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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>president of Georgia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">sakartvelos p'rezident'i</span>) is the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Defense_Forces_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense Forces of Georgia">Defense Forces</a>. The constitution defines the presidential office as "the guarantor of the country's unity and national independence."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">President of Georgia<br><span style="font-size:85%;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი</span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/225px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg/300px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="709"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard of the President of Georgia">Presidential standard</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/220px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/330px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/440px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1007"></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a><br></div>since 16 December 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Office of the President of Georgia</a><br><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Georgia_(country)#Presidency" title="Politics of Georgia (country)">Head of State of Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data">Direct popular vote:<div><ul><li>1991 to 2018</li></ul></div><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College">Electoral College</a>:<div><ul><li>2024 onward</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Effective 1991:<div><ul><li>five years</li></ul></div>Effective 2004:<div><ul><li>four years</li></ul></div>Effective 2018:<div><ul><li>six years</li></ul></div>Effective 2024:<div><ul><li>five years, renewable once</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inaugural holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">14 April 1991<span class="noprint"><br>(33 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1991-04-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">Chairperson of the Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">13,000 <a href="/wiki/Georgian_lari" title="Georgian lari">GEL</a> per month<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://president.ge">Official website</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <p>The president is largely a figurehead as in many parliamentary democracies. Executive power is vested in the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">prime minister</a>. The office was first introduced by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia</a> on 14 April 1991, five days after Georgia's declaration of independence from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president serves a five-year term. </p><p>The current president is <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>. Because of Georgia's transition to a fully <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> she is the last president to be elected directly by the citizens. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Qualifications"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Qualifications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Election"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Election</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Impeachment"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Impeachment</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Constitutional_powers_and_duties"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Constitutional powers and duties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Oath"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Oath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Immunity"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Immunity</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Standard"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Standard</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#History_of_office"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">History of office</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Succession_and_acting_president"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Succession and acting president</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Administration"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Administration</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#List_of_officeholders"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">List of officeholders</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Presidents"><span class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">Presidents</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council"><span class="tocnumber">11.2</span> <span class="toctext">Chairman of the Supreme Council</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Interim_heads_of_state_(1992%E2%80%931995)"><span class="tocnumber">11.3</span> <span class="toctext">Interim heads of state (1992–1995)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#President_in_dissidence_(1993)"><span class="tocnumber">11.4</span> <span class="toctext">President in dissidence (1993)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Timeline"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Timeline</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Qualifications">Qualifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Qualifications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Any citizen of Georgia having the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to vote">electoral right</a>, who has attained the age of 35 and who has lived in Georgia for at least 15 years, may be elected President of Georgia.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The office cannot be held by a citizen of Georgia who is simultaneously the citizen of a foreign country.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president of Georgia shall not be a member of a political party.<sup id="cite_ref-cons51_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons51-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Election">Election</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Election" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>According to the 2018 version of Georgia's constitution, starting in 2024, the president will be elected for a five-year term by the 300-member Electoral College, consisting of all members of the Parliament of Georgia and of the supreme representative bodies of the autonomous republics of <a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adjara" title="Adjara">Adjara</a>, also members from the representative bodies of local-self-governments (municipalities). The same person may be elected President of Georgia only twice. No less than 30 members of the Electoral College shall have the right to nominate a candidate for the president of Georgia. The election of the president of Georgia is appointed by the Parliament for October.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Impeachment">Impeachment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Impeachment" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>One third of the total number of the members of Parliament has the right to raise the question of impeachment of the president of Georgia. They can be considered impeached if the decision is supported by at least two thirds of the members of Parliament. The procedure of the impeachment of the president is constitutionally banned during a state of emergency or martial law.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Constitutional_powers_and_duties">Constitutional powers and duties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional powers and duties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>1. The President of Georgia shall: </p><p>a) with the consent of the Government, exercise representative powers in foreign relations, negotiate with other states and international organisations, conclude international treaties, and accept the accreditation of ambassadors and other diplomatic representatives of other states and international organisations; upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss ambassadors and other heads of diplomatic missions of Georgia; </p><p>b) conclude a constitutional agreement with the Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church of Georgia on behalf of the state of Georgia; </p><p>c) call the elections of Parliament and local self-government bodies in accordance with the Constitution and the procedures established by the organic law; </p><p>d) upon nomination by the Government, appoint and dismiss the Commander of the Defence Forces of Georgia; appoint one member of the High Council of Justice; participate in the appointment of the chairperson and members of the Central Election Commission of Georgia in cases defined by the organic law and in accordance with the established procedure; upon nomination by the Government, submit to Parliament candidates for the membership of the national regulatory bodies; </p><p>e) decide on citizenship issues in accordance with the procedures established by the organic law; </p><p>f) pardon convicts; </p><p>g) in accordance with the procedures established by law, grant state awards and rewards; highest military ranks, special ranks and honorary titles; and highest diplomatic ranks; </p><p>h) be entitled, upon recommendation by the Government and with the consent of Parliament, to suspend the activity of a representative body of a territorial unit, or to dissolve such a body, if its activities threaten the sovereignty or territorial integrity of the country, or the exercise of constitutional powers by state bodies; </p><p>i) exercise other powers determined by the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>2. The President of Georgia shall have the right to call a referendum on issues defined in the Constitution and law, at the request of the Parliament of Georgia, the Government of Georgia or no less than 200 000 voters, within 30 days after such a request is received. A referendum shall not be held in order to adopt or repeal a law, to grant amnesty or pardon, to ratify or denounce international treaties, or to decide issues that envisage the restriction of fundamental constitutional human rights. Issues related to calling and holding referendums shall be defined by the organic law.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>3. The President of Georgia shall have the right to address the people. The President shall annually submit a report on crucial state-related issues to Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Oath">Oath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Oath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Prior to assuming office, on the third Sunday after the election day, the newly elected president of Georgia addresses the people and is required to take the following oath of office: </p> <div style="padding:1em 3em 1em 3em"><div style="display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap; gap:3em"><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;">მე, საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი, ღვთისა და ერის წინაშე ვფიცავ, რომ დავიცავ საქართველოს კონსტიტუციას, ქვეყნის დამოუკიდებლობას, ერთიანობასა და განუყოფლობას, კეთილსინდისიერად აღვასრულებ პრეზიდენტის მოვალეობას, ვიზრუნებ ჩემი ქვეყნის მოქალაქეთა უსაფრთხოებისა და კეთილდღეობისათვის, ჩემი ხალხისა და მამულის აღორძინებისა და ძლევამოსილებისათვის.</div><div style="flex: 1 0 300px;">I, the President of Georgia, do solemnly affirm before God and the nation that I will support and defend the Constitution of Georgia, the independence, unity and indivisibility of the country; that I will faithfully perform the duties of the President, will care for the security and welfare of the citizens of my country and for the revival and might of my nation and homeland.</div></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Immunity">Immunity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Immunity" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>The president of Georgia enjoys immunity. No one shall have the right to detain or bring criminal proceedings against the president of Georgia while in office.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Security of the president of Georgia is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Special_State_Protection_Service_of_Georgia" title="Special State Protection Service of Georgia">Special State Protection Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ssps1_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ssps1-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Standard">Standard</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Standard" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_(2004-2020).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/220px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/220px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/330px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg/440px-Standard_of_the_President_of_Georgia_%282004-2020%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Standard of the president of Georgia (until 2020)</figcaption></figure> <p>The standard is adapted from the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">national flag of Georgia</a>, charged in the center with the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Georgia (country)">Georgian coat of arms</a>. Copies of the standard are used inside the president's office, at the Chancellery Building, other state agencies, and as a <a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">car flag</a> on vehicles bearing the president within Georgian territory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History_of_office">History of office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History of office" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orbeliani_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/220px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="3749"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/220px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/330px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Orbeliani_Palace.jpg/440px-Orbeliani_Palace.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a> is the official seat of the Georgian President.</figcaption></figure> <p>After Georgia formally seceded from the Soviet Union on 9 April 1991, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council</a> voted, on 14 April, to create the post of executive president, and appointed <a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a> to the office pending the holding of direct elections.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nationwide elections to this post, on 26 May 1991, Gamsakhurdia won a landslide victory, becoming the first president of the Republic of Georgia. Gamsakhurdia was ousted in a <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">military coup d'état</a> on 6 January 1992. He continued to function as a president-in-exile until his death in a failed attempt to regain power on 31 December 1993. </p><p>In the post-coup absence of legitimate power, a position of the head of state was introduced for Georgia's new leader <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a> on 10 March 1992. After the adoption of a new Constitution on 24 August 1995, the post of president was restored. Shevardnadze was elected to presidency on 5 November 1995, and reelected on 9 April 2000. He resigned under pressure of mass demonstrations known as <a href="/wiki/Rose_Revolution" title="Rose Revolution">Rose Revolution</a> on 23 November 2003. After <a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a>'s brief tenure as an <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a> was elected on 4 January 2004. He did not serve his full first term, but voluntarily resigned to defuse tensions in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2007_Georgian_demonstrations" title="2007 Georgian demonstrations">2007 Georgian demonstrations</a> and brought the presidential elections forward from the original date in autumn 2008. He was reelected on 5 January 2008. The president's executive powers were significantly curtailed in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Georgia" title="Prime Minister of Georgia">prime minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Government of Georgia (country)">Government</a> in a series of amendments passed between 2013 and 2018. After the election of <a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili">Giorgi Margvelashvili</a> to presidency in October 2013, Georgia finalized its transition to a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_republic" title="Parliamentary republic">parliamentary republic</a>. In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>, became Georgia's first female president in permanent capacity and, according to the new constitution, the last president to be elected by a direct vote. In view of these changes, she is set to serve a term of six years.<sup id="cite_ref-civil1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-civil1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Succession_and_acting_president">Succession and acting president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Succession and acting president" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <p>In the event of the president's resignation, death or impeachment the <a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Chairperson of the Parliament of Georgia">chairperson of Parliament</a> will temporarily serve until a new president is appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were cases of this in Georgia in 2003 and 2007, in both cases, the president resigned prematurely and was replaced by the chairperson of parliament, before new elections were held. In both cases, the then-chairperson <a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a> became acting president; she was the only one in this position, and it can be said that she was also the first female president of the country. However, the first fully elected female president in Georgia was <a href="/wiki/Salome_Zourabichvili" title="Salome Zourabichvili">Salome Zourabichvili</a>, who is still in this position. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size: 125%;">Administration of the President of Georgia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაცია</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/250px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1026"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/250px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png" data-width="250" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/375px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png/500px-Logo_of_the_Presidential_Administration_of_Georgia_Ka.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo of the Administration featuring <a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Agency overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formed</th><td class="infobox-data">February 14, 2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-02-14</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Orbeliani_Palace" title="Orbeliani Palace">Orbeliani Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agency executive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natia_Sulava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natia Sulava (page does not exist)">Natia Sulava</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chief_of_the_Administration_of_the_President_of_Georgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chief of the Administration of the President of Georgia (page does not exist)">Chief of the Administration</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://President.ge">president<wbr></wbr>.ge</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Administration of the President of Georgia</b> (<a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაცია</span></span>, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">romanized</a>:</span> <span lang="ka-Latn" style="font-style: italic;">sakartvelos p'rezident'is administ'ratsia</span>, sometimes translated as <b>Presidential Administration of Georgia</b>) is the body supporting and organizing the exercise of the powers defined by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia</a> and other legislative acts for the President of Georgia. The Administration of the President of Georgia was established on February 14, 2004 by the Decree №60 of the President of Georgia, <a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In its activities, the administration is guided by the Constitution of Georgia, the legislation of Georgia, the statute and other legal acts of the President of Georgia. The structure and rules of operation of the administration are determined by the President of Georgia. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="List_of_officeholders">List of officeholders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: List of officeholders" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For leaders before independence, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Georgia_(country)" title="List of leaders of Georgia (country)">List of leaders of Georgia (country)</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Presidents" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Election </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">1 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>14 April 1991 </td> <td>6 January 1992<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">Deposed</a>)</span> </td> <td>267 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Table%E2%80%94Free_Georgia" title="Round Table—Free Georgia">Round Table—Free Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1991 Georgian presidential election">1991</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EEEEEE" colspan="8">The office of the president was vacant from January 6, 1992 to November 26, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#231577; color:white;">2 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1928–2014)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_shevardnadze_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1697"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>26 November 1995 </td> <td>23 November 2003<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze#Downfall" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Forced to resign</a>)</span> </td> <td>7 years, 362 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Citizens_of_Georgia" title="Union of Citizens of Georgia">Union of Citizens of Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1995_Georgian_presidential_election" title="1995 Georgian presidential election">1995</a><br><a href="/wiki/2000_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2000 Georgian presidential election">2000</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E6E6AA"> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1964)</span><br><i>Acting</i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nino_Burjanadze_(Tbilisi,_December_5,_2003)_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="523"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>23 November 2003 </td> <td>25 January 2004 </td> <td>63 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">3 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="222"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>25 January 2004 </td> <td>25 November 2007<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Resigned)</span> </td> <td>3 years, 304 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2004 Georgian presidential election">2004</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E6E6AA"> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" title="Nino Burjanadze">Nino Burjanadze</a><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1964)</span><br><i>Acting</i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nino_Burjanadze_(Tbilisi,_December_5,_2003)_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="523"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Nino_Burjanadze_%28Tbilisi%2C_December_5%2C_2003%29_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>25 November 2007 </td> <td>20 January 2008 </td> <td>56 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BC0000; color:white;"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3)</span> </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" title="Mikheil Saakashvili">Mikheil Saakashvili</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="166" data-file-height="222"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/President_of_Georgia_Mikheil_Saakashvili_in_Tbilisi_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>20 January 2008 </td> <td>17 November 2013 </td> <td>5 years, 301 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_National_Movement_(Georgia)" class="mw-redirect" title="United National Movement (Georgia)">United National Movement</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2008 Georgian presidential election">2008</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#27509C; color:white;">4 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili">Giorgi Margvelashvili</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1969)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="623"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/150px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/200px-Prasidenten_Margvelashvili_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>17 November 2013 </td> <td>16 December 2018 </td> <td>5 years, 29 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Dream" title="Georgian Dream">Georgian Dream</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2013_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2013 Georgian presidential election">2013</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#DCDCDC; color:black">5 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Salome_Zurabishvili" class="mw-redirect" title="Salome Zurabishvili">Salome Zurabishvili</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1952)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_(cropped)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/100px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="1007"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 131px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/100px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="131" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/150px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg/200px-Salome_Zourabichvili_and_Antonio_Tajani_%28cropped%29_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>16 December 2018 </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>5 years, 347 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Georgian_presidential_election" title="2018 Georgian presidential election">2018</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council">Chairman of the Supreme Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chairman of the Supreme Council" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Legislature </th> <th>Election </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">1 </th> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></b><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>14 November 1990 </td> <td>14 April 1991 </td> <td>151 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Round_Table%E2%80%94Free_Georgia" title="Round Table—Free Georgia">Round Table—Free Georgia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Georgia" title="Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia">Supreme Council</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Georgian_parliamentary_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Georgian parliamentary election">1990</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interim_heads_of_state_(1992–1995)"><span id="Interim_heads_of_state_.281992.E2.80.931995.29"></span>Interim heads of state (1992–1995)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interim heads of state (1992–1995)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Title </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="background:#C3B091; color:black;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jaba_Ioseliani" title="Jaba Ioseliani">Jaba Ioseliani</a><br><small>(1926–2003)</small> </td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="2">6 January 1992 </td> <td rowspan="2">10 March 1992 </td> <td rowspan="2">64 days </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Defence_Forces_of_Georgia" title="Defence Forces of Georgia">Military</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Co-chairmen of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Council_(Georgia)" title="Military Council (Georgia)">Military Council</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Kitovani" title="Tengiz Kitovani">Tengiz Kitovani</a><br><small>(1938–2023)</small> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="442" data-file-height="474"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Tengiz_Kitovani_in_Rkoni_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#DCDCDC; color:black;" rowspan="3">— </th> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a><br><small>(1928–2014)</small> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eduard_shevardnadze_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1697"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Eduard_shevardnadze_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>10 March 1992 </td> <td>4 November 1992 </td> <td>239 days </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> </td> <td>Chairman of the State Council </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 November 1992 </td> <td>6 November 1992 </td> <td>2 days </td> <td>Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 November 1992 </td> <td>26 November 1995 </td> <td>3 years, 20 days </td> <td>Head of State </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="President_in_dissidence_(1993)"><span id="President_in_dissidence_.281993.29"></span>President in dissidence (1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: President in dissidence (1993)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th>Name<br><span style="font-size:85%;">(Birth–Death)</span> </th> <th width="100px">Portrait </th> <th>Took office </th> <th>Left office </th> <th>Time in office </th> <th>Party </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#BA2B27; color:white;">— </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1993)</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zviad_Gamsakhurdia,_Tbilisi,_1988_(3x4_cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="191"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg/100px-Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg" data-width="100" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia%2C_Tbilisi%2C_1988_%283x4_cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td> <td>24 September 1993 </td> <td>6 November 1993 </td> <td>43 days </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zviadists" title="Zviadists">Zviadists</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On December 22, 1991, parts of the military launched a <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%931992_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991–1992 Georgian coup d'état">coup d'état</a> against the government and the president. On January 6, 1992, the government and the President were deposed and a <a href="/wiki/Military_Council_(Georgia)" title="Military Council (Georgia)">Military Council</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Kitovani" title="Tengiz Kitovani">Tengiz Kitovani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaba_Ioseliani" title="Jaba Ioseliani">Jaba Ioseliani</a>, took power in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>. On March 10, 1992, the Military Council handed the power over to <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" title="Eduard Shevardnadze">Eduard Shevardnadze</a>, who served as acting head of state until November 26, 1995.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During the <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a>, deposed former president Gamsakhurdia returned to Georgia in September 1993 and formed a rival government based in <a href="/wiki/Zugdidi" title="Zugdidi">Zugdidi</a>. This controlled part of western Georgia until its defeat at the hands of government forces in November.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Timeline" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_mryy17xceh7ph9dxejk2p3doce6157c"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Salome_Zurabishvili" coords="959,67,1101,87" title="Salome Zurabishvili" alt="Salome Zurabishvili"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Giorgi_Margvelashvili" coords="792,54,945,75" title="Giorgi Margvelashvili" alt="Giorgi Margvelashvili"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili" coords="650,42,792,62" title="Mikheil Saakashvili" alt="Mikheil Saakashvili"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Nino_Burjanadze" coords="487,29,606,50" title="Nino Burjanadze" alt="Nino Burjanadze"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Eduard_Shevardnadze" coords="371,17,512,37" title="Eduard Shevardnadze" alt="Eduard Shevardnadze"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" coords="38,4,174,25" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia" alt="Zviad Gamsakhurdia"></map><img usemap="#timeline_mryy17xceh7ph9dxejk2p3doce6157c" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/mryy17xceh7ph9dxejk2p3doce6157c.png"></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="#Administration">Presidential Administration of Georgia</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/labor-remuneration.pdf">https://www.transparency.ge/sites/default/files/labor-remuneration.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dfwatch.net/georgia-increases-the-presidents-salary-48908-24913">"Georgia increases the president's salary"</a>. Democracy & Freedom Watch. 11 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Georgia+increases+the+president%27s+salary&rft.pub=Democracy+%26+Freedom+Watch&rft.date=2013-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdfwatch.net%2Fgeorgia-increases-the-presidents-salary-48908-24913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 49, Section 1–3 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Georgian and Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.ge/archive/3825/3825-02.pdf">The Law of the Republic of Georgia on the Introduction of the Post of President of the Republic of Georgia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120153813/http://www.parliament.ge/archive/3825/3825-02.pdf">Archived</a> 20 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Georgia" title="Parliament of Georgia">Parliament of Georgia</a> Archive. Accessed on 17 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 25, Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 50, Section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cons51-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cons51_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 51, Section 4 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 50, Section 1–6 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article 48, Section 1, 3, 6 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Constitution of Georgia (country)">Constitution of Georgia (country)</a> (2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/30346">"საქართველოს კონსტიტუცია"</a>. <i>სსიპ ”საქართველოს საკანონმდებლო მაცნე”</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9E+%E2%80%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D+%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E2%80%9D&rft.atitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmatsne.gov.ge%2Fka%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F30346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ssps1-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ssps1_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssps.gov.ge/index.php?a=main&pid=5&lang=geo">History</a>. Special State Protection Service of Georgia. Accessed on 24 April 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chieftain.com/story/special/1991/04/15/georgians-create-powerful-presidency/8602787007/">"Georgians create powerful presidency"</a>. <i>The Pueblo Chieftain</i>. 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pueblo+Chieftain&rft.atitle=Georgians+create+powerful+presidency&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chieftain.com%2Fstory%2Fspecial%2F1991%2F04%2F15%2Fgeorgians-create-powerful-presidency%2F8602787007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/04/15/georgian-parliament-elects-new-president//">"Georgian parliament elects new president"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Times" title="Tampa Bay Times">Tampa Bay Times</a></i>. 15 April 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Georgian+parliament+elects+new+president&rft.date=1991-04-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1991%2F04%2F15%2Fgeorgian-parliament-elects-new-president%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-civil1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-civil1_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=30474">"Key Points of Newly Adopted Constitution"</a>. <i>Civil Georgia</i>. 27 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Civil+Georgia&rft.atitle=Key+Points+of+Newly+Adopted+Constitution&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcivil.ge%2Feng%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D30474&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/34984?publication=0">"საქართველოს პრეზიდენტის ადმინისტრაციის შექმნის შესახებ"</a>. www.matsne.gov.ge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1+%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91&rft.pub=www.matsne.gov.ge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.matsne.gov.ge%2Fka%2Fdocument%2Fview%2F34984%3Fpublication%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APresident+of+Georgia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.ge">Official website</a></span></span> of the President of Georgia</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&oldid=1259173769">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&oldid=1259173769</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=President_of_Georgia&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="CardboardLamp" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732391520"> <span>Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 19:52</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_president" title="Georgia president – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Georgia president" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgie_Foresittend" title="Georgie Foresittend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Georgie Foresittend" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس جورجيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رئيس جورجيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Xeorxa" title="Presidente de Xeorxa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Presidente de Xeorxa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гуржистаналъул президент – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гуржистаналъул президент" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Грузияның президенты – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Грузияның президенты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прэзідэнт Грузіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Прэзідэнт Грузіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%96" title="Прэзыдэнт Грузіі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Прэзыдэнт Грузіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Президент на Грузия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Президент на Грузия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_de_Ge%C3%B2rgia" title="President de Geòrgia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="President de Geòrgia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezident_Gruzie" title="Prezident Gruzie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prezident Gruzie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiens_pr%C3%A6sidenter" title="Georgiens præsidenter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Georgiens præsidenter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CE%B5%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πρόεδρος της Γεωργίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόεδρος της Γεωργίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Georgia" title="Presidente de Georgia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Presidente de Georgia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="رئیس‌جمهور گرجستان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس‌جمهور گرجستان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_de_la_G%C3%A9orgie" title="Président de la Géorgie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Président de la Géorgie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_Xeorxia" title="Presidente de Xeorxia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Presidente de Xeorxia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%ED%86%B5%EB%A0%B9" title="조지아의 대통령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지아의 대통령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B0" title="Վրաստանի նախագահ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վրաստանի նախագահ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80" title="जॉर्जिया के राष्ट्रपति की सूची – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉर्जिया के राष्ट्रपति की सूची" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsjednik_Gruzije" title="Predsjednik Gruzije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Predsjednik Gruzije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Гуырдзыстоны президент – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гуырдзыстоны президент" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_della_Georgia" title="Presidente della Georgia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Presidente della Georgia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%90_%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="נשיא גאורגיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נשיא גאורגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საქართველოს პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Претседател на Грузија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Претседател на Грузија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საქორთუოშ პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საქორთუოშ პრეზიდენტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="رئيس جورجيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رئيس جورجيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiden_Georgia" title="Presiden Georgia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Presiden Georgia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Грузиянь президентне – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Грузиянь президентне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_van_Georgi%C3%AB" title="President van Georgië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="President van Georgië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%A7%E7%B5%B1%E9%A0%98" title="ジョージアの大統領 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージアの大統領" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prezydenci_Gruzji" title="Prezydenci Gruzji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prezydenci Gruzji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_da_Ge%C3%B3rgia" title="Presidente da Geórgia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Presidente da Geórgia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre%C8%99edintele_Georgiei" title="Președintele Georgiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Președintele Georgiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Президент Грузии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Президент Грузии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidentja_e_Gjeorgjis%C3%AB" title="Presidentja e Gjeorgjisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Presidentja e Gjeorgjisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="President of Georgia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predsednik_Gruzije" title="Predsednik Gruzije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Predsednik Gruzije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Предсједник Грузије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Предсједник Грузије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian_presidentti" title="Georgian presidentti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Georgian presidentti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiens_president" title="Georgiens president – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Georgiens president" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangulo_ng_Heorhiya" title="Pangulo ng Heorhiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pangulo ng Heorhiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜியாவின் குடியரசுத் தலைவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜியாவின் குடியரசுத் தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D2%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Президентҳои Гурҷистон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Президентҳои Гурҷистон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrcistan_devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Gürcistan devlet başkanı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gürcistan devlet başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%93%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%97" title="Президент Грузії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Президент Грузії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidente_de_%C5%82a_Zeorza" title="Presidente de ła Zeorza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Presidente de ła Zeorza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%95ng_th%E1%BB%91ng_Gruzia" title="Tổng thống Gruzia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tổng thống Gruzia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%AD%AF%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9E%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1" title="格魯吉亞總統 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="格魯吉亞總統" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" 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