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<li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ألكسندرا بافلوفنا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ألكسندرا بافلوفنا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Александра Павловна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Александра Павловна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Alexandra de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alexandra de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna_Rusk%C3%A1" title="Alexandra Pavlovna Ruská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna Ruská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna_o_Rwsia" title="Alexandra Pavlovna o Rwsia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna o Rwsia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna_af_Rusland" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna af Rusland – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna af Rusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pawlowna_Romanowa" title="Alexandra Pawlowna Romanowa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alexandra Pawlowna Romanowa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B7_%CE%94%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BE%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1_%CE%A0%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BD%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Μεγάλη Δούκισσα Αλεξάνδρα Πάβλοβνα της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μεγάλη Δούκισσα Αλεξάνδρα Πάβλοβνα της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandra_P%C3%A1vlovna_Rom%C3%A1nova" title="Alejandra Pávlovna Románova – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alejandra Pávlovna Románova" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna_de_Russie" title="Alexandra Pavlovna de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EB%A0%89%EC%82%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%ED%8C%8C%EB%B8%94%EB%A1%9C%EB%B8%8C%EB%82%98_%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%82%A4_%ED%99%A9%EB%85%80" title="알렉산드라 파블로브나 라시스키 황녀 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알렉산드라 파블로브나 라시스키 황녀" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna_Romanova" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%94,_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="אלכסנדרה פבלובנה, הנסיכה הגדולה של רוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלכסנדרה פבלובנה, הנסיכה הגדולה של רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ალექსანდრა პავლეს ასული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალექსანდრა პავლეს ასული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekszandra_Pavlovna_Romanova_magyar_n%C3%A1dorn%C3%A9" title="Alekszandra Pavlovna Romanova magyar nádorné – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alekszandra Pavlovna Romanova magyar nádorné" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%82%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D9%86%D8%A7_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الدوقه الكبرى الكسندرا بافلوفنا من روسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الدوقه الكبرى الكسندرا بافلوفنا من روسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Paulowna_van_Rusland" title="Alexandra Paulowna van Rusland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alexandra Paulowna van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%91%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B4%E3%83%8A" title="アレクサンドラ・パヴロヴナ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アレクサンドラ・パヴロヴナ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna_Romanova" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya_Buyuk_Gersoginyasi_Alexandra_Pavlovna" title="Rossiya Buyuk Gersoginyasi Alexandra Pavlovna – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya Buyuk Gersoginyasi Alexandra Pavlovna" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Romanowa_(1783%E2%80%931801)" title="Aleksandra Romanowa (1783–1801) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aleksandra Romanowa (1783–1801)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Alexandra Pavlovna da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna_a_Rusiei" title="Alexandra Pavlovna a Rusiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna a Rusiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Александра Павловна – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Александра Павловна" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Александра Павловна – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Александра Павловна" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna_Romanova" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna Romanova" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandra_Pavlovna" title="Alexandra Pavlovna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alexandra Pavlovna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Олександра Павлівна Романова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Олександра Павлівна Романова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandra_Pavlovna_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna của Nga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Aleksandra Pavlovna của Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB%E5%A8%9C%E5%A5%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC" title="亞歷山德拉·巴甫洛夫娜女大公 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亞歷山德拉·巴甫洛夫娜女大公" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233471#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Grand Duchess of Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this name that follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavic_naming_customs" title="Eastern Slavic naming customs">Eastern Slavic naming customs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patronymic" title="Patronymic">patronymic</a> is <i> Pavlovna</i>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/Archduke" title="Archduke">Archduchess of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Palatina of Hungary</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_(1790s,_GTG).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg/220px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg/330px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg/440px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_by_Borovikovsky_%281790s%2C_GTG%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1625" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Borovikovsky" title="Vladimir Borovikovsky">Vladimir Borovikovsky</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1795</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1799</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1783-08-09</span>)</span>9 August 1783<br /><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Palace" title="Catherine Palace">Catherine Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 March 1801<span style="display:none">(1801-03-16)</span> (aged 17)<br /><a href="/wiki/Buda" title="Buda">Buda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph,_Palatine_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary">Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1799)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Archduchess Alexandrina Paulina</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov">Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg">Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Александра Павловна</span>: 9 August [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 29 July] 1783 – 16 March [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 4 March] 1801) was a daughter of Emperor <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a> and sister of emperors <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia" title="Nicholas I of Russia">Nicholas I</a>. She married Archduke <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph,_Palatine_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary">Joseph of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Palatine of Hungary</a>. Her marriage was the only <a href="/wiki/Romanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanov">Romanov</a>-<a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> marital alliance to date. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Birth">Birth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Birth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna was born in <a href="/wiki/Tsarskoye_Selo" title="Tsarskoye Selo">Tsarskoye Selo</a> as the third child and eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tsesarevich" title="Tsesarevich">Tsesarevich</a> <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul</a> and his second wife <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg">Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg</a> (renamed Maria Feodorovna after her wedding). The gender of the child disappointed her paternal grandmother, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a>. She wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>A third child was born and was a girl, which was named Alexandra in honor of her older brother. To tell the truth, I infinitely more like boys than girls.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The Empress' secretary Alexander Khrapovitsky wrote that the Empress considered the newborn Grand Duchess Alexandra very ugly, especially compared with her older brothers.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The comparison with her younger sister <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia">Elena</a>, was also unfavorable to her: the Empress noted that the six-month-old Elena was much smarter and more charming than the two-year Alexandra.<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, as a gift for the birth of Alexandra, Catherine II gave her son <a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Gatchina Palace</a>. </p><p>Gradually the Empress started to have better feelings about her granddaughter. On 12 March 1787, she wrote to her: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Alexandra Pavlovna, I'm always pleased that you're clever, don't cry and was always funny; you're smart, and I'm happy with that. Thank you, that you love me, I'll love you.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In turn, Alexandra was particularly attached to her grandmother. Catherine II noted: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>She loves me more than anyone in the world, and I think she's ready for anything just to please me, or at least for had my attention even for a moment.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/200px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/300px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/400px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><i>Grand Duchesses Alexandra and Elena Pavlovna</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun">Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun</a>, ca. 1795–1797.</figcaption></figure> <p>She received the usual education of Russian princesses and was taught French and German as well as music and drawing. Alexandra was very close to her younger sister <a href="/wiki/Elena_Pavlovna" class="mw-redirect" title="Elena Pavlovna">Elena</a>, and they were often painted together. </p><p>Alexandra's upbringing, as well as her sisters, was entrusted to <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_von_Lieven" title="Charlotte von Lieven">Charlotte von Lieven</a>, who acted as Governess. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_(1790s,_Gatchina).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_%281790s%2C_Gatchina%29.jpg/200px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_%281790s%2C_Gatchina%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_%281790s%2C_Gatchina%29.jpg/300px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_%281790s%2C_Gatchina%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_in_Russian_dress_by_anonim_%281790s%2C_Gatchina%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A little Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna dressed in <a href="/wiki/Kokoshnik" title="Kokoshnik">kokoshnik</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarafan" title="Sarafan">sarafan</a>, 1790s.</figcaption></figure> <p>The older Grand Duchess was a very diligent student. In 1787, her mother proudly wrote about her four-year-old daughter, that "she continues to be diligent, making notable advances and begins to translate from German".<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alexandra was fascinated by drawing and "I think she has a great talent in this art",<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the music and singing, and "in these arts has found remarkable abilities".<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1790, in her letter to the <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Melchior,_Baron_von_Grimm" title="Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm">Baron von Grimm</a>, Catherine II gave a description of her granddaughter: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The third is a portrait of Grand Duchess Alexandra. During her first six years of life, I didn't find any special on her, but since a year and a half ago, suddenly she made a surprising change: she became more prettier and took a posture that seems older than her years. She speaks four languages, had a good writing and drawing, playing with the harpsichord, singing, dancing, learning easily and show a great gentleness of character.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gustav_IV">Gustav IV</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gustav IV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1794, the Empress began to think about the future of the Grand Duchess. Alexandra Pavlovna was eleven years old, and "that summer a girl should be considered an adult."<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the letters of those years Catherine II expresses the idea of bringing to Russia "landless princes", who after marrying her granddaughters would get the position and means for life in their new homeland.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It is time for the older one to get married. She and the other sister, beautiful. They are all good, and all find them charming. Bridegrooms will have to look for them in the afternoon with fire. Ugly we do not need, fools – also; but poverty – not a vice. Well they must have body and soul.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>But the fate of Alexandra turned out differently. In 1792, news arrived at the Russian court regarding the murder of King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_III_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav III of Sweden">Gustav III of Sweden</a> (who was the Empress' first-cousin) and the accession to the throne of his 14-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf" title="Gustav IV Adolf">Gustav IV Adolf</a>. Reportedly, the desire of the late Swedish monarch was to make an alliance with the Russian Imperial family by marrying his only son to one of the granddaughters of the Empress; however, according to another version, the idea of marriage belonged to the Empress, and even became one of the secret conditions of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_V%C3%A4r%C3%A4l%C3%A4" title="Treaty of Värälä">Treaty of Värälä</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of this alliance was supported by the Swedish regent, the new King's uncle <a href="/wiki/Charles_XIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles XIII of Sweden">Charles, Duke of Södermanland</a>. </p><p>In October 1793, on the occasion of the marriage of the Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander Pavlovich</a> with <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexeievna_(Louise_of_Baden)" title="Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)">Princess Louise of Baden</a>, Count Stenbock arrived in St. Petersburg with congratulations from the Swedish court, and started the official talks about marriage. Alexandra began to learn the Swedish language, as well as to prepare to think about her future husband. </p><p>Negotiations went with varying success. In January 1794, Catherine II wrote to her first-cousin, the Duke of Södermanland: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As with politics, and with a family point of view, I always looked up and now look at this alliance as the most desirable in all respects.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>But on two issues the parties could not reach an agreement: The religion of the future Queen and the fate of Count <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Mauritz_Armfelt" title="Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt">Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt</a>, member of the conspiracy against the Swedish regent, who took refuge in Russia. In retaliation, the regent began to negotiate a marriage between Gustav IV Adolf and <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>. Pretending to ignore the machinations of the Swedish regent, the Empress wrote in April 1795 to Baron von Grimm: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The girl can wait patiently for my decision of her fate until the adulthood of the King, as she is only eleven years old. If the matter is not settled, it may be comforted, because that will be the loser, who marries another. I can safely say that it is difficult to find an equal to her beauty, talent and kindness, not to mention the dowry, which for a poor Swedish itself is the subject of importance. In addition, this marriage would strengthen the world for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 1 November 1795 the Swedish court officially announced the engagement between Gustav IV Adolf and <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Louise_Charlotte_of_Mecklenburg-Schwerin" title="Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin">Duchess Louise Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a>, and the official church prayer in Sweden the intended bride began to be mentioned. Catherine II stood to protect her granddaughter: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Let the regent hate me, let him look for an opportunity and deceive me – good luck! – But why does he marry the King with that plain and ugly girl? How did the King deserve such cruel punishment, while he was thinking to marry the Grand Duchess, whose beauty is talked about by everyone with one voice?<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>But the Empress was not limited to just words: she refused to accept the ambassador who came with the message of the engagement's announcement. Count <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Suvorov" title="Alexander Suvorov">Alexander Suvorov</a> was sent to the Swedish border for "exploring the castles", and in Stockholm Major General Count <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Budberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrei Budberg">Andrei Budberg</a> was instructed to prevent the marriage. While the Swedish court was waiting for the arrival of the bride, the King suddenly changed his mind and broke off the engagement. In April 1796, talks about the "Russian marriage" were resumed by Catherine II, who invited Gustav IV Adolf to visit her in St. Petersburg. </p><p>Gustav IV Adolf and his uncle the Duke of Södermanland arrived incognito under for a meeting with the bride. A series of brilliant parties were arranged in their honor. The Swedish sovereign and Alexandra fell in love at first sight. The passion of Gustav IV Adolf for the Grand Duchess was evident: he danced with her constantly and had intimate conversations with her. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Everyone notices that His Majesty is only dancing with Alexandra, and that their conversations are not interrupted... I think my girl doesn't feel aversion for the aforementioned young man; she no longer has a confused look and talks freely with her partner.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>On 25 August 1796, Gustav IV Adolf asked the Empress for permission to marry the Grand Duchess. The negotiations with Sweden were led by Counts <a href="/wiki/Platon_Zubov" title="Platon Zubov">Platon Zubov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arkady_Morkov" title="Arkady Morkov">Arkady Morkov</a>. However, they were concerned with the question of the faith of the future Queen. The procurator-general <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Samoylov" title="Alexander Samoylov">Alexander Samoylov</a> wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>They said that as honest men they are obliged to announce to me that Sweden's laws require that the Queen profess the same religion of the King.</p></blockquote> <p>Only on 2 September Gustav IV Adolf agreed that Alexandra would keep her <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a> faith. Four days later, on 6 September, the Swedish embassy formally requested the hand of the Grand Duchess. The groom and the bride's father visited some military maneuvers, and poet <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> wrote a "<i>Concert for the engagement of the King of Sweden with Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna</i>". The official engagement was scheduled to take place on 11 September in the Throne Room of the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Palace" title="Winter Palace">Winter Palace</a>. However, when Counts Zubov and Morkov were to sign the marriage contract in the morning of that day, they found that there was no article about the freedom of religion of the Grand Duchess, which was erased by order of the king. Despite the pleas of the Russian envoys, the King was firm that he would never give his people an Orthodox queen, and locked himself in his room. The Empress, her court and Alexandra, who was dressed as a bride, waited for him for more than four hours. Following the announcement of the final rejection of the king, the Empress had a small attack of apoplexy, and a grief-stricken Alexandra, in tears, locked herself in her room; the Swedish embassy declared that the engagement was canceled due to illness of the King.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 September Gustav IV Adolf was present at the ball on the occasion of the birthday of Grand Duchess <a href="/wiki/Princess_Juliane_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" title="Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">Anna Feodorovna</a> (born Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld), wife of Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_Konstantin_Pavlovich_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich of Russia">Konstantin Pavlovich</a>, but he was given a cold reception. Alexandra wasn't present at the ball, and the Empress had spent a little more than 15 minutes there, citing illness. Although the engagement didn't take place, talks about a marriage continued for a while. On 22 September 1796 the Swedish King had left Russia, with the Empress warning her son: "They're just your sons and their wives, but your four daughters should all be ill with colds." </p><p>Catherine II died two months later, on 17 November, and the marriage negotiations were continued by Alexandra Pavlovna's father and new Emperor <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a>. But in spite of all attempts, the main issue, the religion of the Grand Duchess, was not settled, and the marriage negotiations were finally stopped. </p><p>Soon, the Imperial family suffered another blow. In October 1797 Gustav IV Adolf married Princess <a href="/wiki/Frederica_of_Baden" title="Frederica of Baden">Frederica of Baden</a>, a younger sister of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexeievna, Alexandra's sister-in-law. Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)">Maria Feodorovna</a> blamed both her daughter-in-law for intriguing in favor of her sister and her husband the Emperor for "allowing himself these sharp and biting antics against her daughter".<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage">Marriage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marriage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1799, three years after her failed betrothal with the King of Sweden, another marital project originated for Alexandra. Previously in 1798, Dukes <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ferdinand_Frederick_Augustus_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duke Ferdinand Frederick Augustus of Württemberg">Ferdinand Augustus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_Alexander_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg_(1771%E2%80%931833)" title="Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1771–1833)">Alexander Frederick of Württemberg</a> who were the brothers of the Empress Maria Feodorovna, arrived in St. Petersburg to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russian_Army" title="Imperial Russian Army">Imperial Russian Army</a>. They expressed the interest of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Austria</a> to join with Russia in a coalition against the rising power of the <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a>, and to cement this alliance, it was decided to arrange a marriage between Alexandra and Archduke <a href="/wiki/Archduke_Joseph,_Palatine_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary">Joseph of Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palatine_of_Hungary" title="Palatine of Hungary">Palatine (Governor) of Hungary</a> and a younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor">Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor</a>. </p><p>Archduke Joseph personally came to Russia to see his bride.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meeting between them was successful. In mid-February 1799 the betrothal ball was held. Later, a marriage contract was signed in which Alexandra would be allowed to kept her Russian Orthodox faith. In October, Count <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Rostopchin" title="Fyodor Rostopchin">Fyodor Rostopchin</a> wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Believe me, that's not good started to strengthen the alliance with the Austrian court by ties of blood... Of all the sisters she will be given the least successful marriage. She will have nothing to wait for, and her children even more so.</p></blockquote> <p>On 25 September 1799, a decree was published about the royal title of Alexandra. In Russia, she was referred to as "Her Imperial Highness Grand Duchess the Archduchess of Austria" with the French prefix of "Palatine d'Hongrie".<sup id="cite_ref-Karnovich_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wedding took place on 30 October 1799 at <a href="/wiki/Gatchina_Palace" title="Gatchina Palace">Gatchina Palace</a>, one week after the wedding of her sister Elena. To celebrate both events, poet <a href="/wiki/Gavrila_Derzhavin" title="Gavrila Derzhavin">Gavrila Derzhavin</a> wrote the ode "the wedding celebrations of 1799". </p><p>On 21 November the couple went to Austria. Countess <a href="/wiki/Varvara_Golovina" title="Varvara Golovina">Varvara Golovina</a> remembered that Alexandra was sad to leave Russia, and her father Emperor Paul I "constantly repeated, would not see her since her sacrifice." </p><p>According to Alexandra's confessor, Andrei Samborski, Alexandra was given a cold reception in Vienna. However, other sources offer a different view. <a href="/wiki/Queen_Maria_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Maria Carolina">Queen Maria Carolina</a> of Naples (the Emperor's mother-in-law) and her daughters arrived in Vienna in August 1800 for a long stay. Maria Carolina's daughter, Princess <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily">Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily</a>, wrote in her journal that on 15 August the Queen and her daughters were introduced to Alexandra, whom she described as "very beautiful".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maria Amalia and Alexandra became friends during this time;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Princess of Naples wrote in her journal that the Russian Grand Duchess and her husband had a friendly relationship with the rest of the imperial family and took part in the family gatherings, parties and balls in Vienna, which contrasts with the version given by Andrei Samborski. For instance, in January 1801, Maria Amalia wrote in her journal that the imperial family used to attend balls in Archduke Joseph's residence in Vienna, where "beautiful Alexandra, always serious and sad, has a magnificent household."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When she was presented to Emperor Francis II, she reminded him of his first wife <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of Württemberg">Elisabeth of Württemberg</a>, who was her maternal aunt; this caused the jealousy of Empress <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_the_Two_Sicilies" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies">Maria Theresa</a>, Francis II's second wife, who also was envious of Alexandra's beauty and fine jewelry. Imperial confessor Andrew Samborski wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Remembering the happy cohabitation with her led him (the Emperor) in extreme confusion of mind which afflicted the heart of the Empress, his present wife. After this, she became in the innocent victim of the Empress' implacable vengeance...The Empress not forgotten and humiliated her parents and siblings when she called them a family of freaks, due to the treatment that Grand Duke Constantine gave to his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Once, Alexandra turned up to a ball beautifully dressed, with magnificent jewellery. The Empress was incensed at being upstaged by the Archduchess, and ordered her to remove her jewellery, and also told her that she could no longer wear them. Heeding her instructions, Alexandra only decorated her hair with flowers when she attended a play some time later. The flowers highlighted her beauty, leading her to be applauded and being given a standing ovation, making Maria Theresa even more furious. Archduke Joseph could not protect his wife from these attacks. Furthermore, her Eastern Orthodox faith aroused the hostility of the Roman Catholic Austrian court, who urged her to convert.<sup id="cite_ref-Danilova_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pavlovna was popular among Hungarians, both the nobles and the commoners. According to the legend, it was her suggestion to add the color green as the third color to the flag of Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hungarians had been using red and silver, then red and white as their national colors for centuries at the time. However, in the late 18th century, a third color was proposed to be added to the flag, to follow the style of the French tricolor. Pavlovna suggested green as a symbol for hope. By the mid-19th century, the red-white-green Hungarian tricolor became widespread. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg/250px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg/375px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg/500px-Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna, Archduchess of Austria and Palatina of Hungary, in Hungarian dress, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1800</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Due to his responsibilities as Palatine, after a short stay in the Imperial court, Archduke Joseph and his wife moved to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>, where they settled in the <a href="/wiki/Alcs%C3%BAt_Palace" title="Alcsút Palace">Alcsút Palace</a>, although they also normally returned to Vienna to spend time with the imperial family. </p><p>On 7 May 1800, the composer <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> played in the presence of Archduke Joseph and his wife Alexandra at the <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a>. This was part and main event of a week-long celebration organized by the Archduke in honor of his beautiful wife Alexandra. </p><p>Soon Alexandra was expecting her first child. The pregnancy was hard, as she was tormented by bouts of nausea. The doctor, following the orders of Empress Maria Theresa, was "more skilled in intrigues than in medicine, and moreover, with rude manners"; in addition, the cook prepared meals that she could not eat. </p><p>The childbirth, which lasted several hours, tormented Alexandra. Imperial confessor Andrew Samborski wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When the midwife noticed that the natural forces of the Grand Duchess left her, then she presented it to the Palatine and talk to him about the exhaustion of his wife and received from His Highness the consent to use tools, which he pulled out a child who lived only a few hours.</p></blockquote> <p>A daughter, Archduchess Alexandrine of Austria, was born on 8 March 1801, but died within hours. She was named after her mother. Upon learning of the death of her daughter, Alexandra Pavlovna said: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Thank God that my daughter was now with the angels, without experiencing the misery that we are exposed to.</p></blockquote> <p>On the eighth day after the birth, Alexandra was allowed to get up, but in the evening she developed <a href="/wiki/Puerperal_fever" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerperal fever">puerperal fever</a>, which finally caused her early death on 16 March 1801 aged 17. </p><p>Hungarian historian Sándor Domanovszky related the event as follows: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>On 8 March at 3 a.m. and after a long hesitation saw the light the daughter of the Archduchess, but she was so small and weak that she died on the same day. The young mother is a deep blow to stun. It had been two days earlier signs of a fever. Sickness didn't stop during the following days. Was held a consultation on 10 March, which established a gastric disease. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, however, during the next few days, so she was treated on 12 March against <a href="/wiki/Typhoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Typhoid">typhoid</a>. During the night of 14–15 March, the Archduchess became delirious. This state of affairs lasted the whole day, until the morning of 16 March when she quietly breathed her last. The news of her death arrived to St. Petersburg within eight days after the death of her tyrannical father.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Her death occurred a week before her father's murder, which happened on 23 March 1801. News of her death reached her mother and siblings in Russia only at the end of the month. Both the events were terrible blows for the Romanov family. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burial">Burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the Russian Orthodox tradition they had to celebrate masses over the corpse during six weeks, so the body of Alexandra was unburied during this time. After the specified time elapsed, on 12 May, the body of the Archduchess was placed in the crypt of the Capuchin monastery of Víziváros (now Main Street 20). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg/250px-AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg/375px-AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg/500px-AlexandraPavlovnaChapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Chapel of Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna in Üröm, Pest</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the Austrian court refused her burial in any Catholic cemeteries, Alexandra's remains remained unburied at Víziváros monastery until 1803, when her widower built a mausoleum dedicated to her in <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%B6m" title="Üröm">Üröm</a> near <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>, following the late Archduchess' wishes, and after her definitive burial in this place, an Eastern Orthodox service was held in her memory. In 1809, during the invasion of Napoleon's troops, Archduke Joseph ordered that the coffin with his wife's remains must be placed in <a href="/wiki/Buda_Castle" title="Buda Castle">Buda Castle</a> for precaution, with a special Orthodox chapel prepared for this purpose. Once the threat of war was over, Alexandra's coffin was returned to the Üröm Mausoleum, which became a place of pilgrimage for the local Orthodox community. During the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, Alexander I and the Grand Duchesses <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Pavlovna_of_Russia_(1786%E2%80%931859)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)">Maria Pavlovna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Pavlovna" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekaterina Pavlovna">Ekaterina Pavlovna</a> visited the grave of their sister. </p><p>Archduke Joseph remained a widower for several years, and only in 1815 remarried <a href="/wiki/Princess_Hermine_of_Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym" title="Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym">Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym</a>, who died two years later in 1817, also after giving birth, though this time <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_twins" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraternal twins">fraternal twins</a> who survived. In 1819 the Archduke contracted his third and last marriage with <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg">Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg</a>, who bore him five children, of whom three survived infancy. </p><p>After the death of Archduke Joseph in 1847, his children inherited the Üröm estate, who even survived both World Wars. The chapel was sacked, the valuables taken away and the coffins were open, but the remains weren't profaned, so the clothing and jewelry remained intact. In 1945, due to the <a href="/wiki/Collectivization_in_Hungary" title="Collectivization in Hungary">Collectivization in Hungary</a> near the property some farmers were established until 1953, when the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> took over the ownership of the site. In November 1977 the National Institute of Forensic Medicine, the National Institute of Chemistry and the Budapest History Museum archaeologist and anthropologist experts carried out detailed investigations in the Üröm Mausoleum. </p><p>On 26 April 1981 the Üröm Mausoleum was invaded by thieves, who profaned Alexandra's remains and coffin which was completely looted, taking clothing and jewelry. After this event, on 13 May Alexandra's remains were transferred to the crypt of Buda Castle, which had not yet been restored since the 1970s after the plunder and destruction made also by thieves. Until 2004, the Archduchess rested along the children and wives of her widower. </p><p>Thanks to a generous financial support from a Russian and also due to the tireless organizing work of Father Nikolai and the support of the Russian Orthodox Church and Üröm citizens who wanted to respect Alexandra's wishes, on 11 September 2004 her remains were returned to Üröm Mausoleum in a solemn ceremony held by Bishop <a href="/wiki/Hilarion_(Alfeyev)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hilarion (Alfeyev)">Hilarion</a>, head of the Russian Orthodox Church in Hungary. In the ceremony were present members of the Habsburg and Romanov families, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ter_Erd%C5%91" title="Péter Erdő">Péter Erdő</a> and the leaders of the Orthodox Churches in Hungary. The Russian ambassador Valery Muszatov gave a copy of Alexandra's portrait to the Üröm Mausoleum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alexandra's letters to her grandfather <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_Eugene,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg">Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg</a>, together with letters from her siblings, written between 1795 and 1797 are preserved in the State Archive of Stuttgart (<i>Hauptstaatsarchiv</i> Stuttgart) in Stuttgart, Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alexandra's letters to her sister-in-law <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily</a> are preserved in the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv in Vienna, Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_IV,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">17. Princess <a href="/wiki/Hedvig_Sophia_of_Sweden" title="Hedvig Sophia of Sweden">Hedvig Sophia of Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Russia" title="Peter III of Russia">Peter III of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter I of Russia">Peter I of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anna_Petrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">19. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_I_of_Russia" title="Catherine I of Russia">Catherine I of Russia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">20. <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dornburg" title="John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg">John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Christian_August,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">21. Christine Eleonore von Zeutch</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine II of Russia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">22. <a href="/wiki/Christian_August_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince_of_Eutin" title="Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin">Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Princess <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Elisabeth_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp">Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">23. <a href="/wiki/Margravine_Albertina_Frederica_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach">Margravine Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">24. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Winnental" title="Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental">Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexander,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg">Charles Alexander, Duke of Württemberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">25. <a href="/wiki/Margravine_Eleonore_Juliane_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach">Margravine Eleonore Juliane of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_Eugene,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg">Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">26. <a href="/wiki/Anselm_Franz,_2nd_Prince_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis">Anselm Franz, 2nd Prince of Thurn and Taxis</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Marie_Auguste_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis">Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">27. Princess Maria Ludovika of Lobkowicz</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Feodorovna_(Sophie_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg)" title="Maria Feodorovna (Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)">Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">28. <a href="/wiki/Philip_William,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Schwedt" title="Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt">Philip William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Schwedt" title="Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt">Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">29. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Johanna_Charlotte_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau">Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Margravine_Friederike_of_Brandenburg-Schwedt" class="mw-redirect" title="Margravine Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt">Margravine Friederike of Brandenburg-Schwedt</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">30. <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William I of Prussia">Frederick William I of Prussia</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. <a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophia_Dorothea_of_Prussia" title="Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia">Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">31. Princess <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Dorothea_of_Hanover" title="Sophia Dorothea of Hanover">Sophia Dorothea of Hanover</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Band_to_Order_St_Ekaterin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Band_to_Order_St_Ekaterin.png/50px-Band_to_Order_St_Ekaterin.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Band_to_Order_St_Ekaterin.png 1.5x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="30" /></a></span> Dame Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Catherine" title="Order of Saint Catherine">Order of Saint Catherine</a> (1783)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Land" title="Alexandra Land">Alexandra Land‎</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Danilova-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Danilova_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Albina Danilova: <i>Five Princesses. Daughters of Emperor Paul I</i>, Izografus, Eksmo-Press 2001, pp. 37–138 – 464 p. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/5-87113-107-7" title="Special:BookSources/5-87113-107-7">5-87113-107-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karnovich-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Karnovich_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Evgeny_Karnovich" title="Evgeny Karnovich">Evgeny Karnovich</a>: <i>Alexandra Pavlovna</i> in: <i>Remarkable and enigmatic personalities of the 17th and 19th centuries</i>, ed. A.S. Suvorin 1884, pp. 305–376 – 520 p.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sándor Domanovszky: <i>József nádor élete, első rész</i>, Budapest, Hungary Historical Society 1944, p. 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vendôme, Duchesse de (Princesse Henriette de Belgique): <i>La Jeunesse de Marie-Amélie, Reine des Français, d’après son journal</i>, (in French) París, Plon, 1935, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vendôme, Duchesse de (Princesse Henriette de Belgique): <i>La Jeunesse de Marie-Amélie, Reine des Français, d’après son journal</i>, (in French) París, Plon, 1935, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vendôme, Duchesse de (Princesse Henriette de Belgique): <i>La Jeunesse de Marie-Amélie, Reine des Français, d’après son journal</i>, (in French) París, Plon, 1935, p. 63.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/culture_society/alexandra_pavlovna_queen_of_hungarians_palatine_joseph_mausoleum/">"Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna and the Colour Green in the Hungarian Flag"</a>. <i>HungarianConservative.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HungarianConservative.com&rft.atitle=Grand+Duchess+Alexandra+Pavlovna+and+the+Colour+Green+in+the+Hungarian+Flag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hungarianconservative.com%2Farticles%2Fculture_society%2Falexandra_pavlovna_queen_of_hungarians_palatine_joseph_mausoleum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duchess+Alexandra+Pavlovna+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sándor Domanovszky: <i>József nádor élete, első rész</i>, Budapest, Hungary Historical Society 1944, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/plink/?f=1-1173813">"Herzog Friedrich Eugen (1732–1797) – Briefwechsel des Herzogs mit dem kaiserlichen Hause von Russland, 1795–1797 – 3. Schreiben der jungen Großfürsten Alexander und Konstantin und Großfürstinnen Alexandrina, Anna, Katharina, Elisabeth, Helene, Maria"</a>. Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herzog+Friedrich+Eugen+%281732%E2%80%931797%29+%E2%80%93+Briefwechsel+des+Herzogs+mit+dem+kaiserlichen+Hause+von+Russland%2C+1795%E2%80%931797+%E2%80%93+3.+Schreiben+der+jungen+Gro%C3%9Ff%C3%BCrsten+Alexander+und+Konstantin+und+Gro%C3%9Ff%C3%BCrstinnen+Alexandrina%2C+Anna%2C+Katharina%2C+Elisabeth%2C+Helene%2C+Maria&rft.pub=Hauptstaatsarchiv+Stuttgart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.landesarchiv-bw.de%2Fplink%2F%3Ff%3D1-1173813&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duchess+Alexandra+Pavlovna+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archivinformationssystem.at/detail.aspx?ID=2820363">"15 Briefe von Erzherzogin Alexandra an Kaiserin Marie Therese"</a>. Österreichisches Staatsarchiv, Abteilung Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=15+Briefe+von+Erzherzogin+Alexandra+an+Kaiserin+Marie+Therese&rft.pub=%C3%96sterreichisches+Staatsarchiv%2C+Abteilung+Haus-%2C+Hof-+und+Staatsarchiv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archivinformationssystem.at%2Fdetail.aspx%3FID%3D2820363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Duchess+Alexandra+Pavlovna+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truten.ru/books/pdf/7/5.pdf">List of Dames of the Order of St. Catherine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia">Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Volovik Oleg Evgenyevitch. Velikaya Kniaginya Alexandra Pavlovna. Semia, Jizny, Sudba, Pamiaty. Interpressfact. 2005. Budapest. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/963-218-146-8" title="Special:BookSources/963-218-146-8">963-218-146-8</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dinastia.org">http://dinastia.org</a> | <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rulit.org">http://rulit.org</a></li> <li>Palmer, Alan, <i>Alexander I tsar of War and Peace</i>, 1974. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-013264-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-013264-7">0-06-013264-7</a></li> <li>Troyat, Henri, <i>Catherine the Great</i>, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-425-05186-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-425-05186-2">0-425-05186-2</a></li> <li>Vendôme, Duchesse de (Princesse Henriette de Belgique): <i>La Jeunesse de Marie-Amélie, Reine des Français, d’après son journal</i>, París, Plon, 1935.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Russia">Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Russia" title="Anna of Russia">Empress Anna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Natalya_Alexeyevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeevna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Archduchess Alexandra Pavlovna, Palatina of Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia">Elena Pavlovna, Hereditary Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Pavlovna,_Grand_Duchess_of_Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach" title="Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach">Maria Pavlovna, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Catherine Pavlovna of Russia">Catherine Pavlovna, Queen of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Anna Pavlovna of Russia">Anna Pavlovna, Queen of the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elizabeth_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna of Russia"> Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna_of_Russia,_Duchess_of_Leuchtenberg" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, Duchess of Leuchtenberg">Maria Nikolaevna, Duchess of Leuchtenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Olga Nikolaevna, Queen of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Alexandra Nikolaevna of Russia">Alexandra Nikolaevna, Princess Frederick William of Hesse-Cassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Mikhailovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Maria Mikhailovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elizabeth_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia">Elizabeth Mikhailovna, Duchess of Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Catherine_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia">Catherine Mikhailovna, Duchess George Augustus of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Alexandra Alexandrovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia">Maria Alexandrovna, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Constantinovna_of_Russia" title="Olga Constantinovna of Russia">Olga Konstantinovna, Queen of the Hellenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Vera_Konstantinovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia">Vera Konstantinovna, Duchess Eugen of Württemberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Mikhailovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia">Anastasia Mikhailovna, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Xenia_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Alexandrovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, Mrs. Nikolai Kulikovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elena_Vladimirovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia">Elena Vladimirovna, Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Pavlovna_of_Russia_(1890%E2%80%931958)" title="Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890–1958)">Maria Pavlovna, Princess Sergei Mikhailovich Putiatin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Olga_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Tatiana_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Anastasia_Nikolaevna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia">Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Kirillovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia">Maria Kirillovna, Princess of Leiningen</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Kira_Kirillovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia">Kira Kirillovna, Princess of Prussia</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Maria_Vladimirovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* <i>title granted by Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich</i></li> <li>** <i>title granted by Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovich</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austrian_archduchesses_by_marriage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austrian_archduchesses_by_marriage" title="Template:Austrian archduchesses by marriage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Portugal,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress">Eleanor of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechthild_of_the_Palatinate" title="Mechthild of the Palatinate">Mechthild of the Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Scotland" title="Eleanor of Scotland">Eleanor of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Saxony,_Archduchess_of_Austria" title="Catherine of Saxony, Archduchess of Austria">Catherine of Saxony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Burgundy" title="Mary of Burgundy">Mary, Duchess of Burgundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Brittany" title="Anne of Brittany">Anne, Duchess of Brittany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Maria_Sforza" title="Bianca Maria Sforza">Bianca Maria Sforza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Castile" title="Joanna of Castile">Joanna, Queen of Castile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_of_Portugal" title="Isabella of Portugal">Infanta Isabella of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Manuela,_Princess_of_Portugal" title="Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal">Maria Manuela, Princess of Portugal</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_I_of_England" title="Mary I of England">Mary I of England</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_of_Austria,_Holy_Roman_Empress" title="Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress">Infanta Maria of Spain</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Juliana_Gonzaga" title="Anna Juliana Gonzaga">Anna Juliana Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(born_1551)" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1551)">Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_of_Tyrol" title="Anna of Tyrol">Archduchess Anna of Austria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Clara_Eugenia" title="Isabella Clara Eugenia">Isabella Clara Eugenia</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Bavaria_(born_1574)" title="Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1574)">Duchess Maria Anna of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Gonzaga_(1598%E2%80%931655)" title="Eleonora Gonzaga (1598–1655)">Eleonora Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_de%27_Medici" title="Claudia de' Medici">Claudia de' Medici</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France_(1602%E2%80%931644)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elisabeth of France (1602–1644)">Princess Elisabeth of France</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_of_Spain" title="Maria Anna of Spain">Infanta Maria Ana of Spain</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Leopoldine_of_Austria" title="Maria Leopoldine of Austria">Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Gonzaga_(1630%E2%80%931686)" title="Eleonora Gonzaga (1630–1686)">Eleonora Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_de%27_Medici,_Archduchess_of_Austria" title="Anna de' Medici, Archduchess of Austria">Anna de' Medici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Sulzbach" title="Hedwig of Sulzbach">Countess Palatine Hedwig of Sulzbach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Margaret Theresa of Spain">Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Felicitas_of_Austria" title="Claudia Felicitas of Austria">Archduchess Claudia Felicitas of Austria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Magdalene_of_Neuburg" title="Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg">Countess Palatine Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_Amalie_of_Brunswick" title="Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick">Princess Wilhelmina Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Princess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Parma" title="Princess Isabella of Parma">Princess Isabella of Parma</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Bavaria" title="Maria Josepha of Bavaria">Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_d%27Este,_Duchess_of_Massa" title="Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa">Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg">Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Henrietta_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg">Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg</a>**</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Hermine_of_Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym" title="Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym">Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg">Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Savoy" title="Princess Elisabeth of Savoy">Princess Elisabeth of Savoy</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_of_Savoy" title="Maria Beatrice of Savoy">Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Sophie_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Sophie of Bavaria">Princess Sophie of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Saxony_(1799%E2%80%931832)" title="Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799–1832)">Princess Maria Anna of Saxony</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Hildegard_of_Bavaria" title="Princess Hildegard of Bavaria">Princess Hildegard of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Elisabeth_Franziska_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria">Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Clotilde_of_Saxe-Coburg_and_Gotha" title="Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha">Princess Clotilde of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Adelgunde_of_Bavaria,_Duchess_of_Modena" title="Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena">Princess Adelgunde of Bavaria, Duchess of Modena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_of_Belgium" title="Charlotte of Belgium">Princess Charlotte of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaretha_of_Saxony" title="Princess Margaretha of Saxony">Princess Margaretha of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Annunciata_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Maria_Theresa_of_Portugal" title="Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal">Infanta Maria Theresa of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_(1836%E2%80%931859)" title="Princess Anna of Saxony (1836–1859)">Princess Anna of Saxony</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Immacolata_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1844%E2%80%931899)" title="Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1844–1899)">Princess Maria Immaculata of the Two Sicilies</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Cro%C3%BF" title="Princess Isabella of Croÿ">Princess Isabella of Croÿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_(1862%E2%80%931933)" title="Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1862–1933)">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Auguste_of_Bavaria_(1875%E2%80%931964)" title="Princess Auguste of Bavaria (1875–1964)">Princess Auguste Maria of Bavaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_St%C3%A9phanie_of_Belgium" title="Princess Stéphanie of Belgium">Princess Stéphanie of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Josepha_of_Saxony_(1867%E2%80%931944)" title="Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony (1867–1944)">Princess Maria Josepha of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Cristina_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Cristina of the Two Sicilies</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Blanca_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Blanca of Spain">Princess Blanca of Bourbon</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Valerie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria">Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria</a>^**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">16th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zita_of_Bourbon-Parma" title="Zita of Bourbon-Parma">Princess Zita of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Ileana_of_Romania" title="Princess Ileana of Romania">Princess Ileana of Romania</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Rosemary_of_Salm-Salm" title="Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm">Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_of_L%C3%B6wenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg_(1935%E2%80%932018)" title="Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (1935–2018)">Princess Maria of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regina_von_Habsburg" title="Regina von Habsburg">Princess Regina of Saxe-Meiningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margherita,_Archduchess_of_Austria-Este" title="Margherita, Archduchess of Austria-Este">Princess Margherita of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Yolande_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Yolande of Austria">Princess Yolande of Ligne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laetitia_d%27Arenberg" title="Laetitia d'Arenberg">Laetitia d'Arenberg</a>**</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Thyssen-Bornemisza" title="Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza">Freiin Francesca Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eilika_Duchess_of_Oldenburg" title="Eilika Duchess of Oldenburg">Duchess Eilika of Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Astrid_of_Belgium" title="Princess Astrid of Belgium">Princess Astrid of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie-Astrid_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria">Princess Marie Astrid of Luxembourg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>*also an infanta of Spain by marriage</i>; **<i>also a princess of Tuscany by marriage</i>; ^<i>also an archduchess of Austria in her own right</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Template:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Template talk:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tuscan princesses by marriage</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered from the daughters-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Archduchess Joanna of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_di_Garzia_di_Toledo" title="Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo">Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria">Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d'Orléans">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Luisa_Gonzaga" title="Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga">Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violante_Beatrice_of_Bavaria" title="Violante Beatrice of Bavaria">Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg">Duchess Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Parma" title="Princess Isabella of Parma">Princess Isabella of Parma</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Bavaria" title="Maria Josepha of Bavaria">Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_d%27Este,_Duchess_of_Massa" title="Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa">Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg">Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Henrietta_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg">Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg</a>*</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Hermine_of_Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym" title="Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym">Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg">Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Savoy" title="Princess Elisabeth of Savoy">Princess Elisabeth of Savoy</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Saxony_(1799%E2%80%931832)" title="Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799–1832)">Princess Maria Anna of Saxony</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_(1836%E2%80%931859)" title="Princess Anna of Saxony (1836–1859)">Princess Anna of Saxony</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Immacolata_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1844%E2%80%931899)" title="Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1844–1899)">Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Cristina_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Blanca_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Infanta Blanca of Spain">Infanta Blanca of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Valerie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria">Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Rosemary_of_Salm-Salm" title="Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm">Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laetitia_d%27Arenberg" title="Laetitia d'Arenberg">Princess Laetitia of Arenberg</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>^<i>did not have a royal or noble title by birth</i><br /><i>* also an archduchess of Austria by marriage</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233471#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233471#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233471#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055428355">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3589074">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1638501/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx8DxGqYkcHHJmCmvrXh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/130855804">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2006021722">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Aleksandra Pavlovna <arciduchessa d'Austria>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MUSV086471">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20050624001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810553853705606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/130855804.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/130855804">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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