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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maiden_flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maiden_flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Maiden flight</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maiden_flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Launches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Launch_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Launch history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ariane 1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_1" title="Ариана 1 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ариана 1" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%88_1" title="아리안 1 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아리안 1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_1" title="אריאן 1 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אריאן 1" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane%E2%80%931" title="Ariane–1 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ariane–1" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B31" title="アリアン1 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アリアン1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_1" title="آریان 1 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آریان 1" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD-1" title="Ариан-1 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ариан-1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD-1" title="Аріан-1 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аріан-1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariane_1" title="Ariane 1 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ariane 1" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%891%E8%99%9F%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%89%E7%81%AB%E7%AE%AD" title="亞利安1號運載火箭 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞利安1號運載火箭" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18375#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-No_orbit_for_payload plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Web-browser.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Web-browser.svg/40px-Web-browser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Web-browser.svg/60px-Web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Web-browser.svg/80px-Web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Rocket" title="Rocket">rocket</a> article contains <a href="/wiki/Payload" title="Payload">payload</a> capacity, but <b>does not include <a href="/wiki/Orbital_altitude" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital altitude">orbital altitude</a> or <a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">inclination</a></b>, which greatly affects the capacity.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit">improve this article</a> by adding the orbital altitude and inclination for the given payload.</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><caption class="infobox-title">Ariane 1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg/220px-Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg/330px-Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg/440px-Ariane_1_Le_Bourget_FRA_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="3471" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ariane 1 mock-up at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Air_et_de_l%27Espace" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace">Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Bourget" title="Le Bourget">Le Bourget</a>, Greater Paris</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Function</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medium_lift_launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium lift launch vehicle">Medium lift launch vehicle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data brand"><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale" title="Aérospatiale">Aérospatiale</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Size</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">50 m (160 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">3.8 m (12 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">207,200 kg (456,800 lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stages</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Capacity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">LEO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">4,850 kilograms (10,690 lb)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddf;">Payload to <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_transfer_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Geosynchronous transfer orbit">GTO</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">1,850 kilograms (4,080 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ccf;">Launch history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total launches</th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Success(es)</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Failure(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">24 December 1979</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last flight</th><td class="infobox-data">22 February 1986</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type of passengers/cargo</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giotto_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto mission">Giotto</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">First stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">4 <a href="/wiki/Viking_(rocket_engine)" title="Viking (rocket engine)">Viking-5</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">2,771.940 kN (623,157 lbf)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">281 s (2.76 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">145 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/UDMH" class="mw-redirect" title="UDMH">UDMH</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Second stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/Viking_(rocket_engine)" title="Viking (rocket engine)">Viking-4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">720.965 kN (162,079 lbf)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">296 s (2.90 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">132 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dinitrogen_tetroxide" title="Dinitrogen tetroxide">N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/UDMH" class="mw-redirect" title="UDMH">UDMH</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Third stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Powered by</th><td class="infobox-data">1 <a href="/wiki/HM7-A" class="mw-redirect" title="HM7-A">HM7-A</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maximum thrust</th><td class="infobox-data">61.674 kN (13,865 lbf)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">Specific impulse</a></th><td class="infobox-data">443 s (4.34 km/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burn time</th><td class="infobox-data">563 seconds</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Propellant</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/LH2" class="mw-redirect" title="LH2">LH<sub>2</sub></a> / <a href="/wiki/LOX" class="mw-redirect" title="LOX">LOX</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18375" class="extiw" title="d:Q18375">edit 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Private_spaceflight" title="Category:Private spaceflight">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Private_spaceflight" title="Private spaceflight">Private spaceflight</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-bottom:0.5em"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center notpageimage" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_(NHQ202204060001).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/220px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/330px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg/440px-NASA%E2%80%99s_SLS_and_SpaceX%E2%80%99s_Falcon_9_at_Launch_Complex_39A_%26_39B_%28NHQ202204060001%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3359" data-file-height="2137" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Active companies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_(American_spaceflight_company)" title="Astra (American spaceflight company)">Astra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axiom_Space" title="Axiom Space">Axiom Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Origin" title="Blue Origin">Blue Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Space_Systems" title="Equatorial Space Systems">Equatorial Space Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace" title="Firefly Aerospace">Firefly Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Galactic Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">i-Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwire" title="Redwire">Redwire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relativity_Space" title="Relativity Space">Relativity Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab" title="Rocket Lab">Rocket Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scaled_Composites" title="Scaled Composites">Scaled Composites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_Corporation" title="Sierra Nevada Corporation">Sierra Nevada Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX" title="SpaceX">SpaceX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spaceship_Company" title="The Spaceship Company">The Spaceship Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Galactic" title="Virgin Galactic">Virgin Galactic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Active vehicles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Energy" title="Galactic Energy">Ceres-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(spacecraft)" title="Cygnus (spacecraft)">Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Dragon_2" title="SpaceX Dragon 2">Dragon 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I-Space_(Chinese_company)#Hyperbola-1" title="I-Space (Chinese company)">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Shepard" title="New Shepard">New Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman_Pegasus" title="Northrop Grumman Pegasus">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Contracts and programs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansari_X_Prize" title="Ansari X Prize">Ansari X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Commercial Crew Development">Commercial Crew Development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Resupply_Services" title="Commercial Resupply Services">Commercial Resupply Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Mars_transportation_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure">SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_reusable_launch_system_development" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceX reusable launch system development">SpaceX reusable launch system development</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaire_space_race" title="Billionaire space race">Billionaire space race</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/16px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/24px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/32px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Private_spaceflight" title="Template talk:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Private_spaceflight" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Private spaceflight"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ariane 1</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[aʁjan<span class="wrap"> </span>œ̃]</a></span>) was the first rocket in the <a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane family</a> of <a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">expendable launch systems</a>. It was developed for and operated by the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA), which had been formed in 1973, the same year that development of the launcher had commenced. <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale" title="Aérospatiale">Aérospatiale</a> was designated to lead the programme. Ariane 1 was the first launcher to be developed with the primary purpose of sending <a href="/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space#Satellites_and_equipment" title="Commercial use of space">commercial satellites</a> into <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">geosynchronous orbit</a>. Crucially, it was designed with the ability of sending a pair of satellites into orbit on a single launcher, thus reducing costs. </p><p>As the size of satellites grew, Ariane 1 quickly gave way to the more powerful <a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">Ariane 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">Ariane 3</a> launchers, which were heavily based upon the original rocket.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">Ariane 4</a> was the last rocket to heavily draw upon the Ariane 1, as the successor rocket <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a> uses a far greater proportion of all-new elements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1975, ten European countries decided to pursue joint collaboration in the field of space exploration and formed a new pan-national organisation to undertake this mission, the <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> (ESA).<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_161_162_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_161_162-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For some time prior to the ESA's formation, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> had been lobbying for the development of a new European <a href="/wiki/Expendable_launch_system" title="Expendable launch system">expendable launch system</a> to serve as a replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a> rocket; one proposed successor in the form of a refined Europa, referred to as the <i>Europa IIIB</i>, was studied but was found to be too ambitious and costly.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_161_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_161-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the Europa IIIB proposal was scaled back and soon reemerged as the <i>L3S</i>. Multinational effort became a quick focus point for the L3S proposal; early on, emphasis was placed upon cooperation on the initiative between <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> and France, while increasing contribution from other countries also came into the picture over time.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_161_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_161-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 1973, <a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Willy Brandt</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor of Germany</a>, formally agreed to the L3S project following a series of personal approaches by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a>, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_161_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_161-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 21 September 1973, the legal agreement for the L3S, was signed. Under this agreement, the Europa III was formally cancelled, while the L3S would be developed as a multinational project. From the onset, the launcher was to be developed for the purpose of sending <a href="/wiki/Commercial_use_of_space#Satellites_and_equipment" title="Commercial use of space">commercial satellites</a> into <a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit" title="Geosynchronous orbit">geosynchronous orbit</a>, unlike many other competing launchers, which had been typically developed for other purposes and subsequently adapted, such as <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_161_166_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_161_166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of L3S was seen as a crucial test for the ESA, the fortunes of the former being viewed as being highly indicative for the future of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_162_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_162-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to author Brian Harvey, L3S was "one of the major European engineering projects in the last quarter of the century".<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_165_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France was the largest stakeholder in the L3S programme; French <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">aerospace manufacturer</a> Aérospatiale served as the <a href="/wiki/General_contractor" title="General contractor">prime contractor</a> and held responsibility for performing the integration of all sections of the vehicle, while French engine manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Snecma" class="mw-redirect" title="Snecma">Société Européenne de Propulsion</a> (SEP) provided both the first and second stage engines (the third stage engines were produced by <a href="/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide">Air Liquide</a> and German aerospace manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt-B%C3%B6lkow-Blohm" title="Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm">MBB</a>). Other major companies involved included the French electronics firm <a href="/wiki/Matra" title="Matra">Matra</a>, Swedish manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Volvo" title="Volvo">Volvo</a>, and German aircraft producer <a href="/wiki/Dornier_Flugzeugwerke" title="Dornier Flugzeugwerke">Dornier Flugzeugwerke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_166_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_166-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, which held a stake of 2.47 per cent in the project, provided the guidance system, developed by <a href="/wiki/Ferranti" title="Ferranti">Ferranti</a>, and the central digital computer, from <a href="/wiki/Marconi" class="mw-redirect" title="Marconi">Marconi</a>; <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> had later involvement and workshare as well. Early on, it was felt that the L3S designation lacked public appeal; out of several alternative names, including <i>Phoenix</i>, <i>Lyra</i>, <i>Ganymede</i> and <i>Vega</i>, French minister of industrial and scientific development <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charbonnel" title="Jean Charbonnel">Jean Charbonnel</a> chose the name <i>Ariane</i> for the new launcher.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_166_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_166-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preparation">Preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During mid-1974, work on the Ariane was temporarily suspended as a result of the substantial cost involved; several other French space projects has incurred delays or funding shortages due to the ongoing development, which had led to disruption and greater funding being made available by the French government to their national space agency, the <a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">Centre national d'études spatiales</a> (CNES).<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_165_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_165-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Development of the third stage was a major focus point for the project - prior to Ariane, only the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> had ever flown a launcher that utilised <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>-powered upper stages. During 1977 and 1978, preparations and testing commenced in anticipation of the first Ariane launch; while some issues were encountered during ground tests and engine firings, these had resulted in no meaningful delays and these milestones had been successfully passed.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_165_166_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_165_166-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ESA decided that there should be a total of four development flights flown prior to initiating commercial operations; however, vacant space was made available to operators for these flights on the proviso that success was not guaranteed.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_166_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_166-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to accommodate Ariane launches, the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> received extensive modifications.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former Europa launch site was re-designated as <i>ELA 1</i> (<i>Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 1</i>) and was rebuilt with a lowered base and elongated tower. While all Ariane launches would take place from French Guiana, rocket construction would be performed at Aérospatiale's facility in <a href="/wiki/Les_Mureaux" title="Les Mureaux">Les Mureaux</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to deliver the rocket from the production facility to the launch site, each stage of the Ariane would be shipped on <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barges</a> down the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a>, where they would be loaded onto an ocean-going vessel and be conveyed across the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>; a combination of <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">roads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railways</a> would transport the components inland to the space center itself. Once fully assembled, the rocket would be moved a short distance to the launch pad itself on a mobile rail-mounted platform and stored within a fully enclosed <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioned</a> service tower, where the payload would be installed and final checks performed under <a href="/wiki/Clean_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean room">clean room</a> conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to Ariane's first launch, there was some scepticism, much coming from American and British figures, that the endeavour was an expensive indulgence that could be unnecessary, and rendered uncompetitive, by the upcoming <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a>, a partially <a href="/wiki/Reusable_launch_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Reusable launch system">reusable launch system</a> that was then under development by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1977, there had only been three initial customers lined up for Ariane; however, in December 1977, communications satellite operator <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> was persuaded to placed an order for two <a href="/wiki/List_of_Intelsat_satellites" title="List of Intelsat satellites">Intelsat IVs</a> to be launched using Ariane. This was considered a major coup for the programme as Intelsat was viewed as heavily committed to using the rival Space Shuttle launcher for a large number of its satellites at that point.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_169_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167_169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One week later, ESA announced its commitment to a production run of 10 Ariane 1 launchers.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maiden_flight">Maiden flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Maiden flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There was considerable pressure for Ariane to perform its <a href="/wiki/Maiden_flight" title="Maiden flight">maiden flight</a> prior to end of 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was decided that Ariane should launch on 15 December 1979 and, 38 hours prior the launch, the countdown was initiated; however, a technical issue was encountered in the final hour which led to an abort. Despite fears that the launch would have to be delayed for a month, it was decided to resume the countdown for a second attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, upon the countdown reaching zero, three seconds following engine ignition, the onboard computer decided to cut engine power due to erroneous sensor information indicating that engine pressure had been falling. Another attempt was quickly scheduled for 24 December 1979; this time, the launch was successfully executed and the first Ariane flight was performed, the firing button having been personally pressed by French President <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the first flight, designated as <i>L-O1</i> (Lancement [Launch] 01), the payload consisted of an <a href="/wiki/Aeritalia" title="Aeritalia">Aeritalia</a>-built test instrumentation system, known as CAT (Capsule Ariane Technologique), for the purpose of measuring all key stages of the ascent in great detail, such as noise, stress, acceleration, temperature, and pressure; this unit was also designed to simulate a real satellite payload.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_167_169_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_167_169-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CAT was successfully placed into an orbit of 202 by 35,753 km (126 by 22,216 mi); the successful deployment of this payload indicated the end of the American <a href="/wiki/Monopoly" title="Monopoly">monopoly</a> on commercial satellite launches. On 26 March 1980, almost immediately after the success of LO-1, CNES and ESA created a new company for the purpose of promoting, marketing, and managing Ariane operations, choosing to name the venture <a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With lift-off mass of 210,000 kg (460,000 lb), Ariane 1 was able to put in <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">geostationary transfer orbit</a> one <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> or two smaller of a maximal weight of 1,850 kg (4,080 lb). The cost of program is estimated at 2 billion euros. </p><p>The Ariane 1 was a four-stage vehicle (fourth stage put satellite from GTO to GEO is usually not counted as part of rocket, because it is included in 1,850 kg of payload). The first stage was equipped with 4 Viking engines developed by the <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_Europ%C3%A9enne_de_Propulsion" class="mw-redirect" title="Société Européenne de Propulsion">Société Européenne de Propulsion</a>. The second stage had a single Viking engine. The third stage had one <a href="/wiki/LOX" class="mw-redirect" title="LOX">LOX</a>/<a href="/wiki/LH2" class="mw-redirect" title="LH2">LH2</a> <a href="/wiki/Bipropellant_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipropellant rocket">bipropellant engine</a> capable of a <a href="/wiki/Thrust" title="Thrust">thrust</a> of 7,000 kgf (69 kN; 15,000 lbf). </p><p>This design was kept in the Ariane series until <a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">Ariane 4</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launches">Launches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Launches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 24 December 1979, the first Ariane launch, designated as <i>L-O1</i>, was conducted, which was successful.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1980, the second launch, <i>L-O2</i> ended in a failure shortly after takeoff, which had been caused by a combustion instability that had occurred in one of the Viking first stage engines.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_170_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_170-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The third launch, <i>L-O3</i> succeeded, which resulted in the orbiting of three separate satellites; the fourth and last qualification launch, <i>L-04</i>, was also a success. However, during the fifth launch, which was the first commercial mission to be performed by Ariane, designated as <i>L5</i>, the rocket ceased functioning after 7 minutes of flight. This failure was traced back to a single turbopump in the third stage that had stopped functioning, and a significant re-design of elements of the third stage was performed as a result.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_171_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_171-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The failure of the first commercial flight had created a tense atmosphere along with a flurry of criticism being aired about the Ariane programme.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_171_172_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_171_172-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the completion of a complete review of the programme, on 16 June 1983, the second commercial flight, <i>L6</i> was successfully launched into orbit. This began a run of successful flight for the launcher, the following six flights were all successes.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_172_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_172-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result of the repeated successes, orders for the type increased quickly; by early 1984, a total of 27 satellites had been booked for Ariane, which was half of the world market at that time. As a result of the commercial success, after the tenth Ariane mission was flown, the ESA transferred responsibility for Ariane over to Arianespace.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_172_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_172-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Giotto_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto mission">Giotto mission</a>'s spaceprobe was successfully launched on the tenth Ariane 1 mission, <i>V-14</i>, on 2 July 1985. The first <a href="/wiki/SPOT_(satellites)" class="mw-redirect" title="SPOT (satellites)">SPOT</a> satellite was put into <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbit</a> by the eleventh and last launch of Ariane 1 on 22 February 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early 1986, the Ariane 1, along with its <a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">Ariane 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">Ariane 3</a> derivatives, were the dominant launcher on the world market.<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_172_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_172-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Launch_history">Launch history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Launch history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th># </th> <th>Flight </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Launch Pad </th> <th>Payload </th> <th>Outcome </th> <th>Reference </th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>L-01 </td> <td>24 December 1979 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAT-1" title="CAT-1">CAT-1</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>First flight<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_169_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>L-02 </td> <td>23 May 1980 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Firewheel_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firewheel (satellite) (page does not exist)">Firewheel Subsat-1,2,3,4</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amsat_P3A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amsat P3A (page does not exist)">Amsat P3A</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CAT_2_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAT 2 (satellite) (page does not exist)">CAT 2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-failure">Failure </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Combustion instability in one of the Viking first stage engines<sup id="cite_ref-harvey_170_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey_170-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>L-03 </td> <td>19 June 1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meteosat" title="Meteosat">Meteosat 2</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment" title="Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment">APPLE</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CAT_3_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAT 3 (satellite) (page does not exist)">CAT 3</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>L-04 </td> <td>20 December 1981 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=MARECS_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MARECS 1 (page does not exist)">MARECS 1</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CAT_4_(satellite)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CAT 4 (satellite) (page does not exist)">CAT 4</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>L-5 </td> <td>9 September 1982 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=MARECS_B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MARECS B (page does not exist)">MARECS B</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sirio_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sirio 2 (page does not exist)">Sirio 2</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFC7C7; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-failure">Failure </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>First commercial launch <br /> The rocket ceased functioning after 7 minutes of flight due to a turbopump failure in the third stage </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>L-6 </td> <td>16 June 1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ECS_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ECS 1 (page does not exist)">ECS 1</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amsat_P3B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amsat P3B (page does not exist)">Amsat P3B</a> (Oscar 10) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>L-7 </td> <td>19 October 1983 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_507&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 507 (page does not exist)">Intelsat 507</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>L-8 </td> <td>5 March 1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Intelsat_508&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intelsat 508 (page does not exist)">Intelsat 508</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>V-9 </td> <td>23 May 1984 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spacenet_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spacenet 1 (page does not exist)">Spacenet 1</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>V-14 </td> <td>2 July 1985 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Giotto_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto mission">Giotto</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>V-16 </td> <td>22 February 1986 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SPOT_(satellites)" class="mw-redirect" title="SPOT (satellites)">SPOT 1</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Viking_(satellite)" title="Viking (satellite)">Viking</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-success">Success </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Last flight </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120906032916/http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Launchers_Home/SEMN2E67ESD_0.html">"Ariane 1,2,3"</a>. <i>Ariane 1</i>. <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>. 2004-05-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaMI/Launchers_Home/SEMN2E67ESD_0.html">the original</a> on 2012-09-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ariane+1&rft.atitle=Ariane+1%2C2%2C3&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FesaMI%2FLaunchers_Home%2FSEMN2E67ESD_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAriane+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_161_162-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_161_162_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, pp. 161-162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_161-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_161_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_161_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_161_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_161_166-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_161_166_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, pp. 161, 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_162-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_162_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_165-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_165_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_165_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_166-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_166_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_166_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_166_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_165_166-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_165_166_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, pp. 165-166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_167-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_167_169-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_169_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_167_169_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, pp. 167, 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_169-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_169_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228093830/http://astronautix.com/a/ariane.html">"Ariane rocket family"</a>. <i>Mark Wade</i>. Astronautix. 2004-05-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mark+Wade&rft.atitle=Ariane+rocket+family&rft.date=2004-05-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fa%2Fariane.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAriane+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_170-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_170_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_170_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_171-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_171_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_171_172-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_171_172_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, pp. 171-172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey_172-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_172_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_172_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-harvey_172_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey 2003, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905072601/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/ariane-1.htm">"Launch History"</a>. <i>Ariane 1</i>. Gunter's Space Page. 16 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/ariane-1.htm">the original</a> on 5 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ariane+1&rft.atitle=Launch+History&rft.date=2009-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspace.skyrocket.de%2Fdoc_lau_det%2Fariane-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAriane+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/ariane1.html">"Ariane 1"</a>. <i>www.astronautix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.astronautix.com&rft.atitle=Ariane+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fa%2Fariane1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAriane+1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Harvey, Brian. <i>Europe's Space Programme: To Ariane and Beyond.</i> Springer Science & Business Media, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-8523-3722-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-8523-3722-2">1-8523-3722-2</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariane_1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080907201014/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/ariane.htm">The Ariane rocket family</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ariane_1" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ariane 1">Ariane 1</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ariane_(rocket_family)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ariane" title="Template:Ariane"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ariane" title="Template talk:Ariane"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ariane" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ariane"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ariane_(rocket_family)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane (rocket family)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Next" title="Ariane Next">Ariane Next</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ariane 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">Ariane 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">Ariane 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">Ariane 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ariane_5_(mock-up).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg/80px-Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg/120px-Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg/160px-Ariane_5_%28mock-up%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="1998" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>)</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELA-1" title="ELA-1">ELA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELA-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ELA-2">ELA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELA-3" title="ELA-3">ELA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELA-4" title="ELA-4">ELA-4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestus" title="Aestus">Aestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM7B" title="HM7B">HM7B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P120C" title="P120C">P120C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P160C" title="P160C">P160C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_(rocket_engine)" title="Viking (rocket engine)">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinci_(rocket_engine)" title="Vinci (rocket engine)">Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcain_(rocket_engine)" title="Vulcain (rocket engine)">Vulcain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches" title="List of Ariane launches">List of launches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches_(1979%E2%80%931989)" title="List of Ariane launches (1979–1989)">1979–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="List of Ariane launches (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="List of Ariane launches (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches_(2010%E2%80%932019)" title="List of Ariane launches (2010–2019)">2010–2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ariane_launches_(2020%E2%80%932029)" title="List of Ariane launches (2020–2029)">2020–2029</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA240" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA240">VA240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA241" title="Ariane flight VA241">VA241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA242" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA242">VA242</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA244" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA244">VA244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA243" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA243">VA243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA245" title="Ariane flight VA245">VA245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA246" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA246">VA246</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA247" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA247">VA247</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA248" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA248">VA248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA253" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA253">VA253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA254" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA254">VA254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA255" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane flight VA255">VA255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA256" title="Ariane flight VA256">VA256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_flight_VA262" title="Ariane flight VA262">VA262</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacturing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArianeGroup" title="ArianeGroup">ArianeGroup</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space" title="Airbus Defence and Space">Airbus Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale" title="Aérospatiale">Aérospatiale</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(merged)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran_Aircraft_Engines" title="Safran Aircraft Engines">Safran Aircraft Engines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Gravity" title="Beyond Gravity">Beyond Gravity</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MT_Aerospace" class="extiw" title="de:MT Aerospace">MT Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABCA" title="SABCA">SABCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nammo" title="Nammo">Nammo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_service_provider" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch service provider">Launch provider</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNES" title="CNES">CNES</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Upper_Stage_for_Innovative_Exploration" title="Smart Upper Stage for Innovative Exploration">SUSIE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adeline_(rocket_stage)" title="Adeline (rocket stage)">Adeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5#Ariane_5_ME" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dream_Chaser#Dream_Chaser_for_European_Utilization" title="Dream Chaser">DC4EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)" title="Hermes (spacecraft)">Hermes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Category:Ariane (rocket family)">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ariane_(rocket_family)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ariane (rocket family)">Multimedia</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Orbital_launch_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Template talk:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Orbital_launch_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Orbital launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="List of orbital launch systems">List of orbital launch systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital_launch_systems" title="Comparison of orbital launch systems">Comparison of orbital launch systems</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara-1.2" title="Angara-1.2">1.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angara_A5" title="Angara A5">A5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1" title="Ceres-1">Ceres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres-1_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceres-1 (rocket)">1S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima-1" title="Chollima-1">Chollima-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Block_5" title="Falcon 9 Block 5">Falcon 9 Block 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Alpha" title="Firefly Alpha">Firefly Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity-1" title="Gravity-1">Gravity-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H3_(rocket)" title="H3 (rocket)">H3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-1" title="Hyperbola-1">Hyperbola-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jielong_(rocket_family)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jielong (rocket family) (page does not exist)">Jielong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_1" title="Jielong 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jielong_3" title="Jielong 3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAIROS_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="KAIROS (rocket)">KAIROS</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe_(rocket_family)" title="Kaituozhe (rocket family)">Kaituozhe 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinetica_1" title="Kinetica 1">Kinetica 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 1A">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2C" title="Long March 2C">2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2D" title="Long March 2D">2D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2F" title="Long March 2F">2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3A" title="Long March 3A">3A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B/E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3C" title="Long March 3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4B" title="Long March 4B">4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4C" title="Long March 4C">4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5" title="Long March 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5B" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 5B">5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6A" title="Long March 6A">6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7A" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 7A">7A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_I" title="Minotaur I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_IV" title="Minotaur IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_V" title="Minotaur V">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur-C" title="Minotaur-C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_(rocket)" title="Nuri (rocket)">Nuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS-M1" class="mw-redirect" title="OS-M1">OS-M1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-M" title="Proton-M">Proton-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle">PSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaem_100" title="Qaem 100">Qaem 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qased_(rocket)" title="Qased (rocket)">Qased</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simorgh_(rocket)" title="Simorgh (rocket)">Simorgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2" title="Soyuz-2">Soyuz-2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1a">2.1a / STA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2.1b" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2.1b">2.1b / STB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-2-1v" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-2-1v">2-1v</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Small Satellite Launch Vehicle">SSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceX_Starship" title="SpaceX Starship">Starship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-2" title="Tianlong-2">Tianlong-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unha" title="Unha">Unha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_Centaur" title="Vulcan Centaur">Vulcan Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-2" title="Zhuque-2">2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares 330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloostar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloostar">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclone-4M" title="Cyclone-4M">Cyclone-4M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#DECA_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Deca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)#Epsilon_S" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmour_Space_Technologies#Eris_orbital_rocket" title="Gilmour Space Technologies">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienspace" title="Orienspace">Gravity-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperbola-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperbola-2">Hyperbola-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irtysh_(rocket)" title="Irtysh (rocket)">Irtysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou_31" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuaizhou 31">31</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_9" title="Long March 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_10" title="Long March 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace#MLV" title="Firefly Aerospace">MLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Neutron" title="Rocket Lab Neutron">Neutron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Glenn" title="New Glenn">New Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="New Line 1">New Line 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle" title="Next Generation Launch Vehicle">NGLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Space_Nova" title="Stoke Space Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">OS-M</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneSpace#OS-M_series" title="OneSpace">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbex#Prime" title="Orbex">Orbex Prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas-1" title="Pallas-1">Pallas-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BluShift_Aerospace#Red_Dwarf" title="BluShift Aerospace">Red Dwarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System" title="Space Launch System">SLS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Launch_System#Block_variants" title="Space Launch System">Block 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-7_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-7 (rocket)">Soyuz-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_R" title="Terran R">Terran R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianlong-3" title="Tianlong-3">Tianlong-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLM_(rocket)" title="VLM (rocket)">VLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Vega E">Vega E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Technologies#ZERO_orbital_rocket" title="Interstellar Technologies">Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace#Zhuque-3" title="LandSpace">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuljanah_(rocket)" title="Zuljanah (rocket)">Zuljanah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">130</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">230+</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle">ASLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(rocket_family)" title="Athena (rocket family)">Athena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena_I" title="Athena I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_II" title="Athena II">II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SM-65B_Atlas" title="SM-65B Atlas">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SM-65D_Atlas" title="SM-65D Atlas">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_E/F" title="Atlas E/F">E/F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_G" title="Atlas G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_H" title="Atlas H">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_I" title="Atlas I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_II" title="Atlas II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_III" title="Atlas III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_LV-3B" title="Atlas LV-3B">LV-3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_SLV-3" title="Atlas SLV-3">SLV-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Able" title="Atlas-Able">Able</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Agena" title="Atlas-Agena">Agena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas-Centaur" title="Atlas-Centaur">Centaur</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conestoga_(rocket)" title="Conestoga (rocket)">Conestoga</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delta_A" title="Delta A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_B" title="Delta B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_C" title="Delta C">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_D" title="Delta D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_E" title="Delta E">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_G" title="Delta G">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_J" title="Delta J">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_L" title="Delta L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_M" title="Delta M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_N" title="Delta N">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_0100" title="Delta 0100">0100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_1000" title="Delta 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_2000" title="Delta 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_3000" title="Delta 3000">3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_4000" title="Delta 4000">4000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_5000" title="Delta 5000">5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_II" title="Delta II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_III" title="Delta III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV" title="Delta IV">IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_IV_Heavy" title="Delta IV Heavy">IV Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (rocket)">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnepr_(rocket)" title="Dnepr (rocket)">Dnepr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">I</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">II</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">Falcon 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">Falcon 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.0" title="Falcon 9 v1.0">v1.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_v1.1" title="Falcon 9 v1.1">v1.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9_Full_Thrust" title="Falcon 9 Full Thrust">v1.2 "Full Thrust"</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feng_Bao_1" title="Feng Bao 1">Feng Bao 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geosynchronous_Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle">GSLV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSLV_Mk_I" class="mw-redirect" title="GSLV Mk I">Mk I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-I" title="H-I">H-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_I" title="Juno I">Juno I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_II" title="Juno II">Juno II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaituozhe-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaituozhe-1">Kaituozhe-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-1" title="Kosmos-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-2I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-2I">2/2I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmos-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos-3M" title="Kosmos-3M">3M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(rocket_family)" title="Lambda (rocket family)">Lambda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_4S" title="Lambda 4S">4S</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LauncherOne" title="LauncherOne">LauncherOne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1" title="Long March 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1D" title="Long March 1D">1D</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2A" title="Long March 2A">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2E" title="Long March 2E">2E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3" title="Long March 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3B" title="Long March 3B">3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4A" title="Long March 4A">4A</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M-4S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-4S">4S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3C" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3C">3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3H" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3H">3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3S" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3S">3S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-3SII" class="mw-redirect" title="M-3SII">3SII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-V" title="M-V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-I_(rocket)" title="N-I (rocket)">N-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-II_(rocket)" title="N-II (rocket)">N-II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">Naro-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paektusan_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paektusan (rocket)">Paektusan</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOTS-EV-1_Pilot" title="NOTS-EV-1 Pilot">Pilot-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_(rocket)" title="Luna (rocket)">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)" title="Molniya (rocket)">Molniya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-L" class="mw-redirect" title="Molniya-L">L</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyot_(rocket)" title="Polyot (rocket)">Polyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket)" title="Soyuz (rocket)">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-FG" title="Soyuz-FG">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-L" title="Soyuz-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-M" title="Soyuz-M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U" title="Soyuz-U">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-U2" title="Soyuz-U2">U2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz/Vostok" title="Soyuz/Vostok">Soyuz/Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputnik_(rocket)" title="Sputnik (rocket)">Sputnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_(rocket)" title="Voskhod (rocket)">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-L" title="Vostok-L">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-K" title="Vostok-K">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2_(rocket)" title="Vostok-2 (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok-2M" title="Vostok-2M">2M</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-29_Vysota" title="R-29 Vysota">R-29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shtil%27" title="Shtil'">Shtil'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volna" title="Volna">Volna</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astra_Rocket" title="Astra Rocket">Rocket 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS1_(rocket)" title="RS1 (rocket)">RS1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">Safir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">1B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">V</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">Scout</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-1" title="Scout X-1">X-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-90_Blue_Scout_II" title="RM-90 Blue Scout II">Blue Scout II</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2" title="Scout X-2">X-2</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2M" title="Scout X-2M">X-2M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3 (page does not exist)">X-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-3M&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-3M (page does not exist)">X-3M</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_X-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout X-4 (page does not exist)">X-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_X-2B" title="Scout X-2B">X-2B</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_B-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout B-1">B-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_D-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout D-1">D-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_A-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout A-1">A-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scout_E-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scout E-1 (page does not exist)">E-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_F-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout F-1">F-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_G-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Scout G-1">G-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">Shavit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_2" title="Shavit 2">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Launch_Vehicle" title="Satellite Launch Vehicle">SLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPARK_(rocket)" title="SPARK (rocket)">SPARK</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta_(rocket)" title="Sparta (rocket)">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS-520#SS-520-4" class="mw-redirect" title="SS-520">SS-520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start-1" title="Start-1">Start-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terran_1" title="Terran 1">Terran 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Able" title="Thor-Able">Able</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">Ablestar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Ablestar" title="Thor-Ablestar">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Agena" title="Thor-Agena">D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">Burner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Burner" title="Thor-Burner">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor-Delta" title="Thor-Delta">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_DSV-2U" title="Thor DSV-2U">DSV-2U</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">Thorad-Agena</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorad-Agena" title="Thorad-Agena">SLV-2H</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titan_II_GLV" title="Titan II GLV">II GLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIA" title="Titan IIIA">IIIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIB" title="Titan IIIB">IIIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIC" title="Titan IIIC">IIIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIID" title="Titan IIID">IIID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IIIE" title="Titan IIIE">IIIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_34D" title="Titan 34D">34D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_23G" title="Titan 23G">23G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Titan_III" title="Commercial Titan III">CT-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_IV" title="Titan IV">IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36-O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">original</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-2" title="Tsyklon-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon-3" title="Tsyklon-3">3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">UR-500 Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton-K" title="Proton-K">Proton-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokot" title="Rokot">Rokot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strela_(rocket)" title="Strela (rocket)">Strela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(rocket)" title="Vanguard (rocket)">Vanguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">original</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VLS-1" title="VLS-1">VLS-1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2" title="Zenit-2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-2M" title="Zenit-2M">2FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SL" title="Zenit-3SL">3SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3SLB" title="Zenit-3SLB">3SLB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit-3F" title="Zenit-3F">3F</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LandSpace" title="LandSpace">Zhuque</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhuque-1" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhuque-1">1</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Small-lift launch vehicle">Small-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Medium-lift launch vehicle">Medium-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Heavy-lift launch vehicle">Heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_heavy-lift_launch_vehicle" title="Super heavy-lift launch vehicle">Super heavy-lift launch vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>This Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_orbital_launch_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_launch_systems" title="Template:European launch systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_launch_systems" title="Template talk:European launch systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_launch_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European launch systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_orbital_launch_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">European <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbital</a> <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_Next" title="Ariane Next">Ariane Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_2_Infinity#Bloostar" title="Zero 2 Infinity">Bloostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)#Haas_2" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas 2b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)#Haas_2CA" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas 2CA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">Miura 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_Next" title="Miura Next">Miura Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/And%C3%B8ya_Space_Center#Orbital_launch_plans" class="mw-redirect" title="Andøya Space Center">North Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Factory_Augsburg_AG#Launch_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket Factory Augsburg AG">RFA One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylon_(spacecraft)" title="Skylon (spacecraft)">Skylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyImpulse" title="HyImpulse">SL1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isar_Aerospace_Spectrum" title="Isar Aerospace Spectrum">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Retired</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_2" title="Ariane 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_3" title="Ariane 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_4" title="Ariane 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Arrow" title="Black Arrow">Black Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (rocket)">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aldebaran_(rocket)" title="Aldebaran (rocket)">Aldebaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li>Ariane M</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capricornio_(rocket)" title="Capricornio (rocket)">Capricornio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haas_(rocket)" title="Haas (rocket)">Haas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOTOL" class="mw-redirect" title="HOTOL">HOTOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_SSTO" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperion SSTO">Hyperion SSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(rocket)" title="Liberty (rocket)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_Fly-back_Booster#Derivatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquid Fly-back Booster">Liquid Fly-back Booster Derivatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Mustard" title="BAC Mustard">BAC Mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTRAG_(rocket)" title="OTRAG (rocket)">OTRAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOAR_(spaceplane)" title="SOAR (spaceplane)">SOAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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