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<span>Design and use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wooden_versus_steel_booms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wooden_versus_steel_booms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Wooden versus steel booms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wooden_versus_steel_booms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bullivant_nets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bullivant_nets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bullivant nets</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bullivant_nets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Torpedo_net_cutter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedonet" title="Torpedonet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Torpedonet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedoschutznetz" title="Torpedoschutznetz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Torpedoschutznetz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_antitorpedo" title="Red antitorpedo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Red antitorpedo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a 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.mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Torpedo+net%22">"Torpedo net"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Torpedo+net%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Torpedo+net%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Torpedo+net%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Torpedo+net%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Torpedo+net%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torpedo_net,_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg/220px-Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg/330px-Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg/440px-Torpedo_net%2C_Scapa_Flow_museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>An example of torpedo netting at the Scapa Flow museum, Orkney</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Torpedo nets</b> were a passive ship defensive device against <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a>. They were in common use from the 1890s until the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. They were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-torpedo_bulge" title="Anti-torpedo bulge">anti-torpedo bulge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_belt" title="Torpedo belt">torpedo belts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Whitehead_torpedo" title="Whitehead torpedo">Whitehead torpedo</a> in 1873, and the subsequent development of the <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_boat" title="Torpedo boat">torpedo boat</a>, new means were sought to protect <a href="/wiki/Capital_ship" title="Capital ship">capital ships</a> against underwater attacks. In 1876 the British Admiralty Torpedo Committee came up with a number of recommendations for combating torpedoes, which included "... nets of galvanised iron hung around each battleship from projecting 40 ft spars".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Experiments were conducted in 1877, with <a href="/wiki/HMS_Thunderer_(1872)" title="HMS Thunderer (1872)">HMS <i>Thunderer</i></a> becoming the first operational ship to be fitted with the nets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_use">Design and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design and use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Hotspur_(1870).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg/220px-HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg/330px-HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg/440px-HMS_Hotspur_%281870%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Hotspur_(1870)" title="HMS Hotspur (1870)">HMS <i>Hotspur</i></a> deploying torpedo nets</figcaption></figure> <p>Torpedo nets could be hung out from the defending ship, when moored or otherwise stationary in the water, on multiple horizontal <a href="/wiki/Boom_(sailing)" title="Boom (sailing)">booms</a>. Each boom was fixed to the ship at one end at or below the edge of the main deck, by a steel pin that permitted the boom to be swung against the ship and secured when the ship sailed. A series of such booms was so fixed at intervals along each side of the ship. When the ship was moored, the free ends of the booms could be swung out with the net hung on the outer ends, thus suspending the net at a distance from the ship equal to the length of the boom, all around the ship. With the net mounted, a torpedo aimed at the ship would hit the mesh net and explode at a sufficient distance from the hull to prevent serious damage to the ship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wooden_versus_steel_booms">Wooden versus steel booms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wooden versus steel booms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early booms were made of wood, originally 10 inches (250 mm) in diameter but increased in the 1880s to 12 inches (300 mm). Each boom weighed 20 to 24 long cwt (1,000 to 1,200 kg) and cost £28 to £30. In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> on 9 April 1888 <a href="/wiki/Edward_Field_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="Edward Field (Royal Navy officer)">Admiral Field</a>, who was MP for <a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Eastbourne (UK Parliament constituency)">Eastbourne</a>, asserted that steel booms designed by William Bullivant were at least 5 long cwt (250 kg) lighter, one-third less expensive and <i>"superior in many other respects"</i>, and asked <a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Hamilton" title="Lord George Hamilton">Lord George Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_First_Lords_of_the_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the First Lords of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a> whether the Committee on Torpedo Net Defence had recommended steel booms and whether the Admiralty would further test them. In reply the First Lord claimed that steel booms doubled up on impact, were more vulnerable to accidental damage, and were harder to repair aboard a ship, whereas wooden ones were easier to replace. His Lordship further stated that the steel booms that the Committee favoured were of a different type from those designed by Bullivant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 21 June 1888 three <a href="/wiki/Her_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Her Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition (United Kingdom)">Opposition</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal</a> MPs questioned the First Lord on whether wooden booms were the best choice for either effectiveness or cost. Admiral Field claimed that the Admiralty Torpedo Committee and Dockyard officials preferred steel booms as they weighed less than 10 long cwt (510 kg) and cost £20 to £22. Field alleged that in experiments since September 1886 wooden booms <i>"invariably failed"</i> and that steel booms were lighter and more effective. In reply the First Lord claimed that in five experiments, wooden booms had worked on all but one occasion and that steel booms would be more expensive. When questioned by <a href="/wiki/James_Allanson_Picton" title="James Allanson Picton">James Picton</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Leicester_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Leicester (UK Parliament constituency)">Leicester</a>, the First Lord agreed that wooden beams were heavier. Then <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Brunner,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Brunner, 1st Baronet">John Brunner</a>, MP for <a href="/wiki/Northwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northwich (UK Parliament constituency)">Northwich</a>, asked who was opposing steel booms, so that Parliament might debate whether to dismiss them. The First Lord ended the discussion by retorting that "it was most improper that Questions should be put to him for the purpose of advertising inventions".<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard-18880621_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard-18880621-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bullivant_nets">Bullivant nets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bullivant nets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg/220px-SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg/330px-SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg/440px-SMS_Wei%C3%9Fenburg_Torpedonetz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Stowing torpedo nets on SMS <i>Weissenburg</i> in 1896.</figcaption></figure> <p>About 1875 William Munton Bullivant had taken over the Wire Tramway Co, a manufacturer of wire and steel rope based in <a href="/wiki/Millwall" title="Millwall">Millwall</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and turned it into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bullivant_and_Co&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bullivant and Co (page does not exist)">Bullivant and Co</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company exhibited at trade events including the Naval and Submarine Exhibition of 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bullivant developed not only steel torpedo nets but also steel booms to suspend them from ships. In 1888 Admiral Field and other Liberal MPs offended the First Sea Lord by promoting Bullivant's products in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-Hansard-18880621_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hansard-18880621-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, by the early 20th century, torpedo nets were referred to as "Bullivant type".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were made from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch-diameter (170 mm) steel hoops linked by smaller hoops to form a mesh, with a weight of about one pound per square foot (5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). These nets were projected from the sides of the ship on 40-foot-long (12 m) wooden booms. Extensive tests were conducted, with the nets proving capable of stopping the contemporary 14-inch-diameter (360 mm) torpedo without being damaged. A 16-inch (410 mm) torpedo with a 91-pound (41 kg) warhead proved capable of causing limited damage to the net. A heavier net was introduced in 1894 consisting of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch (64 mm) hoops with a weight of five pounds per square foot (25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Torpedo_net_cutter">Torpedo net cutter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Torpedo net cutter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The adoption of these nets resulted in the introduction of the torpedo net cutter on the nose of torpedoes,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> either in the form of scissors in Japanese designs, or a French pistol-powered version. </p><p>Later heavier, denser nets used by the German and British navies were regarded as "torpedo-proof." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Russo-Japanese_War">Russo-Japanese War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Russo-Japanese War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In spite of fitting the major ships with anti-torpedo nets, and close danger of war, the Russians did not deploy the nets during the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Destroyer" title="Destroyer">destroyer</a> torpedo attack on the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Navy" title="Imperial Russian Navy">Imperial Russian Navy</a> stationed on a roadside of <a href="/wiki/Port_Arthur_naval_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Arthur naval base">Port Arthur</a> on 8 February 1904, which was the opening shots of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalakin200424_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalakin200424-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evstafiy1910s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evstafiy1910s.jpg/220px-Evstafiy1910s.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evstafiy1910s.jpg/330px-Evstafiy1910s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Evstafiy1910s.jpg/440px-Evstafiy1910s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Evstafi" title="Russian battleship Evstafi">Russian battleship <i>Evstafi</i></a> with torpedo nets deployed</figcaption></figure> <p>In other actions later in the war, nets were used effectively by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Sevastopol_(1895)" title="Russian battleship Sevastopol (1895)">Russian battleship <i>Sevastopol</i></a>. At the end of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Port_Arthur" title="Siege of Port Arthur">siege of Port Arthur</a> she was anchored outside the harbor in a position where she was sheltered from the fire of the Japanese batteries but became exposed to persistent attacks from torpedo boats. From 11 to 16 December 1904, <i>Sevastopol</i> was exposed to numerous night attacks. The Japanese deployed 30 torpedo-boats, of which two were lost, and it was estimated that altogether 104 torpedoes were fired against the ship. One torpedo exploded in the nets near the bow and produced a leak in the torpedo room; another damaged the compartment forward of the collision bulkhead, because the nets yielded to such an extent that it exploded near the hull. The last two torpedoes that struck the ship were fired at close range against the unprotected stern: they damaged the rudder and produced a serious leak under the quarterdeck, so that the aft end of the ship sank until it touched the bottom. The leak was repaired, the ship was re-floated and on the last day of the siege she was taken out to deep water and <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttled</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_World_War">First World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg/220px-Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg/330px-Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg/440px-Yamashiro_torpedo_net.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3116" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Testing the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_battleship_Yamashiro" title="Japanese battleship Yamashiro">Japanese battleship <i>Yamashiro</i></a>'s torpedo net at <a href="/wiki/Yokosuka_Naval_Arsenal" title="Yokosuka Naval Arsenal">Yokosuka</a> in 1917</figcaption></figure> <p>The sinking by torpedo of three <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Allied</a> <a href="/wiki/Battleships" class="mw-redirect" title="Battleships">battleships</a> during the 1915 <a href="/wiki/Naval_operations_in_the_Dardanelles_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign">Dardanelles Campaign</a>, all with torpedo nets deployed, demonstrated that the increased speed of newer torpedoes and the tactic of firing several torpedoes at the same location on the target had made the torpedo net ineffective. Torpedo nets were superseded by the <a href="/wiki/Anti-torpedo_bulge" title="Anti-torpedo bulge">anti-torpedo bulge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_belt" title="Torpedo belt">torpedo belts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg/220px-The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg/330px-The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg/440px-The_Royal_Navy_during_the_Second_World_War_A17353.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>Ship with deployed torpedo nets in the Second World War</figcaption></figure> <p>Torpedo nets were revived in the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. In January 1940 the UK <a href="/wiki/British_Admiralty" class="mw-redirect" title="British Admiralty">Admiralty</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liner</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_Arandora_Star" title="SS Arandora Star"><i>Arandora Star</i></a> fitted out with steel booms at <a href="/wiki/Avonmouth" title="Avonmouth">Avonmouth</a> and then ordered her to <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth" title="HMNB Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> where she spent three months testing nets of various mesh sizes in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>. The net successfully caught all the torpedoes fired at them and reduced the ship's speed by only 1 knot (1.9 km/h), but in March 1940 the nets were removed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail41_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail41-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July the unprotected <i>Arandora Star</i> was sunk by a torpedo, killing 805 people. </p><p>Booms and nets were fitted to a few ships in August 1941, and by the end of the Second World War they had been fitted to 700 ships. The nets did not protect the whole of a ship but protected from 60 to 75 percent of each side. Twenty-one ships so equipped were subject to torpedo attacks while the nets were deployed. Fifteen ships survived as the nets succeeded in protecting them. The other six were sunk because a torpedo either penetrated a net or hit an unprotected part of a ship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail41_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail41-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nets protected ships at anchor, especially as obstacles against submarines, <a href="/wiki/Human_torpedo" title="Human torpedo">human torpedoes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-frogman_techniques" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-frogman techniques">frogmen</a>. They were also used to protect <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> and led to the development of <a href="/wiki/Bouncing_bomb" title="Bouncing bomb">bouncing bombs</a> to defeat them, as in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Chastise" title="Operation Chastise">Operation Chastise</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Net_cutter_(submarine)" title="Net cutter (submarine)">Net cutter (submarine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_cutter_(fisheries_patrol)" title="Net cutter (fisheries patrol)">Net cutter (fisheries patrol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_laying_ship" title="Net laying ship">Net laying ship</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/n/notes-on-anti-submarine-defenses-oni-publication-no-8.html">Anti-submarine defenses</a><i>US Navy</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRussell2002" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Phil (29 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwpda.org/naval/nets.htm">"Anti-Torpedo Nets"</a>. The World War I Document Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-Torpedo+Nets&rft.pub=The+World+War+I+Document+Archive&rft.date=2002-08-29&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwpda.org%2Fnaval%2Fnets.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1888/apr/09/admiralty-torpedo-net-defence-committee">"ADMIRALTY—TORPEDO NET DEFENCE COMMITTEE—STEEL BOOMS."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: House of Commons. 9 April 1888. col. 709–710.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ADMIRALTY%E2%80%94TORPEDO+NET+DEFENCE+COMMITTEE%E2%80%94STEEL+BOOMS.&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=col.-709-710&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1888-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1888%2Fapr%2F09%2Fadmiralty-torpedo-net-defence-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansard-18880621-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard-18880621_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansard-18880621_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1888/jun/21/admiralty-torpedo-net-defence-committee">"ADMIRALTY—TORPEDO NET DEFENCE COMMITTEE—EXPERIMENTS."</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>. United Kingdom: House of Commons. 21 June 1888. col. 818–819.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ADMIRALTY%E2%80%94TORPEDO+NET+DEFENCE+COMMITTEE%E2%80%94EXPERIMENTS.&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=col.-818-819&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft.date=1888-06-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fcommons%2F1888%2Fjun%2F21%2Fadmiralty-torpedo-net-defence-committee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/William_Munton_Bullivant">"William Munton Bullivant"</a>. <i>Grace's Guide: British Industrial History</i>. Bullivants. 10 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grace%27s+Guide%3A+British+Industrial+History&rft.atitle=William+Munton+Bullivant&rft.date=2012-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gracesguide.co.uk%2FWilliam_Munton_Bullivant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bullivants.com/company-profile/our-history">"The History of Bullivants in Australia"</a>. Bullivants Pty Ltd<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bullivants+in+Australia&rft.pub=Bullivants+Pty+Ltd&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bullivants.com%2Fcompany-profile%2Four-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Bullivant_and_Co">"Bullivant and Co"</a>. <i>Grace's Guide: British Industrial History</i>. Bullivants. 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grace%27s+Guide%3A+British+Industrial+History&rft.atitle=Bullivant+and+Co&rft.date=2014-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gracesguide.co.uk%2FBullivant_and_Co&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the 1914 edition of <i>Jane's Fighting Ships</i>, the technical notes for numerous classes of warships include the notation, "Bullivant net protection".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1914/12/03/archives/navy-has-a-net-cutter-new-invention-pierces-guard-of-ships-against.html">"Navy Has A Net Cutter.; New Invention Pierces Guard of Ships Against Torpedoes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 3 December 1914<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Navy+Has+A+Net+Cutter.%3B+New+Invention+Pierces+Guard+of+Ships+Against+Torpedoes&rft.date=1914-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1914%2F12%2F03%2Farchives%2Fnavy-has-a-net-cutter-new-invention-pierces-guard-of-ships-against.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalakin200424-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBalakin200424_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBalakin2004">Balakin 2004</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETaffrail41-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail41_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaffrail41_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTaffrail">Taffrail</a>, p. 41.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalakin2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Balakin, Sergei (2004). <i>Морские сражения русско-японской войны 1904–1905 [Naval Battles of the Russo-Japanese War]</i> (in Russian). Moscow: Morskaya Kollektsya [Maritime Collection].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%8F%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+1904%E2%80%931905+%5BNaval+Battles+of+the+Russo-Japanese+War%5D&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Morskaya+Kollektsya+%5BMaritime+Collection%5D&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Balakin&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaffrail" class="citation book cs1">"Taffrail" (Henry Taprell Dorling) (1973). <i>Blue Star Line at War, 1939–45</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/W._Foulsham_%26_Company_Limited" title="W. Foulsham & Company Limited">W. Foulsham & Co</a>. pp. 40–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-572-00849-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-572-00849-X"><bdi>0-572-00849-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blue+Star+Line+at+War%2C+1939%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pages=40-41&rft.pub=W.+Foulsham+%26+Co&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-572-00849-X&rft.au=%22Taffrail%22+%28Henry+Taprell+Dorling%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATorpedo+net" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gwpda.org/naval/nets.htm">Torpedo net article at The World War I document Archive</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&oldid=1258181394">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torpedo_net&oldid=1258181394</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_inventions" title="Category:British inventions">British inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nets_(devices)" title="Category:Nets (devices)">Nets (devices)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Torpedoes" title="Category:Torpedoes">Torpedoes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Category:Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-submarine warfare</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2011" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2011">Articles needing additional references from October 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 15:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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