Operative Neurosurgery

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-US"> <head> <script type='text/javascript' data-ot-ignore>const otAllowScripts = ['/init.js']; new MutationObserver(function (d) { Array.prototype.forEach.call(d, function (g) { Array.prototype.forEach.call(g.addedNodes, function (e) { try { if ('script' === e.tagName?.toLowerCase() && otAllowScripts.some(s => e.src?.includes(s))) { e.setAttribute('data-ot-ignore', ''); } } catch (err) { console.error(err); } }) }) }).observe(document.documentElement, { childList: !0, subtree: !0, attributes: !0, attributeFilter: ['src'] });</script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/consent/7537629c-faa0-40ce-a837-f7b14c0d4e70/OtAutoBlock.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="7537629c-faa0-40ce-a837-f7b14c0d4e70"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-cookiepro.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <title> Operative Neurosurgery </title>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.setAttributeNode(d.createAttribute('data-ot-ignore'));j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NLR6H6W');</script>  <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft SharePoint" /><meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /><script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-310e337bbb542715b7f","applicationID":"1029107228","transactionName":"ZgdWMRZUVkVSBUBbCl9NdTY0GldYQAlaXgxfBxs6B1RMV18JU0FKXANHEQFHSFdUAxtAAEISWwsXXE5TQwdTVwlQG1sQEBtZRUMe","queueTime":1,"applicationTime":429,"agent":"","atts":""}</script><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1103305545",accountID:"2792772",trustKey:"1191223",xpid:"VgEOU1FUChABVFNbBgEAVFYJ",licenseKey:"NRJS-310e337bbb542715b7f",applicationID:"1029107228"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><meta charset="utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><meta http-equiv="Expires" content="0" /><meta name="DCSext.AbsHTMLview" content="1" /><meta name="WT.cg_n" content="onsonline" /><meta name="WT.cg_s" content="Articles" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title" content="Operative Neurosurgery" /><meta name="wkhealth_journal_title_legacy" content="Operative Neurosurgery" /><meta name="wkhealth_issue" content="1" /><meta name="wkhealth_article_publication_date" content="2019-12-19" /><meta name="wkhealth_volume" content="19" /><meta name="wkhealth_ovid_accession_number" content="01787389-202007000-00002" /><meta name="wkhealth_issn" content="2332-4252" /><meta name="wkhealth_title" content="Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy" /><meta name="wkhealth_authors" content="Bunevicius, Adomas;McDannold, Nathan Judson;Golby, Alexandra J" /><meta name="wkhealth_doi" content="10.1093/ons/opz374" /><meta name="wkhealth_abstract_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_fulltext_html_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_section" content="REVIEW" /><meta name="wkhealth_toc_sub_section" /><meta name="wkhealth_eJpId" content="onsonline:2020:07000:00002" /><meta name="wkhealth_firstpage" content="9" /><meta name="wkhealth_date" content="July 2020" /><meta name="wkhealth_pdf_url" content="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=Other&an=01787389-202007000-00002" /><meta name="Description" content="BACKGROUND A key challenge in the medical treatment of brain tumors is the limited penetration of" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="LWW" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy : Operative Neurosurgery" /><meta property="og:description" content="tool to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into brain tumors. OBJECTIVE To review the mechanism of FUS, preclinical evidence, and clinical studies that used low-frequency FUS for a BBB opening in gliomas. METHODS Literature review. RESULTS The potential of externally delivered low-intensity ultrasound for a temporally and spatially precise and predictable disruption of the BBB has been investigated for over a decade, yielding extensive preclinical literature demonstrating that FUS can disrupt the BBB in a spatially targeted and temporally reversible manner. Studies in animal models documented that FUS enhanced the delivery of numerous chemotherapeutic and investigational agents across the BBB and into brain tumors, including temozolomide, bevacizumab, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, doxorubicin, viral vectors, and cells. Chemotherapeutic interventions combined with FUS slowed tumor progression and improved animal survival. Recent advances of MRgFUS systems allow precise, temporally and spatially controllable, and safe transcranial delivery of ultrasound energy. Initial clinical evidence in glioma patients has shown the efficacy of MRgFUS in disrupting the BBB, as demonstrated by an enhanced gadolinium penetration. CONCLUSION Thus far, a temporary disruption of the BBB followed by the administration of chemotherapy has been both feasible and safe. Further studies are needed to determine the actual drug delivery, including the drug distribution at a tissue-level scale, as well as effects on tumor growth and patient prognosis...." /><meta property="og:image" content="https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/SocialThumb.01787389-202007000-00002.fig1.jpeg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1772" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="1053" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx" /><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary" /><meta name="robots" content="index, follow, noarchive" /><meta name="WT.sv" content="ZUSE1PEJPWEB03" /><meta name="Title" content="Operative Neurosurgery" /><style id="SPThemeHideForms" type="text/css">body {opacity:0 !important}</style>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arvo:400,400i,700|Fira+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,600,600i,700,700i&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /> <script> // temporary workaround for Bug 316328:[Stage][Registration][Regression 05.04] - Omniture events are not displayed for article viewer page // prevents JS exception in Adobe launch.js caused by situation when wkhealth_institution_type meta tag is present while wkhealth_institution_name tag is not in the page head // see this check in Adobe launch.js: null != document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']") ... // TODO: implement proper code fix after release 05.04.00 deployment var wkhealth_institution_type = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_type']"); var wkhealth_institution_name = document.querySelector("meta[name='wkhealth_institution_name']"); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_type); console.warn(wkhealth_institution_name); if (wkhealth_institution_type && !wkhealth_institution_name) { console.warn('Workaround in release 05.04.00 - removing wkhealth_institution_type meta tag if wkhealth_institution_name is not present'); wkhealth_institution_type.remove(); } </script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk-logos/1.0.x/favicon.png" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" id="favicon" /> <link id="ctl00_ctl14_wkfavicon_linkFavIcon" rel="shortcut icon" href="/onsonline/PublishingImages/WKfavicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"></link> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/_layouts/15/images/SharePointMetroAppTile.png" /><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#0072C6" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/Themable/corev15.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/bootstrap.min.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link id="ctl00_ctl14_FontAwesomeStylesheet" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://unpkg.com/font-awesome@4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"></link> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/bootstrap-overwrites.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/tachyons.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/onsonline/_layouts/15/1033/styles/oaks.journals/base-main-header.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-core.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp-print.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="print" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jqueryui.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/onsonline/Style%20Library/journal.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/onsonline/Style%20Library/custom.journal.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="screen" /> <script>var WebContext = {"EndPoints":{"ArticleMetricsEndpoint":"//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc","ThirdPartyRSSFeedServiceEndPoint":"https://services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ThirdPartyRSSFeedService.svc","JwtTokenServiceEndpoint":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/JsonWebToken.svc"}}</script> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var g_SPOffSwitches={}; // ]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/1033/initstrings.js?rev=LwWun7qw6kDU1ggsF%2FPjVQ%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/init.js?rev=tU8IR9byA92XOx74eVNGsA%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/1033/strings.js?rev=ooCIBqeqttT8yh%2BYJX1d8A%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/theming.js?rev=SuLUbbwTXcxFWOWLFUsOkw%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/ie55up.js?rev=crNyMuTrnREqTu75xaukgw%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=F7rjznvAP1ZvjwmSYaDR9a3zqrnKFnNGXs7A_cRIg2rplizpOOjwg9eBfW_KxBMLRVN3lzATjzWkisQusj_Iaw7I7xHhM2EsA2p1WTk5lIh-1_uEIMq1sktVYKM3D6Gp5VSqOtDTEnrScqHWTHOzdCPnKDjm2mtJH72pNbP0u4uI_zDnfi9spPAqI_kz3qnF0&t=ffffffffaa493ab8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_layouts/15/blank.js?rev=DkvtcIrq8iOu%2FY%2Ff2C9qhQ%3D%3DTAG0"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=yatK8ruofouVZAe4qMCnoohEpb3HRGGjDeZZjZ7kMmC722OeAMhxqxkQCI5Rxx8YROZ4ohEXEd-BY-UzqqqylduXIs6jc38C73kN3lT2QdlwTljpny1fYEjcvvbYSMHNq1-TT-bDa0cFUDuAr5ywhChhEELpPbB_In_xfOO6OlgjpjP86LmsgZzKkXo8aCS90&t=ffffffffaa493ab8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=Fr5k7XDliwj7SPEiKSqb-V3uT_yv_Vc0LBq3yd_m1_Ea8vkvI41fPqtWB8rH7kW9D2--SObxiXOCEDDg2Tv5yxNEAylK5ZpV5j9rD03yPUcCPh8w-y9A8MWLSg0jrQ-0kisGzu4Hba8Ct3e6oiiAj5nLa8lUDGLzNSKFrT8wEzRvrGDuqa6AKloxdLDyhLNb6sYlIjtGIn7oUTXlG_HGsg2&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=LXNyktQiaIpbp533FW-c46OHB30ylIqDlrzk7r3HlWeMLy05SwQ7ZZDsPGq7NzzDRSU0tvewepiuVrszZuoio7QLmOYibhCj6dQNfSL2hGpxpyP-E7et27fbWMHpoIuHecopwN8d_b-WR8rimwUGdbN6akitIdX32lXMez7LH7qkG1jVMDvXf2M0_6gdMpGjpPKlEhmMrNGzYuo05_KLRO4TeTkKykcR_5pPB2fyzgk1&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=UozfgYfgcP8g118ZMoKEWz_x5V51ZaIWOeFUe49mdZ8Yy8frQahBfRlFRNNeizXxYfmbtpE1uZMOMW2QeF7QCWjREvRvpNDSCGO5YICh1GalcUtEGJaGvVObluwmGza6-lV8S-wgb9vDF6UYZlWbyLOo-d94ckB8BN1hUlnIdqL9auDE1qR-ddFC7rw_89VZWQ6uTxR6vOlq2jE0iTr3J_6_Q3a7SLOduMua_ZXDgk7k01lBMUodCwi6dm-oTxLE0&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=ZWgxL8bxzPcm3sf7nBtjnXIE2wsAF-izuHnFdkP9YIwhY40NTQZWAMXXd5_I4JNrdCjHASB5kHO0Yp663zuk5AhL_jRl1k_SY5vnpUrSCkFxyolVdXM4FQlXIKn4Vvw31N76GuK5LU06Z_W9PLwfY2Syw-289UtPxVzBx9gVTRruCab2sQxw8wsPzWwQuzodrorJnIINUBwKL_vl4JpUyg2&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=EBaCwkyF6v0hRUf3ae-93ssVmxQ7oIMqv_PPxkqrb9oreHGbb2-nfpYVrHcdp3m-zVM-7IejfExLCflpv83MelmvDxCP_bfWTqE6qeqNKtnJrC6U7f-VSqzDeiqxeFeQcr2gdWPsj6xuQIL9yofEjL-H9aGyCIOqWIpEBJ7whIjP5cINMF1LSl9sjJQ7m8EzvCkRy97Lv87xdtMaOwsPZQua3oe2eRAfQMy5DfH1rBU1&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=wD8VqdUYdbEDwBKpnhKPdzJbzZckynHSZAFSwtw0pb9xBjjkE5QcyWugHeKYmmlr5VSa3nfGB1Xz7jafz_E7BWSKiwSgokhW7jiO928L_QrPFxF6EUuMyF_R_k74O2ZH3Z2j_4YTihok5YYe4jIHNbXew2ICIYicdQ6t5hTNp6rgynp1DalRocxe5znBs87HZLCu8p1QfDK38eKJRZE968HV31IWzfYmG-OLm0YY--COCDBd2W06gq-Q4GGHyVyR0&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=-7EYqBUD5SBnN9GXen_j6q1vUCHCiGsBm9LG-6jUM7Rd46ySBRRKNEzamKwU97Ev4GNWdvuZGqjKPpTco_vaUnZotagIyWjSOr8Y_YpPpCBN41u1qvqUa_Z3KhaMpFpLnBCVAOGXsZBX0gnLdrWl7SPrwgrfSJovgJOyKQNohnCagrVGRS7D0SajjiwZiBwbRFFXzQUODi-UXS4-R3OUE9NEoYmrfX_DvTq3geTEsrQ1&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=1Bz5XD8diaSe1jTYew43lskkqvoOQ7xUk9zYBR9yPfNI5dG64NIPCYkFSKOHNDL_QVi-dGp62xDY0jGHiOTaybK9bApxYHqJLIbzEwEQB4irPiQPiKBzzY5p7N4f-D0FpCNtiMYBBQwavF6nxBbyIVOMdRyTBQ10Hm9Zmj9z2NOmhfNxDVkOcXNQDwO54qpnA74wIl4P7kqB5Ngz9hx4kY3xEadtMKXSX7uqRVTMzso1&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=2jUlVNSVbehJJ-Lt4PSuX3imkArDDoAUwrw500StXDnRKdoHS2np91egmJiBUG7feIOax9x-3d3eG4JYvatg-8X9LQmJU49eWww19gWY7vSdphyQrCWf_QI352TwlgZkOjBO9SLzCdnP0Rkx2chN2q3GkIbDzjCD2z0q_V19F4FLoBgT9FcKUizcWUqIzBoXhgYN9ZOMKI0YCb0cjcqnIG9l7yUe6eYzolUqVyyoo5k1&t=596f116c"></script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("require.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002frequire.js?rev=bv3fWJhk0uFGpVwBxnZKNQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("core.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fcore.js?rev=KQ5\u00252BHLbmiwYd3zps1UauyA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("menu.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fmenu.js?rev=kef5Ll8uG3FU4y3TKp9odw\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("mQuery.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fmquery.js?rev=83uwW5\u00252BeqNZ7KAouMnuqNg\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("callout.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fcallout.js?rev=ijn0evgF0N\u00252Bql7Rk6kfFnw\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("callout.js", "mQuery.js");RegisterSodDep("callout.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("clienttemplates.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fclienttemplates.js?rev=qCKt1p7AzzLRcELGpoUh\u00252BQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("sharing.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fsharing.js?rev=UA\u00252FVfSl7wMk7bCLHD0xEzQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "mQuery.js");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "clienttemplates.js");RegisterSodDep("sharing.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("suitelinks.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fsuitelinks.js?rev=LhToRtZ9QwBC8kr2zkrTPQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("suitelinks.js", "core.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("followingcommon.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002ffollowingcommon.js?rev=\u00252FbzeSqqnwVKNkfXSg8idZQ\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "sp.js");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "userprofile");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "core.js");RegisterSodDep("followingcommon.js", "mQuery.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("profilebrowserscriptres.resx", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002f1033\u002fprofilebrowserscriptres.js?rev=qwf69WaVc1mYlJLXqmZmVA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("inplview", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002finplview.js?rev=y76T7Yi1fEhor3ACn\u00252FLrmA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "core.js");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "clienttemplates.js");RegisterSodDep("inplview", "sp.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("dragdrop.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fdragdrop.js?rev=noOiJJw\u00252BbQX\u00252BGFjEKMK8DA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("quicklaunch.js", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fquicklaunch.js?rev=54IIzaYsNaXEJw7BUSb3pA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");RegisterSodDep("quicklaunch.js", "dragdrop.js");</script> <script type="text/javascript">RegisterSod("WPAdderClass", "\u002f_layouts\u002f15\u002fwpadder.js?rev=o4niFaimrGQjq\u00252BofsYPJYA\u00253D\u00253DTAG0");</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jquery.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/bootstrap.bundle.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/jqueryui.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <link type="text/xml" rel="alternate" href="/onsonline/_vti_bin/spsdisco.aspx" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx" /> <noscript> <meta http-equiv="Refresh" content="3;url=/_layouts/1033/OAKS.Journals/Error/JavaScript.html" /> </noscript> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/lww-core.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/journal-navigation.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/journals_master.min.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/manifest.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ejp.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/react-redux-vendors.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var scpl_time = new Date(); scpl_time = scpl_time.getTime(); window.A8AJQ = jQuery.noConflict(); window.$ = jQuery.noConflict(); </script> <script async type="text/plain" src="https://aim-tag.hcn.health/js/client.js?dl=aimDataLayer&target=ie11" class="optanon-category-C0004"></script> <script> window.aimDataLayer = window.aimDataLayer || []; function aimTag() { aimDataLayer.push(arguments); } aimTag('2429bf11-c05b-409f-b998-8acef505546e', 'pageview'); aimTag('2429bf11-c05b-409f-b998-8acef505546e', 'signal', function (err, success) { if (err) { console.log(err); } else { console.log(success); if (success.identity_type === "AUT") { } } }); </script> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1093/ons/opz374"></head> <body id="ctl00_BodyTag" class="lww-body lww-article-view"> <span class="js-custom-event" data-config="{"name":"omni:page:view","detail":{"uid":"","uid_src":"None","page_loc":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Abstract&context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15","page_ttl":"Operative Neurosurgery"},"order":2147483647,"config":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false}}"></span>  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLR6H6W"height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <div id="imgPrefetch" style="display:none"> <img src="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk-logos/1.0.x/favicon.png?rev=43" /> <img src="/_layouts/15/images/spcommon.png?rev=43" /> </div> <noscript><div class='noindex'>You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page.</div></noscript> <form method="post" action="/onsonline/abstract/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15" onsubmit="javascript:return WebForm_OnSubmit();" id="aspnetForm"> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcmWpid" id="_wpcmWpid" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="wpcmVal" id="wpcmVal" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOWebPartPage_PostbackSource" id="MSOWebPartPage_PostbackSource" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_SelectedWpId" id="MSOTlPn_SelectedWpId" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_View" id="MSOTlPn_View" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_ShowSettings" id="MSOTlPn_ShowSettings" value="False" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOGallery_SelectedLibrary" id="MSOGallery_SelectedLibrary" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOGallery_FilterString" id="MSOGallery_FilterString" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOTlPn_Button" id="MSOTlPn_Button" value="none" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__REQUESTDIGEST" id="__REQUESTDIGEST" value="noDigest" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_DisplayModeName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_DisplayModeName" value="Browse" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_ExitingDesignMode" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_ExitingDesignMode" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOWebPartPage_Shared" id="MSOWebPartPage_Shared" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOLayout_LayoutChanges" id="MSOLayout_LayoutChanges" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOLayout_InDesignMode" id="MSOLayout_InDesignMode" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpSelected" id="_wpSelected" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wzSelected" id="_wzSelected" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_OldDisplayModeName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_OldDisplayModeName" value="Browse" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_StartWebPartEditingName" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_StartWebPartEditingName" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="MSOSPWebPartManager_EndWebPartEditing" id="MSOSPWebPartManager_EndWebPartEditing" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="listContainerControlstate" id="listContainerControlstate" value="AAEAAAD/////AQAAAAAAAAAEAQAAAA5TeXN0ZW0uQm9vbGVhbgEAAAAHbV92YWx1ZQABAAs=" /> <input type="hidden" name="hiddenDisplayItemView" id="hiddenDisplayItemView" value="Citation" /> <input type="hidden" name="hiddenSortBy" id="hiddenSortBy" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__LASTFOCUS" id="__LASTFOCUS" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var theForm = document.forms['aspnetForm']; if (!theForm) { theForm = document.aspnetForm; } function __doPostBack(eventTarget, eventArgument) { if (!theForm.onsubmit || (theForm.onsubmit() != false)) { theForm.__EVENTTARGET.value = eventTarget; theForm.__EVENTARGUMENT.value = eventArgument; theForm.submit(); } } //]]> </script> <script src="/WebResource.axd?d=dnaDAFNiQGyAS-8AAnEusSAvRcEvxsZnbowJJdr_Pi9Oz7lzs5k45FStkRo1xlEHk9NeovbY1Hwq_CwXR_md87LXDXM1L2hMpaL8ksMyAA01&t=637811513229275428" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var MSOWebPartPageFormName = 'aspnetForm'; var g_presenceEnabled = true; var g_wsaEnabled = false; var g_correlationId = '48d167a1-521e-f0c3-6507-596cd2adbc1d'; var g_wsaQoSEnabled = false; var g_wsaQoSDataPoints = []; var g_wsaRUMEnabled = false; var g_wsaLCID = 1033; var g_wsaListTemplateId = 850; var g_wsaSiteTemplateId = 'EJOURNALS#7'; var _spPageContextInfo={"webServerRelativeUrl":"/onsonline","webAbsoluteUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline","viewId":"","listId":"{8099510d-eced-447d-bc88-2829535e7b3a}","listPermsMask":{"High":0,"Low":200769},"listUrl":"/onsonline/Pages","listTitle":"Pages","listBaseTemplate":850,"viewOnlyExperienceEnabled":false,"blockDownloadsExperienceEnabled":false,"idleSessionSignOutEnabled":false,"cdnPrefix":"","siteAbsoluteUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline","siteId":"{48ed9b15-518b-4f78-a8f9-fe61551ad400}","showNGSCDialogForSyncOnTS":false,"supportPoundStorePath":true,"supportPercentStorePath":true,"siteSubscriptionId":null,"CustomMarkupInCalculatedFieldDisabled":true,"AllowCustomMarkupInCalculatedField":false,"isSPO":false,"farmLabel":null,"serverRequestPath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","layoutsUrl":"_layouts/15","webId":"{68877438-4312-4eba-8e79-cf495cede979}","webTitle":"Operative Neurosurgery","webTemplate":"20200","webTemplateConfiguration":"EJOURNALS#7","webDescription":"Home","tenantAppVersion":"0","isAppWeb":false,"webLogoUrl":"_layouts/15/images/siteicon.png","webLanguage":1033,"currentLanguage":1033,"currentUICultureName":"en-US","currentCultureName":"en-US","currentCultureLCID":1033,"env":null,"nid":0,"fid":0,"serverTime":"2024-11-26T23:56:27.6049175Z","siteClientTag":"4$$16.0.10415.20001","crossDomainPhotosEnabled":false,"openInClient":false,"Has2019Era":true,"webUIVersion":15,"webPermMasks":{"High":0,"Low":196608},"pageListId":"{8099510d-eced-447d-bc88-2829535e7b3a}","pageItemId":145,"pagePermsMask":{"High":0,"Low":200769},"pagePersonalizationScope":1,"userEmail":"","userId":0,"userLoginName":null,"userDisplayName":null,"isAnonymousUser":true,"isAnonymousGuestUser":false,"isEmailAuthenticationGuestUser":false,"isExternalGuestUser":false,"systemUserKey":null,"alertsEnabled":true,"siteServerRelativeUrl":"/onsonline","allowSilverlightPrompt":"True","themeCacheToken":"/onsonline::4:","themedCssFolderUrl":null,"themedImageFileNames":null,"modernThemingEnabled":true,"isSiteAdmin":false,"ExpFeatures":[480216468,1884350801,1158731092,62197791,538521105,335811073,4194306,34614301,268500996,-1946025984,28445328,-2147475455,134291456,65536,288,950272,1282,808326148,134217873,0,0,-1073217536,545285252,18350656,-467402752,6291457,-2147483644,1074794496,-1728053184,1845537108,622628,4102,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"killSwitches":{},"InternalValidAuthorities":["journals.na.lww.com","journals.lww.com","journals.na.lww.com","journals.lww.com","cloud-journals.lww.com","cloud-journals.lww.com"],"CorrelationId":"48d167a1-521e-f0c3-6507-596cd2adbc1d","hasManageWebPermissions":false,"isNoScriptEnabled":false,"groupId":null,"groupHasHomepage":true,"groupHasQuickLaunchConversationsLink":false,"departmentId":null,"hubSiteId":null,"hasPendingWebTemplateExtension":false,"isHubSite":false,"isWebWelcomePage":false,"siteClassification":"","hideSyncButtonOnODB":false,"showNGSCDialogForSyncOnODB":false,"sitePagesEnabled":false,"sitePagesFeatureVersion":0,"DesignPackageId":"00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000","groupType":null,"groupColor":"#ee0410","siteColor":"#ee0410","headerEmphasis":0,"navigationInfo":null,"guestsEnabled":false,"MenuData":{"SignInUrl":"/onsonline/_layouts/15/Authenticate.aspx?Source=%2Fonsonline%2Fabstract%2F2020%2F07000%2Ffocused%5Fultrasound%5Fstrategies%5Ffor%5Fbrain%5Ftumor%2E2%2Easpx%3Fcontext%3Dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3D15"},"RecycleBinItemCount":-1,"PublishingFeatureOn":true,"PreviewFeaturesEnabled":false,"disableAppViews":false,"disableFlows":false,"serverRedirectedUrl":null,"formDigestValue":"0x79E188DBD94BAC50DA56A899D82E541BA55B2ABD1B93365450C91B6A09D9F028C3EAC5D75F2B3F186C9A8476C15D7931D8CF7E4D80A74B91B6618C6F7AB5F8E5,26 Nov 2024 23:56:27 -0000","maximumFileSize":10240,"formDigestTimeoutSeconds":1800,"canUserCreateMicrosoftForm":false,"canUserCreateVisioDrawing":true,"readOnlyState":null,"isTenantDevSite":false,"preferUserTimeZone":false,"userTimeZoneData":null,"userTime24":false,"userFirstDayOfWeek":null,"webTimeZoneData":null,"webTime24":false,"webFirstDayOfWeek":null,"isSelfServiceSiteCreationEnabled":null,"alternateWebAppHost":"","aadTenantId":"","aadUserId":"","aadInstanceUrl":"","msGraphEndpointUrl":"https://","allowInfectedDownload":true};_spPageContextInfo.updateFormDigestPageLoaded=new Date();_spPageContextInfo.clientServerTimeDelta=new Date(_spPageContextInfo.serverTime)-new Date();if(typeof(define)=='function'){define('SPPageContextInfo',[],function(){return _spPageContextInfo;});}var L_Menu_BaseUrl="/onsonline"; var L_Menu_LCID="1033"; var L_Menu_SiteTheme="null"; document.onreadystatechange=fnRemoveAllStatus; function fnRemoveAllStatus(){removeAllStatus(true)};//]]> </script> <script src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/alerts-subscription.min.js?v=05.24.00.023" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Flighting.ExpFeatures = [480216468,1884350801,1158731092,62197791,538521105,335811073,4194306,34614301,268500996,-1946025984,28445328,-2147475455,134291456,65536,288,950272,1282,808326148,134217873,0,0,-1073217536,545285252,18350656,-467402752,6291457,-2147483644,1074794496,-1728053184,1845537108,622628,4102,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]; (function() { if(typeof(window.SP) == "undefined") window.SP = {}; if(typeof(window.SP.YammerSwitch) == "undefined") window.SP.YammerSwitch = {}; var ysObj = window.SP.YammerSwitch; ysObj.IsEnabled = false; ysObj.TargetYammerHostName = "www.yammer.com"; } )(); var _spWebPartComponents = new Object();function openEmtcIfAuthenticated(resourceId){logCounterDataEmailToColleagueByAN('01787389-202007000-00002', false); window.location.assign('https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15');}function slideShow_NavigateToUrl(urlToNavigate) { $('#ArticleImageModal').modal('hide'); logCounterDataImageGalleryByAN('01787389-202007000-00002'); window.location = urlToNavigate; }function HideSlideShow() { $('#ArticleImageModal').modal('hide'); }//]]> </script> <script src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/ListContainerControlBase.js?v=05.24.00.023" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function getSelectedItemsField() { return $get("selectedItems"); }function getCheckBoxListContainer() { return $get("checkBoxListContainer"); }function getListActionsContainerTop() { return $get("listActionsContainerTop"); }function getListActionsContainerBottom() { return $get("listActionsContainerBottom"); }function getSelectedItemsCount() {{ return getSelectedItemsField().value.split(';').length - 1; }}function article_AddSelectedItem(){ addToMyCollectionsLinkClicked('00002'); }function getEmailRegularExpression() { return /^(([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)\.([a-zA-Z]{2,5}){1,25})$/; }function getMultipleEmailsRegularExpression() { return /^(([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)\.([a-zA-Z]{2,5}){1,25})+([;.](([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)@([a-zA-Z0-9_\-\.]+)\.([a-zA-Z]{2,5}){1,25})+)*$/; }function getMailMessage() { return 'Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in Operative Neurosurgery.'; }function getImageCountStatus() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_imageCountStatus"); }function getCallshowImage() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_callShowImage"); }function getImageUrl() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_url"); }function getDescription() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_description"); }function getImageSourceTitle() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceTitle"); }function getImageSourceUrl() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceUrl"); }function getImageSourceInfo() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceInfo"); }function getImageKey() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_key"); }function getImageFullSizeUrl() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_fullSizeUrl"); }function getImageGalleryUrl() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_imageGalleryUrl"); }function getEmailTOColleaguePopupID() { return "ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague"; }function image(id, nextImageId, previousImageId, title, description, rolloverUrl, popupUrl, fullSizeUrl, originalUrl, imageGalleryUrl, windowId){this.id = id;this.title = title;this.description = description;this.rolloverUrl = rolloverUrl;this.popupUrl = popupUrl;this.nextImageId = nextImageId;this.previousImageId = previousImageId; this.fullsizeUrl = fullSizeUrl; this.originalUrl = originalUrl;this.imageGalleryUrl = imageGalleryUrl; this.windowId=windowId}function Global_GetImagesCollection(){var images = new Object();images["fig1"]=new image("fig1","fig2","","FIGURE 1.","Mechanism of action increased BBB permeability using the FUS. Made in \u00A9 BioRender – <span xmlns:ssr=\"http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xmlns:xhtml=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"> \r\n <a href=\"http://www.biorender.com\" onclick=\"javascript:window.open(\'http://www.biorender.com\');return false\">biorender.com</a></span>.","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Rollover.01787389-202007000-00002.fig1.jpeg","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Gallery.01787389-202007000-00002.fig1.jpeg","https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/ImageView.aspx?k=onsonline:2020:07000:00002&i=fig1&year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Abstract&context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Original.01787389-202007000-00002.fig1.jpeg","/onsonline/pages/imagegallery.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002", "onsonline_2020_07000_00002_fig1");images["fig2"]=new image("fig2","fig3","fig1","FIGURE 2.","Focal BBB disruption in the rabbit brain using FUS. Left panel, Localized extravasation of Magnevist (MRI contrast agent) in areas of blood-barrier disruption as seen on contrast enhanced T1-weighted brain MRI. Right panel, Change in contrast enhancement over time in the 4 sonicated brain regions and in nonsonicated (control) brain region. Reprinted with permission from Jolesz FA, McDannold N. Current status and future potential of MRI‐guided focused ultrasound surgery. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 2008;27(2):9. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Rollover.01787389-202007000-00002.fig2.jpeg","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Gallery.01787389-202007000-00002.fig2.jpeg","https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/ImageView.aspx?k=onsonline:2020:07000:00002&i=fig2&year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Abstract&context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Original.01787389-202007000-00002.fig2.jpeg","/onsonline/pages/imagegallery.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002", "onsonline_2020_07000_00002_fig2");images["fig3"]=new image("fig3","","fig2","FIGURE 3.","T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced axial brain MRI immediately after BBB disruption with MRgFUS that demonstrates contrast extravasation in a discrete and precise grid pattern (enlarged panel) in regions where sonication was performed. Figure is reprinted from Mainprize T, et al (2019). Blood-Brain Barrier Opening in Primary Brain Tumors with Non-invasive MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound: A Clinical Safety and Feasibility Study. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 321. <span xmlns:ssr=\"http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xmlns:xhtml=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"> \r\n <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36340-0\" onclick=\"javascript:window.open(\'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36340-0\');return false\">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36340-0</a></span>. The figure is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, <span xmlns:ssr=\"http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xmlns:xhtml=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\"> \r\n <a href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\" onclick=\"javascript:window.open(\'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\');return false\">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a></span>.","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Rollover.01787389-202007000-00002.fig3.jpeg","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Gallery.01787389-202007000-00002.fig3.jpeg","https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/ImageView.aspx?k=onsonline:2020:07000:00002&i=fig3&year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Abstract&context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15","https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/Original.01787389-202007000-00002.fig3.jpeg","/onsonline/pages/imagegallery.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002", "onsonline_2020_07000_00002_fig3"); return images; }function getPopupImageId() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_popupImageId"); }function getIsExportToPPT() { return $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_IsExportToPPT"); }//]]> </script> <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=11ySqNT2t8wJXf-5ynqkHTYVaR0CZPUQDLhFk5-B61-yY4pHK9T4A-OmNoLERHX1OU2F3io32lKHXeNlvH0kpnJP6-ZQm2Ado5OlvNqUwB9TpwuIgMVQBgIz-DSVpHWqDoVFHrt69C9fSrbhF6t9QBuuAcSpa-p9_2de4EnR0aU1&t=2265eaa7" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="/_layouts/15/blank.js?rev=DkvtcIrq8iOu%2FY%2Ff2C9qhQ%3D%3DTAG0" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.SPThemeUtils && SPThemeUtils.RegisterCssReferences([]); (function(){ if (typeof(_spBodyOnLoadFunctions) === 'undefined' || _spBodyOnLoadFunctions === null) { return; } _spBodyOnLoadFunctions.push(function() { SP.SOD.executeFunc('core.js', 'FollowingDocument', function() { FollowingDocument(); }); }); })();(function(){ if (typeof(_spBodyOnLoadFunctions) === 'undefined' || _spBodyOnLoadFunctions === null) { return; } _spBodyOnLoadFunctions.push(function() { SP.SOD.executeFunc('core.js', 'FollowingCallout', function() { FollowingCallout(); }); }); })();if (typeof(DeferWebFormInitCallback) == 'function') DeferWebFormInitCallback();//]]> </script> <script src="/WebResource.axd?d=ujR-dJ4zUHGN6jELxLVetl199sJpE_qZiBmEfUoaRM4DCmEfpBr9GGhTGo9ZJcfF6mQ45yf4Ik1RnQ9yqZG9_5EcA9R0xynU6JEfYiEh3vA1&t=637811513229275428" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function WebForm_OnSubmit() { UpdateFormDigest('\u002fonsonline', 1440000);if (typeof(ValidatorOnSubmit) == "function" && ValidatorOnSubmit() == false) return false;if (typeof(_spFormOnSubmitWrapper) != 'undefined') {return _spFormOnSubmitWrapper();} else {return true;}; return true; } //]]> </script> <div class="aspNetHidden"> <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" id="__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR" value="58D51CA7" /> <input type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="/wEdAEYCt1Ecu/ZW/Y98TnDZhEyxQLWtVERrnnBjDi1TrnEeR4WvAxnu63PHPpRuQMmHD73hhCCDEOLJF8tjJaxmMzMg1YNR2eABby/ZmsATgKXmBIgiSF8jQJGeTpsLHGFoaml6MWDr3/8QXodhxVfx8FS0g7H8RoGW3YgcM38Iwm1iMoVcaco2XnSaoUn3/TSh9vw+j4gIpltQ5uW2VbbW1PImpoGMijX+dXo51/j94T3WnxtqL7EjWJewpmSUZzpKg5/Jtl4d8ICFIqbNuETyv88w038zSbCfvYdn0fsL6scwEdfJPc71FC5mBJymu6c9+5C0rDcTIucUcfVcXg24Qcj2Rwj5n+JKj+fmndTJk+d0g1Ns6wXx7DauK8z/WtJTWnj9qTe+W5DS1HpgmEvmovI14iQ+XkCnfxSv0yXht6ieDJtzFzR8syNRhfGfwSq/GQ4A45M1vfNdXzPTwjVcQ+2ia6amFEb/j9tiuMsekvwmwL2vaL5SrnSg5rvAhywk5+rNFhF1b0KSycCN55kmFNw0GZbPrRKe+jfieaxg5tqN/WAd/aM9EmdgjdRUFdYHVnKAfn5bByG8o+6N4Ztj5EyGgnCF/B0ZdZma13DCQsB6ptnw6xPqDbzh5JDWuGvu9OaKLgfqGEThY7c6RN4LyFR8Nc62HezU6mTzNkUWtXGt4UTxEgFUrsnH99f0W4IJ2+0z0rQ5JmJJtHYo3SRqT1HN+DZBJgPNyrrZGaSq41H3D4scNsuEmWRRscvnQ4L27oy8UvM9F7jDvwsoj822AyceDAq/lPwaaOe7gPi0QBkeY3UZo305KF20izhhR0XDYlnFmhhwNE6bkBdMFpHxO/e6/zcl0qQ6nZxhdugxiuj3kAAXaSoRtAs86Q0dtXt4TsOCVosVLDXhvA2ywL0QaRwkblgwBzj1VUsWDq+98l4a8QsA7cnbrqM7B3Th0cMCx4qP98RCwiLgL5H663GlLu0v7tgNVRT+zuns9JAKSnYXqoxjGBj6zKA7NFFq1hgXBxWJBRBlIFiR5wjo6ssa5a/aAKl+k9+wD5nPVh3CMytBdeX3K5TFzYHIhWtSpPIQyiJyoYbQrZSbgESUUW8J+h4Ek+U+9bm/+VfJ2Kyk4seseBBrHcg7CLfA2it9v4Z2JXuWJQbP29qwPioQp+TytE24KZJYBxTuTXfc7sossW5HhKxqtgG4am+l6o58RClP1pW+4CBo1IgyBHczKzEmHkoqtoJ9dsanfTGiIDIRFtjaQGhaTKEqldqDL+y7PrVTYvNpfJ5UHEEVkcBForXtUUy8JJOATwPxAstg++TS8guqFGs09d4x7QO+4ZVT1j0FJQFcFf16ry5O66DurPb+Ffu0kDnHN6ZHNmA5manpKUDoyvhOFnfGaE4w7Y5YJcW8wYH5msxJd7Tnyhg2L6HVconbuvfIhnjR2Kx7XlX59m8shyZNvfOgz+0TwDnf3fxKsTX5pikkn3qpVl32cVuBC5v47s/YMxBSjZ8XlcXFzxKL0aBuVbHiBi0C3Jv6rSw7ghU=" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var submitHook = function () { return false; }; theForm._spOldSubmit = theForm.submit; theForm.submit = function () { if (!submitHook()) { this._spOldSubmit(); } }; </script> <span id="DeltaSPWebPartManager"> </span> <script type="text/javascript">$.getJSON("https://login.journals.lww.com/AuthCheck.aspx?Callback=?", null, function (data) { if(data.IsAuthenticated.toLowerCase() == "true") {window.location.replace("https://login.journals.lww.com/?wa=wsignin1.0&wtrealm=urn%3ajournals&wctx=https%3a%2f%2fjournals.lww.com%2fonsonline%2f_layouts%2f15%2fAuthenticate.aspx%3fSource%3d%252fonsonline%252fabstract%252f2020%252f07000%252ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%253fcontext%253dfeaturedarticles%2526collectionid%253d15"); } }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager._initialize('ctl00$ScriptManager', 'aspnetForm', ['fctl00$WebPartAdderUpdatePanel',''], [], ['ctl00$WebPartAdder','','ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$btnOpenExportDialog',''], 90, 'ctl00'); //]]> </script> <span id="DeltaDelegateControls"> </span>   <div id="ctl00_MicrobarContainer" class="top-microbar-container"> <script> ; (function ($) { $.fn.responsiveMenu = function (options) { var settings = $.extend({ breakWidth: 600, label: 'Visit our other sites', position: 'left' }, options); var menu = $(this); var clone = menu.clone().insertBefore(menu).removeAttr('class').removeAttr('id'); var wrapper = $('<div class="responsive-menu rm-' + settings.position + '"></div>'); var button = $('<button onclick="return false;" class="rm-toggle">' + (settings.label ? '<span class="caret"></span><span class="rm-label">' + settings.label + '</span>' : '') + '</button>'); wrapper.insertBefore(menu); wrapper.prepend(clone); wrapper.prepend(button); var switchMenu = function () { if ($(window).width() <= settings.breakWidth) { wrapper.show(); menu.hide(); } else { wrapper.hide(); menu.hide(); } }; switchMenu(); button.click(function () { clone.toggle(); }); $(window).resize(switchMenu); }; })(window.Zepto || window.jQuery); </script> <script> $(function () { $('#menu').responsiveMenu({ breakWidth: 1000, // label: false, position: 'right' }); }); </script> <div id="ctl00__fefa95a218da49b3_headerLinks"><script type="text/javascript"> window._mfq = window._mfq || []; (function() { var mf = document.createElement("script"); mf.type = "text/javascript"; mf.async = true; mf.src = "//cdn.mouseflow.com/projects/d007e6ad-c565-44cd-bbf8-fdebe41c0fca.js"; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(mf); })(); </script> <div class="headerNav"> <div class="headerNavContent"> <ul class="headerNavTabs"> <li class="headerNavTab firstNavTab"><a href="/neupubsonline/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY PUBLICATIONS</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab navTab"><a href="/neurosurgery/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab navTab on"><a href="/onsonline/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab navTab"><a href="/neurosurgpraconline/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY PRACTICE</a></li> <li class="headerNavTab lastTab"><a href="https://www.cns.org/Default.aspx">CNS.ORG</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul id="menu" class="navbar dummyhidden" style="display:none;"> <li><a href="" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY PUBLICATIONS</a></li> <li><a href="/neurosurgery/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY</a></li> <li><a href="/onsonline/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">OPERATIVE NEUROSURGERY</a></li> <li><a href="/neurosurgpraconline/Pages/default.aspx" target="_blank">NEUROSURGERY PRACTICE</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.cns.org/Default.aspx">CNS.ORG</a></li> </ul> <style type="text/css"> div.headerNav{ background-color: #DCDDDF; height: 28px; width: 100%; word-spacing: 1.5px; } div.headerNavContent{ margin: 0 auto; min-height: 28px; padding-right: 2.7%px; width: 85%; } ul.headerNavTabs{ clear: both; display: block; left: auto; margin: 0 auto; position: relative; width: 95%; } li.navTab{ width:20%; } li.firstNavTab{ width: 25%; } li.lastTab{ width: 10% } li.on{ background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #6E1517 !important; } /****** Highlight JBJS Link ******/ li.org{ background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #9a3324 !important; } .org a{ background-color:#9a3324 !important; color: #ffffff !important; } .org a:hover{ background-color:#89291B !important; } li.headerNavTab{ background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #DCDDDF; display: inline; float: left; height: 28px; margin: 0; padding: 0; } ul.headerNavTabs li{ display: inline; float: left; text-align: center; } ul.headerNavTabs li a:link, ul.headerNavTabs li a:active, ul.headerNavTabs li a:hover, ul.headerNavTabs li a:visited{ color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; outline: 0 none; position: relative; text-decoration: none; } li.lastNavTab { float: left; width: 123px; } li.lastNavTab, li.lastMainNavTab { float: right; } span.headerNavTab { color: #000000; font-size: 11px; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; outline: 0 none; position: relative; text-decoration: none; top: 10px; } li.on a { color: #ffffff!important; } @-moz-document url-prefix() { ul.headerNavTabs li a:link, ul.headerNavTabs li a:active, ul.headerNavTabs li a:hover, ul.headerNavTabs li a:visited { top: 10px; } span.headerNavTab { top: 10px; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { setHeaderLinks(); }); function setHeaderLinks() { $('li.headerNavTab').click(function (event) { }).mouseenter(function () { if ($(this).children('ul').length > 0) { $(this).children('ul').show(); $(this).css('background-color', '#194F3D'); } }).mouseleave(function () { if ($(this).children('ul').length > 0) { $(this).children('ul').hide(); $(this).css('background-color', '#DCDDDF'); } }); } </script></div> </div>  <a id="HiddenAnchor" href="javascript:;" style="display: none;"></a>  <div id="ctl00_TopAdvertisementContainer" class="advertisement-content_top top-banner"> <div class="top-banner__content--centered top-banner--low-opacity"> <div id="ctl00_ctl49_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-topcombo"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_a0bb20fc-3377-4b31-8102-5290f9c4eba0" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_a0bb20fc-3377-4b31-8102-5290f9c4eba0" data-sizemap="[[[730, 500], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[300, 50]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Article/Top" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="yes" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="5" data-name="Top"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="main-wrapper"> <div id="main-container">  <header class="header"> <div class="header__holder"> <div class="header__layout-top wk-grid-page-container"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/UserToolbarDropdown.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <section class="user-action-toolbar"> <ul class="user-menu user-info" role="tablist"> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liLogin" class="user-menu__item user-menu__item--popup-container user-menu__item--login-popup-container dib"> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"login","eventDetail":{"source":"Masthead Dropdown"},"isNull":false}"> <i class="fa fa-sign-in"></i> <span>Log in</span> </button> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liOr" class="dib or-spacing"><span>or</span></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liRegister2" class="user-menu__item dib"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_RegisterUserPopupLnk" class="user-menu__link js-register-link" data-config="{"eventName":"Register","eventDetail":{"source":"Masthead Dropdown"},"isNull":false}" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15">Register</a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liSubscribe" role="presentation" class="user-menu__item dib"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_lnkSubscribe" class="user-menu__link" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/2332-4252" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-bars"></i> <span class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to journal</span><span class="showOnFixed">Subscribe</span></a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_liIssueAlerts" class="user-menu__item dib"> <i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');" class="user-menu__link"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToAlertsActionToolLink_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Get new issue alerts</span><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToAlertsActionToolLink_stickyText" class="showOnFixed">Get alerts</span></a> </li> </ul> </section> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ej-box-modal-style-1"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlMain"> <div id="tocUnsubscribeModal" > <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage"></span> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons" Style="display: none;"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue" value="Yes" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="No" id="btnCancel" aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenTopicalCollectionId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenOvidId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup(title, alertType, journalId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Root(title, journalId, alertType) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = alertType; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Citation(title, journalId, ovidId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Citation'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenOvidId').value = ovidId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCPopup_Topical(title, journalId, topicalCollectionId) { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); var lblUnsubscribeMessage = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_lblUnsubscribeMessage'); lblUnsubscribeMessage.innerHTML = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeMessage').value = title; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnSubscribeAlertType').value = 'Topical'; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenUnsubscribeJournalId').value = journalId; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenTopicalCollectionId').value = topicalCollectionId; $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pUnsubscribeButtons').show(); if (document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == null || document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value == '') { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; } if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } function alerts_ShowUnSubscribeeTOCSuccessPopup() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.show(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function() { var unSubscribeeTocPopup = $find('unSubscribeToAlerts'); if (unSubscribeeTocPopup != null) { unSubscribeeTocPopup.hide(); } return false; }); </script> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl"></span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState" value="showemail" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenJournalId" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$hiddenSubscriptionType" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType" /> <div id="divPopupOverLay" class="Popup-Overlay" style="display: none; position: fixed; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3800; width: 1920px; height: 4517px;"></div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc" class="etoc-popup ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" style="display: none;"> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal"> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue')"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblTitle"></span> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage"></span></strong> </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError" style="color:Black;display:none;"> <div class="ej-error-message"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon error-red"> </p> </div> </span> <label for="Email input">Enter your Email address:</label> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$txtEmailAddress" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress" class="ej-box-modal-style-1-input" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue" value="Continue" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl51$Header$UserActionTools$SubscribeToEtocPopupControl$btnContinue", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_btnContinue" class="primary-button" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="js-close secondary-button" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hypPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="js-close primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <p> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle"></span> </strong> </p> </div> <p id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pAuthenticatedUserMessage"> </p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> function alerts_SaveSubscriptionTypeInHiddenField(url, subscriptionType, journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId) { if (journalId && yearId && issueId && articleId) { logCounterDataAlertWhenCitedSynchronously(journalId, yearId, issueId, articleId); } $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').val(journalId); if (url) window.location = url; else __doPostBack('hypSubscribeToAlerts'); return false; } function alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup(journalTitle, journalId, subscriptionType, displaySubscriptionType) { $('#' + 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscriptionType').val(subscriptionType); var subscribeToEtocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); subscribeToEtocPopup.show(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.add('no-scroll'); var modelPopupState = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenSubscribeToEtocPopupState'); var emailTextBox = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress'); var thanksPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlAuthenticatedUser'); var mainPanel = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlMain'); var thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblThankYouMessage'); var thankYouMessageAuthenticated = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_lblAuthenticatedUserTitle'); if (!displaySubscriptionType) { displaySubscriptionType = subscriptionType; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showthanksmessage') { thanksPanel.style.display = "block"; mainPanel.style.display = "none"; thankYouMessageAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for subscribing to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') { thanksPanel.style.display = "none"; mainPanel.style.display = "block"; thankYouMessageUnAuthenticated.innerHTML = "Thank you for choosing to subscribe to the " + displaySubscriptionType + " for " + journalTitle + "."; } if ($('.etoc-popup') != null) { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenJournalId').value = journalId; if (modelPopupState.value == 'showemail') emailTextBox.focus(); } } $('.js-close').on('click', function () { document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_txtEmailAddress').value = ""; document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').style.display = "none"; var pageUrl = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_hiddenConfirmSubscriptionPageUrl'); var subscribeeTocPopup = $find('subscribeToEtoc'); if (subscribeeTocPopup != null) { subscribeeTocPopup.hide(); document.getElementsByTagName( 'html' )[0].classList.remove('no-scroll'); if (pageUrl.value !== '' && pageUrl.value !== window.location.pathname) window.location = pageUrl.value; } return false; }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_eTocTopContainer"> <div id="eTocTop" style="display: none;"> <a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');"><span id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_alertLinkControlTop_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Subscribe to eTOC</span></a> </div> </div> <script> $(function () { //find recent searches link and move container var recentSearchesControl = $("a[id$='RecentSearches']"); if (recentSearchesControl.length) { recentSearchesControl.click(function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); if ($("#ResentSearchContainer").is(":hidden")) { $("#ResentSearchContainer").slideDown("slow"); recentSearchesControl.addClass('open'); } else { $("#ResentSearchContainer").hide(); recentSearchesControl.removeClass('open'); } }); } var eTocAccountLink = $("ul.js-user-action-toolbar__dropdown>li>a[id='SubscribeToEToc']"); if (eTocAccountLink.length) { eTocAccountLink.parent().html($("#eTocTop>a")); } }); </script> <a class="logo-secondary white" href="http://wolterskluwer.com/" target="_blank"> <h3 class="logo-secondary-text">Secondary Logo</h3> </a> <a href="#" class="sticky-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></a> </div> <div class="header__layout-bottom wk-grid-page-container"> <a id="hypJournals" class="logo-main" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/default.aspx"> <h3 class="logo-main-text">Journal Logo </h3> </a> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/oneus/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$Header$SearchTopBoxControl$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_Header_SearchTopBoxControl_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </div> <div id="main-nav-container-v2"> <nav id="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-default yamm wk-grid-page-container"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button id="fatJuicy" type="button" class="navbar-hamburger-button navbar-toggle collapsed pull-left" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#zz1_TopNavigationMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="navbar"> <span class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="navbar-hamburger-button__text"></span> </button> </div> <div id="navActionButtons" class="btn-group navbar-hover-color" role="group" aria-label="..."> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkSubscribe" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/2332-4252" target="_blank">Subscribe</a> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_lnkRegister" class="btn btn-default navbar-button" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15">Register</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--login js-ejp-login-btn btn btn-default navbar-button" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"login","eventDetail":{},"isNull":false}"> <span>Login</span> </button> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl51_TopNavigationMenuConfiguration" style="display:none" class="js-top-navigation-menu-configuration" data-config="{"browsingHistory":{"isEnabled":true,"serviceUrl":"https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee","pdfDownloadUrl":"/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=HistoryTab"}}"></div> <div id="zz1_TopNavigationMenu" class="navbar-collapse collapse js-top-navigation-menu noindex ms-core-listMenu-horizontalBox"> <ul id="zz2_RootAspMenu" class="root ms-core-listMenu-root static"> <li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Issues</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/Pages/currenttoc.aspx" accesskey="1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Current Issue</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/Pages/issuelist.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Previous Issues</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Subject</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Cerebrovascular&Subjects=Cerebrovascular&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Cerebrovascular</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Endovascular"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Endovascular</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=General Neurosurgery&Subjects=General Neurosurgery&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">General Neurosurgery</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Neuropathology&Subjects=Neuropathology&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Neuropathology</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Neuroradiology&Subjects=Neuroradiology&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Neuroradiology</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Neurotrauma&Subjects=Neurotrauma&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Neurotrauma</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Pain"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Pain</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Pediatrics&Subjects=Pediatrics&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Pediatrics</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Peripheral Nerve&Subjects=Peripheral Nerve&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Peripheral Nerve</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Radiosurgery+and+Radiation+Oncology"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Radiosurgery and Radiation Oncology</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Skull+Base"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Skull Base</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Spine&Subjects=Spine&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Spine</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Stereotactic and Functional&Subjects=Stereotactic and Functional&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Stereotactic and Functional</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Surgical+Video"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Surgical Video</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/pages/results.aspx?txtKeywords=Tumor&Subjects=Tumor&subsearch=1"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Tumor</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static"><a class="static menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/toc/publishahead"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Latest Articles</span></span></a></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Submit</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://www.editorialmanager.com/ons/default.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Submission Site</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/neupubsonline/Pages/instructionsforauthors.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Neurosurgery Publications Instructions for Authors</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/Pages/instructionsforauthors.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Operative Neurosurgery Instructions for Authors</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="http://www.wkopenhealth.com/"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Open Access</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/editservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Language Editing Services</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static"><a class="static menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/Pages/subscriptionservices.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Purchase</span></span></a></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Advertise</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lippincott-hcp-access/media-kits/operative-neurosurgery"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Advertising</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/reprintsmedicine.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Reprints</span></span></a></li> </ul></li><li class="static"><a class="static menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/_layouts/1033/oaks.journals/rightsandpermissions.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Permissions</span></span></a></li><li class="static dynamic-children"><span class="static dynamic-children menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode"><span aria-haspopup="true" class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow dynamic-children"><span class="menu-item-text">Editorial Board</span></span></span><ul aria-hidden="true" class="dynamic"> <li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/onsonline/Pages/editorialboard.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Operative Neurosurgery Editorial Board</span></span></a></li><li class="dynamic"><a class="dynamic menu-item ms-core-listMenu-item ms-displayInline ms-navedit-linkNode" href="/neupubsonline/Pages/boardmembersandstaff.aspx"><span class="additional-background ms-navedit-flyoutArrow"><span class="menu-item-text">Neurosurgery Publications Board Members & Staff</span></span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> <div class="search-v2"> <div class="search-wrapper"> <select name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$ddlContentScope" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_ddlContentScope"> <option value="All">All</option> <option selected="selected" value="Articles">Articles</option> <option value="Images">Images</option> <option value="Videos">Videos</option> <option value="Podcasts">Podcasts</option> <option value="Blogs">Blogs</option> </select> <div class="input-group" id="globalSearch"> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$txtKeywords" type="text" value="Search" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords" class="form-control searchText" /> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier" type="submit" class="btn btn-default"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </span> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$IsAutoCompleteEnabled" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$AutocompleteApiUrl" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl" value="https://platformservices.wolterskluwerhealth.com/autocomplete/oneus/shingle/" /> </div> </div> <div class="advance-search" style=""> <a id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_lnkAdvanceSearch" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/advancedsearch.aspx">Advanced Search</a> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$btnGlobalSearch" value="" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch" disabled="disabled" class="aspNetDisabled btnGlobalSearch" style="display: none;" /> <input name="ctl00$ctl51$SearchBox$hfldKeywords" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords" class="hfldKeywords" value="disableButton" /> </div> </div> <script> $(function() { try { var objSearchBox = { btnGlobalSearchMagnifierId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearchMagnifier', searchButtonId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch', txtKeywordsId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords', hfldKeywordsHiddenId: 'ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_hfldKeywords', defaultSearchText: 'Search' }; new Searchbox(objSearchBox).Init(); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); //autocomplete functionality for basic search //this functionality will call the SBA url and start suggesting after typing 3rd character var textKeywords = null; var hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl = null; var buttonGlobalSearch = null; $(function () { try { var objAutocomplete = { hiddenIsAutoCompleteEnabled: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_IsAutoCompleteEnabled'), textKeywords: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_txtKeywords'), hiddenAutocompleteApiUrl: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_AutocompleteApiUrl'), buttonGlobalSearch: $('#ctl00_ctl51_SearchBox_btnGlobalSearch'), enableNewAutoComplete: true, newAutoCompleteUrl: 'https://dxg-search-na-prd.wkgposvc.cloud/Query.svc/Query_Expand', newAutoCompleteMaxSuggestions: '10', newAutoCompleteDictionaryIds: 'ovid_sted28_mesh22' }; autoComplete(objAutocomplete); } catch (e) { console.error(e); } }); $(function () { let searchSelect = $('select[id$="ddlContentScope"]');; if (searchSelect.length){ searchSelect.selectize(); } }); </script> </nav> </div> </div> </header>     <div id="main-container-content" class="wk-grid-page-container"> <div id="DeltaWebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer" class="ms-core-webpartadder"> <div id="WebPartAdderUpdatePanelContainer"> <div id="ctl00_WebPartAdderUpdatePanel"> <span id="ctl00_WebPartAdder"></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="notificationArea" class="ms-notif-box"></div> <div id="DeltaPageStatusBar"> <div id="pageStatusBar"></div> </div> <div id="DeltaPlaceHolderMain" class="delta-place-holder-main"> <a id="mainContent" name="mainContent" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_responsivePageLayoutContainer" class="main-content ejp-page-container"> <div class="wk-grid-container-no-margin" id="AddRowTopContainer"> </div> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl00_ResponsiveLayoutRowContainer" class="wk-grid-container-no-margin"> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl00_ResponsiveLayoutRow" class="wk-grid"> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl00_ResponsiveLayoutColumnRepeater_ctl00_ResponsiveLayoutColumn" class=" wk-column-12 wk-column-12-m wk-column-12-l wk-column-12-xl wk-column-12-xxl"> <div class="ms-webpart-zone ms-fullWidth"> <div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="b1374872-d800-4a08-882d-12509badd38c" HasPers="false" id="WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c">  <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb"> <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb__left"> <a title href="/onsonline/toc/2020/07000" class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-back">July 2020 - Volume 19 - Issue 1 </a> </div> <div class="ejp-article-breadcrumb__right"> <nav id="ctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c__ff4729b65311eb55_ArticleNavigator"> <ul class="ejp-article-nav__list"> <li id="ctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c__ff4729b65311eb55_liArticleNavigatorPrev"> <a title href="/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/the_use_of_5_aminolevulinic_acid_in_low_grade.1.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Article('The Use of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Low-Grade Glioma Resection: A Systematic Review', 'Almekkawi Ahmad Kareem MD; El Ahmadieh, Tarek Y MD; Wu, Eva M BS; Abunimer, Abdullah M MD; Abi-Aad, Karl R MD; Aoun, Salah G MD; Plitt, Aaron R MD; El Tecle, Najib E MD; Patel, Toral MD; Stummer, Walter MD, PhD; Bendok, Bernard R MD, MSCI', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'July 2020', '19', '1' , 'p 1-8')" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-prev"> <span>Previous</span> <span class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-mobile-hide">Abstract</span> </a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl29_g_b1374872_d800_4a08_882d_12509badd38c__ff4729b65311eb55_liArticleNavigatorNext"> <a title href="/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/robotic_orthogonal_implantation_of_responsive.3.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Article('Robotic Orthogonal Implantation of Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS) Depth Electrodes in the Mesial Temporal Lobe: Case Series', 'Chan Alvin Y MD; Tran, Diem Kieu MD; Paff, Michelle R MD; Urgun, Kamran MD; Hsu, Frank P K MD, PhD; Vadera, Sumeet MD', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'July 2020', '19', '1' , 'p 19-24')" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-next"> <span>Next</span> <span class="ejp-article-nav__list-link-mobile-hide">Abstract</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl01_ResponsiveLayoutRowContainer" class="wk-grid-container-no-margin"> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl01_ResponsiveLayoutRow" class="wk-grid"> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl01_ResponsiveLayoutColumnRepeater_ctl00_ResponsiveLayoutColumn" class=" wk-column-12 wk-column-8-m wk-column-8-l wk-column-8-xl wk-column-8-xxl"> <div class="ms-webpart-zone ms-fullWidth"> <div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="9d8d8345-79ae-4158-b5f4-0e00a33d4d27" HasPers="false" id="WebPartctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27">  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/article.min.js?v=05.24.00.023"> </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/1033/OAKS.Journals/MediaElement/mediaelementplayer.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="print" /> <span class="js-custom-event" data-config="{"name":"articleView","detail":{"articleDetails":{"journalName":"Operative Neurosurgery","articleTopicName":"","articleName":"Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy","publicationDate":"07/01/2020","accessionNumber":"01787389-202007000-00000","doi":"10.1093/ons/opz374","authors":"Adomas Bunevicius, MD, PhD; Nathan Judson McDannold, PhD; Alexandra J Golby, MD","societyName":"","collectionName":"","abstractValues":"BACKGROUND A key challenge in the medical treat","sku":"2332-4252","format":"HTML","articleKeywords":"Focused ultrasound; Therapy; Brain tumor; Glioma; Blood–brain barrier; Drug delivery","articleMetadata":"","systemIndicators":["Buy","EDITOR'S CHOICE"],"meshTerms":["Brain Neoplasms","Drug Delivery Systems","Ultrasonography","Blood-Brain Barrier","Glioma","Medication Review","Therapeutics","Growth","Gadolinium","Magnetics"],"pageSource":"ArticleViewer"},"articleDisplayType":"Abstract"},"order":2147483647,"config":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false}}"></span><span class="js-custom-event" data-config="{"name":"omni:article:view","detail":{"viewType":"Abstract","publisher":"LWW","journalTitle":"Operative Neurosurgery","issueNumber":"07000","volumeNumber":"19","accessionNumber":"01787389-202007000-00002","doi":"10.1093/ons/opz374","articleTitle":"Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy","publicationDate":"07/01/2020","flags":"Buy, EDITOR'S CHOICE","keywords":"Focused ultrasound, Therapy, Brain tumor, Glioma, Blood–brain barrier, Drug delivery","tocSection":"REVIEW","firstPage":"9"},"order":2147483647,"config":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false}}"></span>  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://lww.com/_layouts/1033/styles/oaks.journals/print-article.css?v=05.24.00.023" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var articleContainer = document.getElementById('ArticleContainer'); function getElementReferences() { textDiv = articleContainer; // textDiv = document.getElementById('ArticleContainer'); } function getArticleContainer() { return articleContainer; } $(function () { // Change the '+', '-' icon when panels are collapsed. $('a.toggle-content').click(function () { var isExpanded = $(this).attr('aria-expanded'); var i = $(this).children('i'); if (isExpanded === 'true') { i.removeClass('fa fa-minus-square-o').addClass('fa fa-plus-square-o'); } else { i.removeClass('fa fa-plus-square-o').addClass('fa fa-minus-square-o'); } }); var articleAbstractLink = $('#article-abstract-content4>ul>li>a')[0]; if ($(articleAbstractLink).html() === 'Abstract') { $(articleAbstractLink).click($.proxy(clickAbstractLink, this)); } }); function LogArticleSubTabClickEventToCounterData(subTabType) { var dualAccessHelper = new DualAccess(); if (subTabType === "AISummary") { //handle it for other sub tab types dualAccessHelper.SendCounterDataRequestByAn(dualAccessHelper.EventTypes.Investigation, dualAccessHelper.ContentTypes.AISummary, '01787389-202007000-00002'); } else { dualAccessHelper.SendCounterDataRequestByAn(dualAccessHelper.EventTypes.Investigation, dualAccessHelper.ContentTypes.ArticleTab, '01787389-202007000-00002'); } }; function ArticleTabClickLogToCounterService() { var dualAccessHelper = new DualAccess(); dualAccessHelper.SendCounterDataRequestByAn(dualAccessHelper.EventTypes.Investigation, dualAccessHelper.ContentTypes.ArticleTab, '01787389-202007000-00002'); }; window.addEventListener("load", () => { HighlightSearchTerms(); }); document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { function dispatchCustomEvent(eventName, linkUrl) { document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventName, { detail: { link_url: linkUrl } })); } var anchors = { 'omni:articleviewer:buy': document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypPurchase'), 'omni:articleviewer:subscribe': document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypSubscribe'), 'omni:articleviewer:permission': document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypliPatentOrCaregiver'), 'omni:articleviewer:society': document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypSociety') }; Object.keys(anchors).forEach(function(eventName) { var anchor = anchors[eventName]; if (anchor) { anchor.addEventListener('click', function(event) { dispatchCustomEvent(eventName, anchor.href); }); } }); }); </script> <script> function closeArticleViewerModalDialog() { $('#articleViewerDialog').hide(); return false; } </script> <div class="ejp-article-wrapper"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_container" data-article-config="{"title":"ReadAloud: Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy","doi":"10.1093/ons/opz374"}" data-read-along="false" data-ppt-event-detail="" data-has-ce="false" data-is-social-sharing-enabled="false" data-ce-cme-redirect="false" data-ppt-visible="false" data-email-to-colleague-control-id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl" data-images-slideshow-visible="false" data-social-sharing-title="Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy : Operative Neurosurgery" data-pdf-visible="false" class="js-ejp-article-tools lww-ejp-article-tools" data-ce-cme-url="" data-has-permissions="true" data-epub-enabled="false" data-article-accession-number="01787389-202007000-00002" data-epub-visible="false" data-image-gallery-url="/onsonline/pages/imagegallery.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002" data-social-sharing-source="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx" data-favorites-event-detail="{"eventName":"AddToFavorites","eventDetail":{"items":["Article|onsonline:2020:07000:00002|10.1093/ons/opz374|"],"an":"01787389-202007000-00002"},"eventOptions":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false},"loginDetail":{"isLoginOptional":false,"promptLogin":true,"loginPromptText":"To save this item, login or register"},"isNull":false}" data-ce-cme-title="" data-is-fulltext="false" data-has-cme="false" data-pdf-enabled="false" data-images-gallery-visible="false" data-pdf-event-detail="" data-epub-event-detail="" data-pdf-url="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/downloadpdf.aspx?trckng_src_pg=ArticleViewer&an=01787389-202007000-00002"> </div> <div style="display: none;"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_epubContainer"> <a an="01787389-202007000-00002" rel="opener" title href="#epub-link" class="ej-art-as-epub">Article as EPUB</a> </div> <a href="/onsonline/abstract/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15&Ppt=Article|onsonline:2020:07000:00002|10.1093/ons/opz374|" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_lnkExportImagesToPPT_fileLink" rel="nofollow">Export All Images to PowerPoint File</a> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--add-to-favorites js-ejp-login-btn addToMyFavoriteLink" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"AddToFavorites","eventDetail":{"items":["Article|onsonline:2020:07000:00002|10.1093/ons/opz374|"],"an":"01787389-202007000-00002"},"eventOptions":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false},"loginDetail":{"isLoginOptional":false,"promptLogin":true,"loginPromptText":"To save this item, login or register"},"isNull":false}"> <span>Add to My Favorites</span> </button> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/EmailToColleague.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <a id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hypEmailToColleague" href="javascript:" style="display:none;"></a> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlEmailToColleague" class="wk-modal-table" style="display: none"> <div class="wk-modal-cell"> <div id="ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal email-to-colleague" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" style="position: static;"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlMain" class="js-main-panel" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_btnSend')"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblEmailToColleague">Email to Colleague</span></strong> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_divErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-div ej-error-message-panel" style="display: none; color: red; font-style: italic"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-label">Colleague's E-mail is Invalid</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> Your Name: </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$txtYourName" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_txtYourName" class="js-name" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblColleaguesEmail" class="js-collegaues-email-lbl">Colleague's Email:</span> </div> <div class="wk-field-body no-bottom-margin"> <input name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$txtColleaguesEmail" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_txtColleaguesEmail" class="js-collegaues-email" /> </div> <div class="wk-field-header"><span class="ej-form-comments">Separate multiple e-mails with a (;).</span></div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> Message: </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <textarea name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$txtMessage" rows="2" cols="20" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_txtMessage" class="js-message"> Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in Operative Neurosurgery.</textarea> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$btnSend" value="Send" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_btnSend" class="js-send-button primary-button grecaptcha-email-colleague-957c894cdcba46e2a2da82a7fcfa7535" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="secondary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item wk-email-colleague-captcha-bar"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <div id="div-recaptcha-957c894cdcba46e2a2da82a7fcfa7535" class="div-recaptcha-container" data-uniqueclassidentifier="grecaptcha-email-colleague-957c894cdcba46e2a2da82a7fcfa7535" data-sitekey="6LeeoSAUAAAAACFv8yNuINPv8IWyXHJ6uN447qEK" data-callback="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_captchaCallBack" data-badge="inline" data-size="invisible" data-type="image" > </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlSuccessMessage" class="js-success-message-panel" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <br /> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblMessageSent">Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague.</span> </p> <br /> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="button" value="Close Window" id="btnClose" class="primary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-panel" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <br /> <div class="wk-field-item"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblInvalidEmail" style="color:Red;">Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time.</span> </div> <br /> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="button" value="Close Window" id="btnEClose" class="primary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$hiddenEmailToColleague" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hiddenEmailToColleague" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$hiddenIsUser" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hiddenIsUser" /> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.emailToColleaguePopups = window.emailToColleaguePopups || []; var ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_captchaCallBack = function () { ejpAnalytics.track('emailColleaguereCAPTCHA'); ejpAnalytics.track('emailColleagueComplete'); __doPostBack('ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$emailToColleagueControl$btnSend','') }; var initEmailToColleaguectl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl = function () { window.emailToColleaguePopups['ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl'] = new EmailToColleagueComponent('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlEmailToColleague', 'div-recaptcha-957c894cdcba46e2a2da82a7fcfa7535', 'grecaptcha-email-colleague-957c894cdcba46e2a2da82a7fcfa7535', 'emailToColleaguePopupExtender__1096402368', 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hiddenEmailToColleague', 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hiddenIsUser', '01787389-202007000-00002' ); } Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_pageLoaded(initEmailToColleaguectl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/ExportToCitationManager.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <a id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_hypExportToCitationManager" href="javascript:" style="display:none;"></a> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_pnlExportTo" style="display: none"> <div id="ej-box-modal-drop-shadow"> <div id="ej-box-modal-style-1" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" class="wk-modal wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal horizontally-centered" data-behaviorid="OpenExportToPopupExtender__743927265"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_pnlMainExport"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"><strong>Export to</strong></div> <button onclick="return closeExportToModalPopUp();" aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <fieldset> <table id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes"> <tr> <td><input id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_0" type="radio" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$radioBtnExportTypes" value="EndNote" checked="checked" /><label for="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_0">End Note</label></td> </tr><tr> <td><input id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_1" type="radio" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$radioBtnExportTypes" value="Procite" /><label for="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_1">Procite</label></td> </tr><tr> <td><input id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_2" type="radio" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$radioBtnExportTypes" value="ReferenceManager" /><label for="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes_2">Reference Manager</label></td> </tr> </table> </fieldset> <p> <label for="default"> <input id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_checkBoxSaveMySelection" type="checkbox" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$checkBoxSaveMySelection" /><label for="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_checkBoxSaveMySelection">Save my selection</label> </label> </p> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$btnOpenExportDialog" value="Export" onclick="return validateExportType();WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$btnOpenExportDialog", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_btnOpenExportDialog" class="primary-button" /> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$btnCancelOpenExportDialog" value="Cancel" onclick="return closeExportToModalPopUp();WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$btnCancelOpenExportDialog", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_btnCancelOpenExportDialog" class="secondary-button" /> <p id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_pUnsubscribeButtons"> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ej-clear-float"></div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ucArticleTools$exportToCitationManager$hiddenExportType" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_hiddenExportType" /> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> var hiddenExportType = $get('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_hiddenExportType'); function getExportPopup() { return $find('OpenExportToPopupExtender__743927265'); } var pnlMainExport = $get('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_pnlMainExport'); document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { function dispatchCustomEvent(eventName) { try { document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventName)); } catch (error) { console.error('Error dispatching custom event:', error); } } try { var exportButton = document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_btnOpenExportDialog'); var radioButtons = document.querySelectorAll('#ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_radioBtnExportTypes input[type=radio]'); exportButton.addEventListener('click', function (event) { var selectedRadioButton = Array.from(radioButtons).find(rb => rb.checked); if (selectedRadioButton) { var selectedValue = selectedRadioButton.value; var eventName = ''; switch (selectedValue) { case "Procite": case "ReferenceManager": eventName = 'omni:articletools:cite:ris'; break; case 'EndNote': eventName = 'omni:articletools:cite:endnote'; break; default: eventName = ''; } if (eventName) { dispatchCustomEvent(eventName); } else { console.warn('No event name matched for the selected radio button value:', selectedValue); } } else { console.warn('No radio button selected'); } }); } catch (error) { console.error('Error initializing event listeners:', error); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function () { $('p').filter(function () { return this.innerHTML.trim() === "" }).remove(); }); function showPrinterFriendlyView() { open("https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/printerfriendly.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Fulltext", ""); } function showExportToCitationPopUp() { return "OpenExportToPopupExtender__743927265"; } function getPermissionsClick() { showRightsLinkPopUp( 'https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet', 'WoltersKluwer', 'OPN', 'Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy', '12192019', 'Adomas Bunevicius, Nathan Judson McDannold, and Alexandra J Golby', '19', '1', 'Copyright \u00A9 2019 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons', '01787389-202007000-00002', '', false, ''); } </script> <div id="ArticleContainer"> <article id="ej-abstract-view" xmlns:ssr="http://ssr-eus-go-csi.cloudapp.net/v1/assets" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><section class="ejp-r-article-subsection"><div class="ejp-r-article-subsection__text">REVIEW</div></section><header class="ejp-article-header"><h1 class="ejp-article-title">Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy</h1></header><section id="ejp-article-authors"><p id="P7"><i class="wki icon-orcid" onclick="javascript:ToolTip_Orcid('Bunevicius, Adomas MD, PhD', 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-6898');" onmouseover="javascript:ToolTip_Orcid('Bunevicius, Adomas MD, PhD', 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-6898');"></i>Bunevicius, Adomas MD, PhD; McDannold, Nathan Judson PhD; <i class="wki icon-orcid" onclick="javascript:ToolTip_Orcid('Golby, Alexandra J MD', 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-9561');" onmouseover="javascript:ToolTip_Orcid('Golby, Alexandra J MD', 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-9561');"></i>Golby, Alexandra J MD</p><section><a href="#" id="ejp-article-authors-link"> Author Information <i class="wk-icon-arrow-down-r"></i></a></section></section><section id="ejp-article-authors-info" class="ejp-article-authors-info ejp-article-authors-info--hidden"><div class="ejp-article-authors-info-holder"> <p id="">Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</p> <p id="">Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts</p> <p id="">Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</p> <p id="cor1"><strong xmlns:mrws="http://webservices.ovid.com/mrws/1.0">Correspondence:</strong> Alexandra J. Golby, MD, Department of Neurosurgery, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Email: <span><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#177a767e7b63782d7670787b756e5775607f397f76656176657339727362" onclick="javascript:window.open('mailto:mailto:agolby@bwh.harvard.edu');return false"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="1e7f7971727c675e7c697630767f6c687f6c7a307b7a6b">[email protected]</span></a></span></p> </div></section><section id="article-journal-info"><div class="ej-journal-info"><span class="ej-journal-name">Operative Neurosurgery </span><span id="ej-journal-date-volume-issue-pg"><a href="/onsonline/toc/2020/07000">19(1):p 9-18, July 2020.</a></span><span> | </span><span class="ej-journal-doi">DOI: </span>10.1093/ons/opz374</div></section><section id="ejp-article-indicators" class="ejp-article-indicators"><ul class="ejp-article-indicators__list"> <li id="ej-article-indicators-buy" class="ejp-article-indicators__list-item" onmouseover="javascript:Tooltip_Buy()" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()"><a href="#ContentAccessOptions"><span class="ejp-indicator">Buy</span></a></li> <li class="ejp-article-indicators__list-item"><span class="ejp-indicator">EDITOR'S CHOICE</span></li> </ul><button id="openArticleMetricsPopupButton" type="button" class="wk-button wk-button-ghost wk-button-icon-left ejp-article-metrics-btn" data-articleMetricsEndpoint="//services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/ArticleMetricsService.svc" data-articleMetricsDetailsUrl="https://wolterskluwer.altmetric.com/details/" data-doi="10.1093/ons/opz374" data-suiteId="vrs_woltere_journalsglobalvrs" data-articlePublicationDate="2019-12-19" data-articlePublicationDateString="2019-12-19" data-receivedDate="2019-07-24" data-revisionReceivedDate="" data-acceptedDate="2019-09-20" data-crossrefRefLinkRoot="https://doi.org/" data-medlineRefLinkRoot="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/" data-pubMedId=""><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-r"></i><i class="wk-icon-filled-chart-white-r"></i> Metrics </button></section><section class="ejp-article-tabs" id="abstractWrap"><h2 class="ejp-article-tabs-heading">Abstract</h2> <div class="ejp-article-tabs__tabpanel" id="panel1" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <div id="article-abstract-content1"> <div class="ejp-article-text-abstract"> <h3>BACKGROUND </h3> <p>A key challenge in the medical treatment of brain tumors is the limited penetration of most chemotherapeutic agents across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) into the tumor and the infiltrative margin around the tumor. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a promising tool to enhance the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into brain tumors.</p> <h3>OBJECTIVE </h3> <p>To review the mechanism of FUS, preclinical evidence, and clinical studies that used low-frequency FUS for a BBB opening in gliomas.</p> <h3>METHODS </h3> <p>Literature review.</p> <h3>RESULTS </h3> <p>The potential of externally delivered low-intensity ultrasound for a temporally and spatially precise and predictable disruption of the BBB has been investigated for over a decade, yielding extensive preclinical literature demonstrating that FUS can disrupt the BBB in a spatially targeted and temporally reversible manner. Studies in animal models documented that FUS enhanced the delivery of numerous chemotherapeutic and investigational agents across the BBB and into brain tumors, including temozolomide, bevacizumab, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, doxorubicin, viral vectors, and cells. Chemotherapeutic interventions combined with FUS slowed tumor progression and improved animal survival. Recent advances of MRgFUS systems allow precise, temporally and spatially controllable, and safe transcranial delivery of ultrasound energy. Initial clinical evidence in glioma patients has shown the efficacy of MRgFUS in disrupting the BBB, as demonstrated by an enhanced gadolinium penetration.</p> <h3>CONCLUSION </h3> <p>Thus far, a temporary disruption of the BBB followed by the administration of chemotherapy has been both feasible and safe. Further studies are needed to determine the actual drug delivery, including the drug distribution at a tissue-level scale, as well as effects on tumor growth and patient prognosis.</p> </div> </div> </div></section><section class="ej-article-copyright">Copyright © 2019 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons</section></article> </div> </div> <section id="ContentAccessOptions" class="article-not-authorized-msg"> <div class="ejp-access-options-wrapper"> <div class="ejp-access-options ejp-access-options--desktop"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_FullTextAccessOptionsContainer" class="ejp-access-options__subscriber-access"> <h3 class="ejp-access-options__subscriber-access-title">Full Text Access for Subscribers:</h3> <div class="ejp-access-options__subscriber-access-society-list"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_PrimaryLoginBox" class="box-ssologin primary-login-box"> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15&IsLoginLinkClicked=true" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypLoginTop" class="ssologin-link"> <div class="ssologin-ico"> <img src="https://cdn.wolterskluwer.io/wk-logos/1.0.x/wk-brand-wheel.svg" alt="click to login here" /> </div> <div class="ssologin-link__text"> <h5 class="ssologin-link__primary-text">Individual Subscribers</h5> <span class="ssologin-link__secondary-text">Log in for access</span> </div> <i class="wk-icon-arrow-right ssologin-link__icon"></i> </a> </div> <div class="box-ssologin"> <a id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ssoListControl_ssoListView_ctrl0_singleSignOnControl_ssoLoginLink" class="ssologin-link" href="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$ssoListControl$ssoListView$ctrl0$singleSignOnControl$ssoLoginLink", "", true, "", "", false, true))"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ssoListControl_ssoListView_ctrl0_singleSignOnControl_ssoImageContainer" class="ssologin-ico"> <img src="https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/PublishingImages/logos/CNS-LogoSeal.jpg" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ssoListControl_ssoListView_ctrl0_singleSignOnControl_ssoImage" alt="Login with your CNS credentials" /> </div> <div class="ssologin-link__text"> <h5 id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ssoListControl_ssoListView_ctrl0_singleSignOnControl_loginLinkPrefix" class="ssologin-link__primary-text">Congress of Neurological Surgeons Member Login</h5> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ssoListControl_ssoListView_ctrl0_singleSignOnControl_loginLinkText" class="ssologin-link__secondary-text">Login with your CNS credentials</span> </div> <i class="wk-icon-arrow-right ssologin-link__icon"></i> </a> </div> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> // hide top message for SSO login $(function () { $('.ejp-login__message--top').addClass('dn'); }); </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ViewArticleInOvidContainer" class="box-ssologin"> <a id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypViewArticleInOvid" class="ssologin-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://login.journals.lww.com/OneID/Login.aspx?returnUrl=https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15&Login_type=Ovid" target="_self"> <div class="ssologin-ico"> <img src="/_layouts/1033/IMAGES/OAKS.Journals/ovid-logo.png"> </div> <div class="ssologin-link__text"> <h5 id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_divOvidIPNotAuthMsg" class="ssologin-link__primary-text">Institutional Users</h5> <span class="ssologin-link__secondary-text">Access through Ovid<sup>®</sup></span> </div> <i class="wk-icon-arrow-right ssologin-link__icon"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ejp-access-options__not-subscriber-access"> <h3 class="ejp-access-options__not-subscriber-access-title">Not a Subscriber?</h3> <div class="ejp-access-options__not-subscriber-access-main-actions"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liPurchase" class="ejp-access-options-btn"> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/secure/pages/purchase.aspx?an=01787389-202007000-00002" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypPurchase" class="ejp-access-options-btn-link ejp-access-options-btn-link--main js-ejp-hyp-purchase">Buy</a> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liSubscriber" class="ejp-access-options-btn"> <a href="https://shop.lww.com/p/2332-4252" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypSubscribe" class="ejp-access-options-btn-link ejp-access-options-btn-link--secondary js-ejp-hyp-subscribe" target="_blank">Subscribe</a> </div> </div> <div class="ejp-access-options__not-subscriber-access-secondary-actions"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liPatient" class="ejp-access-options__link-item"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypliPatentOrCaregiver" class="ejp-access-options__link js-ejp-hyp-content-permissions" onclick="showPatientorCaregiverlinkPopUp('https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet', 'WoltersKluwer', 'OPN', 'Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy', '12192019', 'Adomas Bunevicius, Nathan Judson McDannold, and Alexandra J Golby', '19', '1', 'Copyright \u00A9 2019 by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons', '01787389-202007000-00002', '', false, '')"> Request Permissions <i class="wk-icon-arrow-right ssologin-link__icon"></i> </a> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liSocietyMember" class="ejp-access-options__link-item"> <a href="https://www.cns.org/Default.aspx" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypSociety" class="ejp-access-options__link js-ejp-hyp-society" target="_blank"> Become a Society Member <i class="wk-icon-arrow-right ssologin-link__icon"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ejp-access-options ejp-access-options--mobile"> <p>You can read the full text of this article if you:</p> <div class="ao-dropdown-select-wrap"> <select class="ao-dropdown-select js-ao-dropdown-select"> <option value="">Select an option</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulLogin" value="login">Log In</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulPurchase" value="buy-article">Buy Article</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulSubscriber" value="subscribe">Subscribe</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulSocietyMember" value="society-membership">Society Membership</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulPatient" value="content-permissions">Content & Permissions</option> <option id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ulOvidAccess" value="ovid-access">Access through Ovid</option> </select> </div> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liLogin" class="ejp-access-options--hidden"> <a href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15&IsLoginLinkClicked=true" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypLogin" class="ejp-access-options__link js-ejp-hyp-login">Log In</a> </span> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_liOvidAccess" class="ejp-access-options--hidden"> <a href="https://login.journals.lww.com/OneID/Login.aspx?returnUrl=https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/fulltext/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15&Login_type=Ovid" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_hypOvidAccess" class="ejp-access-options__link js-ejp-hyp-ovid-access" rel="nofollow" target="_self">Access through Ovid</a> </span> </div> </div> </section> <div id="article-metrics"> <div id="article-metrics-container"> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_divOutlineHTML"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/SlideShowPopup.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/zoom.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script> var sample = 6; var smPos = 153; var spPos = 153; var sW; var sH; var articleImageDialogModal = $('#ArticleImageDialogModal'); function setImage(imageUrl) { var $container = $("#zoom_container"); var width = $container.width(); $container.z("destroy") .css("background-image", "url(/_layouts/1033/images/oaks.journals/preloader.gif)") .z({ width: width, image_url: imageUrl, responsive: true, responsive_maintain_ratio: true, max_WIDTH: '1200', max_HEIGHT: '1200', initial_ZOOM: 100, initial_POSITION: '0,0' }); return false; } </script> <div id="ArticleImageModal" class="wk-modal wk-modal-slideshow horizontally-centered large fixed-vertical ejp-modal" role="dialog" style="display: none;"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <section class="modal-content wk-modal-content wk-modal-slideshow__content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <button onclick="return displaySlideShowModal(false);" aria-label="close dialog" class="wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close" data-dismiss="wk-modal"><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="modal-body wk-modal-body wk-modal-slideshow__body flex flex-column"> <div id="zoom_container" class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-container"></div> <div id="ZoomContainerDetails" class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-container-details pa3"> <h3> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__title"></div> </h3> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__description"></div> <h4>Source</h4> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__source-article mb4"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_sourceArticleUrl" onclick="HideSlideShow();">Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy</a> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_citationdiv" class="wk-modal-slideshow__source-citation mb4"> Operative Neurosurgery19(1):9-18, July 2020. </div> </div> </div> <div class="modal-footer wk-modal-footer wk-modal-slideshow__footer pa2 flex flex-column flex-wrap"> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-controls flex justify-between items-center mb2"> <div id="zoom_buttons" class="wk-modal-slideshow__zoom-buttons flex justify-between"> <a href="#" onmousedown="$('#zoom_container').z('zoomIn')" onclick="return false" title="Zoom In" class="ph3"><i class="fa fa-plus-square white"></i></a> <a href="#" onmousedown="$('#zoom_container').z('zoomOut')" onclick="return false" title="Zoom Out" class="ph3"><i class="fa fa-minus-square white"></i></a> </div> <div class="wk-modal-slideshow__list-pager flex pr3"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="MovePrevious();" id="anchorPrev" title="Previous"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-left white"></i></a> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_imageCountStatus" class="wk-modal-slideshow__list-pager-text mh3 tc white"></span> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="MoveNext();" id="anchorNext" title="Next"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-right white"></i></a> </div> </div> <ul class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls flex justify-between"> <li class="pv2 ph3"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="ShowFullSize('01787389-202007000-00002');" class="white tc"> <i class="fa fa-arrows-alt mb2 db white"></i> <span class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls-text">Full-Size</span> </a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_lnkEmailToColleague" class="pv2 ph3"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="slideShow_EmailLinkClicked(imageIndex);" class="white tc"> <i class="fa fa-envelope mb2 db white"></i> <span class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls-text">Email</span> </a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_lnkFavorites" class="pv2 ph3"> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--add-to-favorites js-ejp-login-btn white tc" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"AddToFavoritesFromSlideShow","eventDetail":{"items":["Image|onsonline:2020:07000:00002|{0}|"],"an":"01787389-202007000-00002"},"eventOptions":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false},"loginDetail":{"isLoginOptional":false,"promptLogin":true,"loginPromptText":"To save this item, login or register"},"isNull":false}"> <i class="fa fa-folder mb2 db white"></i> <span class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls-text">+ Favorites</span> </button> </li> <li class="pv2 ph3"> <button class="user-menu__link user-menu__link--ppt-download js-ejp-login-btn" type="button" data-config="{"eventName":"PPTDownload","eventDetail":{"url":"https://journals.lww.com:443/onsonline/abstract/2020/07000/focused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx?context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15&Ppt=Article|onsonline:2020:07000:00002|10.1093/ons/opz374|","gating":false},"eventOptions":{"bubbles":true,"cancelable":true,"composed":false},"loginDetail":{"isLoginOptional":true,"promptLogin":false},"isNull":false}"> <i class="fa fa-file-powerpoint-o mb2 db white"></i> <span class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls-text">Export</span> </button> </li> <li class="wk-modal-slideshow__view-gallery pv2 ph3"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_imageGalleryUrl" class="white tc" onclick="slideShow_NavigateToUrl('/onsonline/pages/imagegallery.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002')"> <i class="fa fa-th-large mb2 db white"></i> <span class="wk-modal-slideshow__action-controls-text">View in Gallery</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </section> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$callShowImage" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_callShowImage" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$popupImageId" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_popupImageId" value="fig1" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$IsExportToPPT" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_IsExportToPPT" value="false" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$keyword" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_keyword" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_url" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_url" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_description" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_description" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_sourceTitle" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceTitle" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_sourceUrl" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_sourceInfo" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_sourceInfo" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_key" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_key" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_fullSizeUrl" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_fullSizeUrl" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$slideShowUserControl$image_imageGalleryUrl" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_slideShowUserControl_image_imageGalleryUrl" /> <input type="hidden" id="NoOfImages" name="NoOfImages" value="3" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/1033/Scripts/wk/EmailToColleague.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <a id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hypEmailToColleague" href="javascript:" style="display:none;"></a> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlEmailToColleague" class="wk-modal-table" style="display: none"> <div class="wk-modal-cell"> <div id="ej-box-modal-drop-shadow" class="wk-modal horizontally-centered small wk-modal-with-overlay wk-modal-small ejp-modal email-to-colleague" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" style="position: static;"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlMain" class="js-main-panel" onkeypress="javascript:return WebForm_FireDefaultButton(event, 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_btnSend')"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"> <strong> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_lblEmailToColleague">Email to Colleague</span></strong> </div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "> <i class="fa fa-times"></i> </button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_divErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-div ej-error-message-panel" style="display: none; color: red; font-style: italic"> <p class="ej-error-message-icon"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_lblErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-label">Colleague's E-mail is Invalid</span> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> Your Name: </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <input name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$txtYourName" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_txtYourName" class="js-name" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_lblColleaguesEmail" class="js-collegaues-email-lbl">Colleague's Email:</span> </div> <div class="wk-field-body no-bottom-margin"> <input name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$txtColleaguesEmail" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_txtColleaguesEmail" class="js-collegaues-email" /> </div> <div class="wk-field-header"><span class="ej-form-comments">Separate multiple e-mails with a (;).</span></div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item"> <div class="wk-field-header"> Message: </div> <div class="wk-field-body"> <textarea name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$txtMessage" rows="2" cols="20" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_txtMessage" class="js-message"> Thought you might appreciate this item(s) I saw in Operative Neurosurgery.</textarea> </div> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="submit" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$btnSend" value="Send" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_btnSend" class="js-send-button primary-button grecaptcha-email-colleague-e71b7b2f00d04df4a8433dc81a8a9955" /> <input type="button" value="Cancel" id="btnCancel" class="secondary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> <div class="wk-field-item wk-email-colleague-captcha-bar"> <div class="wk-field-body"> <div id="div-recaptcha-e71b7b2f00d04df4a8433dc81a8a9955" class="div-recaptcha-container" data-uniqueclassidentifier="grecaptcha-email-colleague-e71b7b2f00d04df4a8433dc81a8a9955" data-sitekey="6LeeoSAUAAAAACFv8yNuINPv8IWyXHJ6uN447qEK" data-callback="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_captchaCallBack" data-badge="inline" data-size="invisible" data-type="image" > </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlSuccessMessage" class="js-success-message-panel" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <div class="wk-field-item"> <br /> <p> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_lblMessageSent">Your message has been successfully sent to your colleague.</span> </p> <br /> </div> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="button" value="Close Window" id="btnClose" class="primary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlErrorMessage" class="js-error-message-panel" style="display: none;"> <section class="wk-modal-content"> <header class="wk-modal-header ejp-modal-header"> <div class="wk-modal-title ejp-modal-title"></div> <button aria-label="close dialog" class="primary-button wk-button-icon wk-modal-close ejp-modal-close js-close "><i class="fa fa-times"></i></button> </header> <div class="wk-modal-body"> <br /> <div class="wk-field-item"> <span id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_lblInvalidEmail" style="color:Red;">Some error has occurred while processing your request. Please try after some time.</span> </div> <br /> <div class="wk-button-bar"> <div class="wk-button-group-left"> <input type="button" value="Close Window" id="btnEClose" class="primary-button js-close" /> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$hiddenEmailToColleague" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hiddenEmailToColleague" /> <input type="hidden" name="ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$hiddenIsUser" id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hiddenIsUser" /> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.emailToColleaguePopups = window.emailToColleaguePopups || []; var ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_captchaCallBack = function () { ejpAnalytics.track('emailColleaguereCAPTCHA'); ejpAnalytics.track('emailColleagueComplete'); __doPostBack('ctl00$ctl29$g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27$ctl00$emailToColleague$btnSend','') }; var initEmailToColleaguectl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague = function () { window.emailToColleaguePopups['ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague'] = new EmailToColleagueComponent('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlEmailToColleague', 'div-recaptcha-e71b7b2f00d04df4a8433dc81a8a9955', 'grecaptcha-email-colleague-e71b7b2f00d04df4a8433dc81a8a9955', 'emailToColleaguePopupExtender_881693381', 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hiddenEmailToColleague', 'ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hiddenIsUser', '01787389-202007000-00002' ); } Sys.WebForms.PageRequestManager.getInstance().add_pageLoaded(initEmailToColleaguectl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague); </script> <input type="hidden" id="selectedItems" name="selectedItems" value="" /> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div id="ctl00_PlaceHolderMain_ResponsivePageLayoutRenderer_ResponsiveLayoutRowRepeater_ctl01_ResponsiveLayoutColumnRepeater_ctl01_ResponsiveLayoutColumn" class=" wk-column-12 wk-column-4-m wk-column-4-l wk-column-4-xl wk-column-4-xxl"> <div class="ms-webpart-zone ms-fullWidth"> <div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ1" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="99570cb6-ebf1-4b86-b826-29771bd9a76e" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ1" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_99570cb6_ebf1_4b86_b826_29771bd9a76e"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_99570cb6_ebf1_4b86_b826_29771bd9a76e_ctl00_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-middle"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_07c80d30-d951-4867-8604-dbf5cc8dabeb" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_07c80d30-d951-4867-8604-dbf5cc8dabeb" data-sizemap="[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Article/Right" data-autoload="no" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="0" data-name="Right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ2" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="9c9ddaee-33d8-4981-914d-c5bd43600ff5" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ2" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9c9ddaee_33d8_4981_914d_c5bd43600ff5"> <div class="js-advanced-recommendation-widget" data-config="{"serviceUrl":null,"displayMode":"ListView","headerText":"Related Articles","hash":"1","itemsPerPage":6,"renderOnServer":false,"showConsoleLog":false,"shouldShowSpeciality":"0","kind":"Article","title":"Focused Ultrasound Strategies for Brain Tumor Therapy","meshTerms":["Brain Neoplasms","Drug Delivery Systems","Ultrasonography","Blood-Brain Barrier","Glioma","Medication Review","Therapeutics","Growth","Gadolinium","Magnetics"],"wkmrid":"JOURNAL/oneus/04.03/01787389-202007000-00002/root/v/2023-11-01T171417Z/r/text-xml","imageHandlerUrl":"https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline","accessionNumber":"01787389-202007000-00002","fontSize":"small","displayImage":false,"showJournalTitle":false,"showPublicationDate":false}"></div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ3" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="a0938b3c-4217-435b-b2de-d870a81f9ea1" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ3" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_a0938b3c_4217_435b_b2de_d870a81f9ea1"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_a0938b3c_4217_435b_b2de_d870a81f9ea1_ctl00_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-middle"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_f7a35a56-9c9b-4c26-9db5-a7cf7da89122" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_f7a35a56-9c9b-4c26-9db5-a7cf7da89122" data-sizemap="[[[0, 0], [[300, 250]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Article/Right" data-autoload="no" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="0" data-name="Right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ4" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="ed206f7b-bf73-433b-86c5-5a6354316d70" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ4" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_ed206f7b_bf73_433b_86c5_5a6354316d70"> <div data-config="{"serviceUrl":null,"displayMode":null,"hash":"1","itemsPerPage":40,"renderOnServer":false}"></div><section id="ctl00_ctl29_g_ed206f7b_bf73_433b_86c5_5a6354316d70_ctl01_divRecentActivity" class="content-box cb-collapsible"> <div class="ejp-uc--small"> <header class="ejp-heading-2"> <h2 aria-expanded="false"> Readers Of this Article Also Read </h2> </header> <div id="ej-box-01-body"> <div id="ej-articlesWithTerms"> <ul> <li class="ejp-uc__list-item"> <h3 class='ejp-uc__article-title'><a title href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2007/09001/the_use_of_fibrin_glue_to_stop_venous_bleeding_in.7.aspx" onmouseover="javascript:event.cancelBubble = true;Tooltip_Article('THE USE OF FIBRIN GLUE TO STOP VENOUS BLEEDING IN THE EPIDURAL SPACE, VERTEBRAL VENOUS PLEXUS, AND ANTERIOR CAVERNOUS SINUS: TECHNICAL NOTE', 'Sekhar Laligam N. M.D.; Natarajan, Sabareesh K. M.D., M.S.; Manning, Tom M.D.; Bhagawati, Dolin B.A.', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'September 2007', '61', '3' , 'p E51');" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-uc__article-title-link">THE USE OF FIBRIN GLUE TO STOP VENOUS BLEEDING IN THE EPIDURAL SPACE, VERTEBRAL ...</a></h3></li> <li class="ejp-uc__list-item"> <h3 class='ejp-uc__article-title'><a title href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2009/05001/primary_dural_repair_during_minimally_invasive.17.aspx" onmouseover="javascript:event.cancelBubble = true;Tooltip_Article('PRIMARY DURAL REPAIR DURING MINIMALLY INVASIVE MICRODISCECTOMY USING STANDARD OPERATING ROOM INSTRUMENTS', 'Chou Dean M.D.; Wang, Vincent Y. M.D., Ph.D.; Khan, Aman Shabi M.D.', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'May 2009', '64', '5' , 'p ons356-ons359');" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-uc__article-title-link">PRIMARY DURAL REPAIR DURING MINIMALLY INVASIVE MICRODISCECTOMY USING STANDARD...</a></h3></li> <li class="ejp-uc__list-item"> <h3 class='ejp-uc__article-title'><a title href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2009/12001/a_new_technique_for_dural_suturing_with_fascia.6.aspx" onmouseover="javascript:event.cancelBubble = true;Tooltip_Article('A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DURAL SUTURING WITH FASCIA GRAFT FOR CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LEAKAGE IN TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY', 'Ahn Jung Yong M.D. Ph.D.; Kim, Sun Ho M.D., Ph.D.', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'December 2009', '65', '6' , 'p ons65-ons72');" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-uc__article-title-link">A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR DURAL SUTURING WITH FASCIA GRAFT FOR CEREBROSPINAL FLUID...</a></h3></li> <li class="ejp-uc__list-item"> <h3 class='ejp-uc__article-title'><a title href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2010/03002/aneurysm_clips_for_durotomy_repair__technical_note.19.aspx" onmouseover="javascript:event.cancelBubble = true;Tooltip_Article('Aneurysm Clips for Durotomy Repair: Technical Note', 'Beier Alexandra D. DO; Barrett, Ryan J. DO; Soo, Teck M. MD', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'March 2010', '66', '3' , 'p onsE124-onsE125');" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-uc__article-title-link">Aneurysm Clips for Durotomy Repair: Technical Note</a></h3></li> <li class="ejp-uc__list-item"> <h3 class='ejp-uc__article-title'><a title href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/abstract/2011/03001/target_and_trajectory_clinical_application.15.aspx" onmouseover="javascript:event.cancelBubble = true;Tooltip_Article('Target and Trajectory Clinical Application Accuracy in Neuronavigation', 'Shamir Reuben R MSc; Joskowicz, Leo PhD; Spektor, Sergey MD; Shoshan, Yigal MD', 'Operative Neurosurgery', 'March 2011', '68', '' , 'p ons95-ons102');" onmouseout="javascript:Tooltip_MouseOut()" class="ejp-uc__article-title-link">Target and Trajectory Clinical Application Accuracy in Neuronavigation</a></h3></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ5" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="9cfdda72-2e91-41eb-ae9d-52002e306a44" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ5" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9cfdda72_2e91_41eb_ae9d_52002e306a44"> <div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_9cfdda72_2e91_41eb_ae9d_52002e306a44_ctl00_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ej-advertisement-bannercombo"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_40efeac9-5a82-471b-aebc-85cd1e6c2ebe" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_40efeac9-5a82-471b-aebc-85cd1e6c2ebe" data-sizemap="[[[1050, 200], [[300, 600], [300, 250], [160, 600]]], [[730, 600], [[300, 600], [300, 250]]], [ [ 0, 0 ], [ [300, 250] ] ] ]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Article/Right1" data-autoload="no" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="0" data-name="Right1"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div><div class="ms-PartSpacingVertical"></div> </div><div id="MSOZoneCell_WebPartWPQ6" class="s4-wpcell-plain ms-webpartzone-cell ms-webpart-cell-vertical-inline-table ms-webpart-cell-vertical ms-fullWidth "> <div class="ms-webpart-chrome ms-webpart-chrome-vertical ms-webpart-chrome-fullWidth "> <div WebPartID="84eff9e2-fecf-4cc6-a69a-41e806547a24" HasPers="false" id="WebPartWPQ6" width="100%" class="ms-WPBody noindex " allowDelete="false" style="" ><div id="ctl00_ctl29_g_84eff9e2_fecf_4cc6_a69a_41e806547a24"> <div class="js-ejp-universalMostPopular-webpart" data-config="{"serviceUrl":"https://services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/MostPopularDataService.svc/GetMostPopularItems?timeframe=90d&journalIds=onsonline&publisher=LWW&results=5&numberOfSymbolsInSubtitle=275&hash=1&displayCustomIndicator=False","headerText":"Most Popular","headerUrl":null,"displayMode":"ListView","hash":"1","shouldShowImage":false,"shouldShowSpeciality":"JournalSpeciality","showArticleDescription":false,"showJournalTitle":false,"viewAllLink":null,"fontSize":"small","showSpecialitySection":false,"showPublicationDate":false,"showIndicators":false}"></div> </div><div class="ms-clear"></div></div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="wk-grid-container-no-margin" id="AddRowBottomContainer"> </div> </div> <div style='display:none' id='hidZone'><menu class="ms-hide"> <ie:menuitem id="MSOMenu_Help" iconsrc="/_layouts/15/images/HelpIcon.gif" onmenuclick="MSOWebPartPage_SetNewWindowLocation(MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpLink'), MenuWebPart.getAttribute('helpMode'))" text="Help" type="option" style="display:none"> </ie:menuitem> </menu></div> </div> <div id="DeltaFormDigest"> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ var formDigestElement = document.getElementsByName('__REQUESTDIGEST')[0]; if (!((formDigestElement == null) || (formDigestElement.tagName.toLowerCase() != 'input') || (formDigestElement.type.toLowerCase() != 'hidden') || (formDigestElement.value == null) || (formDigestElement.value.length <= 0))) { formDigestElement.value = '0x79E188DBD94BAC50DA56A899D82E541BA55B2ABD1B93365450C91B6A09D9F028C3EAC5D75F2B3F186C9A8476C15D7931D8CF7E4D80A74B91B6618C6F7AB5F8E5,26 Nov 2024 23:56:27 -0000';_spPageContextInfo.updateFormDigestPageLoaded = new Date(); } //]]> </script> </div> </div>  <footer class="ejp-footer"> <div class="container wk-grid-page-container"> <a class="ejp-footer__back-to-top-link"><i class="fa fa-angle-up b ejp-footer__back-to-top-link-icon"></i>Back to Top</a> <div class="ejp-footer__main-content">  <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section"> <section class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-wrapper js-section-alert"> <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-image-container"> <img src="https://images.journals.lww.com/onsonline/XLargeThumb.01787389-202412000-00000.CV.jpeg" id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_imgAlertControl" alt="Current Issue Cover Image" class="" /> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-text-holder"> <h4 id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_headerAlertControl">Never Miss an Issue</h4> <div class="js-section-alert__content"> <span id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_spanBodyAlertControl" class="ejp-footer__smart-control-section-info">Get new journal Tables of Contents sent right to your email inbox</span> <input name="ctl00$ctl56$FooterSmartControl$ctl00$userEmailAlertControl" type="text" id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_userEmailAlertControl" class="js-section-alert__email" placeholder="Type your email" /> <span class="js-section-alert--error"></span> <button id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterSmartControl_ctl00_buttonAlertControl" type="button" class="js-section-alert__subscribe-button" data-alert-type="Etoc" data-subscribed-msg="You are now subscribed to receive eTOC alerts whenever new issues are published">Get New Issue Alerts</button> </div> </div> </section> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { $("#smartWpMostPopularLink").on('click', function() { window.location = "https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx?WT.mc_id=HPxADx20100319xMP"; }); })(jQuery); </script> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__info-holder"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divLeftColumn" class="ejp-footer__info-left-wrapper"> <div class="ejp-footer__info-block"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">Browse Journal Content</h4> <ul class="ejp-footer__info-block-two-col-list"> <li> <a href='/onsonline/pages/viewallmostpopulararticles.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Most Popular</a> </li> <li> <a href='/onsonline/pages/currenttoc.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Current Issue</a> </li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liRegister"><a id="ctl00_ctl56_lnkRegister" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15">Register on the website</a></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liSubscribe" role="presentation"><a id="ctl00_ctl56_lnkSubscribe" href="https://shop.lww.com/p/2332-4252" target="_blank">Subscribe</a></li> <li id="ctl00_ctl56_liHyperSubscribeToEtoc"><a rel="nofollow" title href="javascript:javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');;" onclick="javascript: alerts_ShowSubscribeeTOCPopup('Operative Neurosurgery','onsonline','eTOC', 'eTOC');"><span id="ctl00_ctl56_alertLinkControl_defaultText" class="hideOnFixed">Get eTOC Alerts</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divRightColumn" class="ejp-footer__info-right-wrapper"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_divForJournalAuthors" class="ejp-footer__info-block"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">For Journal Authors</h4> <ul> <li class=''> <a href='/onsonline/_layouts/15/1033/oaks.journals/informationforauthors.aspx' target='' rel="noopener">Submit an article</a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://wkauthorservices.editage.com/' target='_blank' rel="noopener">How to publish with us</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__info-block ejp-footer__info-block--custom-service"> <h4 class="ejp-footer__info-block-header">Customer Service</h4> <ul> <li><span class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile">Contact us at:</span> <ul> <li class="ejp-footer__contacts-wrapper ejp-footer__email-settings"> <div class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile">Support:</div> <a href="https://www.tfaforms.com/4966570" id="ctl00_ctl56_custSupport" target="_blank">Submit a Service Request</a> </li> <li class="ejp-footer__contacts-wrapper ejp-footer__phone-settings"> <div class="ejp-footer--show-on-mobile ejp-footer__phone-settings--version"> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_telMobileUSA">TEL: (USA):</div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_telMobileInt">TEL: (Int’l):</div> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__phone-settings--holder"> <div> 800-638-3030 <span class="ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile">(within USA)</span> </div> <div> 301-223-2300 <span class="ejp-footer--hide-on-mobile">(international)</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul><li> <button id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings ot-ejp-btn" onclick="return false;">Cookie Settings</button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <span id="ctl00_ctl56_FooterConfiguration" class="js-config-provider" data-config="{"loginConfiguration":{"serviceUrl":"https://services.journals.lww.com/IntegrationServices/AccountService.svc/Login","registerUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/register.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15","forgotPasswordUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/forgotpassword.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15","redirectUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/login.aspx?ContextUrl=%2fonsonline%2fabstract%2f2020%2f07000%2ffocused_ultrasound_strategies_for_brain_tumor.2.aspx%3fcontext%3dfeaturedarticles%26collectionid%3d15","tokenKey":"AppSsoToken","ssoLoginOptions":[{"loginHref":"https://www.cns.org/wkhjournal?academiclink=https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2020&issue=07000&article=00002&type=Abstract&context=featuredarticles&collectionid=15","imageSrc":"https://journals.lww.com/neurosurgery/PublishingImages/logos/CNS-LogoSeal.jpg","linkPrefixText":"Congress of Neurological Surgeons Member Login","linkText":"Login with your CNS credentials"}],"customerService":{"customerServiceUSPhone":"(800) 638-3030","customerServiceInternationalPhone":"301-223-2300","customerServiceEmail":"customerservice@lww.com"},"useAlternativeAccountLinks":false},"commonConfiguration":{"commonEndpoints":{"addToFavoritesServiceUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/UserCollectionsService.svc/AddToFavorites","saveSearchServiceUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/UserCollectionsService.svc/SaveSearch","counterDataServiceUrl":"https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/DualAccessService.svc/SendCounterDataRequestByAN"},"kaltura":{"partnerId":"1315631","playerId":"52253872","kalturaWidgetUrl":"https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1315631/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/52253872"},"brightCove":{"brightCoveScriptUrl":"https://players.brightcove.net/2324982687001/HyP0JSARx_default/index.min.js","dataAccount":"2324982687001","dataPlayer":"HyP0JSARx"},"math":{"libUrl":"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"},"recoWidget":{"journals":[{"Id":"onsonline","Version":"04.03","ProductCode":"oneus"}],"pubFilter":{},"clientId":"ejp_v3","libUrl":"https://assets.ovid.com/widget/v3/widget.js"},"sciteBadge":{"libUrl":"https://cdn.scite.ai/badge/scite-badge-latest.min.js"}}}"></span> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl56_footerSocialDiv" class="ejp-footer__social-links ejp-footer--dashed-decore"> <ul id="ctl00_ctl56_socialList"> <li class=''> <a href='https://www.facebook.com/NeurosurgeryCNS/' target='_blank' title="Facebook" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener"> <img style='display:none' src=''> <i class='wk-icon-filled-facebook' aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://X.com/NeurosurgeryCNS' target='_blank' title="X" aria-label="X" rel="noopener"> <img style='display:none' src=''> <i class='wk-icon-filled-x' aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://www.instagram.com/cns_update/' target='_blank' title="Instagram" aria-label="Instagram" rel="noopener"> <img style='display:inline-block' src='/onsonline/PublishingImages/SocialMedia/Instagram.png'> <i class='' aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ejp-footer__bottom-links"> <ul class="ejp-footer__useful-links"> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkPrivacy" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/privacy.aspx">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkLegal" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/disclaimer.aspx">Legal Disclaimer</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkTermsOfUse" href="https://journals.lww.com/onsonline/_layouts/oaks.journals/terms.aspx">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkNIHPublicAccess" href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/solutions/lippincott-journals/lippincott-open-access">Open Access Policy</a></li> <li class=''> <a href='/onsonline/Secure/Pages/feedback.aspx' target=''> <img style='display:none' src='' /> <i class=''></i> Feedback </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='/onsonline/_layouts/15/OAKS.Journals/feeds.aspx' target=''> <img style='display:none' src='' /> <i class=''></i> RSS Feeds </a> </li> <li class=''> <a href='https://lww.com/' target=''> <img style='display:none' src='' /> <i class=''></i> LWW Journals </a> </li> <li><a id="ctl00_ctl56_hlkCAPrivacyChoices" href="https://privacyportal-de.onetrust.com/webform/2217e117-526b-4696-8a98-8c402f8f2b81/5b049ba3-0106-4b77-a7da-5d12238c90a4">Your California Privacy Choices</a> <img src="/_layouts/1033/IMAGES/OAKS.Journals/CAPrivacyPolicy.png" id="ctl00_ctl56_imgCAPrivacyPolicyChoices" class="wk-footer__ca-privacy-logo" alt="California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon" /> </li> </ul> <ul class="ejp-footer__copyright-block"> <li><span>Copyright © 2024</span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/health" target="_blank">Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries. All rights reserved.</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> </div> </div>   <script> $(document).on('click', '.yamm .dropdown-menu', function (e) { e.stopPropagation(); }); </script>   <div id="ctl00_ctl59_adContainer" class="ej-advertisement ejp-advertisement-highimpact js-advertisement-highimpact"> <div class="ej-advertisement-content"> <div> <div id="ga_5729c2d9-3ecd-4672-ae06-ca82f5134cd0" class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container-ga_5729c2d9-3ecd-4672-ae06-ca82f5134cd0" data-sizemap="[[[992, 500], [[300, 250]]], [[768, 180], [[728, 90]]], [[0, 0], [[300, 50]]]]" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/HighImpact" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="no" data-sticky="yes" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="10" data-name="HighImpact"></div> </div> </div> </div>    <div id="ga_Top1" class="ad-slot-container" data-sizemap="" data-adpath="/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Home/Interstitial" data-autoload="yes" data-outofpage="yes" data-sticky="no" data-slottargeting='' data-displayslug="yes" data-sticky-duration="10" data-name="Interstitial"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var Page_Validators = new Array(document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError")); //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError = document.all ? document.all["ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError"] : document.getElementById("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError"); ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.display = "Dynamic"; ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.validationGroup = "EmailValidationGroup"; ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError.evaluationfunction = "CustomValidatorEvaluateIsValid"; //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ var _spFormDigestRefreshInterval = 1440000;window.SPThemeUtils && SPThemeUtils.ApplyCurrentTheme(true); IsSPSocialSwitchEnabled = function() { return true; };var _fV4UI = true; function _RegisterWebPartPageCUI() { var initInfo = {editable: false,isEditMode: false,allowWebPartAdder: false,listId: "{8099510d-eced-447d-bc88-2829535e7b3a}",itemId: 145,recycleBinEnabled: true,enableMinorVersioning: false,enableModeration: false,forceCheckout: false,rootFolderUrl: "\u002fonsonline\u002fPages",itemPermissions:{High:0,Low:200769}}; SP.Ribbon.WebPartComponent.registerWithPageManager(initInfo); var wpcomp = SP.Ribbon.WebPartComponent.get_instance(); var hid; hid = document.getElementById("_wpSelected"); if (hid != null) { var wpid = hid.value; if (wpid.length > 0) { var zc = document.getElementById(wpid); if (zc != null) wpcomp.selectWebPart(zc, false); } } hid = document.getElementById("_wzSelected"); if (hid != null) { var wzid = hid.value; if (wzid.length > 0) { wpcomp.selectWebPartZone(null, wzid); } } }; function __RegisterWebPartPageCUI() { ExecuteOrDelayUntilScriptLoaded(_RegisterWebPartPageCUI, "sp.ribbon.js");} _spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames.push("__RegisterWebPartPageCUI");var __wpmExportWarning='This Web Part Page has been personalized. As a result, one or more Web Part properties may contain confidential information. Make sure the properties contain information that is safe for others to read. After exporting this Web Part, view properties in the Web Part description file (.WebPart) by using a text editor such as Microsoft Notepad.';var __wpmCloseProviderWarning='You are about to close this Web Part. It is currently providing data to other Web Parts, and these connections will be deleted if this Web Part is closed. To close this Web Part, click OK. To keep this Web Part, click Cancel.';var __wpmDeleteWarning='You are about to permanently delete this Web Part. Are you sure you want to do this? To delete this Web Part, click OK. To keep this Web Part, click Cancel.';var lblColleaguesEmail = $get('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_lblColleaguesEmail'); var Page_ValidationActive = false; if (typeof(ValidatorOnLoad) == "function") { ValidatorOnLoad(); } function ValidatorOnSubmit() { if (Page_ValidationActive) { return ValidatorCommonOnSubmit(); } else { return true; } } //]]> </script> <script type='text/javascript'>SP.SOD.set_prefetch(0);</script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ WPSC.Init(document); var varPartWPQ1 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ1','99570cb6-ebf1-4b86-b826-29771bd9a76e',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ1')); var varPartWPQ2 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ2','9c9ddaee-33d8-4981-914d-c5bd43600ff5',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ2')); var varPartWPQ3 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ3','a0938b3c-4217-435b-b2de-d870a81f9ea1',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ3')); var varPartWPQ4 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ4','ed206f7b-bf73-433b-86c5-5a6354316d70',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ4')); var varPartWPQ5 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ5','9cfdda72-2e91-41eb-ae9d-52002e306a44',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ5')); var varPartWPQ6 = WPSC.WebPartPage.Parts.Register('WPQ6','84eff9e2-fecf-4cc6-a69a-41e806547a24',document.getElementById('WebPartWPQ6')); WPSC.WebPartPage.WebURL = 'https:\u002f\u002fjournals.lww.com\u002fonsonline'; WPSC.WebPartPage.WebServerRelativeURL = '\u002fonsonline'; var g_clientIdDeltaPlaceHolderMain = "DeltaPlaceHolderMain"; var g_clientIdDeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent = "DeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent"; WebForm_AutoFocus('ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_txtYourName');Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","DropShadow":true,"PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_pnlunSubscribeToAlerts","dynamicServicePath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","id":"unSubscribeToAlerts"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_ucUnsubscribeToAlertsUserControl_dummyTargetControl")); }); Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","DropShadow":true,"PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_pnlSubscribeToEtoc","dynamicServicePath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","id":"subscribeToEtoc"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_dummyTargetControl")); }); document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError').dispose = function() { Array.remove(Page_Validators, document.getElementById('ctl00_ctl51_Header_UserActionTools_SubscribeToEtocPopupControl_cvEmailError')); } g_QuickLaunchControlIds.push("zz1_TopNavigationMenu");_spBodyOnLoadFunctionNames.push('QuickLaunchInitDroppable'); var g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu = null; function init_zz1_TopNavigationMenu() { if (g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu == null) g_zz1_TopNavigationMenu = $create(SP.UI.AspMenu, null, null, null, $get('zz1_TopNavigationMenu')); } if(g_spPreFetchKeys) {{ g_spPreFetchKeys.push('SP.Core.js');}}EnsureScriptFunc('SP.Core.js', 'SP.UI.AspMenu', init_zz1_TopNavigationMenu); Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_pnlEmailToColleague","dynamicServicePath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","id":"emailToColleaguePopupExtender__1096402368"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_emailToColleagueControl_hypEmailToColleague")); }); Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_pnlExportTo","dynamicServicePath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","id":"OpenExportToPopupExtender__743927265"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_ucArticleTools_exportToCitationManager_hypExportToCitationManager")); }); Sys.Application.add_init(function() { $create(AjaxControlToolkit.ModalPopupBehavior, {"BackgroundCssClass":"Popup-Overlay","PopupControlID":"ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_pnlEmailToColleague","dynamicServicePath":"/onsonline/pages/articleviewer.aspx","id":"emailToColleaguePopupExtender_881693381"}, null, null, $get("ctl00_ctl29_g_9d8d8345_79ae_4158_b5f4_0e00a33d4d27_ctl00_emailToColleague_hypEmailToColleague")); }); //]]> </script> </form> <span id="DeltaPlaceHolderUtilityContent"> </span> <script type="text/javascript">// <![CDATA[ var g_Workspace = "s4-workspace"; // ]]> </script> <div id="ctl00_ctl64_divAdConfig" data-adconfig="{"adTitle":"Advertisement","slotClass":"ad-slot-container","topBanner":{"sticky":"true","stickyDuration":"5000"},"lazyLoadingEnabled":false,"npiHash":"","pageTargeting":{"ArticleId":"01787389-202007000-00002"}}" data-videoadconfig="{"serverURL":"https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ads","sizes":"320x180|640x360","overlayUnitPath":"/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Video/overlay","prerollUnitPath":"/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Video/pre-roll","postrollUnitPath":"/15726702761/Desktop/onsonline/Video/post-roll"}" class="js-ad-config"> </div> <div id="ctl00_ctl64_divScripts"><script type="text/plain" async="async" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" class="optanon-category-C0004"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ads.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { if (true) { $(".top-microbar-container").addClass('top-microbar-container-moved').insertAfter(".advertisement-content_top"); } $(function () { if (false) { $( '<div class="top-banner-verify-email">Be sure to check your email to verify your new user account! Thanks!</div>') .insertAfter(".top-microbar-container"); } }); })(jQuery); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], t = window.twttr || {}; if (d.getElementById(id)) return t; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); t._e = []; t.ready = function(f) { t._e.push(f); }; return t; }(document, "script", "twitter-wjs")); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://lww.com/_layouts/15/oaks.journals/core/ee.js?v=05.24.00.023" defer="true"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OTScriptExecutedEventHandler(e) { if (window.WKTracker && window.TrackingSetup) { window.TrackingSetup.api = window.TrackingSetup.api || {}; window.TrackingSetup.api.baseUrl = 'https://apim-hlrp-ejp-prod.azure-api.net/ee'; window.TrackingSetup.api.log = window.TrackingSetup.api.log || {}; window.TrackingSetup.api.resolve = window.TrackingSetup.api.resolve || {}; window.TrackingSetup.gdpr = window.TrackingSetup.gdpr || {}; window.TrackingSetup.gdpr.cookieUsageConsent = window.cookieUsageConsent || false; window.WKTracker.configure(window.TrackingSetup); window.WKTracker.track(); // Remove the event listener window.removeEventListener('OTScriptExecuted', OTScriptExecutedEventHandler); } } window.addEventListener('OTScriptExecuted', OTScriptExecutedEventHandler); </script> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8e8dd0aeef80831e',t:'MTczMjY2NTM4OC4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Operative Neurosurgery