕх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тивĕçлĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%AFstojnost" title="Důstojnost – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Důstojnost" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiremera" title="Chiremera – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiremera" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urddas" title="Urddas – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Urddas" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrde" title="Würde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Würde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inimv%C3%A4%C3%A4rikus" title="Inimväärikus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inimväärikus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignidad" title="Dignidad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dignidad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digno" title="Digno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Digno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duintasun" title="Duintasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Duintasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="بزرگ‌منشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بزرگ‌منشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignit%C3%A9" title="Dignité – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dignité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignidade" title="Dignidade – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dignidade" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4%EC%97%84" title="존엄 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존엄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Արժանապատվություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արժանապատվություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE" title="मर्यादा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मर्यादा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dostojanstvo" title="Dostojanstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dostojanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martabat" title="Martabat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martabat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignitate" title="Dignitate – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dignitate" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignit%C3%A0" title="Dignità – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dignità" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D" title="כבוד האדם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כבוד האדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignitas" title="Dignitas – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dignitas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrd" title="Würd – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Würd" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orumas" title="Orumas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Orumas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberi_m%C3%A9lt%C3%B3s%C3%A1g" title="Emberi méltóság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emberi méltóság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruah" title="Maruah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Maruah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BA%BA%E3%81%AE%E5%B0%8A%E5%8E%B3" title="個人の尊厳 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="個人の尊厳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godno%C5%9B%C4%87_cz%C5%82owieka" title="Godność człowieka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Godność człowieka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignidade" title="Dignidade – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dignidade" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demnitate" title="Demnitate – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Demnitate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Достоинство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Достоинство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinjiteti" title="Dinjiteti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dinjiteti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignity" title="Dignity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dignity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4stojnos%C5%A5" title="Dôstojnosť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dôstojnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="شکۆداری – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شکۆداری" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Достојанство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Достојанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihmisarvo" title="Ihmisarvo – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihmisarvo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="ศักดิ์ศรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศักดิ์ศรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haysiyet" title="Haysiyet – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Haysiyet" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Гідність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гідність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_ph%E1%BA%A9m" title="Nhân phẩm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân phẩm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person's right to be valued, respected and treated ethically</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dignity_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dignity (disambiguation)">Dignity (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Dignity</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">right</a> of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake, and to be treated ethically. In this context, it is of significance in <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethics" title="Ethics">ethics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> as an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a>-era concepts of <a href="/wiki/Natural_and_legal_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural and legal rights">inherent, inalienable rights</a>. The term may also be used to describe personal conduct, as in "behaving with dignity". </p><p>The content of contemporary dignity is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> of 1948, summarized in the principle that every human being has the right to human dignity. In Article 1, it is stipulated that 'All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word "dignity", attested from the early 13th century, comes from <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> concept of <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_(Roman_concept)" title="Dignitas (Roman concept)">dignitas</a></i></span></i>, variously translated as "worthiness" or "prestige",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by way of <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">dignité</i></span></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DIC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DIC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use">Modern use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>English-speakers often use the word "dignity" in proscriptive and cautionary ways: for example, in <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> it can be used to critique the treatment of oppressed and <a href="/wiki/Social_vulnerability" title="Social vulnerability">vulnerable</a> groups and peoples, but it has also been applied to <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">cultures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-cultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-cultures">sub-cultures</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious beliefs">religious beliefs</a> and ideals, and even to animals used for food or research. </p><p>"Dignity" also has descriptive meanings pertaining to the <i>worth</i> of human beings. In general, the term has various functions and meanings depending on how the term is used and on the context.<sup id="cite_ref-Shultziner,_D._Human_Dignity_-_Functions_and_Meanings._Global_Jurist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shultziner,_D._Human_Dignity_-_Functions_and_Meanings._Global_Jurist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In ordinary modern usage, the word denotes "<a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">respect</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">status</a>", and it is often used to suggest that someone is not receiving a proper degree of <a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">respect</a>, or even that they are failing to treat themselves with proper self-respect. There is also a long history of special <a href="/wiki/Philosophical" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophical">philosophical</a> use of this term. However, it is rarely defined outright in <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legal" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal">legal</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific">scientific</a> discussions. International proclamations have thus far left dignity undefined,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and scientific commentators, such as those arguing against <a href="/wiki/Genetic_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic research">genetic research</a> and <a href="/wiki/Algeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeny">algeny</a>, cite dignity as a reason but are ambiguous about its application.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aurel_Kolnai" title="Aurel Kolnai">Aurel Kolnai</a> states:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Dignity also tends to connote the features of self-contained serenity, of a certain inward and toned-down but yet translucent and perceptible power of self-assertion: the dignified type of character is chary of emphatic activity rather than sullenly passive, perhaps impassive rather than impassible, patient rather than anxiously defensive, and devoid but not incapable of aggressiveness.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Violations">Violations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Violations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categories">Categories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Categories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human dignity can be violated in multiple ways. The main categories of violations are:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Humiliation" title="Humiliation">Humiliation</a></dt> <dd>Violations of human dignity in terms of humiliation refer to acts that humiliate or diminish the self-worth of a person or a group. Acts of humiliation are context dependent but we normally have an intuitive understanding where such a violation occurs. As Schachter noted, "it has been generally assumed that a violation of human dignity can be recognized even if the abstract term cannot be defined. 'I know it when I see it even if I cannot tell you what it is<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More generally, etymology of the word "humiliation" has a universal characteristic in the sense that in all languages the word involves "downward spatial orientation" in which "something or someone is pushed down and forcefully held there".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This approach is common in judicial decisions where judges refer to violations of human dignity as injuries to people's self-worth or their self-esteem.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Instrumentalization or <a href="/wiki/Objectification" title="Objectification">objectification</a></dt> <dd>This aspect refers to treating a person as an instrument or as means to achieve some other goal. This approach builds on <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a>'s moral imperative stipulating that we should treat people as ends or goals in themselves, namely as having ultimate moral worth which should not be instrumentalized.</dd> <dt>Degradation</dt> <dd>Violations of human dignity as degradation refer to acts that degrade the value of human beings. These are acts that, even if done by consent, convey a message that diminishes the importance or value of all human beings. They consist of practices and acts that modern society generally considers unacceptable for human beings, regardless of whether subjective humiliation is involved, such as selling oneself to <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, or when a state authority deliberately puts prisoners in inhuman living conditions.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></dt> <dd>These are acts that strip a person or a group of their human characteristics. It may involve describing or treating them as animals or as a lower type of human beings. This has occurred in <a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">genocides</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">Holocaust</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a> where the minority were compared to insects.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the practices that violate human dignity include <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">social exclusion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_exploitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor exploitation">labor exploitation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonded_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonded labor">bonded labor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both absolute and relative poverty are violations of human dignity, although they also have other significant dimensions, such as <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social injustice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Absolute_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Absolute poverty">Absolute poverty</a> is associated with overt exploitation and connected to humiliation (for example, being forced to eat food from other people's garbage), but being dependent upon others to stay alive is a violation of dignity even in the absence of more direct violations. <a href="/wiki/Relative_poverty" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative poverty">Relative poverty</a>, on the other hand, is a violation because the cumulative experience of not being able to afford the same clothes, entertainment, social events, education, or other features of typical life in that society results in subtle humiliation; social rejection; marginalization; and consequently, a diminished self-respect. </p><p>Another example of violation of human dignity, especially for women in developing countries, is lack of <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a>. Having no access to <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilets</a> leaves currently about 1 billion people of the world with no choice other than to <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">defecation in the open</a>, which has been declared by the <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a> of the United Nations as an affront to personal dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Human dignity is also violated by the practice of employing people in India for "<a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">manual scavenging</a>" of <a href="/wiki/Human_excreta" class="mw-redirect" title="Human excreta">human excreta</a> from unsanitary toilets – usually by people of a lower <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">caste</a>, and more often by women than men.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a> (FGM) has been considered by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis I</a> to be an example of a practice that violates human dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Christian_(film)" title="The Magic Christian (film)">The Magic Christian</a></i> depicts a wealthy man (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a>) and his son (<a href="/wiki/Ringo_Starr" title="Ringo Starr">Ringo Starr</a>) who test the limits of dignity by forcing people to perform self-degrading acts for money. The <i><a href="/wiki/The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">Simpsons</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Homer_vs._Dignity" title="Homer vs. Dignity">Homer vs. Dignity</a>" has a similar plot. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophical_history">Philosophical history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philosophical history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Statue Depicting Dignity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg/250px-Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg/330px-Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Ripa_dignity_allegory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Woodcut from <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Ripa" title="Cesare Ripa">Cesare Ripa's</a> Iconologia depicting the Allegory of Dignity</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pico_della_Mirandola">Pico della Mirandola</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pico della Mirandola"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A philosopher of the Renaissance, <a href="/wiki/Mirandola,_Giovanni_Francesco_Pico_della" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirandola, Giovanni Francesco Pico della">Pico della Mirandola</a>, granted dignity to ideas and to beings. In his "<a href="/wiki/Oration_on_the_Dignity_of_Man" title="Oration on the Dignity of Man">Oration on the Dignity of Man</a>", he told hostile clerics about the dignity of the liberal arts and about the dignity and the glory of <a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">angels</a>. His comments implied the dignity of philosophers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This oration is commonly seen as one of the central texts of the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, intimately tied with the growth of humanist philosophies.<sup id="cite_ref-CrossLamm1984_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CrossLamm1984-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nauert1995_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nauert1995-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kant">Kant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kantian_ethics" title="Kantian ethics">Kantian ethics</a></div> <p>A philosopher of the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> (18th century), <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuel Kant</a> held that there were things that should not be discussed in terms of value, and that these things could be said to have dignity. '<a href="/wiki/Value_(ethics)" title="Value (ethics)">Value</a>' is necessarily relative, because the value of something depends on a particular observer's judgment of that thing. Things that are <i>not</i> relative – that are "ends in themselves", in Kant's terminology – are by extension beyond all value, and a thing is an <i>end in itself</i> only if it has a moral dimension; if it represents a choice between right and wrong. In Kant's words: "<a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">Morality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_nature" title="Human nature">humanity</a> as capable of it, is that which alone has dignity."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifically with respect to human dignity, which his writings brought from relative obscurity in Western philosophy into a focal point for philosophers, Kant held that "free will" is essential; human dignity is related to human agency, the ability of humans to choose their own actions.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Hara1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mortimer_Adler_and_Alan_Gewirth">Mortimer Adler and Alan Gewirth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mortimer Adler and Alan Gewirth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philosophers of the late 20th century who have written significant works on the subject of dignity include <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Adler" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortimer Adler">Mortimer Adler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gewirth" title="Alan Gewirth">Alan Gewirth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Hara1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gewirth's views on human dignity are typically compared and contrasted with Kant's, for like Kant he theorizes that human dignity arises from agency.<sup id="cite_ref-Peil2009_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peil2009-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BeyleveldBrownsword2001_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BeyleveldBrownsword2001-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But while sharing Kant's view that rights arise from dignity, Gewirth focused far more than Kant on the positive obligations that dignity imposed on humans, the moral requirement not only to avoid harming but to actively assist one another in achieving and maintaining a state of "well-being".<sup id="cite_ref-Peil2009_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peil2009-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among other topics, including the dignity of labor,<sup id="cite_ref-AdlerWeismann2000_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdlerWeismann2000-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adler extensively explored the question of human equality and equal right to dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Adler, the question of whether humans have equal right to dignity is intrinsically bound in the question of whether human beings are truly equal, which itself is bound in the question of whether human beings are a distinct class from all things, including animals, or vary from other things only by degree. Adler wrote that the only sense in which it is true that all human beings are equal is that they are equally distinct from animals.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The dignity of man," he said, "is the dignity of the human being as a person—a dignity that is not possessed by things."<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Adler, failure to recognize the distinction challenged the right of humans to equal dignity and equal treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dan Egonsson, followed by Roger Wertheimer, argued that while it is conventional for people to equate dignity with 'being human' (Egonsson's 'Standard Attitude', Wertheimer's 'Standard Belief'), people generally also import something other than mere humanness to their idea of dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egonsson suggested that an entity must be both human and <i>alive</i> to merit an ascription of dignity, while Wertheimer states "it is not a definitional truth that human beings have human status." </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schopenhauer" title="Arthur Schopenhauer">Arthur Schopenhauer</a>, dignity is opinion of others about our worth and subjective definition of dignity is our fear from this opinion of others.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a>'s views on dignity were complex, and debates over the role of dignity in his thought relate to the question of whether Marx's critique of capitalism had a moral dimension.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marx wrote positively about dignity in <a href="/wiki/Young_Marx" title="Young Marx">his early work</a>, and suggested it could underpin his theory of <a href="/wiki/Marx%27s_theory_of_alienation" title="Marx's theory of alienation">alienation</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017294_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017294-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however he elsewhere rejected the view that humans have a right to dignity, and argued that moral norms could not form the basis of a critique of capitalism because they form part of society's ideological <a href="/wiki/Base_and_superstructure" title="Base and superstructure">superstructure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017296–7_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017296–7-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The philosopher Somogy Varga argues that Marx's account of dignity forms part of a critique of Kantian ethics as unjusifiably imagining moral values to be <a href="/wiki/Transhistorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Transhistorical">transhistorical</a> rather than emerging from historical processes and social practices.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017297–8_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017297–8-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, Philippe-André Rodriguez has argued that human dignity is best understood as an <a href="/wiki/Essentially_contested_concept" title="Essentially contested concept">essentially contested concept</a>. As he argues, "it seems that it is this very nature of the concept that has allowed, on the one hand, human rights to receive such international acceptance as a theoretical enterprise and, on the other hand, has led the concept to be constantly challenged by different cultures worldwide."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human dignity is a central consideration of <a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Christian philosophy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Hara1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a> insists that the "dignity of the human person is rooted in his or her creation in the <a href="/wiki/Image_of_God" title="Image of God">image and likeness</a> of <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>". "All human beings", says the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Church</a>, "in as much as they are created in the image of God, have the dignity of a person." The catechism states in CCC 1703 (to be fact checked) that "the right to the exercise of freedom belongs to everyone because it is inseparable from his or her dignity as a human person",<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also links <a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">animal welfare</a> to human dignity: "it is contrary to human dignity to cause animals to suffer or die needlessly".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholic Church proclaims the equal dignity of all people, regardless of their living conditions or qualities. This dignity "comes from the love of the Creator" for humans that are created in his image; this dignity was further elevated by the incarnation and resurrection of Christ, since it caused humans to share the nature of God. Specifically, human dignity is intrinsic to human persons, and does not spring from agency or free will.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Human dignity, or <i>kevod ha-beriyot</i>, is also a central consideration of <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WaxmanGinor1998_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WaxmanGinor1998-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></i> cautions against giving charity publicly rather than in private to avoid offending the dignity of the recipient.<sup id="cite_ref-Sicker2001_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sicker2001-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medieval Jewish philosopher <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>, in his codification of <i><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></i>, cautioned judges to preserve the self-respect of people who came before them: "Let not human dignity be light in his eyes; for the respect due to man supersedes a negative rabbinical command".<sup id="cite_ref-Sicker2001_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sicker2001-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> view of dignity is crystallized in the Quran through the selected biographies of Noah, Abraham, Joseph, David, Moses, Mary, Jesus, Muhammed, and others (differing from the narratives in the Bible, which the Quran claims were corrupted). Individuals such as these are presented as role-models of dignity because they did not abandon their self-respect by bowing to social pressures. When faced with the fear of disapproval, poverty, hunger, death etc. these individuals held firm in their sense of right and wrong, which was in-line with Divine ordinances. "The right course is that on which one keeps his attitudes, ambitions and requirements subjected to the Divine Laws; and in this way leads a balanced and graceful life. Such a person has grasped the most trustworthy support which will never fail him" (Quran 31:22).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such individuals are given the title of Muhsineen, who faced immense pressures but held firm in their positive actions. God awarded these individuals with authority and status in the land, and this reward is open to anyone who proves themselves worthy: "We bestow such honour and position on all those who lead their lives according to Our Laws." (Quran 37:80)<sup id="cite_ref-tolueislam.org_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolueislam.org-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those who fall into this category are also afforded Divine protection from their mistakes: "Therefore We have saved you and your son from this. We have done so because We keep those who lead their lives according to Divine guidance safe from such mishaps." (37:104–105)<sup id="cite_ref-tolueislam.org_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tolueislam.org-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quranic State that Muhammad began in Medinah sought to protect human dignity, since in a Quranic Welfare State individuals are free to work and live without the pressures faced by the threat of poverty, and thus can obey God's Laws as free individuals, contributing as part of a unified brotherhood working towards achieving humanity's full potential. Elaborations on dignity have been made by many scholars of Islam, such as <a href="/wiki/Mohammad-Ali_Taskhiri" title="Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri">Mohammad-Ali Taskhiri</a>, head of the Islamic Culture and Communications Organization in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, in 1994. According to Taskhiri, dignity is a state to which all humans have equal <i>potential</i>, but which can only be actualized by living a life pleasing to the eyes of God.<sup id="cite_ref-HafezKenny2000_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HafezKenny2000-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in keeping with the 1990 <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam" title="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam">Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam</a>, which states that "True faith is the guarantee for enhancing such [basic human] dignity along the path to human perfection".<sup id="cite_ref-MAYER2006_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MAYER2006-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ultimately, the <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> understanding of human dignity is rooted in the idea that people are able to choose the path of self-perfection. The state of self-perfection, a condition of fully developed courage, wisdom and compassion, is described <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)"><span title="The geographic scope near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2024)">where?</span></a></i>]</sup> as Buddhahood or enlightenment. The idea that all people—all life, in fact—have this potential is expressed by the concept, stressed particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> tradition, that all living beings possess Buddha nature.<sup id="cite_ref-Buddhism_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buddhism-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_Nations_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights">United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with <a href="/wiki/Reason" title="Reason">reason</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conscience" title="Conscience">conscience</a> and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</li> <li>Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in <a href="/wiki/Universal_declaration_of_human_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal declaration of human rights">this Declaration</a>, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, <a href="/wiki/Birth" title="Birth">birth</a> or other status.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Articles 1 and 2</cite></div></li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicine">Medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 20th century, dignity became an issue for physicians and medical researchers. It has been invoked in questions of the <a href="/wiki/Bioethics" title="Bioethics">bioethics</a> of <a href="/wiki/Human_genetic_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Human genetic engineering">human genetic engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_cloning" title="Human cloning">human cloning</a>, and <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">end-of-life care</a> (particularly in such situations as the <a href="/wiki/Terri_Schiavo_case" title="Terri Schiavo case">Terri Schiavo case</a>, a controversial situation in which life support was withdrawn from a woman diagnosed in a <a href="/wiki/Persistent_vegetative_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Persistent vegetative state">persistent vegetative state</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bernan2008_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bernan2008-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_bodies">International bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: International bodies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1964, the <a href="/wiki/World_Medical_Association" title="World Medical Association">World Medical Association</a> issued the <i><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Helsinki" title="Declaration of Helsinki">Declaration of Helsinki</a></i>. The Declaration says at article 11, "It is the duty of physicians who participate in medical research to protect the life, health, dignity, <a href="/wiki/Integrity" title="Integrity">integrity</a>, right to <a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">self-determination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>, and confidentiality of personal information of research subjects."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> invoked dignity in its effort to govern the progress of biology and medicine. On 4 April 1997, the council, at Oviedo, approved the <i><a href="/wiki/Convention_for_the_Protection_of_Human_Rights_and_Dignity_of_the_Human_Being_with_regard_to_the_Application_of_Biology_and_Medicine" title="Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine">Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine</a></i>. The convention's preamble contains these statements, among others: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Conscious of the accelerating developments in biology and medicine; </p><p>Convinced of the need to respect the human being both as an individual and as a member of the human species and recognising the importance of ensuring the dignity of the human being; </p><p>Conscious that the misuse of biology and medicine may lead to acts endangering human dignity; </p><p> Resolving to take such measures as are necessary to safeguard human dignity and the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual with regard to the application of biology and medicine.</p></blockquote> <p>The Convention states, "Parties to this Convention shall protect the dignity and identity of all human beings and guarantee everyone, without discrimination, respect for their integrity and other rights and fundamental freedoms with regard to the application of biology and medicine." </p><p>In 1998, the United Nations mentioned dignity in the <i>UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights</i>. At Article 2, the declaration states, "Everyone has a right to respect for their dignity." At Article 24, the declaration warns that treating a person to remove a genetic defect "could be contrary to human dignity." The <i>Commentary</i> that accompanies the declaration says that, as a consequence of the possibility of germ-line treatment, "it is the very dignity of the human race which is at stake." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, the Government of Canada issued a report entitled "New Reproductive and Genetic Technologies". The report used "the principles of respect for human life and dignity" as its reason for recommending that various activities associated with genetic research and human reproduction be prohibited. The report said the prohibited activities were "contrary to <a href="/wiki/Canadian_values" title="Canadian values">Canadian values</a> of equality and respect for human life and dignity."<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministry of Health enacted the <i>Danish Council Act 1988</i>, which established the Danish Council of Ethics. The Council advises the Ministry on matters of medicine and genetic research on humans. In 2001, the Council condemned "reproductive cloning because it would violate human dignity, because it could have adverse consequences for the cloned person and because permitting research on reproductive cloning would reflect a disregard for the respect due to the moral status of embryos."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1984, France set up the National Consultative Committee for Ethics in the Life and Health Sciences (CCNE) to advise the government about the regulation of medical practices and research. In 1986, the CCNE said, "Respect for human dignity must guide both the development of knowledge and the limits or rules to be observed by research." The CCNE said that research on human embryos must be subject to "the rule of reason" and must have regard for "undefined dignity in its practical consequences."<sup id="cite_ref-avis008_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avis008-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The CCNE insisted that, in research on human embryos, the ethical principles that should apply are "respecting human dignity" and respecting "the dignity of science."<sup id="cite_ref-avis008_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avis008-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Council of Ethics of Portugal published its <i>Opinion on the Ethical Implications of Cloning</i> in 1997. The opinion states, "the cloning of human beings, because of the problems it raises concerning the dignity of the human person, the equilibrium of the human species and life in society, is ethically unacceptable and must be prohibited."<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sweden's <i>The Genetic Integrity Act</i> (2006:351), <i>The Biobanks in Medical Care Act</i> (2002:297), <i>Health and Medical Services (Professional Activities) Act</i> (1998:531), and <i>The Health and Medical Services Act</i> (1982:763) all express concern for "the integrity of the individual" or "human dignity."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, <a href="/wiki/The_President%27s_Council_on_Bioethics" class="mw-redirect" title="The President's Council on Bioethics">The President's Council on Bioethics</a> tried to arrive at a consensus about what dignity meant but failed. Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D., the council's chairman, says in the Letter of Transmittal to the President of The United States, "… there is no universal agreement on the meaning of the term, human dignity."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Law">Law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>McDougal, Lasswell, and Chen studied dignity as a basis for international law.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They said that using dignity as the basis for laws was a "<a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">natural law</a> approach."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The natural law approach, they said, depends upon "exercises of faith."<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McDougal, Lasswell, and Chen observed:<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The abiding difficulty with the natural law approach is that its assumptions, intellectual procedures, and modalities of justification can be employed equally by the proponents of human dignity and the proponents of human indignity in support of diametrically opposed empirical specifications of rights ...</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada_2">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2004, Canada enacted the <i><a href="/wiki/Assisted_Human_Reproduction_Act" title="Assisted Human Reproduction Act">Assisted Human Reproduction Act</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Section 2(b) of the Act states, "the benefits of assisted human reproductive technologies and related research for individuals, for families and for society in general can be most effectively secured by taking appropriate measures for the protection and promotion of human health, safety, dignity and rights in the use of these technologies and in related research." The Act prescribes a fine not exceeding $500,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding ten years, or both, if someone undertakes a proscribed activity such as the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Chimera_(genetics)" title="Chimera (genetics)">chimera</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union">European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Article 1 of the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_Fundamental_Rights_of_the_European_Union" title="Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union">Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union</a> affirms the inviolability of human dignity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_2">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1997, the National Consultative Committee for Ethics in the Life and Health Sciences, as well as other observers, noted that France's dignity-based laws on bio-medical research were paradoxical. The law prohibited the willful destruction of human embryos but directed that human embryos could be destroyed if they were more than five years old.<sup id="cite_ref-avis053_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avis053-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law prohibited research on human embryos created in France but permitted research on human embryos brought to France.<sup id="cite_ref-avis053_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-avis053-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law prohibited researchers from creating embryos for research but allowed researchers to experiment with embryos that were superfluous after <i>in vitro</i> fertilization.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human dignity is the fundamental principle of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Law_for_the_Federal_Republic_of_Germany" title="Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany">German constitution</a>. Article 1, paragraph 1 reads: "Human dignity shall be inviolable. To respect and protect it shall be the duty of all state authority." Human dignity is thus mentioned even before the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_life" title="Right to life">right to life</a>. This has a significant impact on German law-making and jurisdiction in both serious and trivial items: </p> <ul><li>Human dignity is the basis of § 131 of the <a href="/wiki/Strafgesetzbuch" title="Strafgesetzbuch">German criminal code</a>, which prohibits the depiction of cruelty against humans in an approving way. § 131 has been used to confiscate <a href="/wiki/Horror_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Horror movies">horror movies</a> and to ban <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a> like <i><a href="/wiki/Manhunt_(video_game)" title="Manhunt (video game)">Manhunt</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Kombat_(series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mortal Kombat (series)">Mortal Kombat</a></i> series.</li> <li>A decision<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the <a href="/wiki/Bundesverfassungsgericht" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundesverfassungsgericht">German Federal Constitutional Court</a> in 1977 said <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> without the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole#Criminal_justice" title="Parole">parole</a> is unconstitutional as a violation of human dignity (and the <i><a href="/wiki/Rechtsstaat" title="Rechtsstaat">Rechtsstaat</a></i> principle). Today, a prisoner serving a life term can be granted parole on good behavior as early as 15 years after being incarcerated, provided that his release is held to constitute little danger to the public. Persons deemed still dangerous can be incarcerated indefinitely on a life term, if this judgment is regularly reaffirmed.</li> <li>§ 14(3) of the <a href="/wiki/Luftsicherheitsgesetz" title="Luftsicherheitsgesetz">Luftsicherheitsgesetz</a>, which would have allowed the <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> to shoot down airliners if they are used as weapons by terrorists, was declared unconstitutional mainly on the grounds of human dignity: killing a small number of innocent people to save a large number cannot be legalized since it treats dignity as if it were a measurable and limited quantity.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Benetton_Group" title="Benetton Group">Benetton</a> advertisement showing human buttocks with an "<a href="/wiki/H.I.V." class="mw-redirect" title="H.I.V.">H.I.V.</a> positive" stamp was declared a violation of human dignity by some courts, but in the end found legal.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The first German law legalizing <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> in 1975 was declared unconstitutional because the court held that <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> had human dignity.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new law on abortion was developed in the 1990s. This law makes all abortions <i>de jure</i> illegal, except if preceded by counseling (§ 219(1) of the German criminal code).</li> <li>In a decision from 1981, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Administrative_Court_(Germany)" title="Federal Administrative Court (Germany)">German Federal Administrative Court</a> declared that <a href="/wiki/Peep_show" title="Peep show">peep shows</a> violated the human dignity of the performer, regardless of their feelings. The decision was later revised. Peep shows where the performer cannot see the persons who are watching them remain prohibited as a matter of dignity.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word 'dignity' is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Constitution_of_India" title="Preamble to the Constitution of India">Preamble to the Constitution of India</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens </p><p>JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; </p><p> IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this 26th day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.</p></blockquote> <p>The preamble is widely regarded as the backbone of the Indian constitution, and is seen as embodying its spirit. There have been instances where in contentious situations like the passing of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/et-explains/citizenship-amendment-bill-what-does-it-do-and-why-is-it-seen-as-a-problem/articleshow/72436995.cms">Citizenship Amendment Act, 2019</a>, criticisms have been made by recalling the constitutional Values of dignity and national integrity, as mentioned in the Preamble.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iran">Iran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Iran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The need to respect human dignity has been written in the Iranian constitution law. Article 2 of the Iranian Constitution Law mentions six principles and infrastructures as basic to the governing system which in Article 1 is called the Islamic Republic of Iran. The sixth principle of this Article concerns human dignity and stipulates that "the Islamic Republic of Iran is a system founded on faith in ….6) Human dignity and high value and his/her freedom as well as his responsibility before God"[3]. Besides, in the prelude to the Constitution, human dignity is referred to concerning the mass media.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_South_Africa" title="Constitution of South Africa">Constitution of South Africa</a> lists "human dignity, the achievement of equality and the advancement of human rights and freedoms" as one of the founding values of the South African state, and the <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_(South_Africa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill of Rights (South Africa)">Bill of Rights</a> is described as affirming the "democratic values of human dignity, equality and freedom". Section 10 of the Constitution explicitly states that "Everyone has inherent dignity and the right to have their dignity respected and protected." In jurisprudence, the right to dignity is often seen as underlying more specific rights, such as equality, security of the person or privacy, but it has been directly applied in a number of cases relating to <a href="/wiki/Criminal_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal punishment">criminal punishment</a>, the law of <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a>, and the right to marriage and family life.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Federal_Constitution" title="Swiss Federal Constitution">Swiss Federal Constitution</a> provides in article 7 that "Human dignity must be respected and protected."<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also provides, in art. 120, that the state must "take account of the dignity of living beings as well as the safety of human beings, animals and the environment" when legislating on the use of reproductive and genetic material;<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consequently the Federal Ethics Commission on Non-Human Biotechnology (ECNH) issued, in 2008, a publication entitled "The dignity of living beings with regard to plants".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admiration" title="Admiration">Admiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomy" title="Autonomy">Autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Freedom_and_Dignity" title="Beyond Freedom and Dignity">Beyond Freedom and Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_of_risk" title="Dignity of risk">Dignity of risk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_in_dying" class="mw-redirect" title="Dignity in dying">Dignity in dying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dignity_taking" title="Dignity taking">Dignity taking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanity_(virtue)" title="Humanity (virtue)">Humanity (virtue)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_performance" title="Identity performance">Identity performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impression_management" title="Impression management">Impression management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industriousness" class="mw-redirect" title="Industriousness">Industriousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pride" title="Pride">Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pity" title="Pity">Pity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">Quality of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respect" title="Respect">Respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Righteous_indignation" title="Righteous indignation">Righteous indignation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-concept" title="Self-concept">Self-concept</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination_theory" title="Self-determination theory">Self-determination theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-esteem" title="Self-esteem">Self-esteem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-respect" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-respect">Self-respect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_management" title="Stigma management">Stigma management</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBidouh2020" class="citation journal cs1">Bidouh, Soumaya (December 15, 2020). "Euthanasia: the individual and dignity": <span class="nowrap">76–</span>83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Euthanasia%3A+the+individual+and+dignity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E76-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.date=2020-12-15&rft.aulast=Bidouh&rft.aufirst=Soumaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Harper" title="Douglas Harper">Harper, Douglas</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=dignity&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fallowed_in_frame%3D0%26search%3Ddignity%26searchmode%3Dnone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DIC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DIC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/dignity">"Dignity - Define Dignity at Dictionary.com"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=Dignity+-+Define+Dignity+at+Dictionary.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.reference.com%2Fbrowse%2Fdignity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shultziner,_D._Human_Dignity_-_Functions_and_Meanings._Global_Jurist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shultziner,_D._Human_Dignity_-_Functions_and_Meanings._Global_Jurist_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShultziner2003" class="citation journal cs1">Shultziner, Doron (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241002874">"Human Dignity – Functions and Meanings"</a>. <i>Global Jurist</i>. <b>3</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Jurist&rft.atitle=Human+Dignity+%E2%80%93+Functions+and+Meanings&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Shultziner&rft.aufirst=Doron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F241002874&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Those provisions concerning human dignity have not been authoritatively interpreted or applied by any of the competent, independent, international institutions." Bartha Maria Knoppers, <i>Human Dignity and Genetic Heritage: Study Paper</i> (Law Reform Commission of Canada, 1991), note, at 23. None of the international proclamations make dignity the rare quality that some commentators say it should be.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Myres S. McDougal, Harold D. Lasswell, and Lung-chu Chen, <i>Human Rights and World Public Order: The Basic Policies of an International Law of Human Dignity</i> (New Haven: Yale UP, 1980), note, at 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarees2012" class="citation book cs1">Harees, Lukman (2012-01-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DWqolvx1oakC"><i>The Mirage of Dignity on the Highways of Human 'progress': – the Bystanders' Perspective –</i></a>. AuthorHouse (published 2012). p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781467007733" title="Special:BookSources/9781467007733"><bdi>9781467007733</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-22</span></span>. <q>Even in recent times, when dignity of the human came into scientific discourses especially in the area of genetic related research, the scientific commentators, such as those arguing against such researches and algeny, <i>cite dignity as a reason but are ambiguous about its application</i>. [Italics in original]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mirage+of+Dignity+on+the+Highways+of+Human+%27progress%27%3A+%E2%80%93+the+Bystanders%27+Perspective+%E2%80%93&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2012-01-16&rft.isbn=9781467007733&rft.aulast=Harees&rft.aufirst=Lukman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWqolvx1oakC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKolnai1976" class="citation journal cs1">Kolnai, Aurel (July 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/philosophy/article/abs/dignity/5EB7B54CE75B9490742D41A56624C97E">"Dignity"</a>. <i>Philosophy</i>. <b>51</b> (197): <span class="nowrap">251–</span>271. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS003181910001932X">10.1017/S003181910001932X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-817X">1469-817X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243183323">243183323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy&rft.atitle=Dignity&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=197&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E251-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.date=1976-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243183323%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1469-817X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS003181910001932X&rft.aulast=Kolnai&rft.aufirst=Aurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fphilosophy%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fdignity%2F5EB7B54CE75B9490742D41A56624C97E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaulus_KaufmannHannes_KuchChristian_NeuhäuserElaine_Webster2010" class="citation book cs1">Paulus Kaufmann; Hannes Kuch; Christian Neuhäuser; Elaine Webster, eds. (2010-10-07). <i>Humiliation, Degradation, Dehumanization: Human Dignity Violated</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789048196616" title="Special:BookSources/9789048196616"><bdi>9789048196616</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humiliation%2C+Degradation%2C+Dehumanization%3A+Human+Dignity+Violated&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft.isbn=9789048196616&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchachter1983" class="citation journal cs1">Schachter, Oskar (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2202536">"Human dignity as a normative concept"</a>. <i>American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>77</b> (4): 849. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2202536">10.2307/2202536</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2202536">2202536</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Human+dignity+as+a+normative+concept&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=849&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2202536&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2202536%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schachter&rft.aufirst=Oskar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2307%252F2202536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinder2006" class="citation book cs1">Linder, Evelin (2006). <i>Making enemies: Humiliation and international conflict</i>. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+enemies%3A+Humiliation+and+international+conflict&rft.place=Westport%2C+CT&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Linder&rft.aufirst=Evelin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShultzinerRabinovici2012" class="citation journal cs1">Shultziner, Doron; Rabinovici, Itai (2012). "Human Dignity, Self-Worth and Humiliation: A Comparative Legal–Psychological Approach". <i>Psychology, Public Policy, and Law</i>. <b>18</b> (1): 105. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fa0024585">10.1037/a0024585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology%2C+Public+Policy%2C+and+Law&rft.atitle=Human+Dignity%2C+Self-Worth+and+Humiliation%3A+A+Comparative+Legal%E2%80%93Psychological+Approach&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=105&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2Fa0024585&rft.aulast=Shultziner&rft.aufirst=Doron&rft.au=Rabinovici%2C+Itai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JMP (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2036">Progress on drinking water and sanitation, 2014 Update</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115029/http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2036">Archived</a> 2015-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978%2B92%2B4%2B150724%2B0" title="Special:BookSources/978+92+4+150724+0">978 92 4 150724 0</a>, page 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW2014_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/india0814_ForUpload_0.pdf">"Cleaning Human Waste: "manual scavenging", Caste and Discrimination in India"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Human Rights Watch. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleaning+Human+Waste%3A+%22manual+scavenging%22%2C+Caste+and+Discrimination+in+India&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Freports%2Findia0814_ForUpload_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPullella2022" class="citation news cs1">Pullella, Philip (2022-02-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-says-female-genital-mutilation-affronts-dignity-must-end-2022-02-06/">"Pope says female genital mutilation affronts dignity, must end"</a>. <i>Reuters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Pope+says+female+genital+mutilation+affronts+dignity%2C+must+end&rft.date=2022-02-06&rft.aulast=Pullella&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpope-says-female-genital-mutilation-affronts-dignity-must-end-2022-02-06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/Mirandola/">"Redirection"</a>. <i>umich.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=umich.edu&rft.atitle=Redirection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cscs.umich.edu%2F~crshalizi%2FMirandola%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CrossLamm1984-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CrossLamm1984_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrossRobert_Carson_LammRudy_H._Turk1984" class="citation book cs1">Cross, Neal Miller; Robert Carson Lamm; Rudy H. Turk (1984). <i>The search for personal freedom</i>. W.C. Brown. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0697031303" title="Special:BookSources/978-0697031303"><bdi>978-0697031303</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+search+for+personal+freedom&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=W.C.+Brown&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0697031303&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Neal+Miller&rft.au=Robert+Carson+Lamm&rft.au=Rudy+H.+Turk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nauert1995-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nauert1995_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNauert1995" class="citation book cs1">Nauert, Charles Garfield (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanismcultureo00naue"><i>Humanism and the culture of Renaissance Europe</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanismcultureo00naue/page/67">67</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521407243" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521407243"><bdi>978-0521407243</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Humanism+and+the+culture+of+Renaissance+Europe&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0521407243&rft.aulast=Nauert&rft.aufirst=Charles+Garfield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanismcultureo00naue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Immanuel Kant, <i>Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals</i>, trans. by Thomas Kingsmill Abbott (Second Section: Transition From Popular Moral Philosophy To The Metaphysic Of Morals).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Hara1999-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-O'Hara1999_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Hara1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, Phillip Anthony (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpo02ohar">"Human dignity"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopedia of political economy</i>. Routledge. p. 471. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415187176" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415187176"><bdi>978-0415187176</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Human+dignity&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+political+economy&rft.pages=471&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0415187176&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=Phillip+Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofpo02ohar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peil2009-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peil2009_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peil2009_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhite2009" class="citation book cs1">White, Mark D. (2009). "Dignity". In Jan Peil (ed.). <i>Handbook of Economics and Ethics</i>. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 85. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845429362" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845429362"><bdi>978-1845429362</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dignity&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Economics+and+Ethics&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1845429362&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Mark+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BeyleveldBrownsword2001-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BeyleveldBrownsword2001_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeyleveldRoger_Brownsword2001" class="citation book cs1">Beyleveld, Deryck; Roger Brownsword (2001). <i>Human dignity in bioethics and biolaw</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198268260" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198268260"><bdi>978-0198268260</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+dignity+in+bioethics+and+biolaw&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0198268260&rft.aulast=Beyleveld&rft.aufirst=Deryck&rft.au=Roger+Brownsword&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdlerWeismann2000-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AdlerWeismann2000_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdlerMax_Weismann2000" class="citation book cs1">Adler, Mortimer Jerome; Max Weismann (2000). <i>How to think about the great ideas: from the great books of western civilization</i>. Open Court Publishing. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812694123" title="Special:BookSources/978-0812694123"><bdi>978-0812694123</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+to+think+about+the+great+ideas%3A+from+the+great+books+of+western+civilization&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Open+Court+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0812694123&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Mortimer+Jerome&rft.au=Max+Weismann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdler1952" class="citation web cs1">Adler, Mortimer (1952-10-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100620172623/http://cooperativeindividualism.org/adler-mortimer_dignity-of-man.html">"The Dignity of Man and the 21st century"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cooperativeindividualism.org/adler-mortimer_dignity-of-man.html">the original</a> on 2010-06-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dignity+of+Man+and+the+21st+century&rft.date=1952-10-10&rft.aulast=Adler&rft.aufirst=Mortimer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cooperativeindividualism.org%2Fadler-mortimer_dignity-of-man.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMortimer_Jerome_Adler1993" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer Jerome Adler (1993). <i>The Difference of Man and the Difference It Makes</i>. Fordham Univ Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0823215355" title="Special:BookSources/978-0823215355"><bdi>978-0823215355</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Difference+of+Man+and+the+Difference+It+Makes&rft.pub=Fordham+Univ+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0823215355&rft.au=Mortimer+Jerome+Adler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMortimer_Jerome_Adler1997" class="citation book cs1">Mortimer Jerome Adler (1 December 1997). <i>Six Great Ideas</i>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0684826813" title="Special:BookSources/978-0684826813"><bdi>978-0684826813</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+Great+Ideas&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1997-12-01&rft.isbn=978-0684826813&rft.au=Mortimer+Jerome+Adler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer (1997), 165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer (1993), 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer (1993), 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mortimer (1997), 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Egonsson, <i>Dimensions of Dignity: The Moral Importance of Being Human</i> (Dordrecht, Sweden: Kluwer Academic, 1998) 132,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Roger Wertheimer, "Philosophy on Humanity," in <i>Abortion: Pro and Con</i>, R. L. Perkins ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1974) 107–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Schopenhauer. Essays and Aphorisms</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarga2017" class="citation book cs1">Varga, Somogy (2017). "Taking Refuge from History in Morality: Marx, Morality, and Dignity". In Debes, Remy (ed.). <i>Dignity: A History</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 292.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Taking+Refuge+from+History+in+Morality%3A+Marx%2C+Morality%2C+and+Dignity&rft.btitle=Dignity%3A+A+History&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Varga&rft.aufirst=Somogy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017294-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017294_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarga2017">Varga 2017</a>, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017296–7-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017296–7_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarga2017">Varga 2017</a>, pp. 296–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarga2017297–8-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarga2017297–8_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVarga2017">Varga 2017</a>, pp. 297–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2015" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, Philippe-André (2015). "Human dignity as an essentially contested concept". <i>Cambridge Review of International Affairs</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09557571.2015.1021297">10.1080/09557571.2015.1021297</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144462238">144462238</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Review+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Human+dignity+as+an+essentially+contested+concept&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09557571.2015.1021297&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144462238%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=Philippe-Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Galatians%203:28&version=nrsv">Galatians 3:28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2025:35–40&version=nrsv">Matthew 25:35–40</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/index.htm">"Vatican"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Vatican&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holy See, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P8B.HTM">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>, paragraph 2418, accessed 30 January 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dignitas_Infinita" title="Dignitas Infinita">Declaration "Dignitas Infinita" on Human dignity</a>, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaxmanGinor1998-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WaxmanGinor1998_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaxmanTseviyah_Ben-Yosef_GinorZvia_Ginor1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Waxman" title="Mordecai Waxman">Waxman, Mordecai</a>; Tseviyah Ben-Yosef Ginor; Zvia Ginor (1998). <i>Yakar le'Mordecai</i>. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0881256321" title="Special:BookSources/978-0881256321"><bdi>978-0881256321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yakar+le%27Mordecai&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=KTAV+Publishing+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0881256321&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Mordecai&rft.au=Tseviyah+Ben-Yosef+Ginor&rft.au=Zvia+Ginor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sicker2001-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sicker2001_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sicker2001_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Sicker2001" class="citation book cs1">Martin Sicker (2001). <i>The political culture of Judaism</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0275972578" title="Special:BookSources/978-0275972578"><bdi>978-0275972578</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+political+culture+of+Judaism&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0275972578&rft.au=Martin+Sicker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405162608/http://www.tolueislam.org/Parwez/expo/expo_031.htm">"Luqmân"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolueislam.org/Parwez/expo/expo_031.htm">the original</a> on 2013-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luqm%C3%A2n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolueislam.org%2FParwez%2Fexpo%2Fexpo_031.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tolueislam.org-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tolueislam.org_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tolueislam.org_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130405163507/http://www.tolueislam.org/Parwez/expo/expo_037.htm">"As-S?ff?t"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolueislam.org/Parwez/expo/expo_037.htm">the original</a> on 2013-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-02-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=As-S%3Fff%3Ft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolueislam.org%2FParwez%2Fexpo%2Fexpo_037.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HafezKenny2000-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HafezKenny2000_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHafezMary_Ann_Kenny2000" class="citation book cs1">Hafez, Kai; Mary Ann Kenny (2000). <i>The Islamic world and the West: an introduction to political cultures and international relations</i>. Brill. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004116511" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004116511"><bdi>978-9004116511</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Islamic+world+and+the+West%3A+an+introduction+to+political+cultures+and+international+relations&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9004116511&rft.aulast=Hafez&rft.aufirst=Kai&rft.au=Mary+Ann+Kenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MAYER2006-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MAYER2006_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMayer2006" class="citation book cs1">Mayer, Ann Elizabeth (2006). <i>Islam and Human Rights: Tradition and Politics</i>. Westview Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0813343358" title="Special:BookSources/978-0813343358"><bdi>978-0813343358</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Human+Rights%3A+Tradition+and+Politics&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0813343358&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=Ann+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buddhism-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buddhism_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sgi.org/buddhism/buddhist-concepts/buddhism-and-human-dignity.html">"Buddhism and Human Dignity"</a>. <i>sgi.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sgi.org&rft.atitle=Buddhism+and+Human+Dignity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgi.org%2Fbuddhism%2Fbuddhist-concepts%2Fbuddhism-and-human-dignity.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bernan2008-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bernan2008_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGelernter2008" class="citation book cs1">Gelernter, David (2008). "The Irreducably Religious Character of Human Dignity". In Bernan (ed.). <i>Human Dignity and Bioethics: Essays Commissioned by the President's Council on Bioethics</i>. Government Printing Office. p. 388. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0160800719" title="Special:BookSources/978-0160800719"><bdi>978-0160800719</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Irreducably+Religious+Character+of+Human+Dignity&rft.btitle=Human+Dignity+and+Bioethics%3A+Essays+Commissioned+by+the+President%27s+Council+on+Bioethics&rft.pages=388&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0160800719&rft.aulast=Gelernter&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm">Declaration of Helsinki by World Medical Association</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090220183350/http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm">Archived</a> 2009-02-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2329538&Language=e&Mode=1&File=28">"House Government Bill – C-47, Second Reading (35–2)"</a>. <i>parl.gc.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=parl.gc.ca&rft.atitle=House+Government+Bill+%E2%80%93+C-47%2C+Second+Reading+%2835%E2%80%932%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.parl.gc.ca%2FHousePublications%2FPublication.aspx%3FDocId%3D2329538%26Language%3De%26Mode%3D1%26File%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gratton, Brigitte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etiskraad.dk/sw293.asp"><i>Survey on the National Regulations in the European Union regarding Research on Human Embryos</i> (July 2002), 16.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avis008-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avis008_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avis008_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/docs/en/avis008.pdf">CCNE Opinion no. 8.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081113231959/http://ccne-ethique.fr/docs/en/avis008.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-11-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gratton, Brigitte. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etiskraad.dk/sw293.asp"><i>Survey on the National Regulations in the European Union regarding Research on Human Embryos</i> (July 2002), 53.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smer.se/Bazment/266.aspx">Swedish statutes.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100818061730/http://www.smer.se/Bazment/266.aspx">Archived</a> 2010-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916023939/http://www.bioethics.gov/">"Home Page – Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues"</a>. <i>bioethics.gov</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioethics.gov">the original</a> on 2008-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bioethics.gov&rft.atitle=Home+Page+%E2%80%93+Presidential+Commission+for+the+Study+of+Bioethical+Issues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioethics.gov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Myres S. McDougal, Harold D. Lasswell, and Lung-chu Chen, <i>Human Rights and World Public Order: The Basic Policies of an International Law of Human Dignity</i> (New Haven: Yale UP, 1980).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDougal et al, note, at 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDougal et al, note, at 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McDougal et al, note, at 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605063723/http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/ShowFullDoc/cs/A-13.4///en">"Page not Found – Page non trouvé"</a>. 5 June 2011. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Page+not+Found+%E2%80%93+Page+non+trouv%C3%A9&rft.date=2011-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws.justice.gc.ca%2Fen%2FShowFullDoc%2Fcs%2FA-13.4%2F%2F%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite uses generic title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-avis053-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-avis053_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-avis053_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccne-ethique.fr/docs/en/avis053.pdf">CCNE Opinion no. 053.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081113231600/http://ccne-ethique.fr/docs/en/avis053.pdf">Archived</a> 2008-11-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cazeau, Bernard. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.fr/senfic/cazeau_bernard98029w.html">Senat.fr</a> Retrieved 2009-04-11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/dfr/bv045187.html">"DFR – BVerfGE 45, 187 – Lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe"</a>. <i>unibe.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unibe.ch&rft.atitle=DFR+%E2%80%93+BVerfGE+45%2C+187+%E2%80%93+Lebenslange+Freiheitsstrafe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Fdfr%2Fbv045187.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/rs20030311_1bvr042602.html">"Bundesverfassungsgericht"</a>. <i>bverfg.de</i>. 11 March 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bverfg.de&rft.atitle=Bundesverfassungsgericht&rft.date=2003-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bverfg.de%2Fentscheidungen%2Frs20030311_1bvr042602.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stern.de/presse/stern/:25.03.2003-Benetton-Werbung:/505780.html">Stern.de</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202172716/http://www.stern.de/presse/stern/%3A25.03.2003-Benetton-Werbung%3A/505780.html">Archived</a> 2009-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gkpn.de/singer2.htm">German law about abortion.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202111015/http://www.gkpn.de/singer2.htm">Archived</a> 2009-02-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thewire.in/rights/caa-constitution-equality">"Not Just Equality, the CAA Betrays Constitutional Values of Dignity, Integrity"</a>. <i>The Wire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wire&rft.atitle=Not+Just+Equality%2C+the+CAA+Betrays+Constitutional+Values+of+Dignity%2C+Integrity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthewire.in%2Frights%2Fcaa-constitution-equality&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Salehi, Hamid Reza. Human Dignity From the Viewpoint of Iranian Law, Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2013, 135–136. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11673-013-9437-8">10.1007/s11673-013-9437-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCurriede_Waal2005" class="citation book cs1">Currie, Iain; de Waal, Johan (2005). "Chapter Ten: Human dignity". <i>The Bill of Rights Handbook</i> (5th ed.). Cape Town: Juta. pp. <span class="nowrap">272–</span>279. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0702159237" title="Special:BookSources/978-0702159237"><bdi>978-0702159237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Ten%3A+Human+dignity&rft.btitle=The+Bill+of+Rights+Handbook&rft.place=Cape+Town&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E272-%3C%2Fspan%3E279&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Juta&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0702159237&rft.aulast=Currie&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft.au=de+Waal%2C+Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/101/a7.html">Official translation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141004153619/http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/101/a7.html">Archived</a> 2014-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of art. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/101/a120.html">Official translation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141019054042/http://www.admin.ch/ch/e/rs/101/a120.html">Archived</a> 2014-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of art. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816194422/http://www.ekah.admin.ch/fileadmin/ekah-dateien/dokumentation/publikationen/e-Broschure-Wurde-Pflanze-2008.pdf">"English language publication"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>admin.ch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ekah.admin.ch/fileadmin/ekah-dateien/dokumentation/publikationen/e-Broschure-Wurde-Pflanze-2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=admin.ch&rft.atitle=English+language+publication&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ekah.admin.ch%2Ffileadmin%2Fekah-dateien%2Fdokumentation%2Fpublikationen%2Fe-Broschure-Wurde-Pflanze-2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Dignity" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Dignity">Dignity</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dignity" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dignity">Dignity</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEl_Bernoussi2014" class="citation journal cs1">El Bernoussi, Zaynab (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/894798">"The postcolonial politics of dignity: From the 1956 Suez nationalization to the 2011 Revolution in Egypt"</a>. <i>International Sociology</i>. <b>30</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">367–</span>382. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0268580914537848">10.1177/0268580914537848</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220723176">220723176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Sociology&rft.atitle=The+postcolonial+politics+of+dignity%3A+From+the+1956+Suez+nationalization+to+the+2011+Revolution+in+Egypt&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E367-%3C%2Fspan%3E382&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0268580914537848&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220723176%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=El+Bernoussi&rft.aufirst=Zaynab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F894798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADignity" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andorno, Roberto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/RobertoAndorno/Papers/444667/Human_Dignity_and_Human_Rights_As_a_Common_Ground_for_a_Global_Bioethics">"Human dignity and human rights as a common ground for a global bioethics"</a>. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy, 2009, 34(3):223–240.</li> <li>Saccà, Luigi. "A Biophilosophical Model of Human Dignity: The Argument from Development in a Four-Dimensionalist Perspective". International Journal of Applied Philosophy, 2013, 27(2):175–194. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fijap20131221">10.5840/ijap20131221</a></li> <li>Folot, Eric. "Human Dignity (Part 1): Its Critics" <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=2354171">https://ssrn.com/abstract=2354171</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.legavox.fr/blog/ethos/dignite-humaine-partie-detracteurs-12702.htm">http://www.legavox.fr/blog/ethos/dignite-humaine-partie-detracteurs-12702.htm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Koninck" title="Thomas De Koninck">Thomas De Koninck</a>, <i>De la dignité humaine</i>, Paris, Quadrige/PUF, 1995, 2nd ed. in 2002 (Award "La Bruyère" of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Académie française">Académie française</a>, 1996).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_De_Koninck" title="Thomas De Koninck">Thomas De Koninck</a>, "Protecting Human Dignity in Research Involving Humans", <i>Journal of Academic Ethics</i>, vol. 7, issue 1–2, 2009, pp. 17–25.</li> <li>Pele, Antonio. <span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2005005&orden=68707&info=link">Una aproximación al concepto de dignidad humana</a> Universitas. Revista de filosofía, derecho y política (Spain), Nº. 1, 2004 2005, pp. 9–13.</li> <li>Piechowiak, Marek. <i>Plato's Conception of Justice and the Question of Human Dignity.</i> Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019; second edition, revised and extended, Berlin: Peter Lang 2021. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3726%2Fb18092">10.3726/b18092</a>.</li> <li>Sweet, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110823153443/http://old.fedcan.ca/english/pdf/advocacy/BOHSweet0507.pdf">[1]</a>. 'Whose Dignity is it Anyway? Lecture presented as part of the 'Breakfast on the Hill' series, Parliament Hill, Ottawa, Canada, May 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://de.spiritualwiki.org/Wiki/Dignity">Dignity Spiritualwiki</a></li> <li>Dilley, Stephen and Nathan Palpant (eds.), <i>Human Dignity in Bioethics. From Worldviews to the Public Square.</i> New York: Routledge, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415659314/">[2]</a></li> <li>Spiegel, Alix: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2011/09/12/140336146/for-the-dying-a-chance-to-rewrite-life"><i>For The Dying, A Chance To Rewrite Life</i></a>, Radio Feature about <i>dignity therapy</i>, an <i>end-of-life treatment</i> created <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Chochinov" title="Harvey Chochinov">Harvey Chochinov</a>, <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 12. September 2011.</li> <li>Salehi, Hamid Reza. "Human Dignity From the Viewpoint of Iranian Law", <i>Journal of Bioethical Inquiry</i>, Volume 10, Issue 2, June 2013, 135–136. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11673-013-9437-8">10.1007/s11673-013-9437-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dignity&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_rights" title="Template:Human rights"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_rights" title="Template talk:Human rights"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_rights" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human rights"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights317" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights" title="Children's rights">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fundamental concepts<br />and philosophies</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_law" title="Positive law">Positive law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction" title="Universal jurisdiction">Universal jurisdiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Distinctions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claim_rights_and_liberty_rights" title="Claim rights and liberty rights">Claim rights and liberty rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">Individual and group rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal punishment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_organisations" title="List of human rights organisations">List of human rights organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_human_rights_institution" title="National human rights institution">National human rights institutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Africa" title="Human rights in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Europe" title="Human rights in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in South America">South America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Oceania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Oceania (page does not exist)">Oceania</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human rights abuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrocity_crime" title="Atrocity crime">Atrocity crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruel,_inhuman,_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment">Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearance" title="Enforced disappearance">Enforced disappearances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_migration" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced migration">Forced migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses" title="Category:Human rights abuses">Human rights abuses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">against Palestinians by Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_at_Guant%C3%A1namo_Bay_detention_camp" title="Human rights violations at Guantánamo Bay detention camp">at Guantánamo Bay detention camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_during_the_Battle_of_Mosul_(2016-2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)">during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Gaddafi_regime" title="Human rights violations during the Gaddafi regime">during the Gaddafi regime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Human rights violations during the Libyan civil war (2011)">during the Libyan civil war (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Afghanistan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Afghanistan">in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Algeria" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Algeria">in Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Angola" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Angola">in Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Algeria" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Algeria">in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Armenia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Armenia">in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Australia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Australia">in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Austria" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Austria">in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir">in Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Azerbaijan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Azerbaijan">in Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Bahrain" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Bahrain">in Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Balochistan" title="Human rights abuses in Balochistan">in Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Bangladesh">in Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Belarus" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Belarus">in Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Bolivia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Bolivia">in Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Botswana" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Botswana">in Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Brazil" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Brazil">in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Burkina Faso">in Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Burundi" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Burundi">in Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Cambodia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Cambodia">in Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Canada" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Canada">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Chile" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Chile">in Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Chile_under_Augusto_Pinochet" title="Human rights abuses in Chile under Augusto Pinochet">in Chile under Augusto Pinochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_China" title="Category:Human rights abuses in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Cuba" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Cuba">in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Egypt" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_El_Salvador" title="Category:Human rights abuses in El Salvador">in El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Ethiopia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Ethiopia">in Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_France" title="Category:Human rights abuses in France">in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Gabon" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Gabon">in Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Ghana" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Ghana">in Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Germany" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Germany">in Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Guatemala" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Guatemala">in Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Hong_Kong" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Hong Kong">in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Egypt" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Egypt">in Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Haiti" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Haiti">in Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_India" title="Category:Human rights abuses in India">in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Indonesia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Indonesia">in Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Iran" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Iran">in Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Iraq" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Iraq">in Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Ireland" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Ireland">in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Israel" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Israel">in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Italy" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Italy">in Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Jammu and Kashmir">in Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Japan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Kashmir">in Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Kazakhstan">in Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Kenya" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Kenya">in Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Kuwait" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Kuwait">in Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Kyrgyzstan">in Kyrgyzstan‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Lebanon" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Lebanon">in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Libya" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Libya">in Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Lithuania" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Lithuania">in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Malawi" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Malawi">in Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Malaysia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Malaysia">in Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Manipur" title="Human rights abuses in Manipur">in Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Mexico" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Mexico">in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Morocco" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Morocco">in Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Myanmar" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Myanmar">in Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Nepal" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Nepal">in Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_New_Zealand" title="Category:Human rights abuses in New Zealand">in New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Nigeria" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Nigeria">in Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_North_Korea" title="Category:Human rights abuses in North Korea">in North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Palestine" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Palestine">in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Panama" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Panama">in Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Papua New Guinea">in Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Peru" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Peru">in Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Poland" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Poland">in Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Punjab,_India" title="Human rights abuses in Punjab, India">in Punjab, India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Romania" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Romania">in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Russia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Russia">in the Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Saudi Arabia">in Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Sierra Leone">in Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Sindh" title="Human rights abuses in Sindh">in Sindh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Human rights abuses in South Africa">in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_South_Korea" title="Category:Human rights abuses in South Korea">in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Sri Lanka">in Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Sudan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Sudan">in Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Switzerland" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Switzerland">in Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Syria" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Syria">in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Taiwan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Taiwan">in Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Thailand" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Thailand">in Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the Dominican Republic">in the Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_Philippines" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the Philippines">in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the Soviet Union">in the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the United Arab Emirates">in the United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Human rights abuses in the United States">in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Turkey" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Turkey">in Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Uganda" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Uganda">in Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Ukraine" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Ukraine">in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Uzbekistan" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Uzbekistan">in Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Venezuela" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Venezuela">in Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Vietnam" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Vietnam">in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Yemen" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Yemen">in Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_in_Zimbabwe" title="Category:Human rights abuses in Zimbabwe">in Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_Marcos_dictatorship" title="Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship">of the Marcos dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_of_the_military_dictatorship_in_Brazil_(1964-1985)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights abuses of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)">of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide" title="Incitement to genocide">Incitement to genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Human_rights_abuses_by_country" title="Category:Human rights abuses by country">List of human rights abuses by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Victims_of_human_rights_abuses" title="Category:Victims of human rights abuses">Victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_human_rights" title="History of human rights">History of human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">List of global issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_human_rights_awards" title="List of human rights awards">List of human rights awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_generations_of_human_rights" title="Three generations of human rights">Three generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274782#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata930" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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