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Marguerite Louise d'Orléans - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Grand Duchess of Tuscany: 1670–1721</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany:_1670–1721-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grand Duchess of Tuscany: 1670–1721 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany:_1670–1721-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Return_to_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Return to France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Montmartre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Montmartre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Montmartre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Montmartre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saint-Mandé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint-Mandé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Saint-Mandé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint-Mandé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Issue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Issue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Issue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Issue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ancestors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارغريت لويز من أورليان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مارغريت لويز من أورليان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Маргарита Луиза Орлеанска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Маргарита Луиза Орлеанска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarida_Llu%C3%AFsa_d%27Orleans" title="Margarida Lluïsa d&#039;Orleans – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Margarida Lluïsa d&#039;Orleans" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Luisa_Orle%C3%A1nsk%C3%A1" title="Markéta Luisa Orleánská – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Markéta Luisa Orleánská" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%E2%80%99Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d’Orléans – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Marguerite Louise d’Orléans" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%B6%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Μαργαρίτα Λουίζα της Ορλεάνης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαργαρίτα Λουίζα της Ορλεάνης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_Luisa_de_Orle%C3%A1ns" title="Margarita Luisa de Orleáns – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Margarita Luisa de Orleáns" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite-Louise d&#039;Orléans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Marguerite-Louise d&#039;Orléans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%B8%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%A6%88_%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%BC%EB%A0%88%EC%95%99" title="마르그리트루이즈 도를레앙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마르그리트루이즈 도를레앙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margherita_Luisa_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Margherita Luisa d&#039;Orléans – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Margherita Luisa d&#039;Orléans" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარგარიტა ლუიზა ორლეანელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მარგარიტა ლუიზა ორლეანელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مارجريت لويز من اورليان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارجريت لويز من اورليان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9C%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8D%EF%BC%9D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="マルゲリータ・ルイーザ・ディ・ボルボーネ=オルレアンス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マルゲリータ・ルイーザ・ディ・ボルボーネ=オルレアンス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata_Ludwika_d%E2%80%99Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Małgorzata Ludwika d’Orléans – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Małgorzata Ludwika d’Orléans" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarida_Lu%C3%ADsa_de_Orle%C3%A3es" title="Margarida Luísa de Orleães – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Margarida Luísa de Orleães" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d&#039;Orléans – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marguerite Louise d&#039;Orléans" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Маргарита Луиза Орлеанская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маргарита Луиза Орлеанская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise d&#039;Orléans – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Marguerite Louise d&#039;Orléans" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareta_Lovisa_av_Orleans" title="Margareta Lovisa av Orleans – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Margareta Lovisa av Orleans" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_c%E1%BB%A7a_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marguerite Louise của Orléans – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Marguerite Louise của Orléans" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E6%A0%BC%E9%BA%97%E7%89%B9-%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E7%B5%B2%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%E8%89%AF" title="瑪格麗特-路易絲·德·奧爾良 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="瑪格麗特-路易絲·德·奧爾良" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q268349#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg/220px-Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg/330px-Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg/440px-Marguerite-Louise_d%27Orleans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4134" data-file-height="5300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Portrait in the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Histoire_de_France_(Versailles)" title="Musée de l&#39;Histoire de France (Versailles)">Musée de l'Histoire de France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_consort_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany">Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data">23 May 1670 – 17 September 1721</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1645-07-28</span>)</span>28 July 1645<br /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Blois">Château de Blois</a>, Blois, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 September 1721<span style="display:none">(1721-09-17)</span> (aged&#160;76)<br />15 <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a>, Paris, France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a>, Paris</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo III de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo III de' Medici</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px">&#8203;</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="19 April 1661">1661</span>&#59;&#32;<abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr>&#160;1675&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Issue">Detail</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Ferdinando, Grand Prince of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de&#39; Medici">Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left">Names</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname" style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.7em;">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Lorraine" title="Marguerite of Lorraine">Marguerite of Lorraine</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</b> (28 July 1645 – 17 September 1721) was a French princess who became <a href="/wiki/Grand_duchess_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand duchess of Tuscany">grand duchess of Tuscany</a> as the wife of Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici" title="Cosimo III de&#39; Medici">Cosimo III de' Medici</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Libertine" title="Libertine">Libertine</a> and unruly in conduct from an early age, her relations with her husband and his family were tempestuous and often bitter, with repeated appeals for mediation to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. Nevertheless, three children were born to the couple: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Grand Prince Ferdinando</a>, Electress Palatine <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Maria Luisa">Anna Maria Luisa</a>, and Grand Duke <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone</a>. </p><p>In June 1675, five years after her husband had succeeded to the grand duchy and four years after the birth of their youngest child, Marguerite Louise and her husband separated and she retired with a pension to a <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a> on the outskirts of Paris. In France she proved little inclined to respect <a href="/wiki/Social_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Social convention">social conventions</a> governing the life of a woman of her rank and proved a thorn in the side of the Tuscan authorities and the French monarchy, <a href="/wiki/Indulgent" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulgent">indulgent</a> though it was. </p><p>In later life, she eventually adopted more conventional behaviour, took up pious works and even reformed the convent that became her second residence in the Paris suburbs. As the years went by she had serious setbacks to her health and the sadness of mourning her eldest son, Grand Prince Ferdinando, for whom she had had a genuine affection. Rendered <a href="/wiki/Financially_independent" class="mw-redirect" title="Financially independent">financially independent</a> by a legacy, she purchased a house in Paris, from which she spent the end of her life dispensing charity and keeping up dignified correspondence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life:_1645–1661"><span id="Early_life:_1645.E2.80.931661"></span>Early life: 1645–1661</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early life: 1645–1661"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier,_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A portly blond-haired lady in a Baroque décolleté embraces an Easter lily." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg/200px-Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg/300px-Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg/400px-Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C_Duchess_of_Montpensier%2C_La_Grande_Mademoiselle_-_Versailles_MV_3476.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Marguerite Louise's favourite sister, the <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Marie Louise d&#39;Orléans">Duchess of Montpensier</a>, the wealthiest heiress in France</figcaption></figure> <p>Marguerite Louise, the eldest child of <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston of France, Duke of Orléans</a>, and of his second wife, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Lorraine" title="Marguerite of Lorraine">Marguerite of Lorraine</a>, was born on 28 July 1645<sup id="cite_ref-Acton54_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton54-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Blois" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Blois">Château de Blois</a>. She was the eldest of five children born to Gaston by his second wife. Her other sisters included <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d&#39;Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite</a>, future Duchess of Guise and the <a href="/wiki/Duchess_of_Savoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess of Savoy">Duchess of Savoy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Marguerite Louise received a rudimentary education at her father's court at <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a>, to which he withdrew after the failure of the insurrection against his nephew <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Fronde" class="mw-redirect" title="Fronde">Fronde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton54_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton54-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise enjoyed a close relationship with her half-sister, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a>, <i>La Grande Mademoiselle</i>, who took her and her friends to the theatre and royal balls; Marguerite Louise returned her sister's affection, attending Anne Marie Louise's <i>salon</i> daily and seeking her guidance in court matters.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise was convinced that Madame de Choisy advised her mother poorly in matters of court and ruined the negotiations for her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the end it had been her own younger sister <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d&#39;Orléans">Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans</a> who married Charles Emmanuel in 1663.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOresko200420_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOresko200420-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was for this reason that when another proposal came in 1658, this time from <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo III de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany</a>, Marguerite Louise asked her half-sister to bring it about.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitts160_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitts160-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially overjoyed at the prospect of marrying, Marguerite Louise's ebullience faded to dismay when she discovered her half-sister, despite initially favouring the Tuscan match, then changed her mind.<sup id="cite_ref-Pitts160_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pitts160-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In reaction, Marguerite Louise's behaviour became unconventional: she shocked the court by going out unaccompanied, a grievous offence in contemporary French society, with her cousin <a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles V, Duke of Lorraine">Prince Charles of Lorraine</a>, who soon became her lover.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her marriage by proxy, on 19 April 1661, did nothing to change her attitude, much to the annoyance of Louis XIV's ministers. On the day she was supposed to meet diplomats offering their congratulations on the wedding, she attempted instead to go hunting, only to be stopped by the Duchess of Montpensier.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_in_Tuscany:_1661–1670"><span id="Life_in_Tuscany:_1661.E2.80.931670"></span>Life in Tuscany: 1661–1670</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Life in Tuscany: 1661–1670"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grand_Princess_of_Tuscany">Grand Princess of Tuscany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Grand Princess of Tuscany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volterrano,_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_(Warsaw_Royal_Castle).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A black-haired, double-chinned man wears a gold-fringed coronation robes and, over this, ermine. A crown sits upon his head." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg/170px-Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg/255px-Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg/340px-Volterrano%2C_Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici_in_grand_ducal_robes_%28Warsaw_Royal_Castle%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1217" data-file-height="1918" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo III de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo III de' Medici</a>, Marguerite Louise's husband, whom she hated, in Grand Ducal regalia</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Mattias_de%27_Medici" title="Mattias de&#39; Medici">Mattias de' Medici</a>, brother to the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando II de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke</a> and her bridegroom's uncle, conveyed Marguerite Louise to Tuscany in a fleet comprising nine galleys, three Tuscan, three on loan from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> and another three from the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>. Against all protocol, Charles of Lorraine saw her off at <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>. The party arrived in Tuscany on 12 June, the bride disembarking at <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, and, to much pageantry, she made her formal entry into Florence on 20 June.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their wedding celebrations, the most lavish spectacle Florence had hitherto seen, included of a cortège of over three hundred carriages.<sup id="cite_ref-Strathern386_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strathern386-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As a wedding gift, Grand Duke Ferdinando, the bridegroom's father, presented her with a pearl the "size of a small pigeon's egg".<sup id="cite_ref-Strathern386_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strathern386-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Marguerite Louise and Cosimo greeted each other with indifference, and, according to <a href="/wiki/Sophia,_Electress_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophia, Electress of Hanover">Sophia, Electress of Hanover</a>, they only slept together once a week.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise, two days after their marriage, demanded possession of the Tuscan crown jewels from Cosimo, who replied that he did not have the authority to give them.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibbert289_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbert289-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The jewels that she did manage to get from Cosimo she tried to smuggle out of Tuscany, only to be stopped by the Grand Duke.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibbert289_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbert289-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise's indifference, after this incident, turned to hatred, compounded by her continued love for Charles of Lorraine, from whom she was forced to part at <a href="/wiki/Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseilles">Marseilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On one occasion, she threatened to break a bottle over Cosimo's head if he did not leave her chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-Strathern386_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strathern386-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her hatred of Cosimo, however, did not prevent their doing their mutual duty by having children: <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Grand Prince Ferdinando</a> in 1663, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de&#39; Medici">Anna Maria Luisa</a> in 1667 and <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone</a> in 1671.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Marguerite Louise's unconventional behaviour lead to sour relations with the family. She argued with the <a href="/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere" title="Vittoria della Rovere">Grand Duchess Vittoria</a> over precedence, and with Grand Duke Ferdinando over her spending.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton86_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton86-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her spending habits not only spelled conflict with the Grand Duke, but made her unpopular with the Florentines. This was compounded by her free-spirited conduct, such as having two grooms who would frequent her chamber at all hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton86_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton86-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pleas_to_Louis_XIV">Pleas to Louis XIV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Pleas to Louis XIV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Charles of Lorraine's brief visit to Florence, during which he was entertained by the Grand Ducal family in <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti" title="Palazzo Pitti">Palazzo Pitti</a>, the Grand Ducal palace, the tone of Marguerite Louise's letters to Charles led <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando II de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">the Grand Duke</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_III_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo III de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo</a> to spy on her.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton87_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton87-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In response, she unsuccessfully appealed to <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> to intervene,<sup id="cite_ref-Acton87_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton87-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but then both Marguerite Louise and the Grand Duke sent entreaties to Louis XIV after her French staff was dismissed, Marguerite Louise complaining of being maltreated, the Grand Duke asking for help in restraining Marguerite Louise's behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>To placate both the Grand Duke and Marguerite Louise, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> sent the <i>Comte de Saint Mesme</i>. In the conversations that took place, it emerged that Marguerite Louise wanted to return to France, and Mesme sympathised with this, as did much of the French court, so he concluded his visit without finding a solution to the heir's domestic problems, incensing both Ferdinando and Louis XIV.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acton93_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Now, Marguerite Louise began forcing the issue by humiliating Cosimo on every possible occasion, as when she insisted on employing only French cooks as she claimed the Medici were out to poison her and when she branded Cosimo "a poor groom" in front of the <a href="/wiki/Papal_nuncio" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal nuncio">Papal nuncio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton93_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After several more French attempts at conciliation had failed, in September 1664 Marguerite Louise left her apartment in Palazzo Pitti, refusing to return. As a result, Cosimo moved her into Villa di Lappeggi.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton93_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton93-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where she was watched by forty soldiers, and where six courtiers, appointed by Cosimo, had to follow her everywhere because it was feared she would flee to France.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The following year, she changed tack, and was reconciled with the Grand Ducal family. That particular reconciliation collapsed, however, after the birth in 1667 of <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de&#39; Medici">Anna Maria Luisa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany:_1670–1721"><span id="Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany:_1670.E2.80.931721"></span>Grand Duchess of Tuscany: 1670–1721</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Grand Duchess of Tuscany: 1670–1721"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_(by_Henri_Testelin).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A periwigged man sits on a throne, wearing fleur-de-lis pattern regalia and embracing a child" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg/170px-Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg/255px-Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg/340px-Louis_XIV_%28by_Henri_Testelin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a>, Marguerite Louise's first cousin, from a painting by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Testelin" title="Henri Testelin">Henri Testelin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1670, with the death of <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando II de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke Ferdinando II</a>, Marguerite Louise became <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tuscan_consorts" title="List of Tuscan consorts">Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a>. The old tradition of admitting the reigning Grand Duke's mother to the <i>Consulta</i>, or Privy Council, was reinstituted at Cosimo III's accession.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Loathing Marguerite Louise for her treatment of Cosimo and herself, <a href="/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere" title="Vittoria della Rovere">Vittoria della Rovere</a>, Cosimo III's mother, ensured that Marguerite Louise was denied membership of the <i>Consulta</i>. Being thus effectively excluded from politics, she was left with nothing else to do but supervise the education of her son <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">the Grand Prince Ferdinando</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Young460_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young460-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acton114_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton114-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Grand Duchess, furious at her exclusion, fought with Vittoria over precedence and demanded entry to the <i>Consulta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton114_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton114-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cosimo III sided with his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton114_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton114-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presumably yet another reconciliation, however brief, took place in the summer of 1670, of which a sign was the birth of the couple's last child, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone</a> on 24 May 1671. However, by early 1671, the fighting between Marguerite Louise and Vittoria became so heated that a contemporary remarked that "the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti" title="Palazzo Pitti">Pitti Palace</a> has become the devil's own abode, and from morn till midnight only the noise of wrangling and abuse can be heard".<sup id="cite_ref-Acton115_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton115-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The birth of <a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone</a> on the first anniversary of his grandfather <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_II_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinando II de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Ferdinando II's</a> death, gave an occasion for the child to receive the name of his other, maternal grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a>, who had died in 1660. He was later to be the last Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_France">Return to France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Return to France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the start of 1672, Marguerite Louise wrote to Louis XIV, begging him for medical assistance for what she described as breast cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> To tend her, Louis XIV sent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alliot_le_Vieux&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alliot le Vieux (page does not exist)">Alliot le Vieux</a>, the personal physician who had attended his mother <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Austria" title="Anne of Austria">Anne of Austria</a>, who had died of the complaint.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton115_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton115-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alliot, unlike Mesme, did not completely comply with Marguerite Louise's desire to be sent to France on the pretext of illness, declaring that the tumour was "in no wise malignant", though he did recommend thermal waters.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton115_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton115-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Frustrated at the failure of her plan, to upset Cosimo Marguerite Louise began flirting with a cook in her household, tickling him and having pillow fights.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an effort to restore domestic harmony, Cosimo III sent for <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Vichy-Chamrond,_marquise_du_Deffand" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, marquise du Deffand">Madame du Deffand</a>, Marguerite Louise's childhood governess who had sided with the Grand Duke before.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton114_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton114-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, because of a string of deaths in the Orléans family, the governess arrived with some delay, in December 1672.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By then, Marguerite Louise was in the depths of despair, and asked to be allowed visit <a href="/wiki/Poggio_a_Caiano#The_Medici_villa" title="Poggio a Caiano">Villa Poggio a Caiano</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Medici_villa" class="mw-redirect" title="Medici villa">Medici villa</a>, ostensibly for worship at a nearby shrine.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Once there, she refused to return, which resulted in a two-year standoff between herself and the Grand Duke, for he would not consent to her return to France, though she begged for this in her parting letter to him.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Madame du Deffand's mission having failed, Louis XIV made one final attempt to reconcile the Grand Ducal couple, to no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Therefore, all attempts at conciliation having failed, Cosimo capitulated to Marguerite Louise, in a contract signed on 26 December 1674: Marguerite Louise, provided for with a pension of 80,000 <a href="/wiki/French_livres" class="mw-redirect" title="French livres">livres</a>, was allowed to leave for France, but she had to confine herself to the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_de_Montmartre" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Pierre de Montmartre">Abbey of Saint Peter at Montmartre</a> and surrender her rights as a Royal Princess of France.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Overjoyed, the Grand Duchess departed for France laden down with the fixtures and furniture of Villa Poggio a Caiano, for, in her own words, she had no intention "of setting forth without her proper wages".<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Montmartre">Montmartre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Montmartre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani,_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_(1687,_vasari_corridor_Uffizi).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A young man wears gold-laced, black armour with a waist-length, black peri-wig." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg/170px-Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg/255px-Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg/340px-Niccol%C3%B2_Cassani%2C_Gran_Principe_Ferdinando_%281687%2C_vasari_corridor_Uffizi%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1005" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">The Grand Prince Ferdinando</a>, Marguerite Louise's eldest son, by <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Cassana" title="Niccolò Cassana">Niccolò Cassana</a>, 1687</figcaption></figure> <p>News of Marguerite Louise's departure from <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a> on 12 July 1675 was greeted with "a great displeasure" by the Florentines.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton138_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton138-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The nobility, too, sympathised with her, believing Cosimo was to blame for driving Marguerite Louise away.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton138_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton138-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At Montmartre Marguerite Louise at first patronised charitable works and bore herself with "an air of piety", but she soon reverted to her unconventional ways, wearing heavy rouge and bright yellow periwigs, and embarking on an affair with the Count of Lovigny, and later with two members of the Luxembourg regiment.<sup id="cite_ref-Hibbert296_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hibbert296-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Acton,_p_145_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton,_p_145-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Louis XIV, ignoring the 1674 contract's article banning Marguerite Louise from setting foot outside the convent, admitted the Grand Duchess to court, where she gambled for high stakes.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of her "shabby" retinue and short visits, Marguerite Louise garnered the reputation of a Bohemian among the courtiers of Versailles, and, therefore, was compelled to allow "those of insignificant birth" into her circle.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton,_p_145_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton,_p_145-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Tuscan envoy, Gondi, issued frequent protests to the French court against Marguerite Louise's behaviour, to no avail.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton148_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton148-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eventually, the Abbess of Montmartre, Françoise Renée de Lorraine, (1621–1682), when questioned by the King about Marguerite Louise's latest affair with a groom, replied, "A conspiracy of silence is the sole antidote to the depravity and excesses of [Marguerite Louise]". This perhaps is the motivation behind the fact of Marguerite Louise's absence from memoirs of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton148_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton148-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Back in Florence, Cosimo III scrutinised closely the reports sent by the Tuscan envoy in France regarding on Marguerite Louise's every movement. If he deemed a particular action of hers to be offensive, he wrote to Louis XIV, demanding an explanation.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Initially sympathetic to Cosimo, Louis XIV, tiring of his endless stream of protests, said, "Since Cosimo had consented to the retirement of his wife to France, he had virtually relinquished any right to interfere in her conduct".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was this that prompted Cosimo III to give up concerning himself with his wife's behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton155_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton155-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise was informed of Cosimo III's ensuing illness by her eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Grand Prince Ferdinando</a>, who had espoused his mother's cause and corresponded with her.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton155_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton155-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Certain of her husband's imminent death, Marguerite Louise told the French court that "at the first notice of her detested husband's demise, she would fly to Florence to banish all hypocrites and hypocrisy and establish a new government".<sup id="cite_ref-Acton155_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton155-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This, however, was not to be, and Cosimo III actually outlived her two years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>In 1688, burdened by debts, Marguerite Louise wrote to Cosimo, begging for 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Crown_(British_coin)" title="Crown (British coin)">crowns</a>. When Cosimo was not initially forthcoming, she switched her focus to her son the Grand Prince, in the hope he would help her, but he feigned he could not, for fear of upsetting his father.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eventually, Cosimo paid off her debts, and her financial security was assured when she inherited a large sum of money from a relative in 1696.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Strathern389_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strathern389-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Marguerite Louise's behaviour was tolerated by the previous Abbess of Montmartre, the new Abbess, Madame d'Harcourt, frequently complained about her to the Grand Duke and the King.<sup id="cite_ref-Strathern389_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strathern389-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In retaliation, Marguerite Louise threatened to kill the Abbess with a hatchet and a pistol, and formed a clique against her.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was in this context that Cosimo III consented, in line with her wishes, to Marguerite Louise's departure for a new convent, at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9" title="Saint-Mandé">Saint-Mandé</a> on the Eastern outskirts of Paris, on the condition she go out only with the King Louis XIV's explicit permission and be attended by a chamberlain of his choice.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton196_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton196-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since she would not agree, her pension was suspended, only to be resumed when Louis XIV compelled her to yield.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton196_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton196-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint-Mandé"><span id="Saint-Mand.C3.A9"></span>Saint-Mandé</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Saint-Mandé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At <a href="/wiki/Saint-Mand%C3%A9" title="Saint-Mandé">Saint-Mandé</a>, the aging Marguerite Louise adopted a more moderate life and busied herself with reforming the convent, which she called a "spiritual brothel". The absentee mother superior, who wore men's clothing, was sent away, while nuns who departed from the rule were removed. In this way, Marguerite Louise's behaviour ceased to be a bone of contention with Florence.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton196_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton196-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise's health began to decline in 1712, with an attack of <a href="/wiki/Apoplexy" title="Apoplexy">apoplexy</a>, which left her with a paralysed left arm and foaming mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton273_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton273-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She soon recovered, only to have another attack the next year; the death of the only one of her three children with whom she had a good relationship, Grand Prince Ferdinando, contributed to the second attack of apoplexy, which briefly paralysed her eyes and made speech difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton273_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton273-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Regent of France, <a href="/wiki/Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippe II, Duke of Orléans">Philippe d'Orléans</a>, allowed Marguerite Louise to buy a house in Paris at 15 <a href="/wiki/Place_des_Vosges" title="Place des Vosges">Place des Vosges</a>, where she spent her final years.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton273_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton273-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She corresponded with the Regent's mother, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate">Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate</a>, and gave assiduously to charity.<sup id="cite_ref-Acton273_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Acton273-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Princess of France and Grand Duchess of Tuscany, died on 17 September 1721, and was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a>, in Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gen_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gen-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Issue">Issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise had three children: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Ferdinando de&#39; Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany">Ferdinando de' Medici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prince_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Prince of Tuscany">Grand Prince of Tuscany</a> (1663–1713) married <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Violante_Beatrice_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria">Violante Beatrice of Bavaria</a>, no issue;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Luisa_de%27_Medici" title="Anna Maria Luisa de&#39; Medici">Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electress_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Electress Palatine">Electress Palatine</a> (1667–1743) married <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine</a>, no issue;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Gastone de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Gian Gastone de' Medici</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duke of Tuscany">Grand Duke of Tuscany</a> (1671–1737) married <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg">Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, no issue.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestors">Ancestors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Ancestors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans.png 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="2581" /></a><figcaption>Arms of Marguerite Louise as Grand Duchess of Tuscany</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">16. <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Charles, Duke of Vendôme">Charles, Duke of Vendôme</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Antoine_of_Navarre" title="Antoine of Navarre">Antoine of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">17. <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_of_Alen%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Françoise of Alençon">Françoise of Alençon</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">18. <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_Navarre" title="Henry II of Navarre">Henry II of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_d%27Albret" title="Jeanne d&#39;Albret">Jeanne III of Navarre</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">19. <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marguerite of Angoulême">Marguerite of Angoulême</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Gaston,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Gaston, Duke of Orléans">Gaston, Duke of Orléans</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">20. <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Medici_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medici-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frieda2006_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frieda2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">21. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Toledo" title="Eleanor of Toledo">Eleanor of Toledo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Medici_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medici-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Marie_de%27_Medici" title="Marie de&#39; Medici">Marie de' Medici</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">22. <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. <a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Joanna of Austria</a><sup id="cite_ref-Frieda2006_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frieda2006-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">23. <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Bohemia_and_Hungary" title="Anne of Bohemia and Hungary">Anne of Bohemia and Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="15"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="60" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="31" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="30" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">24. <a href="/wiki/Francis_I,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Francis I, Duke of Lorraine">Francis I, Duke of Lorraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright1913-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Charles III, Duke of Lorraine">Charles III, Duke of Lorraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright1913-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">25. <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Denmark" title="Christina of Denmark">Christina of Denmark</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright1913-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. <a href="/wiki/Francis_II,_Duke_of_Lorraine" title="Francis II, Duke of Lorraine">Francis II, Duke of Lorraine</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">26. <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henry II of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. <a href="/wiki/Claude_of_France_(1547%E2%80%931575)" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude of France (1547–1575)">Claude of Valois</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cartwright1913-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">27. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de&#39; Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_of_Lorraine" title="Marguerite of Lorraine">Marguerite of Lorraine</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="29"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">28. John VII, Count of Salm-Badenweiler<sup id="cite_ref-Bertholet1742_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertholet1742-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Paul, Count of Salm-Brandenburg<sup id="cite_ref-Gand1883_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gand1883-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">29. Louise de Stainville<sup id="cite_ref-Bertholet1742_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bertholet1742-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Salm" title="Christina of Salm">Christina of Salm</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">30. Tanneguy Le Veneur, Comte de Tillières<sup id="cite_ref-Gand1883_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gand1883-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Marie Le Veneur de Tillières<sup id="cite_ref-Gand1883_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gand1883-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #9fe;">31. Madeleine Hélie de Pompadour<sup id="cite_ref-Gand1883_56-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gand1883-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Acton54-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton54_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton54_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, pp. 159–160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOresko200420-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOresko200420_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOresko2004">Oresko 2004</a>, p.&#160;20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pitts160-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pitts160_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pitts160_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pitts, p. 162.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strathern386-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strathern386_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strathern386_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strathern386_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strathern, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hibbert289-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hibbert289_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hibbert289_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton86-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton86_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton86_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton87-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton87_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton87_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, pp, 88–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, pp. 91–92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton93-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton93_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton93_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton93_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, p 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young460-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Young460_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, p 460.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton114-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton114_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton114_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton114_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton114_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton115-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton115_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton115_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton115_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p. 293.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, pp. 293–294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p. 294.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 120.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, pp. 460–461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p. 295.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton138-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton138_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton138_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hibbert296-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hibbert296_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hibbert, p. 296.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton,_p_145-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton,_p_145_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton,_p_145_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, pp. 144–145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton148-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton148_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton148_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, pp. 154–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton155-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton155_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton155_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton155_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, p. 464.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 278.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 279.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strathern389-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Strathern389_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Strathern389_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strathern, p. 389.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p; 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton196-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton196_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton196_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton196_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acton273-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Acton273_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton273_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton273_48-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Acton273_48-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p 273.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acton, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gen-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gen_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFvan_de_PasFettesMahler1998" class="citation web cs1">van de Pas, Leo; Fettes, Ian; Mahler, Leslie (3 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00003835&amp;tree=LEO">"Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, Mademoiselle d'Orléans"</a>. <i>Genealogics</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Genealogics&amp;rft.atitle=Marguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans%2C+Mademoiselle+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;rft.date=1998-11-03&amp;rft.aulast=van+de+Pas&amp;rft.aufirst=Leo&amp;rft.au=Fettes%2C+Ian&amp;rft.au=Mahler%2C+Leslie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genealogics.org%2Fgetperson.php%3FpersonID%3DI00003835%26tree%3DLEO&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726145–147_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp.&#160;145–147.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726147–148_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp.&#160;147–148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726143–144_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp.&#160;143–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frieda2006-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Frieda2006_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Frieda2006_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonie_Frieda2006" class="citation book cs1">Leonie Frieda (14 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cPbRwMidibEC&amp;pg=PA386"><i>Catherine de Medici: Renaissance Queen of France</i></a>. HarperCollins. p.&#160;386. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074493-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-074493-9"><bdi>978-0-06-074493-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catherine+de+Medici%3A+Renaissance+Queen+of+France&amp;rft.pages=386&amp;rft.pub=HarperCollins&amp;rft.date=2006-03-14&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-06-074493-9&amp;rft.au=Leonie+Frieda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcPbRwMidibEC%26pg%3DPA386&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cartwright1913-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cartwright1913_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright1913" class="citation book cs1">Cartwright, Julia Mary (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/christinaofdenma00adyj#page/538"><i>Christina of Denmark, Duchess of Milan and Lorraine, 1522–1590</i></a>. New York: E. P. Dutton. p.&#160;538.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Christina+of+Denmark%2C+Duchess+of+Milan+and+Lorraine%2C+1522%E2%80%931590&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pages=538&amp;rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton&amp;rft.date=1913&amp;rft.aulast=Cartwright&amp;rft.aufirst=Julia+Mary&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristinaofdenma00adyj%23page%2F538&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gand1883-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gand1883_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gand1883_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gand1883_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gand1883_56-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/messagerdesscien1883gand#page/256"><i>Messager des sciences historiques, ou, Archives des arts et de la bibliographie de Belgique</i></a> (in French). Gand. 1883. p.&#160;256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Messager+des+sciences+historiques%2C+ou%2C+Archives+des+arts+et+de+la+bibliographie+de+Belgique&amp;rft.pages=256&amp;rft.pub=Gand&amp;rft.date=1883&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmessagerdesscien1883gand%23page%2F256&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726328–329_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp.&#160;328–329.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726211_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, p.&#160;211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Medici-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Medici_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Medici_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060115213538/http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf">"The Medici Granducal Archive and the Medici Archive Project"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p.&#160;12. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medici.org/general/PhotoEssay.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 January 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Medici+Granducal+Archive+and+the+Medici+Archive+Project&amp;rft.pages=12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medici.org%2Fgeneral%2FPhotoEssay.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BLKO-Johanna-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BLKO-Johanna_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWurzbach1860" class="citation cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Constantin_von_Wurzbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantin von Wurzbach">Wurzbach, Constantin von</a>, ed. (1860). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:de:BLKÖ:Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/de:BLK%C3%96:Habsburg,_Johanna_von_Oesterreich_(Tochter_des_Kaisers_Ferdinand_I.)">"Habsburg, Johanna von Oesterreich (Tochter des Kaisers Ferdinand I.)"&#160;</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographisches_Lexikon_des_Kaiserthums_Oesterreich" title="Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich">Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich</a></i> &#91;<i>Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire</i>&#93; (in German). Vol.&#160;6. p.&#160;290 &#8211; via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Habsburg%2C+Johanna+von+Oesterreich+%28Tochter+des+Kaisers+Ferdinand+I.%29&amp;rft.btitle=Biographisches+Lexikon+des+Kaiserthums+Oesterreich&amp;rft.pages=290&amp;rft.date=1860&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnselme1726133–135_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnselme1726">Anselme 1726</a>, pp.&#160;133–135.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bertholet1742-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bertholet1742_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bertholet1742_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBertholet1742" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bertholet, Jean (1742). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5odcAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PR39"><i>Histoire ecclesiastique et civile du Duche de Luxembourg et Comte de Chiny</i></a> (in French). Vol.&#160;3. A. Chevalier. p.&#160;39<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+ecclesiastique+et+civile+du+Duche+de+Luxembourg+et+Comte+de+Chiny&amp;rft.pages=39&amp;rft.pub=A.+Chevalier&amp;rft.date=1742&amp;rft.aulast=Bertholet&amp;rft.aufirst=Jean&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5odcAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPR39&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Acton" title="Harold Acton">Acton, Harold</a> (1980). <i>The Last Medici</i>. Macmillan. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-29315-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-29315-0">0-333-29315-0</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselme1726" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n9lEAAAAcAAJ"><i>Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France</i></a> &#91;<i>Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France</i>&#93; (in French). Vol.&#160;1 (3rd&#160;ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Histoire+g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique+et+chronologique+de+la+maison+royale+de+France&amp;rft.place=Paris&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=La+compagnie+des+libraires&amp;rft.date=1726&amp;rft.aulast=Anselme+de+Sainte-Marie&amp;rft.aufirst=P%C3%A8re&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn9lEAAAAcAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hibbert" title="Christopher Hibbert">Hibbert, Christopher</a> (1979). <i>The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici</i>. Penguin. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-005090-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-005090-5">978-0-14-005090-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOresko2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Oresko, Robert (2004). "Maria Giovanna Battista of Savoy-Nemours (1644–1724): daughter, consort, and Regent of Savoy". In Campbell Orr, Clarissa (ed.). <i>Queenship in Europe 1660–1815: The Role of the Consort</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;16–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81422-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81422-7"><bdi>0-521-81422-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Maria+Giovanna+Battista+of+Savoy-Nemours+%281644%E2%80%931724%29%3A+daughter%2C+consort%2C+and+Regent+of+Savoy&amp;rft.btitle=Queenship+in+Europe+1660%E2%80%931815%3A+The+Role+of+the+Consort&amp;rft.pages=16-55&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-81422-7&amp;rft.aulast=Oresko&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMarguerite+Louise+d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Pitts, Vincent Joseph (2000). <i>La Grande Mademoiselle at the Court of France</i>. The Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-6466-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-6466-6">0-8018-6466-6</a>.</li> <li>Strathern, Paul (2003). <i>The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance</i>. Vintage. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952297-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-952297-3">978-0-09-952297-3</a>.</li> <li>Young, G. F. (1920). <i>The Medici: Volume II</i>. John Murray.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marguerite_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Marguerite Louise d&#39;Orléans">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Marguerite Louise d&#39;Orléans </div><div><b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a></b></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></b></div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"><b>Born:</b> 28 July 1645</span><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em">&#160;<b>Died:</b> 17 September 1721</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #65BCFF"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">Italian royalty</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere" title="Vittoria della Rovere">Vittoria della Rovere</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of consorts of Tuscany">Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany</a> </b><br />23 May 1670 – 17 September 1721 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b><div style="font-size:90%">Title next held by</div><b><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg">Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Template:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Template talk:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses_of_France_(House_of_Bourbon)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princesses of France (House of Bourbon)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Princesses_of_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Princesses of France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Only includes Princesses of the House of Bourbon before the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>, excepted the issue of <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_Spain" title="Philip V of Spain">Philip V of Spain</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation (<a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry IV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Daughters of France</a></b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_France,_Queen_of_Spain" title="Elisabeth of France, Queen of Spain">Élisabeth, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_of_France" title="Christine of France">Christine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Maria_of_France" title="Henrietta Maria of France">Henriette Marie, Queen of England</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prince_du_Sang" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince du Sang">Princesses of the Blood</a></b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Bourbon" title="Éléonore de Bourbon">Éléonore de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_de_Bourbon" title="Louise de Bourbon">Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Duchesse of Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Bourbon,_Countess_of_Soissons" title="Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons">Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Fils_de_France" title="Fils de France">Granddaughters of France</a></b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duchess_of_Montpensier" title="Anne Marie Louise d&#39;Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier">Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Marguerite_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Marguerite d&#39;Orléans">Élisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Guise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Madeleine_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Françoise Madeleine d&#39;Orléans">Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d&#39;Orléans">Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Chartres</a></li> <li><b>Princess of the Blood</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Anne_Genevi%C3%A8ve_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Geneviève de Bourbon">Anne Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Longueville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France_(1667%E2%80%931672)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie Thérèse of France (1667–1672)">Marie Therèse, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><b>Granddaughters of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise d&#39;Orléans">Marie Louise d'Orléans, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Anne Marie d&#39;Orléans">Anne Marie d'Orléans, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Charlotte_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Élisabeth Charlotte d&#39;Orléans">Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Dauphin" title="Louis, Grand Dauphin">Louis, Grand Dauphin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth d&#39;Orléans">Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Duchess of Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Adélaïde d&#39;Orléans">Louise Adélaïde d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Agla%C3%A9_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Charlotte Aglaé d&#39;Orléans">Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans, Duchess of Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Élisabeth d&#39;Orléans">Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, Queen of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_%C3%89lisabeth_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Philippine Élisabeth d&#39;Orléans">Philippine Élisabeth d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Diane_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Diane d&#39;Orléans">Louise Diane d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Thérèse de Bourbon">Marie Thérèse de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_de_Bourbon" title="Anne Marie de Bourbon">Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon">Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, Duchess of Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon_(1689%E2%80%931720)" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon (1689–1720)">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon_(1696%E2%80%931750)" title="Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (1696–1750)"> Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon-Conti, mademoiselle de la Roche-sur-Yon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy">Louis, Duke of Burgundy</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Marie d&#39;Orléans">Louise Marie d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_%C3%89l%C3%A9onore_de_Bourbon" title="Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon">Marie Anne Éléonore de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon">Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon-Condé, Princess of Conti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Anne_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Anne de Bourbon">Louise Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Charolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_de_Bourbon_(1697%E2%80%931741)" title="Marie Anne de Bourbon (1697–1741)">Marie Anne de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Clermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_Louise_de_Bourbon" title="Henriette Louise de Bourbon">Henriette Louise de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Vermandois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Alexandrine_de_Bourbon" title="Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon">Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon-Condé, mademoiselle de Sens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Henriette_de_Bourbon" title="Louise Henriette de Bourbon">Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti, Duchess of Orléans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XV" title="Louis XV">Louis XV</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Louise-%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Louise-Élisabeth of France">Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henriette_of_France" title="Henriette of France">Madame Henriette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_of_France" title="Marie Louise of France">Louise, Madame Troisième</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_France" title="Adélaïde of France">Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France" title="Victoire of France">Madame Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_France" title="Sophie of France">Sophie, Duchess of Louvois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_France" title="Thérèse of France">Madame Thérèse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_of_France" title="Louise of France">Madame Louise</a></li> <li><b>Princess of the Blood</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Bathilde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Bathilde d&#39;Orléans">Bathilde d'Orléans, Duchess of Bourbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis,_Dauphin_of_France_(1729%E2%80%931765)" title="Louis, Dauphin of France (1729–1765)">Louis, Dauphin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Z%C3%A9phyrine_of_France" title="Marie Zéphyrine of France">Marie Zéphyrine, Madame Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France">Marie Clotilde, Queen of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Madame Élisabeth</a></li> <li><b>Princesses of the Blood</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Adélaïde d&#39;Orléans">Adélaïde of Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon_(1757%E2%80%931824)" title="Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon (1757–1824)">Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon, mademoiselle de Condé</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation (<a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Daughters of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Marie-Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se,_Duchess_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême">Marie-Thérèse, Duchess of Angoulême</a></li> <li><b>Granddaughter of France</b>&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Sophie_d%27Artois" title="Sophie d&#39;Artois">Sophie, Mademoiselle d'Artois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Louise_d%27Artois" title="Princess Louise d&#39;Artois">Louise d'Artois</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Template:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Template talk:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tuscan princesses by marriage"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tuscan_princesses_by_marriage" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tuscan princesses by marriage</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Generations are numbered from the daughters-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Cosimo_I_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosimo I de&#39; Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany">Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Archduchess Joanna of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_di_Garzia_di_Toledo" title="Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo">Eleonora di Garzia di Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria">Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Marguerite Louise d'Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Luisa_Gonzaga" title="Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga">Eleonora Luisa Gonzaga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violante_Beatrice_of_Bavaria" title="Violante Beatrice of Bavaria">Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg">Duchess Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>None</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Isabella_of_Parma" title="Princess Isabella of Parma">Princess Isabella of Parma</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_of_Bavaria" title="Maria Josepha of Bavaria">Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Beatrice_d%27Este,_Duchess_of_Massa" title="Maria Beatrice d&#39;Este, Duchess of Massa">Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Elisabeth_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg">Duchess Elisabeth of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Henrietta_of_Nassau-Weilburg" title="Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg">Princess Henrietta of Nassau-Weilburg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia">Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Hermine_of_Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym" title="Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym">Princess Hermine of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchess_Maria_Dorothea_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg">Duchess Maria Dorothea of Württemberg</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_of_Savoy" title="Princess Elisabeth of Savoy">Princess Elisabeth of Savoy</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Saxony_(1799%E2%80%931832)" title="Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799–1832)">Princess Maria Anna of Saxony</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Anna_of_Saxony_(1836%E2%80%931859)" title="Princess Anna of Saxony (1836–1859)">Princess Anna of Saxony</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Immacolata_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies_(1844%E2%80%931899)" title="Princess Maria Immacolata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1844–1899)">Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Cristina_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infanta_Blanca_of_Spain" title="Infanta Blanca of Spain">Infanta Blanca of Spain</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Marie_Valerie_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria">Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Rosemary_of_Salm-Salm" title="Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm">Princess Rosemary of Salm-Salm</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laetitia_d%27Arenberg" title="Laetitia d&#39;Arenberg">Princess Laetitia of Arenberg</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>^<i>did not have a royal or noble title by birth</i><br /><i>* also an archduchess of Austria by marriage</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany" title="Template:Grand Duchesses of Tuscany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany" title="Template talk:Grand Duchesses of Tuscany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grand Duchesses of Tuscany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grand_Duchesses_of_Tuscany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_consorts_of_Tuscany#Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="List of consorts of Tuscany">Grand Duchesses of Tuscany</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_of_Austria,_Grand_Duchess_of_Tuscany" title="Joanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany">Archduchess Joanna of Austria</a> <i>(1574–1578)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Cappello" title="Bianca Cappello">Donna Bianca Cappello</a> (1579–1587)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Lorraine" title="Christina of Lorraine">Princess Christina of Lorraine</a> <i>(1589–1609)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Maddalena_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria">Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria</a> <i>(1609–1621)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittoria_della_Rovere" title="Vittoria della Rovere">Princess Vittoria della Rovere</a> <i>(1634–1670)</i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Princess Marguerite Louise of Orléans</a> <i>(1670–1721)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Franziska_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg">Duchess Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> <i>(1689–1728)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria</a> <i>(1737–1765)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Luisa_of_Spain" title="Maria Luisa of Spain">Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain</a> <i>(1765–1790)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily</a> <i>(1790–1801)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Ferdinanda_of_Saxony" title="Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony">Princess Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony</a> <i>(1821–1824)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Anna_of_Saxony_(1799%E2%80%931832)" title="Princess Maria Anna of Saxony (1799–1832)">Princess Maria Anna of Saxony</a> <i>(1824–1832)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Maria_Antonia_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies">Princess Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies</a> <i>(1833–1859)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268349#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268349#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268349#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000035055563">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16527675">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/4811153472525745360005">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/405387/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgmHcvMRck3pqJHPQRtKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1017481237">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n97865439">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14976964w">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14976964w">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/qn2450q82xx9xv6">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810567921205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&amp;url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&amp;id=495/63557">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&amp;role=&amp;nation=&amp;subjectid=500353972">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="MARGHERITA LUISA d’Orléans, granduchessa di Toscana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/margherita-luisa-d-orleans-granduchessa-di-toscana_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd1017481237.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/091625688">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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