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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Type</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Type-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Type subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Type-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Book_to_film_unit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_to_film_unit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Book to film unit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_to_film_unit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_and_profit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_and_profit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operation and profit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_and_profit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Staffing,_funds,_and_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Staffing,_funds,_and_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Staffing, funds, and equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Staffing,_funds,_and_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Deals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="شركة إنتاج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شركة إنتاج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productora_audiovisual" title="Productora audiovisual – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Productora audiovisual" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comhlacht_l%C3%A9iri%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Comhlacht léiriúcháin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Comhlacht léiriúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EC%9E%91%EC%82%AC" title="제작사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제작사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_produksi" title="Rumah produksi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rumah produksi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syarikat_penerbitan" title="Syarikat penerbitan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Syarikat penerbitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productiehuis" title="Productiehuis – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Productiehuis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E4%BD%9C%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%80%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="制作プロダクション – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="制作プロダクション" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%9B%D0%B0" title="Продуцентска кућа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Продуцентска кућа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தயாரிப்பு நிறுவனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தயாரிப்பு நிறுவனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Продюсерська компанія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Продюсерська компанія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B_ch%E1%BA%BF_t%C3%A1c" title="Đơn vị chế tác – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đơn vị chế tác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E7%89%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="制片公司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="制片公司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A3%BD%E7%89%87%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="製片公司 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="製片公司" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh 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title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Overall_deal&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Overall deal">Overall deal</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Company or studio that produces media</div> <p>A <b>production company</b>, <b>production house</b>, <b>production studio</b>, or a <b>production team</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">studio</a> that creates works in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">performing arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_media_art" title="New media art">new media art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_show" title="Television show">television</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comics" title="Comics">comics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interactive_art" title="Interactive art">interactive arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">websites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a>. These groups consist of technical staff and members to produce the media, and are often <a href="/wiki/Incorporation_(business)" title="Incorporation (business)">incorporated</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">commercial publisher</a>. </p><p>Generally the term refers to all individuals responsible for the technical aspects of creating a particular product, regardless of where in the process their expertise is required, or how long they are involved in the project. For example, in a theatrical performance, the production team has not only the <a href="/wiki/Running_crew" title="Running crew">running crew</a>, but also the <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_producer" title="Theatrical producer">theatrical producer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Designer" title="Designer">designers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Theatre_director" title="Theatre director">theatrical direction</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tasks_and_functions">Tasks and functions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Tasks and functions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The production company may be directly responsible for fundraising the production or may accomplish this through a <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a>, partner, or private investor. It handles budgeting, scheduling, scripting, the <a href="/wiki/Casting_(performing_arts)" title="Casting (performing arts)">supply with talent and resources</a>, the organization of staff, the production itself, <a href="/wiki/Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a>, distribution, and <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production companies are often either owned or under contract with a <a href="/wiki/Media_conglomerate" title="Media conglomerate">media conglomerate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">film studio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">record label</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">video game publisher</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a> company, due to the <a href="/wiki/Concentration_of_media_ownership" title="Concentration of media ownership">concentration of media ownership</a>, who act as the <i>production company'</i>s partner or <a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">parent company</a>. This has become known as the "studio system". <a href="/wiki/Independent_studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent studios">Independent studios</a> usually prefer <i>production house</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Lionsgate" title="Lionsgate">Lionsgate</a>), <i>production studio</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Studios">Amazon Studios</a>), or <i>production team</i> (see <a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a>). In the case of television, a production <a href="/wiki/Company" title="Company">company</a> would serve under a <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television network</a>. Production companies can work together in <a href="/wiki/Co-production_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-production (filmmaking)">co-productions</a>. In music, the term production team typically refers to a group of individuals filling the role of "<a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">record producer</a>" usually reserved for one individual. Some examples of musical production teams include <a href="/wiki/Matmos" title="Matmos">Matmos</a> and <a href="/wiki/D-Influence" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Influence">D-Influence</a>. </p><p>The aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">publishing</a> conglomerates distribute said creative works, but it is not uncommon for production companies to act as a <a href="/wiki/Publication" title="Publication">publication</a>. For example, <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">The Walt Disney Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> act as publisher for <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_Planning_%26_Development" title="Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development">Nintendo Entertainment Planning & Development</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Self-publishing" title="Self-publishing">Self-publishing</a>, in this case, should not be confused with a self-publishing <a href="/wiki/Vanity_press" title="Vanity press">vanity press</a> which are paid services. Both large and small production studios have an <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board" title="Editorial board">editorial board</a> or <a href="/wiki/Editor-in-chief" title="Editor-in-chief">editor-in-chief</a>, along with other forms of a <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">command hierarchy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Type">Type</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Type"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entertainment companies operate as mini <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>, operating many divisions or subsidiaries in many different industries. <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Entertainment">Warner Bros. Entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lionsgate_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lionsgate Entertainment">Lionsgate Entertainment</a> are two companies with this corporate structure. It allows for a single company to maintain control over seemingly unrelated companies that fall within the ranges of entertainment, which increases and centralises the revenue into one company (example: a film production company, TV production company, video game company, and comic book company are all owned by a single entertainment company). A motion picture company, such as <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, specializing "only" in motion pictures is only connected with its other counterpart industries through its parent company. Instead of performing a corporate reorganization, many motion picture companies often have sister companies they collaborate with in other industries that are subsidiaries owned by their parent company and is often not involved in the making of products that are not motion picture related. A film production company can either operate as an affiliate (under a contract) or as a subsidiary for an entertainment company, motion picture company, television network, or all, and are generally smaller than the company they are partnered with. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Book_to_film_unit">Book to film unit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Book to film unit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A book to film unit is a unit of a book publishing company for the purposes of getting books that they published <a href="/wiki/Film_adaptation" title="Film adaptation">adapted into film</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background">Background</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Films have been using books as a prime source for films for years. In 2012, six out of the nine best picture Oscar nominees were originally books. Previously, publishers did not develop their books into movie nor receive any of the profits. Neither Scholastic or Little Brown, get any box office revenue from the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter" title="Harry Potter">Harry Potter</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Twilight_Saga_(film_series)" title="The Twilight Saga (film series)">The Twilight Saga</a> movies just through book sales. As the publishers faced decreasing revenue due to increased competition from self-published e-books, or <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> moving into the publishing field, publishers have started to enter the film and TV production business to boost their net income<sup id="cite_ref-thr_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Amazon attempting to compete there too. More screenwriters are turning to book publishers to get their screenplay published as a book, so as to have a boost in their attempt to have the screenplay turned into a movie, given that it is a known product after the book.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Publisher <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>, though not involved with film and TV, shares possible film and TV deals with CBS (S&S is owned by <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Global" title="Paramount Global">Paramount Global</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alloy_Entertainment" title="Alloy Entertainment">Alloy Entertainment</a> while not a unit of a publisher started using a book packaging to film model of film and TV development by developing the property in-house, hire authors for the books and films, so as to own the property. Random House was the first big six book publisher to establish a book to film unit, <a href="/wiki/Random_House_Studio" title="Random House Studio">Random House Films</a>, in 2005 with a <a href="/wiki/Focus_Features" title="Focus Features">Focus Features</a> deal under a development and co-finance plan.<sup id="cite_ref-thr_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books#Macmillan_Entertainment" title="Thomas Dunne Books">Macmillan Films</a> was launched by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dunne_Books" title="Thomas Dunne Books">Thomas Dunne Books</a> in October 2010 under the packaging model similar to Alloy while also moving to get film rights from Dunne's published author.<sup id="cite_ref-dl0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dl0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also that year, Random House changed their strategy to film development and packaging only.<sup id="cite_ref-thr_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Entertainment" title="Condé Nast Entertainment">Condé Nast Entertainment</a> was started by Magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/Conde_Nast" class="mw-redirect" title="Conde Nast">Conde Nast</a> in October 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-thr_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thr-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, Macmillan Films became Macmillan Entertainment with an expansion to look at other divisions' book for possible films.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation_and_profit">Operation and profit</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Operation and profit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A production company is usually run by a producer or director, but can also be run by a career executive. In entertainment, a production company relies highly on <a href="/wiki/Celebrity" title="Celebrity">talent</a> or a well known entertainment franchise to raise the value of an entertainment project and draw out larger audiences. This gives the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Entertainment industry">entertainment industry</a> a democratized power structure to ensure that both the companies and talent receive their fair share of pay and recognition for work done on a production. </p><p>The entertainment industry is centered on funding (investments from studios, investment firms, or individuals either from earnings from previous productions or personal wealth), projects (scripts and entertainment franchises), and talent (<a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actors</a>, directors, <a href="/wiki/Screenwriters" class="mw-redirect" title="Screenwriters">screenwriters</a>, and crew). Production companies are judged and ranked based on the amount of funding it has, as well the productions it has completed or been involved with in the past. If a production company has major funding either through earnings, studio investors, or private investors, and has done or been involved with big budget productions in the past, it is considered to be a major production company. These companies often work with well-known and expensive talent. If a production company does not have much funding and has not done or been involved with any big budget productions, it is considered to be a small production company. These companies often work with up and coming talent. </p><p>Small production companies will either grow to become a major production company, a <a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">subsidiary</a> completely owned by another company, remain small, or fail. The success of an entertainment production company is centered on the projects it produces, the talent it can acquire, and the performance of the talent. <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">Marketing</a> is also a major factor. All films, as a tradition, are often marketed around the image and the performance of the actors; with an option of marketing the behind the scenes crew such as the directors and screenwriters. Unlike many other businesses, a production company does not rely on an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Revenue_stream" title="Revenue stream">revenue stream</a>, they operate on ongoing investments; this often requires a parent company or a private corporate investment entity (see <a href="/wiki/Legendary_Entertainment" title="Legendary Entertainment">Legendary Pictures</a>). Their only source of profit comes from the productions they produce. Because entertainment and media are currently in "high demand", a production company can profit if its <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a> is capable of using its resources to supply good quality products and services to the public. Many entertainment production companies <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> their entertainment projects. An entertainment project can either become a "one time hit" or an ongoing "entertainment <a href="/wiki/Media_franchise" title="Media franchise">franchise</a>" that can be continued, remade, <a href="/wiki/Reboot_(fiction)" title="Reboot (fiction)">rebooted</a>, or expanded into other sister industries; such as the video game industry (see <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i>). Entertainment projects can be either an original or an adaptation from another industry. </p><p>In rare occasional cases, a few troubled major studios would also shed their distribution and/or marketing staffs, mainly due to reduced resources, and resort to co-investing and/or co-distributing film projects with larger studios, operating as virtual, production-only movie studios. Notable examples include legendary studio <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a>, which, after many years of box office flops (mostly with low budgets), bad management and distribution, and bankruptcy, was restructured at the end of 2010 under new management and currently struck deals with some of the Big Six studios (most notably the <a href="/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Motion_Picture_Group" title="Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group">Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a>); <a href="/wiki/Miramax" title="Miramax">Miramax</a>, which was downsized by former owner <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> into a smaller division. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Staffing,_funds,_and_equipment"><span id="Staffing.2C_funds.2C_and_equipment"></span>Staffing, funds, and equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Staffing, funds, and equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because a production company is only operational when a production is being produced and most of the talent and crew are <a href="/wiki/Freelance" class="mw-redirect" title="Freelance">freelancers</a>, many production companies are only required to hire <a href="/wiki/Management" title="Management">management</a> staff that helps to oversee the company's daily activities. In some cases, a production company can be run by only a handful of people. The company's funds are mainly committed towards employing talent, crew, and acquiring new updated production equipment on a regular basis. Many productions often require at least one to two cameras and lighting equipment for on location shooting. Production equipment is either leased or purchased from another production company or directly from the manufacturer. In the entertainment industry, in order to secure experienced professional talent and crew, production companies often become a signatory company to that talent or crew members "guild". By becoming a signatory company, it agrees to abide by the guild regulations. All big budget guild productions are exclusive to guild members and non guild members are not allowed to participate in these productions unless authorized by the guild. Productions with smaller budgets are allowed to use both guild talent and talent from the public. The majority of the talent and crew working in the entertainment industry are members of their professions guild. Most productions in the entertainment industry are guild productions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A production company is responsible for the development and filming of a specific production or media broadcast. In entertainment, the production process begins with the development of a specific project. Once a final script has been produced by the screenwriters, the production enters into the <a href="/wiki/Pre-production" title="Pre-production">pre-production</a> phase, most productions never reach this phase for financing or talent reasons. In pre-production, the actors are signed on and prepared for their roles, crew is signed on, shooting locations are found, sets are built or acquired, and the proper shooting permits are acquired for on location shooting. Actors and crew are hand picked by the producer, director, and casting director, who often use collaborators or referenced personnel to prevent untrusted or unwelcomed people from gaining access to a specific production and compromising the entire production through leaks. Once a production enters into principal photography, it begins filming. Productions are almost never cancelled once they reach this phase. Codenames are often used on bigger productions during filming to conceal the production's shooting locations for both privacy and safety reasons. In many cases, the director, producers, and the leading actors are often the only people with access to a full or majority of a single script. Supporting actors, background actors, and crew often never receive a full copy of a specific script to prevent leaks. Productions are often shot in secured studios, with limited to no public access, but they are also shot on location on secured sets or locations. Due to the exposure, when shooting in public locations, major productions often employ security to ensure the protection of the talent and crew working on a specific production. After filming is completed, the production enters into post production, which is handled by a post production company and overseen by the production company. The editing, musical score, visual effects, re-recording of the dialog, and sound effects are "mixed" to create the final film, which is then screened at the final screening. Marketing is also launched during this phase, such as the release of trailers and posters. Once a final film has been approved, the film is taken over by the distributors, who then release the film. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_details">Other details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For legal reasons, it is common within the entertainment industry for production companies not to accept unsolicited materials from any other company, talent, or the general public. It is also common for <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">filmmakers</a> or producers to become <a href="/wiki/Entrepreneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Entrepreneur">entrepreneurs</a> and open their own production companies so that they can have more control over their careers and pay, while acting as an "in-house" creative and business driving force for their company but continuing to freelance as an artist for other companies, if desired. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deals">Deals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Overall_deal"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Overall deal</span></span></b> where a distributor has the rights to all the output of a production company.<sup id="cite_ref-escape_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escape-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The creator is paid in an overall deal regardless if projects are taken to production or not, and all projects developed are owned by the distributor.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-look_deal" title="First-look deal">First-look deal</a> where a network has the right of refusal to all the output of a production company, after which the production company is free to shop the project to other distributors.<sup id="cite_ref-escape_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-escape-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild" class="mw-redirect" title="Directors Guild">Directors Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_producer" title="Executive producer">Executive producer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_crew" title="Film crew">Film crew</a>; <a href="/wiki/Production_team" title="Production team">Production team</a>; <a href="/wiki/Television_crew" title="Television crew">Television crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_distributor" title="Film distributor">Film distributor</a>; <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">Broadcast syndication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a>; <a href="/wiki/Video_production" title="Video production">Video production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_production" title="Hip hop production">Hip hop production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impresario" title="Impresario">Impresario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cinematographers_Guild" title="International Cinematographers Guild">International Cinematographers Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_film_production_companies" title="List of film production companies">List of film production companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_production_companies" title="List of television production companies">List of television production companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_film" title="Outline of film">Outline of film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_studio" title="Film studio">Film studio</a>; <a href="/wiki/Television_studio" title="Television studio">Television studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecraft" title="Stagecraft">Stagecraft</a>; <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_producer" title="Theatrical producer">Theatrical producer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Television_producer" title="Television producer">Television producer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">Film producer</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Production_company&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108214216/http://production-companies.net/what-is-a-production-company/">"What is a Production Company and Why Do I Need One?"</a>. Production-Companies.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://production-companies.net/what-is-a-production-company/">the original</a> on 8 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+Production+Company+and+Why+Do+I+Need+One%3F&rft.pub=Production-Companies.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproduction-companies.net%2Fwhat-is-a-production-company%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thr-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thr_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thr_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thr_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thr_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2012" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Andy (February 23, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lay-the-favorite-bruce-willis-twilight-harry-potter-book-rights-294627">"How Publishers Bolster Their Bottom Line by Retaining Film Rights"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317163209/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/lay-the-favorite-bruce-willis-twilight-harry-potter-book-rights-294627">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=How+Publishers+Bolster+Their+Bottom+Line+by+Retaining+Film+Rights&rft.date=2012-02-23&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Flay-the-favorite-bruce-willis-twilight-harry-potter-book-rights-294627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2013" class="citation news cs1">Harvey, Ellen (November 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookbusinessmag.com/blog/will-book-publishers-make-good-tv-film-producers">"Why Hollywood screenwriters are detouring to books in quest for film work"</a>. <i>Book Business</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505112243/http://www.bookbusinessmag.com/blog/will-book-publishers-make-good-tv-film-producers">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L.A.+Biz&rft.atitle=Why+Hollywood+screenwriters+are+detouring+to+books+in+quest+for+film+work&rft.date=2012-09-18&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Flosangeles%2Fnews%2F2012%2F09%2F18%2Fwhy-screenwriters-are-detouring-to.html%3Fpage%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrachtenberg2013" class="citation news cs1">Trachtenberg, Jeffrey A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Publisher+Makes+TV+Play&rft.date=2013-08-18&rft.aulast=Trachtenberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424127887323455104579017242094248698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dl0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dl0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2010" class="citation news cs1">Fleming, Mike Jr. (October 4, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2010/10/macmillan-starts-filmtv-division-to-produce-book-based-fare-72147/">"Macmillan Publishers Starts Film/TV Unit"</a>. <i>Deadline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331062442/http://www.deadline.com/2010/10/macmillan-starts-filmtv-division-to-produce-book-based-fare/">Archived</a> from the original on March 31, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=publishersweekly&rft.atitle=Macmillan+Expands+Book-to-Film+Unit&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publishersweekly.com%2Fpw%2Fby-topic%2Findustry-news%2Fpage-to-screen%2Farticle%2F59802-macmillan-expands-book-to-film-unit-macmillan-entertainment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2013" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Andy (November 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/macmillan-publishers-expands-film-division-652493">"Macmillan Publishers Expands Film Division"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317163212/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/macmillan-publishers-expands-film-division-652493">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Macmillan+Publishers+Expands+Film+Division&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fmacmillan-publishers-expands-film-division-652493&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-escape-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-escape_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-escape_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920093026/http://filmescape.com/whats-the-difference-between-an-overall-deal-and-a-first-look-deal">"What's the Difference Between an Overall Deal and a First Look Deal?"</a>. Filmescape.com. October 31, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filmescape.com/whats-the-difference-between-an-overall-deal-and-a-first-look-deal">the original</a> on 2017-09-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919063941/https://nofilmschool.com/what-is-an-overall-deal">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=No+Film+School&rft.atitle=What+Are+Overall+Deals+and+How+Do+You+Get+Them%3F+%7C+No+Film+School&rft.date=2019-08-08&rft.aulast=Hellerman&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnofilmschool.com%2Fwhat-is-an-overall-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCullins2024" class="citation web cs1">Cullins, Ashley (May 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theankler.com/p/death-of-tvs-overall-deals-as-we">"Death of TV's Overall Deals (As We Knew Them)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ankler" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ankler">The Ankler</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240523232756/https://theankler.com/p/death-of-tvs-overall-deals-as-we">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Ankler&rft.atitle=Death+of+TV%27s+Overall+Deals+%28As+We+Knew+Them%29&rft.date=2024-05-01&rft.aulast=Cullins&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheankler.com%2Fp%2Fdeath-of-tvs-overall-deals-as-we&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProduction+company" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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