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Vísindavefurinn: Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?

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Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?</title> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=yes,minimum-scalable=1.0" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="UeM_PYJ3NMU1SICgJbjpZdSnqgd7GyGP5YNeM7CYey0" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="W8zhu2vlmP8cDcSp9nCc3F-GKMvtWGBQqOb4cZ-DFhU" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.visindavefur.is/myndir/visindavefur_logo_stort_200514.jpg"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="723301661"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=2661"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?"/> <meta property="og:description" content="Áhrif keltnesku á íslensku í upphafi Íslands byggðar eru einkum á sviði tökuorða, mannanafna og örnefna. Merkasta rannsóknin á þessu sviði er verk Helga Guðmundssonar, Um haf innan, sem kom út hjá Háskólaútgáfunni 1997. Undirtitill bókarinnar er Vestrænir menn og íslenzk menning á miðöldum. 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Síðdegis: 23:01</strong> <span>í Reykjavík</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-data"> <div class="data-item"> <img src="/design/i_vv/icon-sun.svg" alt="Sólin"> Sólin <strong>Rís 10:38 • sest 15:53</strong> <span>í Reykjavík</span> </div> <div class="data-item"> <img src="/design/i_vv/icon-moon.svg" alt="Tunglið"> Tunglið <strong>Rís 07:13 • Sest 14:40</strong> <span>í Reykjavík</span> </div> <div class="data-item"> <img src="/design/i_vv/icon-flood.svg" alt="Flóð"> Flóð <strong>Árdegis: 04:43 • Síðdegis: 16:51</strong> <span>í Reykjavík</span> </div> <div class="data-item"> <img src="/design/i_vv/icon-tide.svg" alt="Fjaran"> Fjara <strong>Árdegis: 10:54 • Síðdegis: 23:01</strong> <span>í Reykjavík</span> </div> </div> </header> <div class="poppin md-send"> <a class="instructions" href="#">Leiðbeiningar<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-help-circle"><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="10"></circle><path d="M9.09 9a3 3 0 0 1 5.83 1c0 2-3 3-3 3"></path><line x1="12" y1="17" x2="12.01" y2="17"></line></svg></a><a class="instructions-close" href="#">Til baka <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="feather feather-arrow-left"><line x1="19" y1="12" x2="5" y2="12"></line><polyline points="12 19 5 12 12 5"></polyline></svg></a> <h2>Sendu inn spurningu </h2> <div class="instructions-more"> <p class="first">Hér getur þú sent okkur nýjar spurningar um vísindaleg efni.</p> <p>Hafðu spurninguna stutta og hnitmiðaða og sendu aðeins eina í einu. Einlægar og vandaðar spurningar um mikilvæg efni eru líklegastar til að kalla fram vönduð og greið svör. Ekki er víst að tími vinnist til að svara öllum spurningum.</p> <p>Persónulegar upplýsingar um spyrjendur eru eingöngu notaðar í starfsemi vefsins, til dæmis til að svör verði við hæfi spyrjenda. Spurningum er ekki sinnt ef spyrjandi villir á sér heimildir eða segir ekki nægileg deili á sér.</p> <p>Spurningum sem eru ekki á verksviði vefsins er eytt.</p> <p>Að öðru leyti er hægt að spyrja Vísindavefinn um allt milli himins og jarðar!</p> <div class="content-left-sep"></div> </div> <form action="/hvers_vegna.php?id=" method="POST" name="question_send"> <div class="md-fields"> <input type="hidden" name="step" value="4"> <div class="md-input"> <label for="s-fname">Nafn</label> <input type="text" name="f_name" class="send-input" id="s-fname" required="required" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="l_name" class="send-input" id="s-sname" value=""> </div> <div class="md-input"> <label for="s-email">Netfang</label> <input type="email" name="email" class="send-input" id="s-email" required="required" value=""> </div> <div class="md-input"> <label for="s-byear">Fæðingarár</label> <input type="number" name="birthyear" class="send-input" id="s-byear" maxlength="4" required="required" value=""> </div> <div class="md-input"> <label for="s-math">Ruslpóstvörn</label> <input type="hidden" name="vv_math_problem_hash_id" class="vv_math_problem_hash_id" id="vv_math_problem_hash_id" value=""> <input type="text" name="vv_math_problem_answer" id="vv_math_problem_answer" class="send-input" valuesize="2" maxlength="2" required="required" style="width: 30%;"> <span class="s-math-container"> = <span class="math_problem_num1_txt"></span> <img class="math_problem_math_icon" src="" /> <span class="math_problem_num2_txt"></span> </span> </div> <div class="md-input"> <label for="s-question">Spurning</label> <textarea type="text" name="question" class="send-input i-question" id="s-question" rows="6" required="required"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="md-actions"> <button type="button" value="" class="btn btn-white"><i data-feather="x"></i> Hætta við</button> <button type="submit" value="Senda" class="btn send-button"><i data-feather="check"></i> Senda</button> </div> </form> </div> <section class="layout"> <div class="main-content"> <div class="backdrop-blue"> <!-- answer begins --> <div class="article-header layout-item"> <div class="breadcrumbs-button"> <img class="br-arrow" src="/design/i_vv/icon-arrow-left.svg"> <img class="br-home" src="/design/i_vv/icon-home.svg"> <a class="br-back" href="/">Forsíða</a> <a href="/vegna_thess.php?id=2">Hugvísindi</a> <a href="/flokkur/258/ornefni/">örnefni</a> <span>Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?</span> </div> <div class="headline-elements"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <div class="b-left"> <p class="top">Flokkun:</p> </div> <div class="b-right"> <span class="b-date">21.8.2002</span> <div class="b-cat"> <a href="/vegna_thess.php?id=2">Hugvísindi</a> <a href="/flokkur/258/ornefni/">örnefni</a> </div> <button class="btn btn-badge" onclick="vv_categories_toggle();"> <img src="/design/i_vv/keyboard-arrow-down.svg" alt="arrow-down"> 1 fleiri </button> <div class="b-cat"> <a href="/vegna_thess.php?id=2">Hugvísindi</a> <a href="/vegna_thess.php?id=28">Málvísindi: íslensk</a> </div> </div> </div> <h1>Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?</h1> <p class="authors"> Guðrún Kvaran </p> </div> <!-- ads begin --> <div class="sp-top-img" > <a href="http://www.arnastofnun.is/" target="_blank"><img src="/auglysingar/arnastofnun_merki_2024.png" alt="Árnastofnun - mynd í *Árnarstofnun" /></a> </div> <!-- ads end --> </div> </div> <div class="article-wrapper layout-item"> <section class="content-left"> <article class="default-article"> <section class="article-text" id="vv-article-text-area"> <div id="readspeaker_button1" class="rs_skip rsbtn rs_preserve" style="text-align: right; display:block;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="rsbtn_play" accesskey="L" title="Hlustaðu á þessa síðu lesna af ReadSpeaker webReader" href="//app-eu.readspeaker.com/cgi-bin/rsent?customerid=10303&lang=is_is&voice=is_dora&readid=vv-article-text-area&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D2661"> <span class="rsbtn_left rsimg rspart"><span class="rsbtn_text"><span>Hlusta</span></span></span> <span class="rsbtn_right rsimg rsplay rspart"></span> </a> </div> <a href="http://www.babywatch.biz/pic/celtic.jpg" target="_self"><img src="myndir/keltar_220802.jpg" class=left border=0></a>Áhrif keltnesku á íslensku í upphafi Íslands byggðar eru einkum á sviði tökuorða, mannanafna og örnefna. Merkasta rannsóknin á þessu sviði er verk Helga Guðmundssonar, <i>Um haf innan</i>, sem kom út hjá Háskólaútgáfunni 1997. Undirtitill bókarinnar er <i>Vestrænir menn og íslenzk menning á miðöldum</i>. Á blaðsíðum 127-160 er rætt um gelísk tökuorð í norrænum málum og má þar finna ýmis orð sem enn eru lifandi í málinu, önnur hafa aftur á móti gleymst. Nefna má til dæmis <i>brekán</i> 'ábreiða', <i>des, heydes</i> 'heystakkur', <i>gjalti</i> í orðasambandinu <i>verða að gjalti</i>, sem í nútímamáli merkir 'fara hjá sér, fuglsheitið <i>jaðrakan, kapall</i> 'hestur', <i>kláfur</i> 'hrip, heymeis', <i>fjalaköttur</i> 'músagildra'. <p class="br"></p> <p class="br"></p> Nokkur keltnesk mannanöfn hafa lifað í íslenskum nafnaforða frá landnámsöld, önnur hafa verið endurvakin og sótt til Íslendingasagna. Meðal nafna, sem lifað hafa fram á þennan dag eru <i>Kjartan, Kormákur</i> og <i>Njáll</i> en meðal endurvakinna nafna eru <i>Brjánn, Kalman, Trostan, Eðna, Kaðlín</i> og <i>Melkorka</i>. Eitt þekktasta örnefni af keltneskum toga er fjallsheitið <i>Dímon</i> en það er nafn á hólum og hæðum á nokkrum stöðum á landinu. Það er bæði notað í karlkyni og kvenkyni. Oftast eru hólarnir tveir og þá nefndir <i>Stóri/Stóra, Litli/Litla Dímon</i>. Nafnið hefur oft verið skýrt á þann veg að það sé sett saman úr <i>dí-</i> 'tveir' og <i>muin</i> 'bak, háls', það er tvítyppta fjallið.<p class="br"></p> <p class="br"></p> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 align=center width=400><p class="br"></p> <td height=1 bgcolor=silver></td><p class="br"></p> </table><p class="br"></p> Skoðið einnig svör sama höfundar við spurningunum:<ul> <li><a href="svar.asp?id=1815" target="_self">Hvernig varð íslenskan til?</a></li><li><a href="svar.asp?id=2437" target="_self">Töluðu Danir og Íslendingar einhvern tíma sama tungumálið?</a></li></ul><p class="br"></p> <br><p class="br"></p> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 align=center width=400><p class="br"></p> <td height=1 bgcolor=silver></td><p class="br"></p> </table><p class="br"></p> <br><p class="br"></p> Kort: <a href="http://www.babywatch.biz/namesuk/t/tristram.html" target="_blank">BabyWatch</a> </section> </article> </section> <section class="content-right"> <div id="content-right-wrapper"> <div class="authors"> <h4>Höfundur</h4> <div class="author"><div class="au-img"><img src="/myndir/thumbs/gudrun_kvaran_hofundur_250116_thumb_70w.jpg" alt="Guðrún Kvaran" /></div><div class="au-name"><p><a href="/hofundur/113/gudrun-kvaran/">Guðrún Kvaran</a></p></div><div class="au-pos"><p>prófessor</p></div></div> </div> <div class="publish-date"> <h4>Útgáfudagur</h4> <p>21.8.2002</p> </div> <div class="publisher"> <h4>Spyrjandi</h4> <p>Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson</p> </div> <div class="tags"> <h4>Efnisorð</h4> <ul> <li><a href="/search/?q=m%C3%A1lv%C3%ADsindi">málvísindi</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=keltar">keltar</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=keltneska">keltneska</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=landn%C3%A1m">landnám</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=t%C3%B6kuor%C3%B0">tökuorð</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=mi%C3%B0aldir">miðaldir</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=mannan%C3%B6fn">mannanöfn</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=%C3%B6rnefni">örnefni</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=Kjartan">Kjartan</a></li> <li><a href="/search/?q=D%C3%ADmon">Dímon</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footnote"> <h4>Tilvísun</h4> <p id="citation_chicago" class="citation_displayed"> Guðrún Kvaran. &#8222;Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?&#8220; <i>Vísindavefurinn</i>, 21. ágúst 2002, sótt 28. nóvember 2024, https://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=2661. </p> <p id="citation_apa" class="citation_hidden"> Guðrún Kvaran. (2002, 21. ágúst). <i>Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?</i> Vísindavefurinn. https://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=2661 </p> <p id="citation_mla" class="citation_hidden"> Guðrún Kvaran. &#8222;Er vitað hversu mikil áhrif keltneska hafði á íslensku á landnámstímanum. Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?&#8220; <i>Vísindavefurinn</i>. 21. ágú. 2002. Vefsíða. 28. nóv. 2024. &lt;https://visindavefur.is/svar.php?id=2661&gt;. </p> <p class="box-blue citation-buttons-wrapper"> <a href="#citation_chicago" class="citation-button">Chicago</a> <span class="citation-separator">|</span> <a href="#citation_apa" class="citation-button">APA</a> <span class="citation-separator">|</span> <a href="#citation_mla" class="citation-button">MLA</a> </p> </div> <div class="social-share"> <h4>Deila</h4> <div class="share-buttons"> <a href="/send.php?id=6587" class="share email" title="Senda"><img src="/design/i_vv/icon-email-big.svg?2024e" width="32" height="32" color="#10099f"></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visindavefur.is%2Fsvar.php%3Fid%3D2661" class="share" target="_new"><img src="/design/i_vv/icon-facebook.svg"></a> <a 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Eru til dæmis einhver tökuorð úr keltnesku algeng í daglegu máli?<br /> <a href="http://www.babywatch.biz/pic/celtic.jpg" target="_self"><img src="myndir/keltar_220802.jpg" class=left border=0></a>Áhrif keltnesku á íslensku í upphafi Íslands byggðar eru einkum á sviði tökuorða, mannanafna og örnefna. Merkasta rannsóknin á þessu sviði er verk Helga Guðmundssonar, <i>Um haf innan</i>, sem kom út hjá Háskólaútgáfunni 1997. Undirtitill bókarinnar er <i>Vestrænir menn og íslenzk menning á miðöldum</i>. Á blaðsíðum 127-160 er rætt um gelísk tökuorð í norrænum málum og má þar finna ýmis orð sem enn eru lifandi í málinu, önnur hafa aftur á móti gleymst. Nefna má til dæmis <i>brekán</i> 'ábreiða', <i>des, heydes</i> 'heystakkur', <i>gjalti</i> í orðasambandinu <i>verða að gjalti</i>, sem í nútímamáli merkir 'fara hjá sér, fuglsheitið <i>jaðrakan, kapall</i> 'hestur', <i>kláfur</i> 'hrip, heymeis', <i>fjalaköttur</i> 'músagildra'. <p class="br"></p> <p class="br"></p> Nokkur keltnesk mannanöfn hafa lifað í íslenskum nafnaforða frá landnámsöld, önnur hafa verið endurvakin og sótt til Íslendingasagna. Meðal nafna, sem lifað hafa fram á þennan dag eru <i>Kjartan, Kormákur</i> og <i>Njáll</i> en meðal endurvakinna nafna eru <i>Brjánn, Kalman, Trostan, Eðna, Kaðlín</i> og <i>Melkorka</i>. Eitt þekktasta örnefni af keltneskum toga er fjallsheitið <i>Dímon</i> en það er nafn á hólum og hæðum á nokkrum stöðum á landinu. Það er bæði notað í karlkyni og kvenkyni. Oftast eru hólarnir tveir og þá nefndir <i>Stóri/Stóra, Litli/Litla Dímon</i>. Nafnið hefur oft verið skýrt á þann veg að það sé sett saman úr <i>dí-</i> 'tveir' og <i>muin</i> 'bak, háls', það er tvítyppta fjallið.<p class="br"></p> <p class="br"></p> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 align=center width=400><p class="br"></p> <td height=1 bgcolor=silver></td><p class="br"></p> </table><p class="br"></p> Skoðið einnig svör sama höfundar við spurningunum:<ul> <li><a href="svar.asp?id=1815" target="_self">Hvernig varð íslenskan til?</a></li><li><a href="svar.asp?id=2437" target="_self">Töluðu Danir og Íslendingar einhvern tíma sama tungumálið?</a></li></ul><p class="br"></p> <br><p class="br"></p> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 align=center width=400><p class="br"></p> <td height=1 bgcolor=silver></td><p class="br"></p> </table><p class="br"></p> <br><p class="br"></p> Kort: <a href="http://www.babywatch.biz/namesuk/t/tristram.html" target="_blank">BabyWatch</a>...</p> </div> </div> <div class="md-actions"> <button type="button" value="" class="btn btn-white"><i data-feather="x"></i> Hætta við</button> <button type="submit" value="Senda" class="btn send-button"><i data-feather="check"></i> Senda</button> </div> </form> </div> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js#xfbml=1"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> </body> </html>

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