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aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="#safety" id="tab4" role="tab" aria-controls="safety" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="#isotopes" id="tab5" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div>  <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Yttrium</h2> <img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/yttrium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Yttrium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-left" /><p>In 1787, army-lieutenant and chemist Carl Axel Arrhenius found a rock in a quarry near the Swedish village of Ytterby which he suspected contained the newly discovered element tungsten. Analysis by other chemists did not bear out his suspicions, but ultimately four new elements were identified from Arrhenius鈥檚 ytterbite. The first of these was recognized as a new oxide by Johan Gadolin in 1787 and named yttria. The new element within this oxide was therefore called yttrium, and today is one of four elements named for the village of Ytterby, the others being <a href="tb.html">terbium</a>, <a href="er.html">erbium</a>, and <a href="yb.html">ytterbium</a>.</p> <p>Yttrium is a fairly common <a href="rare-earths.html">rare earth</a> element and serves an extremely broad range of functions. One of the most widely used yttrium-based materials is <a href="8-yttria-stabilized-zirconia-114168-16-0">yttria-stabilized zirconia</a> (YSZ), an extremely hard, non-reactive ceramic that remains chemically stable even at high temperatures. YSZ can be purchased in the form of water-based ceramic pastes for use by hobbyists, formed into knife blades that are harder than steel, used in restorative dentistry to construct crowns and bridges, and coated on metal components in engines to prolong their life by serving as a thermal barrier. Additionally, YSZ can conduct ions, a property that along with its stability at high temperatures lends it to use as a solid electrolyte in <a href="fuel-cell-materials.html">solid oxide fuel cells</a> as well as in sensors such as those that detect oxygen content of exhaust fumes.</p> <p>In addition to being integral to inherently useful materials like YSZ, yttrium can serve as a major component of substrate crystals and ceramics that can be doped or otherwise manipulated to exhibit useful properties, and can also serve as a dopant itself in some cases. Doping <a href="yttrium-oxide-1314-36-9">yttrium oxide</a>, <a href="neodymium-doped-yttrium-orthovanadate">yttrium orthovanadate</a>, or <a href="yttrium-aluminum-garnet-yag-12005-21-9">yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)</a> with certain lanthanide ions yields phosphors that are used in television and computer display screens in as well as in lighting applications. Notably, <a href="yttrium-oxide-europium-doped-68585-82-0">europium-doped yttrium</a> lattices produce red phosphorescence that is essential for modern color screens, and <a href="cerium-doped-yttrium-aluminum-garnet-163584-80-3">cerium-doped YAG</a> is used in the production of white LEDs. <a href="yttrium-iron-garnet-yig-12063-56-8">Yttrium iron garnets</a> exhibit a range of properties, including the Faraday effect, low absorption of infrared wavelengths, and a high Q factor for microwave frequencies, that make them useful for microwave communications devices and magneto-optical systems. Yttrium oxide, yttrium orthovanadate, <a href="yttrium-lithium-fluoride-39345-89-6">yttrium lithium fluoride</a>, yttrium iron garnet and yttrium aluminum garnet can all be used in combination with appropriate dopants as gain media for lasers. YAG crystals have also been used as gemstone simulants, but have served this function less since the introduction of synthetic cubic <a href="zirconium-oxide-1314-23-4">zirconia</a>. </p> <p>As a dopant, yttrium is used to impart shock resistance and low thermal expansion to <a href="optical-materials.html">glasses</a> and ceramics, including the glass used in many camera lenses. In <a href="alloys.html">metal alloys</a>, it generally improves workability and resistance to crystallization and to oxidation at high temperatures. It is specifically used to reduce grain size in alloys of <a href="cr.html">chromium</a>, <a href="mo.html">molybdenum</a>, <a href="ti.html">titanium</a>, and <a href="zr.html">zirconium</a>, increase strength of <a href="al.html">aluminum</a> and <a href="mg.html">magnesium</a>, and to produce nodular cast iron, which has increased ductility as compared to conventional cast iron.</p> <p>Aside from these major industrial functions, yttrium has a few other applications. Several yttrium compounds are notable for their ability to function as superconductors up to relatively high temperatures. In particular, <a href="yttrium-barium-copper-oxide-107539-20-8">yttrium barium copper oxide</a> was the first material known to exhibit superconductivity at a temperature above the boiling point of <a href="nitrogen.html">nitrogen</a>. In medicine, radioactive isotope yttrium-90 is used in cancer treatment and for some types of high-precision surgeries. Yttrium catalysts are used in the polymerization of ethylene. Yttrium is sometimes also found in the electrodes of spark plugs and mantles for propane lanterns.</p> <p>Yttrium is found in most <a href="rare-earths.html">rare earth</a> minerals and some <a href="uu.htm">uranium</a> ores. Despite having a lower atomic weight than even the light rare earths (LREE), it behaves more like a heavy rare earth element (HREE), and occurs in the highest concentrations in minerals rich in HREEs, most notably xenotime. It can be found in smaller quantities in LREE-rich minerals like monazite and bastnasite, and can make up a significant percentage of rare earth concentrates derived from ion adsorption clays. Pure yttrium oxide is usually isolated from mixed rare earth oxide ores by dissolving them in sulfuric acid and fractionating the mixture by ion exchange chromatography. </p> </div> <div class="tab-pane active" id="products" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Products</h2> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#compound-products"><span class="panel-title">Compounds</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="compound-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"><a href="barium-yttrium-zirconate-163294-84-6">Barium Yttrium Zirconate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="nickel-cermet">Nickel Cermet</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-acetate-304675-69-2">Yttrium Acetate Hydrate</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-acetate-solution-304675-69-2">Yttrium 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(Yb:YAG)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-aluminum-oxide-12005-21-9">Yttrium Aluminum Oxide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-aluminum-perovskite-doped-with-cerium">Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite, Ce-doped (Ce:YAP)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="erbium-doped-yttrium-aluminum-perovskite-er-yap">Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite, Er-doped (Er:YAP)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-aluminum-perovskite-doped-with-thulium">Yttrium Aluminum Perovskite, Tm-doped (Tm:YAP)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-antimonide-1216-97-9">Yttrium Antimonide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-arsenide-12255-48-0">Yttrium Arsenide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-iron-garnet-yig-12063-56-8">Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="holmium-doped-yttrium-lithium-fluoride">Yttrium Lithium Fluoride, Holmium-doped (Ho:YLF)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a 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Orthovanadate, Ytterbium-doped (Yb:YVO<sub>4</sub>)</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-oxide-europium-doped-68585-82-0">Yttrium Oxide, Europium Doped</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-oxysulfide-11099-13-1">Yttrium Oxysulfide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-phosphide-12294-01-8">Yttrium Phosphide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-selenide-12036-87-2">Yttrium Selenide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-sulfide-12039-19-9">Yttrium Sulfide</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-telluride-12166-71-1">Yttrium Telluride</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading activate-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sputtering-target-products"><span class="panel-title">Sputtering Targets</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="sputtering-target-products" class="panel-body collapse row"> <ul class="grid grid3 no-dot"> <li class="product"> <a href="aluminum-yttrium-sputtering-target">Aluminum Yttrium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="barium-cerium-yttrium-zirconate-sputtering-target">Barium Cerium Yttrium Zirconate Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="barium-yttrium-zirconate-sputtering-target-163294-84-6">Barium Yttrium Zirconate Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="cerium-yttrium-ferrite-sputtering-target">Cerium Yttrium Ferrite Sputtering Target </a></li> <li class="product"><a href="chromium-aluminum-yttrium-alloy-sputtering-target">Chromium Aluminum Yttrium Alloy Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"><a href="cobalt-iron-yttrium-sputtering-target">Cobalt Iron Yttrium Sputtering Target </a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="hafnium-oxide-yttrium-oxide-sputtering-target">Hafnium Oxide:Yttrium Oxide Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="hafnium-yttrium-sputtering-target">Hafnium Yttrium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li 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href="yttrium-zirconium-magnesium-sputtering-target">Yttrium Zirconium Magnesium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="yttrium-zirconium-sputtering-target">Yttrium Zirconium Sputtering Target</a></li> <li class="product"> <a href="zirconium-yttrium-sputtering-target">Zirconium Yttrium Sputtering Target</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="openclose"> <div class="openall">+ Open All</div> <div class="closeall">- Close All</div> </div> </div> <div id="products-intro"> <p> Yttrium's most important use is in making phosphors which are used in CRT displays and in LEDs. Yttrium is also used in the production of superconductors, electrodes, electrolytes, electronic filters, and lasers. Yttria stabilized zirconium oxide is used in high temperature applications, such as in thermal plasma sprays to protect aerospace high temperature surfaces. <a href="yttrium-oxide-powder-1314-36-9"><img src="yttrium-oxide-powder.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Yttrium Oxide (Y2O3) Powder" width="89" height="113" class="image-left" /></a>Crystals of the yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) variety are essential to microwave communication equipment and yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystals are used as laser gain media. <a href="yttrium-sputtering-target-7440-65-5"><img src="yttrium-sputtering-target.png" alt="High Purity (99.999%) Yttrium (Y) Sputtering Target" width="115" height="110" class="image-right"></a>Yttrium is available as <a href="yttrium-metal-7440-65-5">metal</a> and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to <a href="Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">ultra-high purity</a>). Metallic forms include <a href="yttrium-pellets-7440-65-5">pellets</a>, <a href="yttrium-rod-7440-65-5">rod</a>, <a href="yttrium-wire-7440-65-5">wire</a> and <a href="yttrium-granules-7440-65-5">granules</a> for evaporation source material purposes. Yttrium <a href="yttrium-nanoparticles-7440-65-5">nanoparticles and nanopowders</a> provide ultra-high surface area. Yttrium oxides is available in <a href="yttrium-oxide-powder-1314-36-9">powder</a> and dense<a href="yttrium-oxide-pellets-1314-36-9"> pellet</a> form for such uses as optical coating and thin film applications.<a href="oxides.html"> Oxides</a> tend to be insoluble. <a href="Fluorides.html">Fluorides</a> are another insoluble form for uses in which oxygen is undesirable such as metallurgy, chemical and physical vapor deposition and in some optical coatings. Yttrium is also available in soluble forms including <a href="yttrium-chloride-10025-94-2">yttrium chloride</a>, <a href="yttrium-nitrate-13494-98-9">nitrate</a> and <a href="yttrium-acetate-304675-69-2">acetate</a>. These compounds can be manufactured as <a href="solutions">solutions</a> at specified stoichiometries.</p> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Yttrium Properties</h2> <p><img src="yttrium-block.png" alt="Yttrium(Y) atomic and molecular weight, atomic number and elemental symbol" hspace="10" class="image-left" /><strong>Yttrium</strong> is a Block D, Group 3, Period 5 element. The number of electrons in each of yttrium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d<sup>1</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup>. The yttrium atom has a radius of 177.6.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. <img src="yttrium-bohr.jpg" alt="Yttrium Bohr Model" width="83" height="88" class="image-right" />In its elemental form, CAS 7440-65-5, Yttrium has a silvery white appearance. Yttrium has the highest affinity for oxygen of any element. <a href="yy.html"><img src="elemental-yttrium.png" alt="Elemental Yttrium" width="79" height="81" class="image-left" /></a> This characteristic is the basis for many of its applications. Yttrium is not found in nature as a free element and is almost always found combined with the <a href="la.html">lanthanides</a> in rare earth minerals. While not part of the <a href="rare-earths.html">rare earth series</a>, it resembles the heavy rare earths which are sometimes referred to as the "yttrics" for this reason. Another unique characteristic derives from its ability to form crystals with useful properties. Yttrium was first discovered by Johan Gadolin in 1794. The name yttrium originated from a Swedish village near Vaxholm called Ytterby where the ore from which it as first isolated was discovered.</p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Y</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>39</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>88.90585</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>transition metal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>3, 5, d</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery white</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Ittrio, Itrio</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>1526 掳C, 2779 掳F, 1799 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>3336 掳C, 6037 掳F, 3609 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>4.472 g路cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>4.24 g路cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>4.47 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>4472 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>0.068 Cal/g/K @ 25 掳C</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>1.3 [or -271.85 掳C (-457.33 掳F)] (under pressure) K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>17.2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>367.4</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>420.45</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>17.2 W·m<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(r.t.) (poly) 10.6 碌m/(m路K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(r.t.) (poly) 596 nΩ路m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>67 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>26.53 J·mol<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>63.5 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>25.6 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>41.2 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>0.243</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>589 MPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>(20 掳C) 3300 m路s<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.22</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>0.65</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.11</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>2.78</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>39</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>39</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Kr] 4d<sup>1</sup> 5s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>180 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br /> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.32</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>190卤7 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.76</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>200 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>3, 2, 1 (weakly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>hexagonal close-packed</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>29.611</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>599.86 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1180.99 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1979.89 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-65-5</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>231-174-8</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>MFCD00011468</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Y]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Y</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23993</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22429</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>0.013</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.0009</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>29000</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>6700</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>430</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>0.6</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>1900</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>430</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>0.1</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Johan Gadolin</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1794</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Carl Gustav Mosander (1840)</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="safety" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab4"> <h2>Health, Safety & Transportation Information for Yttrium</h2> <p>Insoluble compounds of Yttrium are non-toxic, although water soluble compounds are somewhat toxic. Safety data for Yttrium and its compounds can vary widely depending on the form. For potential hazard information, toxicity, and road, sea and air transportation limitations, such as DOT Hazard Class, DOT Number, EU Number, NFPA Health rating and RTECS Class, please see the specific material or compound referenced in the Products tab. The below information applies to elemental (metallic) Yttrium.</p> <table class="safety-table"> <thead> <tr> <th colspan="2" id="safety-data">Safety Data</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <th><a href="safety-information.html#signalword" >Signal Word </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#hazardstatements" >Hazard Statements </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html#hazardcodes" >Hazard Codes</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#riskcodes" >Risk Codes </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#safetyprecautions" >Safety Precautions </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#rtecs" >RTECS Number </a></th> <td>ZG2980000/td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#transportation" >Transport Information</a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="safety-information.html#wgk" >WGK Germany </a></th> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="hazard-codes.html" >Globally Harmonized System of <br /> Classification and Labelling (GHS) </a></th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion4"> <div class="panel panel-products"><div class="panel-heading panel-heading-sds activate-panel active-panel" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#sds"><span class="panel-title">Review and Print SDS for Yttrium Metal</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div> <div id="sds" class="panel-body collapse in row"> <div class="view view-sds-pane view-id-sds_pane view-display-id-block sds-content view-dom-id-e7d861ab105b3e36232e3796124c33e5"> <div class="view-header"> <div class="link-container"> <span class="print_pdf"><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/printpdf/yttrium-metal-7440-65-5/sds" title="Display a PDF version of this page." class="print-pdf" rel="nofollow">Create Printable PDF</a></span></div> <h2 class="centered">SAFETY DATA SHEET</h2> <div id="sds-date"> <div><strong>Date Created:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> <div><strong>Date Revised:</strong> 05/15/2015</div> </div> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div> <hr><h3>SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p><strong>Product Name:</strong> Yttrium Metal</p> <p><strong>Product Number:</strong> All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. Y-M-025, Y-M-03, Y-M-04, Y-M-05 </p> <p><strong>CAS #:</strong> 7440-65-5 </p> <p><strong>Relevant identified uses of the substance: </strong> Scientific research and development </p> <p>Supplier details:<br /> American Elements<br /> 1093 Broxton Ave. Suite 2000<br /> Los Angeles, CA 90024<br /> Tel: +1 310-208-0551<br /> Fax: +1 310-208-0351<br /> <br /> Emergency telephone number:<br /> Domestic, North America +1 800-424-9300<br /> International +1 703-527-3887</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION</h3> <p>Classification of the substance or mixture<br /> Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> The substance is not classified as hazardous to health or the environment according to the CLP regulation.<br /> Classification according to Directive 67/548/EEC or Directive 1999/45/EC<br /> Not applicable<br /> Information concerning particular hazards for human and environment:<br /> No information known.<br /> Hazards not otherwise classified<br /> No information known.<br /> Label elements<br /> Labelling according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard pictograms<br /> Not applicable<br /> Signal word<br /> Not applicable<br /> Hazard statements<br /> Not applicable<br /> WHMIS classification<br /> Not controlled<br /> Classification system<br /> HMIS ratings (scale 0-4)<br /> (Hazardous Materials Identification System)<br /> HEALTH<br /> FIRE<br /> REACTIVITY<br /> 1<br /> 1<br /> 1<br /> Health (acute effects) = 1<br /> Flammability = 1<br /> Physical Hazard = 1<br /> Other hazards<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS</h3> <p>Chemical characterization: Substances<br /> CAS# Description:<br /> 7440-65-5 Yttrium<br /> Identification number(s):<br /> EC number: 231-174-8</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES</h3> <p>Description of first aid measures<br /> After inhalation<br /> Supply fresh air. If required, provide artificial respiration. Keep patient warm.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After skin contact<br /> Immediately wash with water and soap and rinse thoroughly.<br /> Seek immediate medical advice.<br /> After eye contact<br /> Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Then consult a doctor.<br /> After swallowing<br /> Seek medical treatment.<br /> Information for doctor<br /> Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES </h3> <p>Extinguishing media<br /> Suitable extinguishing agents<br /> Special powder for metal fires. Do not use water.<br /> For safety reasons unsuitable extinguishing agents<br /> Water<br /> Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture<br /> If this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:<br /> Metal oxide fume<br /> Advice for firefighters<br /> Protective equipment:<br /> Wear self-contained respirator.<br /> Wear fully protective impervious suit.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES </h3> <p>Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures<br /> Wear protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.<br /> Ensure adequate ventilation<br /> Environmental precautions:<br /> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Do not allow product to reach sewage system or any water course.<br /> Do not allow to penetrate the ground/soil.<br /> Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:<br /> Pick up mechanically.<br /> Prevention of secondary hazards:<br /> No special measures required.<br /> Reference to other sections<br /> See Section 7 for information on safe handling<br /> See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.<br /> See Section 13 for disposal information.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE </h3> <p>Handling<br /> Precautions for safe handling<br /> Handle under dry protective gas.<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry place in tightly closed containers.<br /> Information about protection against explosions and fires:<br /> No information known.<br /> Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities<br /> Storage<br /> Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles:<br /> No special requirements.<br /> Information about storage in one common storage facility:<br /> Store away from air.<br /> Store away from water/moisture.<br /> Do not store together with acids.<br /> Store away from oxidizing agents.<br /> Store away from halogens.<br /> Store away from acid chlorides.<br /> Further information about storage conditions:<br /> Store under dry inert gas.<br /> This product is moisture sensitive.<br /> This product is air sensitive.<br /> Keep container tightly sealed.<br /> Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.<br /> Protect from humidity and water.<br /> Specific end use(s)<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION </h3> <p>Additional information about design of technical systems:<br /> Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.<br /> Control parameters<br /> Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:<br /> 7440-65-5 yttrium (100.0%)<br /> PEL (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m鲁 as Y<br /> REL (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m鲁 as Y<br /> TLV (USA) Long-term value: 1 mg/m鲁 as Y<br /> EL (Canada) Long-term value: 1 mg/m鲁 as Y<br /> EV (Canada) Long-term value: 1 mg/m鲁 metal and compounds<br /> Additional information: No data<br /> Exposure controls<br /> Personal protective equipment<br /> General protective and hygienic measures<br /> The usual precautionary measures for handling chemicals should be followed.<br /> Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.<br /> Remove all soiled and contaminated clothing immediately.<br /> Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.<br /> Maintain an ergonomically appropriate working environment.<br /> Breathing equipment:<br /> Use suitable respirator when high concentrations are present.<br /> Recommended filter device for short term use:<br /> Use a respirator with type N95 (USA) or PE (EN 143) cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. Risk assessment should be performed to determine if air-purifying respirators are appropriate. Only use equipment tested and approved under appropriate government standards.<br /> Protection of hands: Impervious gloves<br /> Check protective gloves prior to each use for their proper condition.<br /> The selection of suitable gloves not only depends on the material, but also on quality. Quality will vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.<br /> Material of gloves<br /> Nitrile rubber, NBR<br /> Penetration time of glove material (in minutes)<br /> Not determined<br /> Eye protection: Safety glasses<br /> Body protection: Protective work clothing.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES</h3> <p>Information on basic physical and chemical properties<br /> General Information<br /> Appearance:<br /> Form: Solid in various forms<br /> Color: Grey<br /> Odor: Odorless<br /> Odor threshold: Not determined.<br /> pH-value: Not applicable.<br /> Change in condition<br /> Melting point/Melting range: 1522 掳C (2772 掳F)<br /> Boiling point/Boiling range: 3338 掳C (6040 掳F)<br /> Sublimation temperature / start: Not determined<br /> Flammability (solid, gaseous): Not determined.<br /> Ignition temperature: Not determined<br /> Decomposition temperature: Not determined<br /> Auto igniting: Not determined.<br /> Danger of explosion: Not determined.<br /> Explosion limits:<br /> Lower: Not determined<br /> Upper: Not determined<br /> Vapor pressure: Not applicable.<br /> Density at 20 掳C (68 掳F): 4.47 g/cm鲁 (37.302 lbs/gal)<br /> Relative density: Not determined.<br /> Vapor density: Not applicable.<br /> Evaporation rate: Not applicable.<br /> Solubility in / Miscibility with Water: Insoluble<br /> Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not determined.<br /> Viscosity:<br /> dynamic: Not applicable.<br /> kinematic: Not applicable.<br /> Other information<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY </h3> <p>Reactivity<br /> No information known.<br /> Chemical stability<br /> Stable under recommended storage conditions.<br /> Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided:<br /> Decomposition will not occur if used and stored according to specifications.<br /> Possibility of hazardous reactions<br /> Contact with water may produce hydrogen gas.<br /> Reacts with strong oxidizing agents<br /> Conditions to avoid<br /> No further relevant information available.<br /> Incompatible materials:<br /> Acids<br /> Air<br /> Water/moisture<br /> Oxidizing agents<br /> Halogens<br /> Acid chlorides<br /> Hazardous decomposition products:<br /> Metal oxide fume</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Information on toxicological effects<br /> Acute toxicity: No effects known.<br /> LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No data<br /> Skin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br /> Eye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritation<br /> Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.<br /> Germ cell mutagenicity: No effects known.<br /> Carcinogenicity: No classification data on carcinogenic properties of this material is available from the EPA, IARC, NTP, OSHA or ACGIH.<br /> Reproductive toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - repeated exposure: No effects known.<br /> Specific target organ system toxicity - single exposure: No effects known.<br /> Aspiration hazard: No effects known.<br /> Subacute to chronic toxicity: No effects known.<br /> Additional toxicological information:<br /> To the best of our knowledge the acute and chronic toxicity of this substance is not fully known.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION </h3> <p>Toxicity<br /> Aquatic toxicity: No further relevant information available.<br /> Persistence and degradability: No further relevant information available.<br /> Bioaccumulative potential: No further relevant information available.<br /> Mobility in soil: No further relevant information available.<br /> Additional ecological information:<br /> General notes:<br /> Do not allow material to be released to the environment without proper governmental permits.<br /> Avoid transfer into the environment.<br /> Results of PBT and vPvB assessment<br /> PBT: Not applicable.<br /> vPvB: Not applicable.<br /> Other adverse effects<br /> No further relevant information available.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS </h3> <p>Waste treatment methods<br /> Recommendation<br /> Consult state, local or national regulations to ensure proper disposal.<br /> Uncleaned packagings:<br /> Recommendation:<br /> Disposal must be made according to official regulations.</p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION </h3> <p>UN-Number<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> UN proper shipping name<br /> DOT, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Transport hazard class(es)<br /> DOT, ADR, ADN, IMDG, IATA<br /> Class<br /> Not applicable<br /> Packing group<br /> DOT, IMDG, IATA<br /> Not applicable<br /> Environmental hazards:<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Special precautions for user<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code<br /> Not applicable.<br /> Transport/Additional information:<br /> DOT<br /> Marine Pollutant (DOT):<br /> No<br /> UN "Model Regulation":<br /> - </p> <hr> <h3>SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION </h3> <p>Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture National regulations<br /> All components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.<br /> All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).<br /> SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> California Proposition 65<br /> Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Information about limitation of use:<br /> For use only by technically qualified individuals.<br /> Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulations<br /> Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. 1907/2006.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on themarket and use must be observed.<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use)<br /> Substance is not listed.<br /> REACH - Pre-registered substances<br /> Substance is listed.<br /> Chemical safety assessment:<br /> A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.</p> <hr><h3>16. OTHER INFORMATION</h3> <p>Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2016 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab5"> <h2>Yttrium Isotopes</h2> <p>Yttrium has one stable isotope, <sup>89</sup>Y.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br /> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>76</sup>Y</th> <td>75.95845(54)#</td> <td>500# ns [>170 ns]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>609.35</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>77</sup>Y</th> <td>76.94965(7)#</td> <td>63(17) ms</td> <td>p聽to <sup>76</sup>Sr; 脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>77</sup>Sr</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>625.81</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>78</sup>Y</th> <td>77.94361(43)#</td> <td>54(5) ms</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>78</sup>Sr</td> <td>(0+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>639.48</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>79</sup>Y</th> <td>78.93735(48)</td> <td>14.8(6) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>79</sup>Sr; 脽<sup>+</sup> + p聽to <sup>78</sup>Sr</td> <td>(5/2+)#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>653.15</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>80</sup>Y</th> <td>79.93428(19)</td> <td>30.1(5) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>80</sup>Sr</td> <td>4-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>664.02</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>81</sup>Y</th> <td>80.92913(7)</td> <td>70.4(10) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>81</sup>Sr</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>676.76</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>82</sup>Y</th> <td>81.92679(11)</td> <td>8.30(20) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>82</sup>Sr</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>687.63</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>83</sup>Y</th> <td>82.92235(5)</td> <td>7.08(6) min</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>83</sup>Sr</td> <td>9/2+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>699.44</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>84</sup>Y</th> <td>83.92039(10)</td> <td>4.6(2) s</td> <td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>84</sup>Sr</td> <td>1+</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>709.38</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>85</sup>Y</th> <td>84.916433(20)</td> <td>2.68(5) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>85</sup>Sr</td> <td>(1/2)-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>721.19</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>86</sup>Y</th> <td>85.914886(15)</td> <td>14.74(2) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>86</sup>Sr</td> <td>4-</td> <td><0.6</td> <td>731.13</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>87</sup>Y</th> <td>86.9108757(17)</td> <td>79.8(3) h</td> <td>EC to <sup>87</sup>Sr</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>742.93</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>88</sup>Y</th> <td>87.9095011(20)</td> <td>106.616(13) d</td> <td>EC to <sup>88</sup>Sr</td> <td>4-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>751.94</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>89</sup>Y</th> <td>88.9058483(27)</td> <td>STABLE</td> <td>-</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>-0.1374153</td> <td>763.75</td> <td>100</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>90</sup>Y</th> <td>89.9071519(27)</td> <td>64.053(20) h</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>90</sup>Zr</td> <td>2-</td> <td>-1.63</td> <td>769.96</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>91</sup>Y</th> <td>90.907305(3)</td> <td>58.51(6) d</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>91</sup>Zr</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>0.1461</td> <td>778.04</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>92</sup>Y</th> <td>91.908949(10)</td> <td>3.54(1) h</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>92</sup>Zr</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>785.19</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>93</sup>Y</th> <td>92.909583(11)</td> <td>10.18(8) h</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>93</sup>Zr</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>792.34</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>94</sup>Y</th> <td>93.911595(8)</td> <td>18.7(1) min</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>94</sup>Zr</td> <td>2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>798.55</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>95</sup>Y</th> <td>94.912821(8)</td> <td>10.3(1) min</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>95</sup>Zr</td> <td>1/2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>805.7</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>96</sup>Y</th> <td>95.915891(25)</td> <td>5.34(5) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>96</sup>Zr</td> <td>0-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>810.98</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>97</sup>Y</th> <td>96.918134(13)</td> <td>3.75(3) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>97</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>96</sup>Zr</td> <td>(1/2-)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>816.27</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>98</sup>Y</th> <td>97.922203(26)</td> <td>0.548(2) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>98</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>97</sup>Zr</td> <td>(0)-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>820.62</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>99</sup>Y</th> <td>98.924636(26)</td> <td>1.470(7) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>99</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>100</sup>Zr</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>826.84</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>100</sup>Y</th> <td>99.92776(8)</td> <td>735(7) ms</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>100</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>99</sup>Zr</td> <td>1-,2-</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>832.12</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>101</sup>Y</th> <td>100.93031(10)</td> <td>426(20) ms</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>101</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>100</sup>Zr</td> <td>(5/2+)</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>837.4</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>102</sup>Y</th> <td>101.93356(9)</td> <td>0.30(1) s</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>102</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>101</sup>Zr</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>845.48</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>103</sup>Y</th> <td>102.93673(32)#</td> <td>224(19) ms</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>103</sup>Zr; 脽<sup>-</sup> + n聽to <sup>102</sup>Zr</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>853.56</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>104</sup>Y</th> <td>103.94105(43)#</td> <td>180(60) ms</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>104</sup>Zr</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>852.32</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>105</sup>Y</th> <td>104.94487(54)#</td> <td>60# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>105</sup>Zr</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>860.4</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>106</sup>Y</th> <td>105.94979(75)#</td> <td>50# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>106</sup>Zr</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>868.48</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>107</sup>Y</th> <td>106.95414(54)#</td> <td>30# ms [>300 ns]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>5/2+#</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>867.24</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"> <sup>108</sup>Y</th> <td>107.95948(86)#</td> <td>20# [>300 ns]</td> <td>Unknown</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>875.32</td> <td>-</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup">^</div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); 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