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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="وليام مالميسبري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام مالميسبري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="মামজবেরির উইলিয়াম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মামজবেরির উইলিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Вільям Мальмсберыйскі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вільям Мальмсберыйскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillem_de_Malmesbury" title="Guillem de Malmesbury – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Guillem de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vil%C3%A9m_z_Malmesbury" title="Vilém z Malmesbury – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vilém z Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_af_Malmesbury" title="William af Malmesbury – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William af Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Malmesbury" title="Wilhelm von Malmesbury – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wilhelm von Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillermo_de_Malmesbury" title="Guillermo de Malmesbury – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Guillermo de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilhelmo_de_Malmesbury" title="Vilhelmo de Malmesbury – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vilhelmo de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ویلیام مالمسبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام مالمسبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_de_Malmesbury" title="Guillaume de Malmesbury – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guillaume de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillerme_de_Malmesbury" title="Guillerme de Malmesbury – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Guillerme de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_dari_Malmesbury" title="William dari Malmesbury – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William dari Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_di_Malmesbury" title="Guglielmo di Malmesbury – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Guglielmo di Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillelmus_Malmesburiensis" title="Guillelmus Malmesburiensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Guillelmus Malmesburiensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmesburyi_Vilmos" title="Malmesburyi Vilmos – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malmesburyi Vilmos" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="وليام مالميسبرى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام مالميسبرى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem_van_Malmesbury" title="Willem van Malmesbury – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Willem van Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA%E3%83%99%E3%83%AA%E3%81%AE%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0" title="マームズベリのウィリアム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マームズベリのウィリアム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury" title="William av Malmesbury – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William av Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_z_Malmesbury" title="William z Malmesbury – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William z Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilherme_de_Malmesbury" title="Guilherme de Malmesbury – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Guilherme de Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Вильям Мальмсберийский – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вильям Мальмсберийский" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Malmesburylainen" title="William Malmesburylainen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Malmesburylainen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_av_Malmesbury" title="William av Malmesbury – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William av Malmesbury" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="วิลเลียมแห่งมาล์มสบรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิลเลียมแห่งมาล์มสบรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malmesburyli_William" title="Malmesburyli William – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malmesburyli William" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Вільям Мальмесберійський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Мальмесберійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89" title="马姆斯伯里的威廉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马姆斯伯里的威廉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q345524#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English monk and chronicler (c. 1095 – c. 1143)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg/170px-William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="460" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg/255px-William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg/340px-William.of.malmesbury.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Stained-glass window showing William, installed in Malmesbury Abbey in 1928 in memory of Rev. Canon C. D. H. McMillan, vicar of Malmesbury from 1907 to 1919</figcaption></figure> <p><b>William of Malmesbury</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Willelmus Malmesbiriensis</i>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1095</span> – c.<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1143</span>) was the foremost <a href="/wiki/Historians_in_England_during_the_Middle_Ages" title="Historians in England during the Middle Ages">English historian of the 12th century</a>. He has been ranked among the most talented English historians since <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Modern historian <a href="/wiki/C._Warren_Hollister" title="C. Warren Hollister">C. Warren Hollister</a> described him as "a gifted historical scholar and an omnivorous reader, impressively well versed in the literature of <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patristic" class="mw-redirect" title="Patristic">patristic</a>, and earlier medieval times as well as in the writings of his own contemporaries. Indeed William may well have been the most learned man in twelfth-century Western Europe."<sup id="cite_ref-Hollister2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hollister2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>William was born about 1095 or 1096<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a>, England. His father was <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> and his mother English.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He spent his whole life in England and his adult life as a <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monk</a> at <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Abbey" title="Malmesbury Abbey">Malmesbury Abbey</a> in Wiltshire.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though the education William received at Malmesbury Abbey included a smattering of <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">moral philosophy</a> and history were the subjects to which he devoted the most attention. The earliest fact which he records of his career is that he assisted Abbot Godfrey (1081–1105) in collecting a library for the use of the community,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the evidence shows that William had first-hand knowledge of at least four hundred works by two hundred-odd authors.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the course of his studies, he amassed a collection of medieval histories, which inspired in him the idea for a popular account of <a href="/wiki/History_of_England" title="History of England">English history</a> modelled on the <i>Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_History_of_the_English_People" title="Ecclesiastical History of the English People">Ecclesiastical History of the English People</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William's obvious respect for Bede is apparent even within the preface of his <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Anglorum" title="Gesta Regum Anglorum">Gesta Regum Anglorum</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Malmesbury)1847_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malmesbury)1847-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he professes his admiration for the man. </p><p>In fulfilment of this idea, William completed in 1125<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Anglorum" title="Gesta Regum Anglorum">Gesta Regum Anglorum</a></i> ("Deeds of the English Kings"), consciously patterned on <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a>, which spanned from AD 449 to 1120. He later edited and expanded it up to the year 1127, releasing a revision dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Robert,_Earl_of_Gloucester" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert, Earl of Gloucester">Robert, Earl of Gloucester</a>. This "second edition" of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum_Anglorum" title="Gesta Regum Anglorum">Gesta Regum</a></i>, "disclosing in his second thoughts the mellowing of age",<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is now considered one of the great histories of England. </p><p>William wrote of <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> in <i>Historia Anglorum</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>He was of just stature, extraordinary<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corpulence, fierce countenance; his forehead was bare of hair; of such great strength of arm that it was often a matter of surprise, that no one was able to draw his bow, which himself could bend when his horse was in full gallop; he was majestic whether sitting or standing, although the protuberance of his belly deformed his royal person; of excellent health so that he was never confined with any dangerous disorder, except at the last; so given to the pleasures of the chase, that as I have before said, ejecting the inhabitants, he let a space of many miles grow desolate that, when at liberty from other avocations, he might there pursue his pleasures. His anxiety for money is the only thing on which he can deservedly be blamed. This he sought all opportunities of scraping together, he cared not how; he would say and do some things and indeed almost anything, unbecoming to such great majesty, where the hope of money allured him. I have here no excuse whatever to offer, unless it be, as one has said, that of necessity he must fear many, whom many fear.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg/220px-Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg/330px-Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg/440px-Malmesbury.abbey.exterior.rearview.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1042" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Abbey" title="Malmesbury Abbey">Malmesbury Abbey</a> in Wiltshire, completed in 1180; it remains in use as the parish church of <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury" title="Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>William's first edition of the book was followed by the <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Pontificum_Anglorum" title="Gesta Pontificum Anglorum">Gesta Pontificum Anglorum</a></i> (<i>Deeds of the English Bishops</i>) in 1125. For this vivid descriptive history of abbeys and bishoprics, dwelling upon the lives of the English prelates saints, notably the learned wonder-working <a href="/wiki/Aldhelm" title="Aldhelm">Aldhelm</a>, abbot of Malmesbury, William travelled widely in <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>. He stayed at <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Abbey" title="Glastonbury Abbey">Glastonbury Abbey</a> for a time, composing <i>On the Antiquity of the Glastonbury Church</i> for his friend, the abbot <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Blois" title="Henry of Blois">Henry of Blois</a> who was also the Bishop of Winchester. (Among the first works to mention <a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_saints" title="List of Welsh saints">SS</a> <a href="/wiki/Fagan_(saint)" title="Fagan (saint)">Fagan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deruvian" title="Deruvian">Deruvian</a>, its present form is notably marred by anachronistic forgeries and additions.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At a point before the onset of <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">the Anarchy</a> in 1139, William made the beneficial acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Roger,_Bishop_of_Salisbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger, Bishop of Salisbury">Roger, Bishop of Salisbury</a>, who possessed <a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_Castle" title="Malmesbury Castle">Malmesbury Castle</a>. Such a beneficial local connection, combined with the positive reception of William's <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_Regum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gesta Regum">Gesta Regum</a></i>, led to an offer of the position of abbot of Malmesbury in 1140, which William declined, preferring his duties as a librarian and scholar. His one public appearance was made at the council of <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a> in 1141, in which the clergy declared for the <a href="/wiki/Empress_Maud" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Maud">Empress Matilda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning about 1140, William continued his chronicles with the <i>Historia Novella</i>, or "modern history", a three-book chronicle that ran from 1128 to 1142, including important accounts of the Anarchy of <a href="/wiki/Stephen,_King_of_England" title="Stephen, King of England">King Stephen</a>'s reign. This work breaks off with an unfulfilled promise that it would be continued: presumably William died before he could redeem his pledge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> William also wrote a history of his abbey and several saints' lives.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>William is considered by many, including <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>, to be one of the best English historians of his time, and remains known for strong documentation and his clear, engaging writing style. A strong Latin stylist, he shows literary and historiographical instincts which are, for his time, remarkably sound. He is an authority of considerable value from 1066 onwards;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> many telling anecdotes and shrewd judgments on persons and events can be gleaned from his pages. Some scholars criticise him for his atypical annalistic form, calling his chronology less than satisfactory and his arrangement of material careless.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of William's work on <a href="/wiki/Wulfstan,_Bishop_of_Worcester" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester">Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester</a>, is thought to derive from a first-hand account from Coleman, a contemporary of Wulfstan. William merely translated the document from Old English into Latin. William's works are still considered invaluable and, despite these shortcomings, he remains one of the most celebrated English chroniclers of the twelfth century. </p><p>William's descriptions of religious communities, even though they "resort to the <a href="/wiki/Hagiographic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagiographic">hagiographic</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugyis-226-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially about <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictine</a> convents such as <a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Abbey" title="Shaftesbury Abbey">Shaftesbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunnaminster" class="mw-redirect" title="Nunnaminster">Nunnaminster</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wilton_Abbey" title="Wilton Abbey">Wilton</a>, give insights into the lives of nuns in England during the central Middle Ages. He observed their practices, which included their obedience to their leaders' directives, their care for and veneration of <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relics</a>, their organization and participation in their practices of prayer and intercessions on the behalf of those in and out of their communities, and their reputations among the laity and their peers in other religious communities. His extensive travels throughout England also allowed him to compare the communities he studied and to accurately assess these communities' "size, wealth, vibrancy, and rigour".<sup id="cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugyis-226-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to medieval scholar and historian Katie Ann-Marie Bugyis, "He was clearly impressed by the practices of the women's monasteries he visited. By his telling, their sanctity and zeal equaled, if not surpassed, those of their male counterparts".<sup id="cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bugyis-226-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>(Willielmi Monachi Malmesburiensis): De Gestis Regum Anglorum, Libri V; Historiae Novellae, Libri II; De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum, Libri IIII., in <i>Rerum Anglicarum Scriptores Post Bedam Praecipui, ex vetustissimis codicibus manuscriptis nunc primum in lucem editi</i> (G. Bishop, R. Nuberie & R. Barker Typographij Regii, London 1596). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUlhAAAAcAAJ">digitized</a> ed. <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Paul_Migne" title="Jacques Paul Migne">Migne</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Patrologia_Latina" title="Patrologia Latina">Patrologia Latina</a></i> vol. 179.</li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: Gesta pontificum Anglorum</i> (Deeds of the English Bishops), Vol. I, Edited and Translated by M. Winterbottom and R. M. Thomson, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 2007. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820770-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820770-0">0-19-820770-0</a></li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: Gesta pontificum Anglorum</i> (Deeds of the English Bishops), Vol. II: General Introduction and Commentary, by R. M. Thomson, Oxford University Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-922661-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-922661-X">0-19-922661-X</a></li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: Gesta regum Anglorum</i> (Deeds of the Kings of the English), Vol. I, Edited and Translated by R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thomson and M. Winterbottom, Oxford University Press, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820678-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820678-X">0-19-820678-X</a></li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: Gesta regum Anglorum</i> (Deeds of the Kings of the English), Vol. II: General Introduction and Commentary, by M. Winterbottom and R. M. Thomson, Oxford University Press, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820709-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820709-3">0-19-820709-3</a></li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: Historia Novella</i> (The Contemporary History), Edited by Edmund King, Translated by K. R. Potter, Oxford University Press, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-820192-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-820192-3">0-19-820192-3</a></li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury</i>, <i>Chronicle of the Kings of England</i>, translated by Rev. John Sharpe, edited by J. A. Giles, London: George Bell and Sons, 1904.</li> <li><i>William of Malmesbury: The Deeds of the Bishops of England [Gesta Pontificum Anglorum]</i>, Translated by David Preest, Boydell Press, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85115-884-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85115-884-6">0-85115-884-6</a></li> <li><i>De antiquitate Glastoniensis ecclesiae</i> (63–1126 AD) (The Ancient Church of Glastonbury).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">William of Malmesbury (2011). <i>Liber super explanationem Lamentationum Ieremiae prophetae</i>. CCCM. Vol. 244. Michael Winterbottom, Rodney M. Thomson (eds.). Turnhout: Brepols. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2503540870" title="Special:BookSources/978-2503540870"><bdi>978-2503540870</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Liber+super+explanationem+Lamentationum+Ieremiae+prophetae&rft.place=Turnhout&rft.series=CCCM&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-2503540870&rft.au=William+of+Malmesbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span> Translation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">William of Malmesbury (2013). <i>On Lamentations</i>. Corpus Christianorum in Translation. Vol. 13. Michael Winterbottom (trans.). Turnhout: Brepols. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782503548494" title="Special:BookSources/9782503548494"><bdi>9782503548494</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Lamentations&rft.place=Turnhout&rft.series=Corpus+Christianorum+in+Translation&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9782503548494&rft.au=William+of+Malmesbury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unprinted_extant_works">Unprinted extant works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unprinted extant works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Among these are: </p> <ul><li><i>Miracles of the Virgin</i></li> <li><i>Liber super explanationem lamentationum Yeremiae prophetae</i></li> <li>An abridgment of <a href="/wiki/Amalarius" title="Amalarius">Amalarius</a>' <i>De divinis officiis</i></li> <li><i>De dictis et factis memorabilibus philosophorum</i></li> <li>An <i><a href="/wiki/Epitome" title="Epitome">epitome</a></i> of the <i>Historia</i> of Haymo of Fleury and some other works, historical and legal</li> <li><i>Lives of the English Saints</i></li></ul> <p>The manuscripts of these works are to be found some in the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a>, some in the <a href="/wiki/Bodleian_Library" title="Bodleian Library">Bodleian Library</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lost_works">Lost works</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lost works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <i>Vita Sancti Patricii</i> and <i>Miracle Sancti Benigni</i> are mentioned in the prologue to the book on Glastonbury</li> <li>A metrical life of St Ælfgyfu is quoted in the <i>Gesta pontificum</i></li> <li><i>Chronica tribus libellis</i> are mentioned in the prologue to the <i>Historia novella</i>, and a fragment of them is apparently preserved in the British Library <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_manuscripts" title="Lansdowne manuscripts">Lansdowne manuscripts</a> 436.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leland_(antiquary)" title="John Leland (antiquary)">John Leland</a> gave extracts from an <i>Itinerarium Johannis abbatis</i>, describing the journey of Abbot of Malmesbury John to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> in 1140 (Leland, <i>Collectanea</i>, iii. 272).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hollister2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hollister2008_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollister2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._Warren_Hollister" title="C. Warren Hollister">Hollister, C. Warren</a> (1 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TRMaCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA3"><i>Henry I</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14372-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-14372-0"><bdi>978-0-300-14372-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+I&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-300-14372-0&rft.aulast=Hollister&rft.aufirst=C.+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTRMaCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W2ANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR7">discusses the evidence for his age and thus his birth year</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinterbottom2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Winterbottom_(academic)" title="Michael Winterbottom (academic)">Winterbottom, Michael</a> (2010). "William of Malmesbury and the Normans". <i>The Journal of Medieval Latin</i>. <b>20</b>: 70–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.JML.1.102101">10.1484/J.JML.1.102101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Medieval+Latin&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury+and+the+Normans&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=70-77&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.JML.1.102101&rft.aulast=Winterbottom&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rodney Thomson, <i>William of Malmesbury</i>, 1987 is the full-length study; see also <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer1962" class="citation journal cs1">Farmer, Hugh (1962). "William of Malmesbury's Life and Works". <i>The Journal of Ecclesiastical History</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 39–54. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022046900065659">10.1017/S0022046900065659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Ecclesiastical+History&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury%27s+Life+and+Works&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=39-54&rft.date=1962&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022046900065659&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911675_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1911">Davis 1911</a>, p. 675.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomson 1987:197–207.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malmesbury)1847-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Malmesbury)1847_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_(of_Malmesbury)1847" class="citation book cs1">William (of Malmesbury) (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fVVnAAAAMAAJ&q=clock&pg=PA175"><i>Chronicle of the Kings of England: From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen</i></a>. H. G. Bohn. pp. 175 ff<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Kings+of+England%3A+From+the+earliest+period+to+the+reign+of+King+Stephen&rft.pages=175+ff&rft.pub=H.+G.+Bohn&rft.date=1847&rft.au=William+%28of+Malmesbury%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfVVnAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dclock%26pg%3DPA175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollister 2001:4,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hollister 2001:4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William of Malmesbury, Chronicle of the Kings of England, ed. Giles, London 1847, p.308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in James Westfall Thompson and Edgar Nathanael Johnson, <i>An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 1300–1500</i> (1937) p. 440</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enotes.com/topics/william-malmesbury/critical-essays">"William of Malmesbury Critical Essays - eNotes.com"</a>. <i>eNotes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eNotes&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury+Critical+Essays+-+eNotes.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enotes.com%2Ftopics%2Fwilliam-malmesbury%2Fcritical-essays&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/people/william-of-malmesbury#:~:text=William%20of%20Malmesbury%20was%20an,the%20early%20history%20of%20England.">"William of Malmesbury"</a>. <i>British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Library&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bl.uk%2Fpeople%2Fwilliam-of-malmesbury%23%3A~%3Atext%3DWilliam%2520of%2520Malmesbury%2520was%2520an%2Cthe%2520early%2520history%2520of%2520England.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMomma2012" class="citation book cs1">Momma, Haruko (2012). "Narrating the Battle of Hastings: Multilingual Britain and the Monolingualism of William of Malmesbury". In Ad Putter; Judith Jefferson (eds.). <i>Multilingualism in Medieval Britain (c. 1066–1520)</i>. Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Vol. 15. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 225–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FM.TCNE-EB.1.100803">10.1484/M.TCNE-EB.1.100803</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-503-54250-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-503-54250-8"><bdi>978-2-503-54250-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Narrating+the+Battle+of+Hastings%3A+Multilingual+Britain+and+the+Monolingualism+of+William+of+Malmesbury&rft.btitle=Multilingualism+in+Medieval+Britain+%28c.+1066%E2%80%931520%29&rft.place=Turnhout&rft.series=Medieval+Texts+and+Cultures+of+Northern+Europe&rft.pages=225-239&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FM.TCNE-EB.1.100803&rft.isbn=978-2-503-54250-8&rft.aulast=Momma&rft.aufirst=Haruko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bugyis-226-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bugyis-226_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBugyis2019" class="citation book cs1">Bugyis, Katie Ann-Marie (2019). <i>The Care of Nuns: The Ministries of Benedictine Women in England During the Central Middle Ages</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 226. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-085128-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-085128-6"><bdi>978-0-19-085128-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Care+of+Nuns%3A+The+Ministries+of+Benedictine+Women+in+England+During+the+Central+Middle+Ages&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-19-085128-6&rft.aulast=Bugyis&rft.aufirst=Katie+Ann-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1911676_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1911">Davis 1911</a>, p. 676.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_William_Carless_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry William Carless Davis">Davis, Henry William Carless</a> (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/William_of_Malmesbury" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 675–676.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=675-676&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry+William+Carless&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Rodney M. Thomson, <i>William of Malmesbury</i>, <a href="/wiki/Boydell_%26_Brewer" title="Boydell & Brewer">Boydell & Brewer</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84383-030-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-84383-030-2">1-84383-030-2</a></li> <li>Kirsten A. Fenton, <i>Gender, Nation and Conquest in the Works of William of Malmesbury</i> (Woodbridge, Boydell, 2008) (Gender in the Middle Ages).</li> <li><i>Discovering William of Malmesbury</i>, edited by Rodney Thomson, Emily Dolmans, and Emily A. Winkler (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_of_Malmesbury&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/William_of_Malmesbury" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/46076">Works by William of Malmesbury</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0023/html/lewis_e_247.html">Lewis E 247 Gesta regum Anglorum (Deeds of the English Kings); Historia regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain) at OPenn</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/211/0906.html">Latin Chroniclers from the Eleventh to the Thirteenth Centuries: <b>William of Malmesbury</b></a> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_History_of_English_and_American_Literature" title="The Cambridge History of English and American Literature">The Cambridge History of English and American Literature</a></i>, Volume I, 1907–21.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/williamofmalmesb1847will/williamofmalmesb1847will_djvu.txt">Full text of "William of Malmesbury's Chronicle of the kings of England. From the earliest period to the reign of King Stephen"</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/1066malmesbury.html">Battle of Hastings, 1066</a>, excerpts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deremilitari.org/RESOURCES/SOURCES/lincoln3.htm">Account of the Battle of Lincoln in 1141</a>, excerpts.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050314053949/http://www.csun.edu/~sk36711/WWW/engl443/malmesbury.html">Historia Novella</a>, excerpts.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Somerset_Historical_Essays/William_of_Malmesbury_%27On_the_Antiquity_of_Glastonbury%27" class="extiw" title="s:Somerset Historical Essays/William of Malmesbury 'On the Antiquity of Glastonbury'">William of Malmesbury 'On the Antiquity of Glastonbury'</a> by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Armitage_Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Armitage Robinson">Joseph Armitage Robinson</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/William of Malmesbury"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/William_of_Malmesbury">"William of Malmesbury" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1885%2F1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCousin1910" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_William_Cousin" title="John William Cousin">Cousin, John William</a> (1910), "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature/William_of_Malmesbury" class="extiw" title="s:A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/William of Malmesbury">William of Malmesbury</a>", <i><a href="/wiki/A_Short_Biographical_Dictionary_of_English_Literature" title="A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature">A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature</a></i>, London: J. M. Dent & Sons – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury&rft.btitle=A+Short+Biographical+Dictionary+of+English+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=J.+M.+Dent+%26amp%3B+Sons&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Cousin&rft.aufirst=John+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/William of Malmesbury"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/William_of_Malmesbury">"William of Malmesbury" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=William+of+Malmesbury&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+of+Malmesbury" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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