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For the American academic and administrator, see <a href="/wiki/John_Edgar_Endicott" title="John Edgar Endicott">John Edgar Endicott</a>. For the politician from Dedham, see <a href="/wiki/John_Endicott_(Dedham)" title="John Endicott (Dedham)">John Endicott (Dedham)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">John Endecott</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg/220px-JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/JohnEndecottPortrait.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st, 10th, 13th, 15th, and 17th <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1629–1630</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1644–1645</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1649–1650</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1651–1654</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1655–1664</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Commissioner of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">United Colonies</a> for <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1646–1648</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1658–1658</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">unknown; before 1600<br /><a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, possibly</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1664/1665 (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Tomb 189, <a href="/wiki/Granary_Burying_Ground" title="Granary Burying Ground">Granary Burying Ground</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Jane Francis (died 1629)</li><li>Elizabeth Gibson Married (m. 1630–1665)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Endecott_Sig.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Endecott's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/John_Endecott_Sig.svg/128px-John_Endecott_Sig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/John_Endecott_Sig.svg/192px-John_Endecott_Sig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/John_Endecott_Sig.svg/256px-John_Endecott_Sig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="147" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Endecott</b> (also spelled <b>Endicott</b>; 1588 – 15 March 1665),<sup id="cite_ref-dates_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> regarded as one of the Fathers of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the longest-serving governor of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth of Massachusetts</a>. He served a total of 16 years, including most of the last 15 years of his life. When not serving as governor, he was involved in other elected and appointed positions from 1628 to 1665 except for the single year of 1634. </p><p>Endecott was a zealous and somewhat hotheaded <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritan</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist polity">Separatist</a> attitudes toward the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Church">Anglican Church</a>. This sometimes put him at odds with <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformist</a> views that were dominant among the colony's early leaders, which became apparent when he gave shelter to the vocally Separatist <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a>. Endecott also argued that women should dress modestly and that men should keep their hair short, and issued judicial decisions banishing individuals who held religious views that did not accord well with those of the Puritans. He notoriously defaced the English flag because he saw <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Cross">St George's Cross</a> as a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">papacy</a>, and had four <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> put to death for returning to the colony after their banishment. An expedition he led in 1636 is considered the opening offensive in the <a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a>, which practically destroyed the <a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequot</a> tribe as an entity. </p><p>Endecott used some of his properties to propagate fruit trees; <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Pear_Tree" title="Endicott Pear Tree">a pear tree</a> he planted still lives in <a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers, Massachusetts</a>. He also engaged in one of the earliest attempts to develop a mining industry in the colonies when copper ore was found on his land. His name is found on <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Rock_Historic_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="Endicott Rock Historic Site">a rock</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipesaukee" title="Lake Winnipesaukee">Lake Winnipesaukee</a>, carved by surveyors sent to identify the Massachusetts colony's northern border in 1652. Places and institutions are named for him, and (like many early colonists) he has several notable descendants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg/175px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg.png" decoding="async" width="175" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg/263px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg/350px-Coat_of_Arms_of_John_Endicott.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of John Endecott</figcaption></figure> <p>Little is known of Endecott's origins. 19th century biographers believed he hailed from <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Dorset" title="Dorchester, Dorset">Dorchester, Dorset</a>, due to his significant later association with people from that area.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 20th century, historian <a href="/wiki/Roper_Lethbridge" title="Roper Lethbridge">Roper Lethbridge</a> proposed that Endecott was born circa 1588 in or near <a href="/wiki/Chagford" title="Chagford">Chagford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-And644_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And644-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 16th century the prominent Endecott family, together with the Whiddons, Knapmans and Lethbridges, owned most of the mines around the <a href="/wiki/Stannary" title="Stannary">stannary</a> town of Chagford, which might—if he is indeed from this family—explain his interest in developing copper mining. (Based on this evidence, Chagford now has a house from the period named in Endecott's honour.)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, more recent research by the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Historic_Genealogical_Society" title="New England Historic Genealogical Society">New England Historic Genealogical Society</a> has identified problems with Lethbridge's claims, which they dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-And644_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And644-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to their research, Endecott may have been born in or near Chagford, but there is no firm evidence for this, nor is there evidence that identifies his parents. They conclude, based on available evidence, that he was probably born no later than 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-And644_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And644-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A John Endecott was active in <a href="/wiki/Devon" title="Devon">Devon</a> early in the 17th century, but there is no firm evidence connecting him to this Endecott.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Very little is known of Endecott's life before his association with colonisation efforts in the 1620s. He was known to Sir <a href="/wiki/Edward_Coke" title="Edward Coke">Edward Coke</a>, and may have come to know <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Williams (theologian)">Roger Williams</a> through this connection.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was highly literate, and spoke French.<sup id="cite_ref-And644_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And644-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some early colonial documents refer to him as "Captain Endecott", indicating some military experience, and other records suggest he had some medical training.<sup id="cite_ref-E12_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E12-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlement_in_the_New_World">Settlement in the New World</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Settlement in the New World"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1627/28,<sup id="cite_ref-dates_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott was one of seven signatories to a land grant given to "The New England Company for a Plantation in Massachusetts" (or the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Company" title="New England Company">New England Company</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Earl of Warwick</a> on behalf of the <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Council_for_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Plymouth Council for New England">Plymouth Council for New England</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the council was at the time the umbrella organisation overseeing English colonisation efforts in North America between 40 and 48 degrees latitude.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endecott was chosen to lead the first expedition, and sailed for the New World aboard the <i>Abigail</i> with fifty or so "planters and servants" on 20 June 1628.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement they organized was first called Naumkeag, after <a href="/wiki/Naumkeag_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Naumkeag tribe">the local Indian tribe</a>, but was eventually renamed <a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a> in 1629.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area was already occupied by settlers of the failed <a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Company" title="Dorchester Company">Dorchester Company</a>, some of whose backers also participated in the New England Company. This group of <a href="/wiki/Old_Planters_(Massachusetts)" title="Old Planters (Massachusetts)">earlier settlers</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Conant_(Salem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Conant (Salem)">Roger Conant</a>, had migrated from a settlement on <a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann" title="Cape Ann">Cape Ann</a> (near present-day <a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester, Massachusetts</a>) after it was abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott was not formally named governor of the new colony until it was issued a royal charter in 1629. At that time, he was appointed governor by the Company's council in London, and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Craddock" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Craddock">Matthew Craddock</a> was named the Company's governor in London.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Endicott_pear.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Endicott_pear.jpeg/220px-Endicott_pear.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Endicott_pear.jpeg/330px-Endicott_pear.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Endicott_pear.jpeg/440px-Endicott_pear.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="769" data-file-height="573" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Pear_Tree" title="Endicott Pear Tree">Endicott Pear Tree</a> in 1997</figcaption></figure> <p>Endecott's responsibility was to establish the colony and to prepare it for the arrival of additional settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The winters of 1629 and 1630 were difficult compared to those in England, and he called on the Plymouth Colony for medical assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife, who had been ill on the voyage over, died that winter.<sup id="cite_ref-E26_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-E26-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other difficulties he encountered included early signs of religious friction among the colony's settlers (dividing between <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformists</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Puritans_in_North_America" title="History of the Puritans in North America">Separatists</a>), and poor relations with <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Morton_(colonist)" title="Thomas Morton (colonist)">Thomas Morton</a>, whose failed <a href="/wiki/Wessagusset_Colony" title="Wessagusset Colony">Wessagusset Colony</a> and libertine practices (which included a <a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">maypole</a> and dancing) were anathema to the conservative <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritanism</a> practiced by most settlers in the Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies. Early in his term as governor he visited the abandoned site of Morton's colony and had the maypole taken down.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When one group of early settlers wanted to establish a church independent of that established by the colonial leadership, he had their leaders summarily sent back to England.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_1630s">Early 1630s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early 1630s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endecott's first tenure as governor came to an end in 1630, with the arrival of <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a> and the colonial charter. The company had reorganised itself, relocating its seat to the colony itself, with Winthrop as its sole governor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After seeing the conditions at Salem, Winthrop decided to relocate the colony's seat at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Charles_River" title="Charles River">Charles River</a>, where he founded what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott, who was chosen as one of the governor's Assistants (a precursor to the later notion of a <a href="/wiki/Governor%27s_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a>), chose to remain in Salem, where he was one of its leading citizens for the rest of his life, serving in roles as town councilor and militia leader, in addition to statewide roles as militia leader, magistrate, deputy governor, and governor. He established a plantation called "Orchard" in Salem Village (now known as <a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers</a>), where he cultivated seedlings of fruit trees. One particular pear tree, brought over as a sapling on one of the early settlement convoys, still lives and bears fruit; it is known as the <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Pear_Tree" title="Endicott Pear Tree">Endicott Pear Tree</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg/260px-EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg/390px-EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg/520px-EndicottCuttingFlag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>Illustration by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a> showing Endecott defacing the English flag. Pyle has incorrectly depicted the flag as a <a href="/wiki/Union_Jack" title="Union Jack">Union Jack</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_England" title="Flag of England">flag at the time</a> only contained <a href="/wiki/Saint_George%27s_Cross" title="Saint George's Cross">Saint George's Cross</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1630s the religious conflict between the <a href="/wiki/Nonconformist_(Protestantism)" title="Nonconformist (Protestantism)">Nonconformists</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_Puritanism#Separatist" title="Definitions of Puritanism">Separatists</a> was the primary source of political disagreement in the colony, and it was embodied by the churches established in Boston and Salem. The Salem church adhered to Separatist teachings, which sought a complete break with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>, while Nonconformist teachings, which were held by Winthrop and most of the colonial leadership in Boston, sought to reform the Anglican church from within.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The arrival in Boston in 1631 of <a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a>, an avowed Separatist, heightened this conflict. Authorities there banished him, and he first went to Salem, where, due to Endecott's intervention, he was offered a position as a teacher in the local church. When word of this reached Boston, Endecott was criticised for supporting Williams, who was banished from the colony.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Williams went to Plymouth, but returned to Salem a few years later, becoming the church's unofficial pastor following the death of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Skelton" title="Samuel Skelton">Samuel Skelton</a> in 1634.<sup id="cite_ref-M90_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M90-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boston authorities called for his arrest after he made what they viewed as treasonous and heretical statements; he fled, eventually establishing <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this time Endecott argued that women should be veiled in church,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and controversially defaced the local militia's flag, because it bore <a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="St George's Cross">St George's Cross</a>, which Williams claimed was a symbol of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">papacy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This action is celebrated in <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>'s story, "Endicott and the Red Cross",<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the writer presents the "tension between Endecott as a symbol of religious intolerance and as emblem of heroic resistance to foreign domination of New England."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott did this at a time when the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council">Privy Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">King Charles I</a> was examining affairs in Massachusetts, and the colonial administration was concerned that a strong response was needed to prevent the loss of the colonial charter.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott was censured for the rashness of his action (and not for the act itself), and deprived of holding any offices for one year; 1635 was the only year in which he held no office.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The committee managing the colonial militia voted that year to stop using the English flag as its standard.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the incident, and the refusal of the colonial assembly to grant Salem additional land on the <a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead Neck</a> because of Williams' presence in Salem, the Salem church circulated a letter to other churches in the colony, calling the legislative act a heinous sin.<sup id="cite_ref-M90_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M90-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the authorship of the letter is uncertain, Endecott defended the letter when summoned to Boston, and was consequently jailed for a day; after "he came and acknowledged his fault, he was discharged."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pequot_War">Pequot War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pequot War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pequot_War" title="Pequot War">Pequot War</a></div> <p>In 1636 the boat of Massachusetts trader <a href="/wiki/John_Oldham_(colonist)" title="John Oldham (colonist)">John Oldham</a> was seen anchored off <a href="/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a>, swarming with Indians. The Indians fled at the approach of the investigating colonists, and Oldham's body was found below the main deck.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The attackers were at the time believed to be from tribes affiliated with the <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Narragansett (tribe)">Narragansetts</a>, but Narragansett leaders claimed that those responsible had fled to the protection of the <a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-B267_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B267-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time the Pequots were aggressively expansionist in their dealings with the surrounding native tribes (including the Narragansett), but had generally kept the peace with the English colonists of present-day southern New England. The accusation of the Narraganssetts angered Massachusetts authorities (then under governor <a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Henry Vane</a>), who were already upset that the Pequots had earlier failed to turn over men implicated in killing another trader on the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_River" title="Connecticut River">Connecticut River</a>. This second perceived affront produced calls in Massachusetts for action against the Pequots.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1636 Governor Vane placed Endecott at the head of a 90-man force to extract justice from the Pequots.<sup id="cite_ref-C109_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C109-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg/240px-EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg/360px-EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg/480px-EndicottBlockIsland1636.jpg 2x" data-file-width="714" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Engraving depicting Endecott's men landing on <a href="/wiki/Block_Island" title="Block Island">Block Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Endecott's instructions were to go to Block Island, where he was to kill all of the Indian men and take captive the women and children.<sup id="cite_ref-B267_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-B267-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was then to go to the Pequots on the mainland, where he was to make three demands: first, that the killers of Oldham and the other trader be surrendered; second, that a payment of one thousand <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathoms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Wampum" title="Wampum">wampum</a> be made; and third, that some Pequot children be delivered to serve as hostages.<sup id="cite_ref-C109_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C109-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endecott executed these instructions with zeal. Although most of the Indians on Block Island only briefly opposed the English landing there, he spent two days destroying their villages, crops and canoes; most of the Indians on the island successfully eluded English searches for them. English reports claimed as many as 14 Indians were killed, but the Narragansetts only reported one fatality.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott then sailed for <a href="/wiki/Saybrook,_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Saybrook, Connecticut">Saybrook</a>, an English settlement at the mouth of the Connecticut River. <a href="/wiki/Lion_Gardiner" title="Lion Gardiner">Lion Gardiner</a>, the leader there, angrily informed Endecott when he learned of the mission's goals, "You come hither to raise these wasps around my ears, and then you will take wing and flee away."<sup id="cite_ref-C113_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C113-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After some discussion and delays due to bad weather, Gardiner and a company of his men agreed to accompany the Massachusetts force to raid the Pequot harvest stores.<sup id="cite_ref-C113_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C113-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When they arrived at the Pequot village near the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Thames_River_(Connecticut)" title="Thames River (Connecticut)">Thames River</a>, they returned the friendly greetings of the inhabitants with stony silence. Eventually a Pequot sachem rowed out to meet them; the English delivered their demands, threatening war if they did not receive satisfaction.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the sachem left to discuss the matter in the village, Endecott gave a promise to await his return; however, shortly after the sachem left, he began landing his fully armed men on shore. The sachem rushed back, claiming the senior tribal leaders were away on <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a>; Endecott responded that this was a lie, and ordered an attack on the village.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the villagers got away, and once again the expedition's activity was reduced to destroying the village and seizing its crop stores; Gardiner reported that "[t]he Bay-men killed not a man."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completing this work, Endecott and the Massachusetts men boarded their boats to return to Boston, leaving Gardiner and his men to finish the removal of the crops. The Pequots regrouped and launched an attack on Gardiner's party whose armor protected them from the arrowfire, but their escape was nevertheless difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historian Alfred Cave describes Endecott's actions as a "heavy-handed provocation of an Indian war."<sup id="cite_ref-C119_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C119-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the surrounding colonies protested the action, complaining that the lives of their citizens were placed in jeopardy by the raid.<sup id="cite_ref-C119_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-C119-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Pequots had previously been relatively peaceful with the English, Endecott's raid had the effect Gardiner predicted and feared. Communities on the Connecticut River were attacked in April 1637, and Gardiner was virtually besieged in Saybrook by Pequot forces.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott had no further role in the war, which ended with the destruction of the Pequots as a tribe; their land was divided up by the colonies and their Indian allies in the 1638 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford_(1638)" title="Treaty of Hartford (1638)">Treaty of Hartford</a>, and the surviving tribespeople were distributed among their neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One captive, an <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">enslaved</a> Pequot boy, was sold to Endecott in 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_terms_as_governor">Later terms as governor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later terms as governor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Endecott was elected deputy governor in 1641<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in this role was one of the signatories to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Body_of_Liberties" title="Massachusetts Body of Liberties">Massachusetts Body of Liberties</a>, which enumerated a number of <a href="/wiki/Individual_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Individual rights">individual rights</a> available to all colonists, and presaged the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">United States Bill of Rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next few years were quiet, although rumors of war with the Indians led to the formation in 1643 of the <a href="/wiki/New_England_Confederation" title="New England Confederation">New England Confederation</a>, designed to facilitate united action by the New England colonies against common external threats as well as internal matters such as dealing with <a href="/wiki/Fugitive_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Fugitive slaves in the United States">escaped slaves</a> and fugitives from justice.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1643, Governor Winthrop became embroiled in a controversy over the propriety of taking sides in <a href="/wiki/Acadian_Civil_War" title="Acadian Civil War">a power struggle</a> going on in neighbouring French <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>. Endecott pointed out that he should have let the French fight amongst themselves without English involvement, as this would weaken them both.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1644 governor's election became a referendum on Winthrop's policy; Endecott was elected governor, with Winthrop as his deputy.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his one-year term he oversaw the division of the colony into four counties: <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ascent of the Salem-based Endecott also prompted an attempt by other Salem residents to have the colonial capital relocated there; the attempt was rejected by the governor's council of assistants.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fallout from the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a> (begun in 1642) also permeated Boston during Endecott's tenure. Two ships, one with a <a href="/wiki/Royalist_(cavalier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalist (cavalier)">Royalist</a> captain, the other with a <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarian</a> captain, arrived in Boston, and the Parliamentarian sought to seize the Royalist ship. After much deliberation, Endecott's councils essentially adopted support of the Parliamentarian position, reserving the right to declare independence if the Parliament "should hereafter be a malignant spirit."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Parliamentarian was permitted to seize the Royalist vessel, and the colony also began seizing Royalist vessels that came into port.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thomas Dudley was elected governor in 1645, with Winthrop as his deputy. Endecott, as a consolation, was given command of the colonial militia, reporting to the governor.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also once again made a governor's assistant, and was chosen to represent the colony to the confederation in 1646.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The threat of Indian conflicts in neighbouring colonies prompted the colony to raise its defensive profile, in which Endecott played a leading role.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winthrop was reelected governor in 1646; after his death in 1649, Endecott succeeded him as governor. By annual re-elections Endecott served nearly continuously until his death in 1664/5; for two periods (1650–1651 and 1654–1655) he was deputy governor.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911382_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911382-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1639 Endecott had been granted several hundred acres of land north of Salem, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Boxford,_Massachusetts" title="Boxford, Massachusetts">Boxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Topsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Topsfield, Massachusetts">Topsfield</a>. The tract was not formally laid out until 1659, but as early as 1651 Endecott was granted an additional "three hundred acres of land to tend the furtherance of a copper works" that was adjacent to his land.<sup id="cite_ref-THS17_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THS17-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott hired <a href="/wiki/Richard_Leader" title="Richard Leader">Richard Leader</a>, an early settler who had done pioneering work at <a href="/wiki/Saugus_Iron_Works_National_Historic_Site" title="Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site">an iron works</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a>, but the efforts to develop the site for copper processing failed.<sup id="cite_ref-THS17_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THS17-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A persistent shortage of <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coinage</a> in all of the colonies prompted Massachusetts to establish a <a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">mint</a> on 27 May 1652, and begin production of coins from its silver reserves.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This act solved a practical problem, but the colony had no authority to do so from the crown.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this did not become an issue while Endecott was governor, it eventually became a source of controversy with the crown, and the mint had apparently ceased operations around 1682.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colony's boundaries expanded somewhat during Endecott's tenure, mainly in the 1650s. In addition to formally claiming present-day <a href="/wiki/Stonington,_Connecticut" title="Stonington, Connecticut">Stonington, Connecticut</a> as spoils from the Pequot War, Endecott sought to establish the colony's northern boundary. In 1652 he sent a commission with surveyors to locate the most northerly point on the <a href="/wiki/Merrimack_River" title="Merrimack River">Merrimack River</a>, since the colonial grant defined its northern border as 3 miles (4.8 km) north of that river. These surveyors were led by Indian guides to the outlet of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Winnipesaukee" title="Lake Winnipesaukee">Lake Winnipesaukee</a> which was claimed by the guides to be the source of the Merrimack.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that location, the party incised an inscription on <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Rock" title="Endicott Rock">a rock</a> that survives, and is now located in a small <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> state park.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When this survey line was extended eastward, the boundary was determined to fall on the coast at <a href="/wiki/Casco_Bay" title="Casco Bay">Casco Bay</a>, and the colony thus claimed most of what is now southern <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and New Hampshire.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_intolerance">Religious intolerance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Religious intolerance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg/170px-MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg/255px-MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg/340px-MaryDyerByHowardPyle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="855" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a> being led to the gallows in 1660 (painting by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Pyle" title="Howard Pyle">Howard Pyle</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>One written statement made early in his tenure in May 1649 showed Endecott's dislike of a fashionable trend toward long hair: "Forasmuch as the wearing of long haire after the manner of Ruffians and barbarous Indians, hath begun to invade new England contrary to the rule of gods word ... Wee the Magistrates who have subscribed [signed] this paper ... doe declare and manifest our dislike and detestation against the wearing of such long haire."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1651 he presided over a legal case in which three people were accused of being <a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a>, a practice that had been banned in the colony in 1644.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In convicting <a href="/wiki/John_Clarke_(Baptist_minister)" title="John Clarke (Baptist minister)">John Clarke</a> and sentencing him to either pay a fine or be <a href="/wiki/Flagellation" title="Flagellation">whipped</a>, Endecott, according to Clarke's account of the exchange, told Clarke that he "deserved death, and said he would not have such trash brought into his jurisdiction."<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clarke refused to pay the fine; it was paid by friends against his wishes, and he returned to Rhode Island.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the three men convicted, only <a href="/wiki/Obadiah_Holmes" title="Obadiah Holmes">Obadiah Holmes</a> was whipped; <a href="/wiki/John_Crandall" title="John Crandall">John Crandall</a>, out on bond, returned to Rhode Island with Clarke.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> consolidated his control over England in the early 1650s, he began a crackdown on religious communities that dissented from his religious views.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This notably included Baptists and <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>, and these groups began their own migration to the North American colonies to escape persecution. Those that first arrived in Boston in 1656 were promptly deported by Endecott's deputy, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a>, while Endecott was in Salem. More Quakers arrived while Endecott was resident in Boston, and he had them imprisoned pending trial and deportation.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He met several times with the Quaker Mary Prince, after receiving an "outrageous letter" from her.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The meetings were apparently fruitless, and she and the other Quakers were deported. Following these acts, the members of the New England Confederation all adopted measures for the prompt removal of Quakers from their jurisdictions.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:45%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>And on his horse, with Rawson, his cruel clerk at hand,<br /> Sat dark and haughty Endicott, the ruler of the land. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Excerpt from "Cassandra Southwick" by <a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The measures adopted were insufficient to prevent the influx of these perceived undesirables, so harsher measures were enacted. Repeat offenders were to be punished by having ears cut off, and, on the third offense, to have the tongue "bored through with a hot iron".<sup id="cite_ref-M241_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M241-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1658 the punishment for the third offense had been raised to death, "except they do then and there plainly and publicly renounce their said cursed opinions and devilish tenets."<sup id="cite_ref-M241_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M241-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1658 the death penalty was enacted for the second offense in Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-M243_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M243-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One year later, three Quakers were arrested and sentenced to death under this law. Two of them, Marmaduke Stephenson and William Robinson, were hanged, while the third, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a>, received a reprieve at the last minute.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo,_p._244_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo,_p._244-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dyer returned to the colony in 1660, and, under questioning by Endecott and the other magistrates, refused to either recant her beliefs or agree to permanent banishment from the colony. She was hanged on 1 June 1660; she, Stephenson, Robinson, and William Leddra (hanged in 1661) are now known as the <a href="/wiki/Boston_martyrs" title="Boston martyrs">Boston martyrs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The severity of these acts was recognized by the colonists as problematic, and the laws were changed so that execution was the penalty for the fifth offense.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The poor treatment of Quakers and other religious dissenters would be cited as one of the reasons for revocation of the colonial charter in 1684.)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endecott's role in the treatment of the Quakers was immortalized by <a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a> in his poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Cassandra_Southwick_(poem)" title="The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick (poem)">The Ballad of Cassandra Southwick</a>," named for another Quaker who suffered persecution along with husband Lawrence and at least three of her six children, daughter Provided and sons Daniel and Josiah, while Endecott was governor. Whittier characterized Endecott as "dark and haughty", and exhibiting "bitter hate and scorn" for the Quaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Mayo,_p._244_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mayo,_p._244-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a> recreated the trial of <a href="/wiki/Wenlock_Christison" title="Wenlock Christison">Wenlock Christison</a> in "John Endicott", one of three dramatic poems in a collection called <i>New England Tragedies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Longfellow_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Longfellow-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christison was the last Quaker Endecott sentenced to death for returning to Massachusetts after having been banished. He was not executed, however, because the law was changed shortly after his sentencing.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a> described Endecott in "<a href="/wiki/Twice-Told_Tales#Contents" title="Twice-Told Tales">The Gentle Boy</a>", whose title character is the six-year-old son of William and Mary Dyer, as "a man of narrow mind and imperfect education, and his uncompromising bigotry was made hot and mischievous by violent and hasty passions; he exerted his influence indecorously and unjustifiably to compass the death of the enthusiasts [i.e., the Quakers]; and his whole contact, in respect to them, was marked by brutal cruelty."<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though the Puritan colonists of New England were supportive of Oliver Cromwell's reign in England, they were not always receptive to Cromwell's suggestions. In response to a proposal by Cromwell that New Englanders migrate to <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> to increase its Protestant population, the Massachusetts assembly drafted a polite response, signed by Endecott, indicating that its people were happy where they were.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_Restoration">English Restoration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: English Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(Colonies)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (Colonies)">Restoration (Colonies)</a></div> <p>In July 1660 word arrived in Boston that <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> had <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">been restored</a> to the English throne. This was an immediate cause for concern in all of the colonies that had supported Cromwell, since their charters might be revoked. In Boston it created a more difficult problem for <a href="/wiki/Edward_Whalley" title="Edward Whalley">Edward Whalley</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Goffe" title="William Goffe">William Goffe</a>, two of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_regicides_of_Charles_I" title="List of regicides of Charles I">"regicide" commissioners who had voted to execute Charles I</a>. Although Charles promised in the 1660 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Breda" title="Declaration of Breda">Declaration of Breda</a> that all were pardoned except by act of Parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Indemnity_and_Oblivion_Act_1660" class="mw-redirect" title="Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660">Indemnity and Oblivion Act 1660</a> singled out all of the regicides for punishment. Whalley and Goffe moved freely about the Boston area for some time, and Endecott refused to order their arrest until word arrived of the passage of the Indemnity Act.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott then issued a warrant for their arrest on 8 March 1661. It is unknown whether <a href="/wiki/Goffe_and_Whalley" title="Goffe and Whalley">Whalley and Goffe</a> had advance warning of the warrant, but they fled, apparently to the New Haven area.<sup id="cite_ref-M260_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M260-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_II_(de_Champaigne).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg/170px-Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg/255px-Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg/340px-Charles_II_%28de_Champaigne%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Portrait of <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>, c. 1653</figcaption></figure> <p>Endecott's warrant was followed by an order issued by King Charles in March and received by Endecott in May 1661 containing a direct order to apprehend the two fugitives and ship them back to England.<sup id="cite_ref-M260_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M260-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott dutifully obeyed, but he appointed two recently arrived Royalists to track them down.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Somewhat predictably, their search came up empty, and Whalley and Goffe thus escaped. Biographer Lawrence Mayo suggests Endecott would have appointed different men for the search had he been serious about catching them.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Opponents to the rule of the Puritans in Massachusetts were vocal in airing their complaints to the new king. Among their complaints was the fact that Charles' ascension to power had not been formally announced; this only took place in 1661 after Endecott received a chastising order from the king.<sup id="cite_ref-M264_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M264-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prompted the assembly to draft another of several laudatory letters it addressed to the king, congratulating him on his rise to power.<sup id="cite_ref-M264_96-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M264-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mint was claimed to be a bald-faced attempt to devalue good English currency, some colonists complained that the expansion of the colony's borders in 1652 was little more than a land grab, while others put forward claims of administrative malfeasance with respect to funds provided by the crown for the Christianization of Indians, and the Quakers catalogued a long list of grievances.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Believing that it was best to ignore the accusations, Endecott and other members of the old guard opposed sending representatives to London to argue against these charges. Supporters of the idea raised funds in a private subscription, and sent a commission to London.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The colonial mission, led by future governor <a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Simon Bradstreet</a> and pastor <a href="/wiki/John_Norton_(Puritan_divine)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Norton (Puritan divine)">John Norton</a>, was successful, and King Charles announced that he would renew the colonial charter, provided the colony allowed the Church of England to practice there.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Endecott administration dragged its feet on implementation, and after months of inaction, the king sent a commission headed by <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Maverick_(colonist)" title="Samuel Maverick (colonist)">Samuel Maverick</a>, one of the colony's most vocal critics, to investigate.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott had advance warning of what the commission was to investigate, and took steps to address in form, if not in substance, some of the expected actions. Charles insisted that all religious dissenters be freed, which Endecott had done long before Maverick's arrival, but he did so by deporting them.<sup id="cite_ref-M277_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M277-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the commissioners' arrival, the assembly took up the matter of allowing Church of England activity in the colony. They passed a law deliberately using the king's language, allowing anyone "orthodox in religion" to practice in the colony; however, they also defined such orthodoxy as consisting of views that were acceptable to local ministers. This effectively negated the law, because there were probably no ministers in the colony who would agree that Anglicans satisfied their idea of orthodoxy.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Last_years">Last years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1655 the Massachusetts assembly passed a law requiring its governor to live closer to Boston; this was probably done in response to Endecott's sixth consecutive election as governor. Endecott was consequently obliged to acquire a residence in Boston; although he returned to Salem frequently, Boston became his home for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott died in Boston on 15 March 1664/5. Although early accounts claim he was buried at Boston's <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Chapel_Burying_Ground" title="King's Chapel Burying Ground">King's Chapel</a>, later evidence has identified his burial site as tomb 189 in the <a href="/wiki/Granary_Burying_Ground" title="Granary Burying Ground">Granary Burying Ground</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-M284_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-M284-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Endicott,_bw_photo_portrait,_1886.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg/170px-William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg/255px-William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg/340px-William_Endicott%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1886.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption>Endecott descendant <a href="/wiki/William_Crowninshield_Endicott" title="William Crowninshield Endicott">William Crowninshield Endicott</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before he came to the colonies in 1628, Endecott was married to his first wife, Anne Gourer, who was a cousin of Governor <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Craddock" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Craddock">Matthew Craddock</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-And643_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And643-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her death in New England, he was married in 1630 to a woman whose last name was Gibson, and by 1640 he was married to Elizabeth, the daughter of Philobert Cogan of Somersetshire.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is uncertain whether these represent two different wives, or a single wife whose name was Elizabeth (Cogan) Gibson. Due to this uncertainty concerning his wives, it is not known who the mother of his two sons was. There is only firm evidence that he was already married to Elizabeth in 1640, and the records that survive for the 1630s, when his sons were born, do not otherwise identify his wife by name.<sup id="cite_ref-And643_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And643-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endecott's last wife, Elizabeth, was a sister-in-law of the colonial financier and magistrate <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Roger Ludlow</a>. Endecott's two known children were John Endecott and Dr. Zerubabbel Endecott,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> neither of whom, seemingly to his disappointment, followed him into public service.<sup id="cite_ref-And644_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-And644-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also evidence that Endecott fathered another child in his early years in England; in about 1635 he arranged funds and instructions for the care of a minor also named John Endecott.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite his high position, Endecott was never particularly affluent. According to his will, several large tracts of land, including the Orchard estate in Salem and one quarter of Block Island, were distributed to his wife and sons; however, it was also noted that some of his books were sold to pay debts.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One unexpected legacy left behind by Endecott was the uncertain boundaries of the Orchard estate. Several generations later, his descendants were involved in litigation concerning disputed occupancy of part of the estate.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Endecott's descendants include <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Massachusetts governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Endicott_Peabody" title="Endicott Peabody">Endicott Peabody</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">United States Secretary of War</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Crowninshield_Endicott" title="William Crowninshield Endicott">William Crowninshield Endicott</a>. His descendants donated family records dating as far back as the colonial era to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Historical_Society" title="Massachusetts Historical Society">Massachusetts Historical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, the Massachusetts tercentenary was marked by the issuance of a medal bearing Endecott's likeness; it was designed by <a href="/wiki/Laura_Gardin_Fraser" title="Laura Gardin Fraser">Laura Gardin Fraser</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Endicott_College" title="Endicott College">Endicott College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly, Massachusetts</a> (once a part of Salem) is named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Namesakes">Namesakes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Namesakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1831, the <a href="/wiki/Brig" title="Brig">brig</a> <i>Governor Endicott</i>, of Salem, H. H. Jenks, master, was engaged in the <a href="/wiki/Pepper_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepper trade">pepper trade</a> on the coast of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> when she had occasion to help free <a href="/wiki/Friendship_of_Salem#Namesake" title="Friendship of Salem"><i>Friendship</i></a>, also of Salem, Charles Endicott, master, from Malay pirates. He and some of his officers had gone ashore to negotiate for pepper in the town of Quallah Battoo when pirates took over the ship, murdered some of her crew and looted the cargo. Captain Endicott obtained aid from <i>Governor Endicott</i> and the ship <i>James Monroe</i>, of New York, J. Porter, master, to rescue his ship from her captors and return her to Salem, where he arrived 16 July 1831.<sup id="cite_ref-Trow1905_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trow1905-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dates-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dates_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dates_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>, then in use in England, the year began on 25 March. To avoid confusion with dates in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, then in use in other parts of Europe, dates between January and March were often written with both years. Dates in this article are in the Julian calendar unless otherwise noted.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John B. Moore. <i>Memoirs of American Governors</i>. New York: Gates and Stedman. 136 Nassau Street. 1846. p. 362</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endicott, pg. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-And644-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-And644_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-And644_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-And644_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-And644_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-And644_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, pg. 2:644</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722151325/http://www.devon-online.com/towns/chagford/chagford.html">"Chagford"</a>. Devon Online. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.devon-online.com/towns/chagford/chagford.html">the original</a> on 22 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chagford&rft.pub=Devon+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.devon-online.com%2Ftowns%2Fchagford%2Fchagford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E12-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-E12_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endicott, pg. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 7–12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, pg. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 13–15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endicott, p. 28</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 49</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-E26-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-E26_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endicott, pg. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, pg. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moore, pp. 350–351</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 51–52</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 54–58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 72–76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 63–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 65–67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M90-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M90_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M90_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 84–85</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawthorne" class="citation web cs1">Hawthorne, Nathaniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021193159/http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/nhawthorne/bl-nhaw-endi.htm">"Endicott and the Red Cross"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/nhawthorne/bl-nhaw-endi.htm">the original</a> on 21 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endicott+and+the+Red+Cross&rft.aulast=Hawthorne&rft.aufirst=Nathaniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassiclit.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fbl-etexts%2Fnhawthorne%2Fbl-nhaw-endi.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wright, pg. 80</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, pp. 238–239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 87, 90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, pg. 239</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 104</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-B267-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-B267_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-B267_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bremer, pg. 267</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pp. 105–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pp. 100, 107–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C109-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C109_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C109_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pp. 111–112</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C113-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C113_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C113_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pg. 117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cove, pp. 117–118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-C119-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-C119_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-C119_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cove, pg. 119</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pp. 135–136</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cave, pp. 162–163</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radcliffe-harvard-edu-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/3d37f30c-a266-4be8-bd4b-234dca08497f/AppendixI-ListofHumanBeingsEnslavedbyProminentHarvardAffiliates.pdf">list of Human Beings Enslaved by Prominent Harvard Affiliates</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220509144334/https://radcliffe-harvard-edu-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/3d37f30c-a266-4be8-bd4b-234dca08497f/AppendixI-ListofHumanBeingsEnslavedbyProminentHarvardAffiliates.pdf">Archived</a> 9 May 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Radcliffe-harvard-edu-prod.s3.amazonaws.com. Accessed August 29, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 150–151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schwartz, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 166</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 172</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 173–174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 177–178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 179–183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 189–192</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911382-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911382_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>, p. 382.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-THS17-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-THS17_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-THS17_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Topsfield Historical Society, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/MASilver1652Act.intro.html">"The Massachusetts Bay Mint Act of May 26, 1652"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Massachusetts+Bay+Mint+Act+of+May+26%2C+1652&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coins.nd.edu%2FColCoin%2FColCoinIntros%2FMASilver1652Act.intro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, p. 304</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">American Antiquarian Society, pp. 294–301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 221–223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100612210644/http://nhstateparks.org/explore/state-parks/endicott-rock.aspx">"New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation: Endicott Rock"</a>. New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhstateparks.org/explore/state-parks/endicott-rock.aspx">the original</a> on 12 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Hampshire+Division+of+Parks+and+Recreation%3A+Endicott+Rock&rft.pub=New+Hampshire+Division+of+Parks+and+Recreation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhstateparks.org%2Fexplore%2Fstate-parks%2Fendicott-rock.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 225–226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 201</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 212–213</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 214</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 215</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 216–217</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 237</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 240</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Whittier, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M241-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M241_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M241_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M243-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M243_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 243</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mayo,_p._244-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mayo,_p._244_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mayo,_p._244_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 244</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp 248–249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, p. 381</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Longfellow-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Longfellow_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Longfellow, Henry W. <i>Poetical Works</i>. G. Routledge and Sons. 1891. p. 498</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1878" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, Samuel (1878). <i>Wenlock Christison, and the early Friends in Talbot County, Maryland a paper read before the Maryland Historical Society, March 9th, 1874</i>. 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Berlin: Seven Seas Publishers, 1958, p. 29</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 257–259</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M260-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M260_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M260_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 260</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 261</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 262</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M264-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-M264_96-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-M264_96-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 264</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 265–266</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 271</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 274</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M277-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M277_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 233–234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-M284-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-M284_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-And643-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-And643_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-And643_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson, pg. 2:643</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, p. 56</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.genealogybank.com/colonial-massachusetts-paternity-cases-the-endicott-story-part-ii.html">"Colonial Massachusetts Paternity Cases: The Endicott Story, Part II"</a>. <i>GenealogyBank Blog</i>. 12 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GenealogyBank+Blog&rft.atitle=Colonial+Massachusetts+Paternity+Cases%3A+The+Endicott+Story%2C+Part+II&rft.date=2021-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.genealogybank.com%2Fcolonial-massachusetts-paternity-cases-the-endicott-story-part-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pp. 68–69</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChu1987" class="citation journal cs1">Chu, Jonathan (July 1987). "Nursing a Poisonous Tree: Litigation and Property Law in Seventeenth Century Essex County, Massachusetts: The Case of Bishop's Farm". <i>The American Journal of Legal History</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 221–252. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F845691">10.2307/845691</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/845691">845691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Legal+History&rft.atitle=Nursing+a+Poisonous+Tree%3A+Litigation+and+Property+Law+in+Seventeenth+Century+Essex+County%2C+Massachusetts%3A+The+Case+of+Bishop%27s+Farm&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=221-252&rft.date=1987-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F845691&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F845691%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Chu&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131126214929/http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0021">"MHS Endicott Family Papers"</a>. Massachusetts Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masshist.org/findingaids/doc.cfm?fa=fa0021">the original</a> on 26 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MHS+Endicott+Family+Papers&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masshist.org%2Ffindingaids%2Fdoc.cfm%3Ffa%3Dfa0021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110130040016/http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=mg2terminal&L=7&L0=Home&L1=State%2BGovernment&L2=About%2BMassachusetts&L3=Interactive%2BState%2BHouse&L4=History%2BResources&L5=Governors%2Bof%2BMassachusetts&L6=Commonwealth%2Bof%2BMassachusetts%2B%281950-present%29&sid=massgov2&b=terminalcontent&f=interactive_statehouse_govs_peabody&csid=massgov2">"Official biography of Endicott Peabody"</a>. Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=mg2terminal&L=7&L0=Home&L1=State+Government&L2=About+Massachusetts&L3=Interactive+State+House&L4=History+Resources&L5=Governors+of+Massachusetts&L6=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts+%281950-present%29&sid=massgov2&b=terminalcontent&f=interactive_statehouse_govs_peabody&csid=massgov2">the original</a> on 30 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+biography+of+Endicott+Peabody&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2F%3FpageID%3Dmg2terminal%26L%3D7%26L0%3DHome%26L1%3DState%2BGovernment%26L2%3DAbout%2BMassachusetts%26L3%3DInteractive%2BState%2BHouse%26L4%3DHistory%2BResources%26L5%3DGovernors%2Bof%2BMassachusetts%26L6%3DCommonwealth%2Bof%2BMassachusetts%2B%25281950-present%2529%26sid%3Dmassgov2%26b%3Dterminalcontent%26f%3Dinteractive_statehouse_govs_peabody%26csid%3Dmassgov2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mayo, pg. 285</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605141600/http://www.endicott.edu/Admin/ArchivesMuseum-Admin/ArchivesMuseumHistory.aspx">"Endicott College Archives and Museum History"</a>. Endicott College. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endicott.edu/Admin/ArchivesMuseum-Admin/ArchivesMuseumHistory.aspx">the original</a> on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Endicott+College+Archives+and+Museum+History&rft.pub=Endicott+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.endicott.edu%2FAdmin%2FArchivesMuseum-Admin%2FArchivesMuseumHistory.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trow1905-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trow1905_115-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrow1905" class="citation cs2">Trow, Charles Edward (1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cu31924028839152/cu31924028839152_djvu.txt"><i>The old shipmasters of Salem</i></a>, New York and London: G.P. Putnam's Sons, p. 122, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4669778">4669778</a>, <q>[At] Muckis, twenty-five miles distant, [Endicott] found three vessels, among them the brig <i>Governor Endicott</i> ... and the ship <i>James Monroe</i>.... These vessels at once sailed to Quallah-Battoo....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+old+shipmasters+of+Salem&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=G.P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4669778&rft.aulast=Trow&rft.aufirst=Charles+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcu31924028839152%2Fcu31924028839152_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1921" class="citation book cs1">Adams, James Truslow (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foundingnewengl05adamgoog"><i>The Founding of New England</i></a>. Boston, MA: The Atlantic Monthly Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1068441">1068441</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founding+of+New+England&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=The+Atlantic+Monthly+Press&rft.date=1921&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1068441&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=James+Truslow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundingnewengl05adamgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1995" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Robert Charles (1995). <i>The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620–1633</i>. Boston, MA: New England Historic Genealogical Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88082-120-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88082-120-9"><bdi>978-0-88082-120-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/42469253">42469253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Migration+Begins%3A+Immigrants+to+New+England%2C+1620%E2%80%931633&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pub=New+England+Historic+Genealogical+Society&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F42469253&rft.isbn=978-0-88082-120-9&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBremer2003" class="citation book cs1">Bremer, Francis (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/johnwinthropamer00brem"><i>John Winthrop: America's Forgotten Founder</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514913-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514913-5"><bdi>978-0-19-514913-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237802295">237802295</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Winthrop%3A+America%27s+Forgotten+Founder&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237802295&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514913-5&rft.aulast=Bremer&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjohnwinthropamer00brem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCave1996" class="citation book cs1">Cave, Alfred (1996). <i>The Pequot War</i>. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-029-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-029-1"><bdi>978-1-55849-029-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/33405267">33405267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pequot+War&rft.place=Amherst%2C+MA&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F33405267&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-029-1&rft.aulast=Cave&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Endecott, John"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Endecott,_John">"Endecott, John" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 382.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endecott%2C+John&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=382&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEndicott1847" class="citation book cs1">Endicott, Charles M (1847). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_R8ktXPaIhXQC"><i>Memoir of John Endecott</i></a>. Salem, MA: self-published. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1337993">1337993</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoir+of+John+Endecott&rft.place=Salem%2C+MA&rft.pub=self-published&rft.date=1847&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1337993&rft.aulast=Endicott&rft.aufirst=Charles+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_R8ktXPaIhXQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayo1936" class="citation book cs1">Mayo, Lawrence Shaw (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x000457835"><i>John Endecott</i></a>. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1601746">1601746</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Endecott&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1601746&rft.aulast=Mayo&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Duva.x000457835&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1851" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Jacob Bailey (1851). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesgovernorsn00moorgoog"><i>Lives of the Governors of New Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay</i></a>. Boston: C. D. Strong. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/livesgovernorsn00moorgoog/page/n286">273</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11362972">11362972</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Governors+of+New+Plymouth+and+Massachusetts+Bay&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=273&rft.pub=C.+D.+Strong&rft.date=1851&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11362972&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Jacob+Bailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flivesgovernorsn00moorgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1992" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Bernard (1992). <i>The Great Rights of Mankind: a History of the American Bill of Rights</i>. Madison, WI: Rowman and Littlefield. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-945612-27-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-945612-27-8"><bdi>978-0-945612-27-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231305677">231305677</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Rights+of+Mankind%3A+a+History+of+the+American+Bill+of+Rights&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.pub=Rowman+and+Littlefield&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F231305677&rft.isbn=978-0-945612-27-8&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTopsfield_Historical_Society1895" class="citation book cs1">Topsfield Historical Society (1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7ABqPWU-nAUC"><i>The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, Volumes 1–4</i></a>. Topsfield, MA: Topsfield Historical Society. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5046920">5046920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Collections+of+the+Topsfield+Historical+Society%2C+Volumes+1%E2%80%934&rft.place=Topsfield%2C+MA&rft.pub=Topsfield+Historical+Society&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5046920&rft.au=Topsfield+Historical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_7ABqPWU-nAUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittier1876" class="citation book cs1">Whittier, John Greenleaf (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_jWoRAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier</i></a>. Boston: J. R. Osgood. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2509231">2509231</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Poetical+Works+of+John+Greenleaf+Whittier&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=J.+R.+Osgood&rft.date=1876&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2509231&rft.aulast=Whittier&rft.aufirst=John+Greenleaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_jWoRAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2007" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Sarah (2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/criticalcompanio0000wrig"><i>Critical Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne: a Literary Reference to his Life and Work</i></a></span>. New York: Infobase Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5583-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-5583-8"><bdi>978-0-8160-5583-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/470959440">470959440</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Companion+to+Nathaniel+Hawthorne%3A+a+Literary+Reference+to+his+Life+and+Work&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F470959440&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-5583-8&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcriticalcompanio0000wrig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nizoa5CWLFcC"><i>Transactions and Collections, Volume 3</i></a>. American Antiquarian Society. 1857. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nizoa5CWLFcC/page/n449">295</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/66269423">66269423</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transactions+and+Collections%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1857&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F66269423&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_nizoa5CWLFcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolton1919" class="citation book cs1">Bolton, Charles Knowles (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XnU10WcGg-QC&pg=PA385"><i>The Founders: Portraits of Persons Born Abroad Who Came to the Colonies in North America Before the Year 1701, Volume II</i></a>. The Boston Athenaeum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781425492267" title="Special:BookSources/9781425492267"><bdi>9781425492267</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founders%3A+Portraits+of+Persons+Born+Abroad+Who+Came+to+the+Colonies+in+North+America+Before+the+Year+1701%2C+Volume+II&rft.pub=The+Boston+Athenaeum&rft.date=1919&rft.isbn=9781425492267&rft.aulast=Bolton&rft.aufirst=Charles+Knowles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnU10WcGg-QC%26pg%3DPA385&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span> Endecott biography, pp. 385–386.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Endicott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Endicott, John">Endicott, John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a></i>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endicott%2C+John&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography/Endicott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Endicott, John">Endicott, John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Appletons%27_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_of_American_Biography" title="Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography">Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography</a></i>. 1900.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endicott%2C+John&rft.btitle=Appletons%27+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+American+Biography&rft.date=1900&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Endecott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Endecott, John">Endecott, John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endecott%2C+John&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Endicott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Endicott, John">Endicott, John</a>". <i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a></i>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endicott%2C+John&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Endicott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Endicott, John">Endicott, John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endicott%2C+John&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Endicott,_John" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Endicott, John">Endicott, John</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Endicott%2C+John&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Endecott" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> </b><br />1629-1630 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> </b><br />1644-1645 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> </b><br />1649-1650 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> </b><br />1651–1654 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Richard Bellingham</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony">Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> </b><br />1655–1664 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Governors_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Governors_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Governor of Massachusetts">Governors of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Colony <br /> <span class="nobold">(1629–1686)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haynes_(governor)" title="John Haynes (governor)">Haynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger" title="Henry Vane the Younger">Vane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett" title="John Leverett">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Governor_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="527" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion <br /> <span class="nobold">(1686–1689)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Andros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province <br /> <span class="nobold">(1692–1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">W. Phips</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coote,_1st_Earl_of_Bellomont" title="Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont">Bellomont</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Dudley" title="Joseph Dudley">J. Dudley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Shute" title="Samuel Shute">Shute</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burnet_(colonial_administrator)" title="William Burnet (colonial administrator)">Burnet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Belcher" title="Jonathan Belcher">Belcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shirley" title="William Shirley">Shirley</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pownall" title="Thomas Pownall">Pownall</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Bernard,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet">Bernard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gage" title="Thomas Gage">Gage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth <br /> <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">Cushing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bowdoin" title="James Bowdoin">Bowdoin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increase_Sumner" title="Increase Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gill" title="Moses Gill">Gill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Council</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sullivan_(governor)" title="James Sullivan (governor)">Sullivan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">Lincoln Sr.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Brooks_(governor)" title="John Brooks (governor)">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Clifford" title="John H. Clifford">Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emory_Washburn" title="Emory Washburn">E. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Gardner" title="Henry Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew" title="John Albion Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Bullock" title="Alexander Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gaston_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gaston (Massachusetts politician)">Gaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_(governor)" title="Oliver Ames (governor)">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._A._Brackett" title="John Q. A. Brackett">Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Russell_(politician)" title="William E. Russell (politician)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bates" title="John L. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lewis_Douglas" title="William Lewis Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Guild_Jr." title="Curtis Guild Jr.">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Sumner_Draper" title="Eben Sumner Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_B._Ely" title="Joseph B. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hurley" title="Charles F. Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_J._Tobin" title="Maurice J. Tobin">Tobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_A._Dever" title="Paul A. Dever">Dever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Peabody" title="Endicott Peabody">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Volpe" title="John A. Volpe">Volpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Sargent" title="Francis Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._King" title="Edward J. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cellucci" title="Paul Cellucci">Cellucci</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Swift" title="Jane Swift">Swift</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Baker" title="Charlie Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maura_Healey" title="Maura Healey">Healey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate acting officeholders</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lieutenant_governors_of_Massachusetts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Massachusetts" title="Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts"> Lieutenant governors of Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Colony <br /> <span class="nobold">(1629–1686)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Goffe_(Massachusetts)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Goffe (Massachusetts) (page does not exist)">Goffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Humphrey_(Massachusetts_colonist)" title="John Humphrey (Massachusetts colonist)">Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ludlow" title="Roger Ludlow">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">T. Dudley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endecott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bellingham" title="Richard Bellingham">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Willoughby_(1613%E2%80%931671)" title="Francis Willoughby (1613–1671)">Willoughby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leverett" title="John Leverett">Leverett</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Symonds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Symonds (page does not exist)">Symonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bradstreet" title="Simon Bradstreet">Bradstreet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Danforth" title="Thomas Danforth">Danforth</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/75px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/113px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Seal_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="448" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_New_England" title="Dominion of New England">Dominion <br /> <span class="nobold">(1686–1689)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Nicholson" title="Francis Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Massachusetts_Bay" title="Province of Massachusetts Bay">Province <br /> <span class="nobold">(1692–1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Stoughton_(judge)" title="William Stoughton (judge)">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Povey_(Massachusetts)" title="Thomas Povey (Massachusetts)">Povey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dummer" title="William Dummer">Dummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tailer" title="William Tailer">Tailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Phips" title="Spencer Phips">S. Phips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_(governor)" title="Thomas Hutchinson (governor)">Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Oliver" title="Andrew Oliver">A. Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Oliver_(lieutenant_governor)" title="Thomas Oliver (lieutenant governor)">T. Oliver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Commonwealth <br /> <span class="nobold">(since 1776)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cushing" title="Thomas Cushing">T. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Lincoln" title="Benjamin Lincoln">B. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Adams" title="Samuel Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Gill" title="Moses Gill">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Phillips_Jr." title="Samuel Phillips Jr.">S. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robbins" title="Edward Robbins">Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Gray_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Gray (Massachusetts politician)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_Jr." title="William Phillips Jr.">W. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_L._Winthrop" title="Thomas L. Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Turell_Armstrong" title="Samuel Turell Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hull_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="George Hull (Massachusetts politician)">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Childs" title="Henry H. Childs">Childs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Cushman" title="Henry W. Cushman">Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Huntington" title="Elisha Huntington">Huntington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Plunkett" title="William C. Plunkett">Plunkett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Brown_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Simon Brown (Massachusetts politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wetherby_Benchley" title="Henry Wetherby Benchley">Benchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliphalet_Trask" title="Eliphalet Trask">Trask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nesmith" title="John Nesmith">Nesmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Hayden" title="Joel Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Tucker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Tucker (Massachusetts politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Talbot_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Thomas Talbot (Massachusetts politician)">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_G._Knight" title="Horatio G. Knight">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Weston" title="Byron Weston">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Ames_(governor)" title="Oliver Ames (governor)">Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Q._A._Brackett" title="John Q. A. Brackett">Brackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Haile" title="William H. Haile">Haile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Wolcott_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Roger Wolcott (Massachusetts politician)">Wolcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_L._Bates" title="John L. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Guild_Jr." title="Curtis Guild Jr.">Guild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_Sumner_Draper" title="Eben Sumner Draper">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Barry" title="Edward P. Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_D._Cushing" title="Grafton D. Cushing">G. Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">C. Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channing_H._Cox" title="Channing H. Cox">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_G._Allen" title="Frank G. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Youngman" title="William S. Youngman">Youngman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_G._Bacon" title="Gaspar G. Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Hurley" title="Joseph L. Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Kelly" title="Francis E. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_T._Cahill" title="Horace T. Cahill">Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Bradford" title="Robert F. Bradford">Bradford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_W._Coolidge" title="Arthur W. Coolidge">A. Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sullivan" title="Charles F. Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumner_G._Whittier" title="Sumner G. Whittier">Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Murphy_(politician)" title="Robert F. Murphy (politician)">R. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_F._McLaughlin_Jr." title="Edward F. McLaughlin Jr.">McLaughin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bellotti" title="Francis Bellotti">Bellotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Richardson" title="Elliot Richardson">Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Sargent" title="Francis Sargent">Sargent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dwight" title="Donald Dwight">Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._O%27Neill_III" title="Thomas P. O'Neill III">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Murphy" title="Evelyn Murphy">E. Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Cellucci" title="Paul Cellucci">Cellucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Swift" title="Jane Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerry_Healey" title="Kerry Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Murray" title="Tim Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karyn_Polito" title="Karyn Polito">Polito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Driscoll" title="Kim Driscoll">Driscoll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699971#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699971#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm4VH8KccYkbTYywFfjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84014945">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007374075205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6np23gw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&oldid=1255261486">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Endecott&oldid=1255261486</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:16th-century_births" title="Category:16th-century births">16th-century births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1665_deaths" title="Category:1665 deaths">1665 deaths</a></li><li><a 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