CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/xmlrpc.php" />  <title>Identifying Fracture Types – All Things AAFS!</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=441' + '&is_singular='; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9hbGx0aGluZ3NhYWZzLmNvbQ%3D%3D" + "&wpcomid=55285343" + "&time=1740145741"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//x.bidswitch.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.criteo.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ib.adnxs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//aax.amazon-adsystem.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//bidder.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cas.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gum.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//tpc.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ad.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//googleads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagservices.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.g.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.swid.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.teads.tv' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid.media.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fastlane.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid-server.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hb-api.omnitagjs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//mtrx.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apex.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//u.openx.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="All Things AAFS! » Feed" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="All Things AAFS! » Comments Feed" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="All Things AAFS! » Identifying Fracture Types Category Feed" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.7.2-RC1-59780"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/blog-plugins/wordads/global.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/likes/jetpack-likes.css?m=1717404074j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzDEOwyAMheELFQxRpExRzwIEWaQEkG1acfukXbp16Pj09P3wairUIrEItNwxFQbs1/SR8HoownMy2ugJfE95A59reKicPDkawDJy1IH5Bj9DH8WwR2nuzd2oXRRS2v5NkJNUkL/8fqx2mY0xs7XLfgIv0E++&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/misty-lake/style.css?m=1579202016i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='mistylake-open-sans-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300italic,400,400italic,600,600italic,700,700italic&subset=latin,latin-ext' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mistylake-droid-serif-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Droid+Serif%3A400%2C400italic%2C400bold&subset=latin&ver=6.7.2-RC1-59780' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack_facebook_likebox-inline-css'> .widget_facebook_likebox { overflow: hidden; } </style> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-20-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-21-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-24-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcEKwjAQRH/IuA1aehI/ReImJKmb3eAmFP9eW3oRL16GeTC8gaUaFG6BG5RuKvWYWWEOrTp87AxFZA3fKShocs/gnfevrWaOR1Q9wP+mW2YEFcyODEkU/YIfW0uhfH7TGSLJ3dE6uJaLneww2mkYT/MbUOlJHA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"55285343","postID":"0","siteURL":"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"8d1b8bfa59","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/reader\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Shortlink copied to clipboard."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/moon\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9ju8KAiEQxF+oPa+L/n2InsVURNHVdjW7t8+4PkRFMDAw+9thRMvgUIWqDQvfda2G5pcN0eHgeSX+QRCdJVnMO6wSFoPlu7BllSJkSvcZyPSMy48fCmVhPm+XkCzkUK1DFi2RlppBBcm8DFMxi9v0NMCEYHWmXnGOp/V+GrebcXc4+gd5Qlly'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Identifying Fracture Types – All Things AAFS!" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="All Things AAFS!" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=200&ts=1740145741" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@AllThingsAAFS" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AllThingsAAFS" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=32" sizes="16x16" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=114" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://allthingsaafs.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://allthingsaafs.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/osd.xml" title="All Things AAFS!" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="description" content="Posts about Identifying Fracture Types written by All Things AAFS!" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wa_smart = { 'network_id': 3905, 'site_id': 560111, 'page_id': 1700829, 'blog_id': 55285343, 'post_id': null, 'theme': 'pub/misty-lake', 'target': 'wp_blog_id=55285343;language=en', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'top': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135099 }, 'inline': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 110354, 'max_slots': 20, 'max_blaze_slots': 20 }, 'belowpost': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134071 }, 'bottom_sticky': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 117571 }, 'sidebar': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134686 }, 'sidebar_sticky_right': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135281 }, 'gutenberg_rectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134788 }, 'gutenberg_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135073 }, 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135098 }, 'gutenberg_skyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135088 }, 'sidebar_widget_mediumrectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137624 }, 'sidebar_widget_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137625 }, 'sidebar_widget_wideskyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137626 }, 'shortcode': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137678 } }; wa_smart.cmd = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function __ATA_CC() {var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?personalized-ads-consent=([^;]*)(;|$)');return v ? 1 : 0;} var __ATA_PP = { 'pt': 3, 'ht': 1, 'tn': 'misty-lake', 'uloggedin': 0, 'amp': false, 'consent': __ATA_CC(), 'gdpr_applies': false, 'ad': { 'label': { 'text': 'Advertisements' }, 'reportAd': { 'text': 'Report this ad' } }, 'disabled_slot_formats': [], 'siteid': 55285343 }; var __ATA = __ATA || {}; __ATA.cmd = __ATA.cmd || []; __ATA.criteo = __ATA.criteo || {}; __ATA.criteo.cmd = __ATA.criteo.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var g=Date.now||function(){return+new Date};function h(a,b){a:{for(var c=a.length,d="string"==typeof a?a.split(""):a,e=0;e<c;e++)if(e in d&&b.call(void 0,d[e],e,a)){b=e;break a}b=-1}return 0>b?null:"string"==typeof a?a.charAt(b):a[b]};function k(a,b,c){c=null!=c?"="+encodeURIComponent(String(c)):"";if(b+=c){c=a.indexOf("#");0>c&&(c=a.length);var d=a.indexOf("?");if(0>d||d>c){d=c;var e=""}else e=a.substring(d+1,c);a=[a.substr(0,d),e,a.substr(c)];c=a[1];a[1]=b?c?c+"&"+b:b:c;a=a[0]+(a[1]?"?"+a[1]:"")+a[2]}return a};var l=0;function m(a,b){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=a;c.onload=function(){b&&b(void 0)};c.onerror=function(){b&&b("error")};a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");var d;a&&0!==a.length?d=a[0]:d=document.documentElement;d.appendChild(c)}function n(a){var b=void 0===b?document.cookie:b;return(b=h(b.split("; "),function(c){return-1!=c.indexOf(a+"=")}))?b.split("=")[1]:""}function p(a){return"string"==typeof a&&0<a.length} function r(a,b,c){b=void 0===b?"":b;c=void 0===c?".":c;var d=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){var f=a[e],q=typeof f;"object"==q&&null!=f||"function"==q?d.push(r(f,b+e+c)):null!==f&&void 0!==f&&(e=encodeURIComponent(b+e),d.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(f)))});return d.filter(p).join("&")}function t(a,b){a||((window.__ATA||{}).config=b.c,m(b.url))}var u=Math.floor(1E13*Math.random()),v=window.__ATA||{};window.__ATA=v;window.__ATA.cmd=v.cmd||[];v.rid=u;v.createdAt=g();var w=window.__ATA||{},x="s.pubmine.com"; w&&w.serverDomain&&(x=w.serverDomain);var y="//"+x+"/conf",z=window.top===window,A=window.__ATA_PP&&window.__ATA_PP.gdpr_applies,B="boolean"===typeof A?Number(A):null,C=window.__ATA_PP||null,D=z?document.referrer?document.referrer:null:null,E=z?window.location.href:document.referrer?document.referrer:null,F,G=n("__ATA_tuuid");F=G?G:null;var H=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight,I=n("usprivacy"),J=r({gdpr:B,pp:C,rid:u,src:D,ref:E,tuuid:F,vp:H,us_privacy:I?I:null},"","."); (function(a){var b=void 0===b?"cb":b;l++;var c="callback__"+g().toString(36)+"_"+l.toString(36);a=k(a,b,c);window[c]=function(d){t(void 0,d)};m(a,function(d){d&&t(d)})})(y+"?"+J);}).call(this); </script> <script> var sas_fallback = sas_fallback || []; sas_fallback.push( { tag: "<div id="atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}\',location: 120,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'belowpost' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}\',location: 310,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'inline' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}\',location: 140,formFactor: \'003\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'sidebar' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-552853431-{{unique_id}}\',location: 110,formFactor: \'002\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'top' } ); </script></head> <body class="archive category category-identifying-fracture-types category-315877884 customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <div id="atatags-552853432-67b8844d54ef6"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-552853432-67b8844d54ef6', location: 110, formFactor: '002', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/" title="All Things AAFS!" rel="home">All Things AAFS!</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">For juicy tidbits of information and insights into the world that involves archaeological, anthropological and forensic sciences!</h2> </div> <nav id="nav" role="navigation" class="site-navigation main-navigation"> <h1 class="assistive-text screen-reader-text">Menu</h1> <div class="assistive-text skip-link screen-reader-text"><a href="#content" title="Skip to content">Skip to content</a></div> <div class="menu-all-things-aafs-container"><ul id="menu-all-things-aafs" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-177" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-177"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/">Home</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-183"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/unusual-ology/">Unusual-ology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-290" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-category-ancestor menu-item-290"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/">Quick Tips</a></li> <li id="menu-item-181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-181"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/">Archaeology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-180"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/">Anthropology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-184" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-184"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/conservation-2/">Conservation</a></li> <li id="menu-item-182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-182"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/forensics/">Forensics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-192" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-192"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/primatology/">Primatology</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-178"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/about/">About All Things AAFS!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-179"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/about-me/">About Me!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-198" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-198"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/about-my-dissertation/">About My Dissertation!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-657" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-657"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/useful-literature/">Useful Literature!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-589" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-589"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/archaeologytoolkits/">Our Etsy Tool Kit Store!</a></li> <li id="menu-item-335" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-335"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/contact-all-things-aafs/">Contact All Things AAFS!</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </header> <div id="main" class="site-main"> <div class="header-image"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/" title="All Things AAFS!" rel="home"> <img src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/header5.png" width="1015" height="237" alt="" /> </a> </div> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <div id="content" class="site-content" role="main"> <header class="page-header"> <h1 class="page-title"> Identifying Fracture Types </h1> </header> <article id="post-441" class="post-441 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-anthropology category-archaeology category-identifying-fracture-types category-quick-tips tag-bennett tag-bennetts-fractures tag-bone-fracture tag-bone-fractures tag-boxers-fracture tag-colles-fracture tag-colles-fractures tag-common-arm-fractures tag-common-forearm-fractures tag-common-hand-fractrues tag-common-named-fractures tag-fracture tag-fractures tag-health tag-monteggias-fracture tag-named-fracture tag-named-fractures tag-parrys-fracture tag-quick-tips tag-skeletal-fractures tag-smith tag-smiths-fractures"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/" title="7:32 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2013-09-01T19:32:41+01:00" pubdate>01/09/2013</time></a><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/author/rosemaryhelenmayne/" title="View all posts by All Things AAFS!" rel="author">All Things AAFS!</a></span></span> </div> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/" rel="bookmark">Quick Tips: Named Fractures – Part One: Hand & Forearms</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p align="center"><i>This blog post is the 3<sup>rd</sup> in its series on bone fractures. To view the first blog post on the basic fracture types and information, including open and closed fractures, click <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" target="_blank">here</a>.</i></p> <p>This blog post will highlight some of the common ‘named’ fractures you will often find in archaeological and anthropological settings. It is important to know their characteristics and common causes to help establish what happened – whether the fracture was received by defensive or offensive action, or purely accidental. This blog post will examine the first five common fractures associated with the hand and forearm bones.</p> <div style="width: 474px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png"><img class="size-full wp-image " id="i-444" alt="Image" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png?w=464" width="464" height="531" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png?w=464 464w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png?w=131 131w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png?w=262 262w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/named-fractures-part-one.png 474w" sizes="(max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Common ‘Named’ Fractures of the forearms and hands: A) Boxer’s fracture, B) Bennett’s fractures, C) Parry’s or Monteggia’s fracture, D) Colles’ fractures, and E) Smith’s fractures.</p></div> <p>The first two fractures we will look at affect the metacarpal bones;</p> <p><b>A) </b><b>Boxer’s fracture: </b>This fracture occurs due to the <b>axial loading</b>, meaning a force was applied along/parallel to the axis of the bone, on the transverse neck of the <b>4<sup>th</sup> and 5<sup>th</sup> metacarpal,</b> <b>secondary to an indirect force</b>. A Boxer’s fracture often happens due to <b>punching an object/person with a closed fist</b>, hence the name ‘Boxer’ being associated to it.<b></b></p> <p><b>B) </b><b>Bennett’s fracture: </b>This fracture affects the <b>1<sup>st</sup> metacarpal</b> (thumb) and <b>extends into the carpometacarpal (CMC) </b>joint which is complicated by <b>subluxation</b> (dislocation of a joint). A Bennett’s fracture is an <b>oblique</b> (<i>See 1<sup>st</sup> blog post for meaning<a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" target="_blank">, click here</a></i>) <b>intra-articular metacarpal</b> fracture caused by an <b>axial force directed against the partially flexed metacarpal.</b> This injury is also common when someone <b>punches a hard object</b>, but its most common cause is <b>falling onto the thumb</b>. An example of this is falling off a bike, as the thumb is extended around the handle bars.<b></b></p> <p>The last three fractures affect the longbones of the forearm, the ulna and radius;</p> <p><b>C) </b><b>Parry’s/Monteggia’s fracture: </b>This fracture occurs on the <b>proximal third of the ulna</b> with <b>subluxation of the radius/ulna</b>. The most common cause of this fracture is by <b>blunt force trauma</b> caused by lifting the forearm up to protect the head or body in defence from an oncoming attack/striking object. <b></b></p> <p>These two fractures affect the distal radius but cause displacement in two directions;</p> <p><b>D) </b><b>Colles’ fracture: </b>A Colles’ fracture, also known as a “<b>dinner fork</b>” or “<b>bayonet</b>” fracture, occurs when the <b>distal radius is broken with dorsal displacement of the wrist and hand</b>. This fracture is common when the <b>person falls forwards and uses their outstretched hand</b> <b>to cushion the fall</b>, which causes the force to displace and break the head of the radius.<b></b></p> <p><b>E) </b><b>Smith’s fracture: </b>A Smith’s fracture is the same as the Colles’ fracture but with <b>ventral displacement of the broken radius head</b>. The cause of a Smith’s fracture is the same as the Colles’ fracture, but it is less common.<b></b></p> <div style="width: 402px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png"><img class="size-full wp-image " id="i-447" alt="Image" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png?w=392" width="392" height="305" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png?w=392 392w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png?w=300 300w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/colles-and-smiths-fractures.png 402w" sizes="(max-width: 392px) 100vw, 392px" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Fractures: D) Colles’ fracture, and E) Smith’s fracture.</p></div> <p>The next Quick Tips post will discuss other ‘named fractures’ in archaeological/anthropological situations and their causes and characteristics.</p> <p><b><i>This is the third post of a set on fractures, so keep your eyes open for the other posts, and the new ones to come. To view all the other Quick Tips posts <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/category/quick-tips/" target="_blank">click here!</a></i></b></p> <p style="text-align:center;"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg"><img data-attachment-id="608" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/11/23/quick-tips-use-of-phytoliths-in-archaeology/share-post-sign/#main" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg" data-orig-size="269,65" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="Share Post Sign" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg?w=269" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg?w=269" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-608" style="border:0;" alt="Share Post Sign" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg?w=660" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg 269w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/share-post-sign.jpg?w=150&h=36 150w" sizes="(max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px" /></a></p> <div id="atatags-552853431-67b8844d5b940"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-552853431-67b8844d5b940', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this post!</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Quick%20Tips%3A%20Named%20Fractures%20%E2%80%93%20Part%20One%3A%20Hand%20%26%20Forearms&body=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsaafs.com%2F2013%2F09%2F01%2Fquick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="88746026fa" data-email-share-track-url="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-441" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-441" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span>Tumblr</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-441" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span>Pinterest</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55285343-441-67b8844d5c924' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250221#blog_id=55285343&post_id=441&origin=allthingsaafs.wordpress.com&obj_id=55285343-441-67b8844d5c924&domain=allthingsaafs.com' data-name='like-post-frame-55285343-441-67b8844d5c924' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> Posted in <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/" rel="category tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/" rel="category tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" rel="category tag">Identifying Fracture Types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/" rel="category tag">Quick Tips</a> </span> <span class="sep"> | </span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/bennett/" rel="tag">Bennett</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/bennetts-fractures/" rel="tag">bennett's fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/bone-fracture/" rel="tag">Bone fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/bone-fractures/" rel="tag">bone fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/boxers-fracture/" rel="tag">boxer's fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/colles-fracture/" rel="tag">Colles' fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/colles-fractures/" rel="tag">colles' fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/common-arm-fractures/" rel="tag">common arm fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/common-forearm-fractures/" rel="tag">common forearm fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/common-hand-fractrues/" rel="tag">common hand fractrues</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/common-named-fractures/" rel="tag">common named fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fracture/" rel="tag">Fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fractures/" rel="tag">Fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/monteggias-fracture/" rel="tag">monteggia's fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/named-fracture/" rel="tag">named fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/named-fractures/" rel="tag">named fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/parrys-fracture/" rel="tag">parry's fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/quick-tips/" rel="tag">Quick Tips</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/skeletal-fractures/" rel="tag">skeletal fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/smith/" rel="tag">Smith</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/smiths-fractures/" rel="tag">smith's fractures</a></span> <span class="sep"> | </span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/09/01/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers/#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-347" class="post-347 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-anthropology category-archaeology category-identifying-fracture-types category-quick-tips tag-anthropology tag-archaeology tag-archaeology-of-disease tag-fracture-types tag-how-to-identify-fractures tag-quick-tips"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/" title="11:07 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2013-08-09T23:07:34+01:00" pubdate>09/08/2013</time></a><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/author/rosemaryhelenmayne/" title="View all posts by All Things AAFS!" rel="author">All Things AAFS!</a></span></span> </div> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/" rel="bookmark">Quick Tips: Fracture Types – The Basics Pt 2.</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>In my previous Quick Tips, which you can find by clicking <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" target="_blank">here</a>, you were introduced to the first six basic types of fractures, what the main causes of fractures are, and the two main categories they are classed in. It is important that you know the information in the previous Quick Tips post before learning these last few basic fractures, as it discussed the fundamentals of fractures.</p> <p align="center"><strong>Basic Fracture Types:</strong></p> <div style="width: 497px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image " id="i-348" alt="Image" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg?w=487" width="487" height="165" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg?w=487 487w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg?w=300 300w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures-post-2.jpg 646w" sizes="(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Fracture Types: A) Butterfly, B) Longitudinal, C) Segmented, D) Hairline, and E) Avulsion.</p></div> <p><b>A) </b><b>Butterfly Fracture: </b>Butterfly fractures usually affect long bones and can be caused by car accidents or by being knocked side on.<b></b></p> <p><b>B) </b><b>Longitudinal Fracture: </b>As a transverse fracture is a bone along the horizontal axis, a longitudinal fracture is along the vertical axis.<b></b></p> <p><b>C) </b><b>Segmented Fracture: </b>This is when the bone has fractures in two parts of the same bone causing the bone to break into larger bone fragments which are separated from the main body of a fractured bone.<b></b></p> <p><b>D) </b><b>Hairline Fracture: </b>These fractures are also known as ‘stress fractures’. These types of fractures are very difficult to diagnose and once they heal there may be no evidence left to see. These are very difficult, if not impossible to identify when in an archaeological context.<b></b></p> <p><b>E) </b><b>Avulsion Fracture: </b>Avulsion fractures are characterised as the separation of a small fragment of bone at the site of attachment of a ligament or tendon.<b></b></p> <p>The next Quick Tips post will discuss the ‘named fractures’ that can be discovered in archaeological contexts, such as the familiar Bennett’s and Parry’s fracture, and their origins and common causes.</p> <p>This post was put together by using knowledge from my degree and supplemented with the textbook ‘The Archaeology of Disease’ by Charlotte Roberts & Keith Manchester. If you’re interested in the latest scientific and archaeological techniques used to understand the diseases of past populations, you should check it out!</p> <p><em><strong>This is the second post of a set on fractures, so keep your eyes open for the other posts. To view other Quick Tips posts click <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/category/quick-tips/" target="_blank">here!</a></strong></em></p> <div id="atatags-552853435-67b8844d5e2c0"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-552853435-67b8844d5e2c0', { sectionId: '552853435', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this post!</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Quick%20Tips%3A%20Fracture%20Types%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Basics%20Pt%202.&body=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsaafs.com%2F2013%2F08%2F09%2Fquick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="fc62256de1" data-email-share-track-url="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-347" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-347" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span>Tumblr</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-347" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span>Pinterest</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55285343-347-67b8844d5ea61' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250221#blog_id=55285343&post_id=347&origin=allthingsaafs.wordpress.com&obj_id=55285343-347-67b8844d5ea61&domain=allthingsaafs.com' data-name='like-post-frame-55285343-347-67b8844d5ea61' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> Posted in <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/" rel="category tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/" rel="category tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" rel="category tag">Identifying Fracture Types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/" rel="category tag">Quick Tips</a> </span> <span class="sep"> | </span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/anthropology/" rel="tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/archaeology/" rel="tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/archaeology-of-disease/" rel="tag">Archaeology of Disease</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fracture-types/" rel="tag">fracture types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/how-to-identify-fractures/" rel="tag">how to identify fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/quick-tips/" rel="tag">Quick Tips</a></span> <span class="sep"> | </span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/#comments">1 Comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-313" class="post-313 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-anthropology category-archaeology category-identifying-fracture-types category-quick-tips tag-anthropology tag-archaeology tag-archaeology-of-disease tag-fracture-types tag-how-to-identify-fracture-types tag-quick-tips"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" title="6:17 pm" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2013-08-07T18:17:10+01:00" pubdate>07/08/2013</time></a><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/author/rosemaryhelenmayne/" title="View all posts by All Things AAFS!" rel="author">All Things AAFS!</a></span></span> </div> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" rel="bookmark">Quick Tips: Fracture Types – The Basics.</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><i>In my previous Quick Tips post I addressed how to distinguish between ante, peri and post-mortem fractures, click <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/" target="_blank">here</a> if you haven’t read it yet. </i></p> <p><i></i>In this Quick Tips post I will show you some ways to identify and deduce common fracture types and their key characteristics. The definition of a fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. There are three major causes of fractures: acute injury (an accident); underlying disease which then weakens the bone making it susceptible to fractures; and repeated stress (as seen in athletes).</p> <p>All fracture types can be placed in two categories; <b>open</b> and <b>closed</b>. An <b>open fracture</b>, also known as a compound fracture, is where the bone breaks through the skin causing an open wound. It is called an open fracture as there is an open connection between the fracture site and skin. A <b>closed fracture</b> is where the bone has no connection between the outer skin surface and the fractured bone itself; it does not cause an open wound. A <b>closed fracture</b> is classed as a ‘simple fracture’.</p> <p style="text-align:center;"><strong>Basic Fracture Types:</strong></p> <div style="width: 497px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg"><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image " id="i-314" alt="Image" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg?w=487" width="487" height="147" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg?w=487 487w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg?w=300 300w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg?w=768 768w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/all-fractures.jpg 823w" sizes="(max-width: 487px) 100vw, 487px" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Fracture Types: A) Transverse, B) Oblique, C) Spiral, D) Comminuted, E) Greenstick, and F) Impacted fracture.</p></div> <p><strong>A) Transverse Fracture:</strong> This is when the break of a fracture is in a horizontal line, it is the simplest fracture type.</p> <p><strong>B) Oblique Fracture: </strong>This fracture is a break which extends in a slanting direction. Oblique fractures are caused by indirect or rotational force.</p> <p><strong>C) Spiral Fracture: </strong>As you can guess from the name, this is a fracture which is characterised by a spiral. It is often denoted as being caused by torsion or force onto the bone.</p> <p><strong>D) Comminuted Fracture:</strong> A comminuted fracture is characterised from the splintering of the bone. This causes the fracture to be made up of two or more pieces. This fracture is common in road-traffic accidents<b> </b>and these fractures are less likely to heal in a functionally satisfactory manner.</p> <p><strong>E) Greenstick Fracture:</strong> This occurs when a transverse fracture is incomplete. This fracture is seen mainly in children due to their young, immature bones which rarely break the whole width.</p> <p><strong>F) Impacted Fracture:</strong> This occurs when the bone is broken and not displaced but the two fractured ends are forced together. This produces a rather stable fracture which can heal readily but there may be some length lost.</p> <p>This post was put together by using knowledge from my degree and supplemented with the textbook ‘The Archaeology of Disease’ by Charlotte Roberts & Keith Manchester. If you’re interested in the latest scientific and archaeological techniques used to understand the diseases of past populations, you should check it out!</p> <p><em><strong>This is the first post of a set, click<a title="Quick Tips: Fracture Types – The Basics Pt 2." href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/2013/08/09/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2/"> here</a> to read the second post. To view other Quick Tips posts click <a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/category/quick-tips/" target="_blank">here!</a></strong></em></p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this post!</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Quick%20Tips%3A%20Fracture%20Types%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Basics.&body=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsaafs.com%2F2013%2F08%2F07%2Fquick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="585d2f8a84" data-email-share-track-url="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-313" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-313" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span>Tumblr</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-313" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span>Pinterest</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55285343-313-67b8844d603d1' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250221#blog_id=55285343&post_id=313&origin=allthingsaafs.wordpress.com&obj_id=55285343-313-67b8844d603d1&domain=allthingsaafs.com' data-name='like-post-frame-55285343-313-67b8844d603d1' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> Posted in <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/" rel="category tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/" rel="category tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" rel="category tag">Identifying Fracture Types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/" rel="category tag">Quick Tips</a> </span> <span class="sep"> | </span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/anthropology/" rel="tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/archaeology/" rel="tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/archaeology-of-disease/" rel="tag">Archaeology of Disease</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fracture-types/" rel="tag">fracture types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/how-to-identify-fracture-types/" rel="tag">how to identify fracture types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/quick-tips/" rel="tag">Quick Tips</a></span> <span class="sep"> | </span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/07/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics/#comments">6 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-275" class="post-275 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-anthropology category-archaeology category-identifying-fracture-types category-quick-tips tag-all-things-aafs-quick-tips tag-antemortem tag-anthropology tag-applied-anthropology tag-archaeology tag-ashley-smith tag-bone-fracture tag-death tag-distinguishing-between-antemortem tag-forensic-anthropology tag-forensic-science tag-forensics tag-fracture tag-fractures tag-perimortem tag-perimortem-and-postmortem-trauma tag-postmortem tag-quick-tips tag-skeletal-remains tag-skeletal-trauma tag-skeleton-fractures tag-trauma"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/" title="1:10 am" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date" datetime="2013-07-27T01:10:11+01:00" pubdate>27/07/2013</time></a><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/author/rosemaryhelenmayne/" title="View all posts by All Things AAFS!" rel="author">All Things AAFS!</a></span></span> </div> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/" rel="bookmark">Quick Tips: How can you tell if a skeletal fracture is ante, peri or post-mortem?</a></h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>There is a relatively easy way to see whether a fracture to a skeleton is ante, peri or even post mortem. It is essential to detail and deduce which category a fracture falls into, as this is very important to see whether the fracture had played a part in the person’s death.</p> <p>To first classify a fracture, we need to understand what the different categories mean. Some of you will already know these terminology, but here’s a quick reminder;</p> <ul> <li>If a fracture is<strong> ante-mortem</strong>, it means that the fracture was made <strong>before death</strong> of the persons.</li> <li>With <strong>peri-mortem</strong> fractures, it means that the fracture was received <strong>at or near the time of death </strong>of the persons – so could have been the fatal strike.</li> <li><strong>Post-mortem</strong> fractures are fractures that have been received <strong>after death</strong>, so during the time from death to the time of recovery. These fractures are usually from excavation processes, dismemberment, or even natural processes (soil, animal and plant activity).</li> </ul> <p>You will be able to determine if a <strong>bone fracture was ante-mortem due to there being signs of healing</strong> which is shown by cell regrowth and repair.</p> <p>With <strong>peri-mortem fractures, the person died before the healing started to take place</strong>, but the <strong>fractures will still contain the biomechanics that are present in ante-mortem fractures.</strong></p> <p><strong>Post-mortem breaks tend to shatter compared to peri-mortem breaks which splinter,</strong> this is because b<strong>ones which are in the post-mortem stage tend to be dry and rather brittle</strong>. Another big indicator of a fracture being post-mortem <strong>is the difference in colour.</strong></p> <p>The ‘Quick Tip’ that my applied anthropology lecturer taught me on how to easily distinguish between peri-mortem and post-mortem is to look at the fracture and decide; <strong>is it a clean break</strong>, as if you were breaking in half a bar of chocolate? If it is, then the fracture is <strong>most likely to be a peri-mortem fracture.</strong> If the <strong>break looks crumbly,</strong> like breaking a biscuit in half, <strong>it’s post-mortem fracture.</strong> Obviously this tip is not the most scientific, but it’s an easy way to begin your distinguishing process.</p> <div style="width: 530px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img loading="lazy" id="i-283" class=" wp-image " src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=520&h=696" alt="Image" width="520" height="696" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=520 520w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=1040 1040w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=112 112w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=224 224w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=768 768w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/img_2195.jpg?w=765 765w" sizes="(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Skull with signs of post-mortem fractures. This photo is from a practical lab session.</p></div> <p>If you look at the photo above it illustrates a post-mortem fracture. You can determine this easily due to the colour difference on the edge of the fracture, where it is a much lighter colour compared to the rest of the skull and the crumbly nature of the cut.</p> <p><strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Most of this is my own knowledge that I learnt during my degree in my anthropology lectures/lab practical sessions. But if you’re looking for a published journal check the one below. It is very informative and easy to understand if you’re a beginner in the world of anthropology/archaeology! It also highlights some problems that can arise when distinguishing trauma, it’s really interesting!</p> <p>Smith, A.C. 2010. Distinguishing Between Antemortem, Perimortem, and Postmortem Trauma. <i>Academia.edu</i>. Available from <a href="http://www.academia.edu/2364375/Distinguishing_Between_Antemortem_Perimortem_and_Postmortem_Trauma" target="_blank">here</a> in .pdf form!</p> <p><a href="https://allthingsaafs.wordpress.com/category/quick-tips/"><strong>Read more anthropology/archaeology quick tips here!</strong></a></p> <div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-rating-enabled sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this post!</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-email"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-email sd-button share-icon" href="mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Quick%20Tips%3A%20How%20can%20you%20tell%20if%20a%20skeletal%20fracture%20is%20ante%2C%20peri%20or%20post-mortem%3F&body=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsaafs.com%2F2013%2F07%2F27%2Fquick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem%2F&share=email" target="_blank" title="Click to email a link to a friend" data-email-share-error-title="Do you have email set up?" data-email-share-error-text="If you're having problems sharing via email, you might not have email set up for your browser. You may need to create a new email yourself." data-email-share-nonce="7d8bfac1fe" data-email-share-track-url="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=email"><span>Email</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-275" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-275" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span>Twitter</span></a></li><li class="share-tumblr"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-tumblr sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=tumblr" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Tumblr" ><span>Tumblr</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span>Reddit</span></a></li><li class="share-pinterest"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-pinterest-275" class="share-pinterest sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/?share=pinterest" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Pinterest" ><span>Pinterest</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span>Print</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-55285343-275-67b8844d61f4d' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250221#blog_id=55285343&post_id=275&origin=allthingsaafs.wordpress.com&obj_id=55285343-275-67b8844d61f4d&domain=allthingsaafs.com' data-name='like-post-frame-55285343-275-67b8844d61f4d' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> <span class="cat-links"> Posted in <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/" rel="category tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/" rel="category tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" rel="category tag">Identifying Fracture Types</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/" rel="category tag">Quick Tips</a> </span> <span class="sep"> | </span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/all-things-aafs-quick-tips/" rel="tag">All Things AAFS! Quick Tips</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/antemortem/" rel="tag">Antemortem</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/anthropology/" rel="tag">Anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/applied-anthropology/" rel="tag">Applied anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/archaeology/" rel="tag">Archaeology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/ashley-smith/" rel="tag">Ashley Smith</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/bone-fracture/" rel="tag">Bone fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/death/" rel="tag">Death</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/distinguishing-between-antemortem/" rel="tag">Distinguishing between antemortem</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/forensic-anthropology/" rel="tag">Forensic anthropology</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/forensic-science/" rel="tag">forensic science</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/forensics/" rel="tag">Forensics</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fracture/" rel="tag">Fracture</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/fractures/" rel="tag">Fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/perimortem/" rel="tag">Perimortem</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/perimortem-and-postmortem-trauma/" rel="tag">perimortem and postmortem trauma</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/postmortem/" rel="tag">Postmortem</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/quick-tips/" rel="tag">Quick Tips</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/skeletal-remains/" rel="tag">skeletal remains</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/skeletal-trauma/" rel="tag">skeletal trauma</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/skeleton-fractures/" rel="tag">Skeleton fractures</a>, <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/tag/trauma/" rel="tag">trauma</a></span> <span class="sep"> | </span> <span class="comments-link"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/#comments">3 Comments</a></span> </footer> </article> </div> </section> <div id="secondary" class="updateable widget-area" role="complementary"> <div id="atatags-552853433-67b8844d62734"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-552853433-67b8844d62734', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> <aside id="media_image-6" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">All Things AAFS!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 390px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/about/"><img class="image alignnone" src="https://allthingsaafs.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/useable-big.png?w=147&h=150" alt="" width="380" height="324" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">For juicy tidbits of information and insights into the world that involves archaeological, anthropological and forensic sciences!</p></div></aside><aside id="follow_button_widget-2" class="widget widget_follow_button_widget"> <a class="wordpress-follow-button" href="https://allthingsaafs.com" data-blog="55285343" data-lang="en" >Follow All Things AAFS! on WordPress.com</a> <script type="text/javascript">(function(d){ window.wpcomPlatform = {"titles":{"timelines":"Embeddable Timelines","followButton":"Follow Button","wpEmbeds":"WordPress Embeds"}}; var f = d.getElementsByTagName('SCRIPT')[0], p = d.createElement('SCRIPT');p.type = 'text/javascript';p.async = true;p.src = '//widgets.wp.com/platform.js';f.parentNode.insertBefore(p,f);}(document));</script> </aside><aside id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><h1 class="widget-title">Search All Things AAFS! :</h1> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://allthingsaafs.com/" role="search"> <label for="s" class="assistive-text screen-reader-text">Search</label> <input type="text" class="field" name="s" value="" id="s" placeholder="Search …" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </form> </aside><aside id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Only interested in a certain topic? Choose it here!</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4793"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/">Anthropology</a> (52) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-42226"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/anthropology/primatology/">Primatology</a> (3) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24914"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/">Archaeology</a> (55) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-159826"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/on-location/">On Location</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-318479500"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology/palaeontology-archaeology/">Palaeontology</a> (8) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-214423854"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/archaeology-anthropology-tool-rolls/">Archaeology & Anthropology Tool Rolls</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1879324"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/conservation-2/">Conservation</a> (7) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-62455"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/forensics/">Forensics</a> (10) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-26240 current-cat-parent current-cat-ancestor"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/">Quick Tips</a> (26) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-38419156"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/archaeological-techniques/">Archaeological Techniques</a> (4) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-285791"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/common-questions/">Common Questions</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-252883239"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/estimate-the-biological-sex-of-a-human-skeleton/">Estimate The Biological Sex Of A Human Skeleton</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-204092024"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/estimate-the-chronological-age-of-a-human-skeleton-series/">Estimate The Chronological Age Of A Human Skeleton Series</a> (6) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-50513948"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/forensic-techniques/">Forensic Techniques</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-365689649"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-dental-diseases-quick-tips/">Identifying Dental Diseases</a> (3) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-315877884 current-cat"><a aria-current="page" href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/">Identifying Fracture Types</a> (4) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-184585639"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/unusual-ology/">Unusual-ology</a> (17) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-204573892"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/unusual-ology/unusual-anthropology/">Unusual Anthropology</a> (9) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-204573879"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/unusual-ology/unusual-archaeology-unusual-ology/">Unusual Archaeology</a> (14) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-29840981"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/unusual-ology/unusual-science/">Unusual Science</a> (2) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5741415"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/useful-literature/">Useful Literature</a> (11) <ul class='children'> <li class="cat-item cat-item-208718317"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/useful-literature/textbook-of-the-week/">Textbook of the Week</a> (10) </li> </ul> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4264"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/welcome/">Welcome</a> (5) </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="media_image-2" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">We’re on Etsy!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 436px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.etsy.com/uk/shop/AllThingsAAFS"><img width="426" height="320" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=426" class="image wp-image-1080 aligncenter attachment-426x324 size-426x324" alt="Our Hand-crafted Archaeology & Anthropology Tool Kits!" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=426 426w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=852 852w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=300 300w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 426px) 100vw, 426px" data-attachment-id="1080" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/about-me/all-things-aafs/#main" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg" data-orig-size="3264,2448" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="All Things AAFS" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/all-things-aafs.jpg?w=660" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Visit our Etsy store, by clicking the image, and check out our unique, hand-crafted archaeology and anthropology tool kits!</p></div></aside><aside id="media_image-3" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">Wondering what textbooks to buy?</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 210px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/useful-literature/"><img width="200" height="112" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=200" class="image wp-image-1031 aligncenter attachment-200x170 size-200x170" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=200 200w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=400 400w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=300 300w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" data-attachment-id="1031" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/useful-lit-pic-for-website/" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg" data-orig-size="575,323" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="Useful Lit pic for website" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/useful-lit-pic-for-website.jpg?w=575" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">On our Useful Literature page, you can find a helpful selection of the best textbooks – most of these have been suggested by university Professors and fellow peers!</p></div></aside><aside id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"><h1 class="widget-title">Our Social Media:</h1> <div class="textwidget"></div> </aside><aside id="facebook-likebox-2" class="widget widget_facebook_likebox"><h1 class="widget-title"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AllThingsAAFS">Join us on Facebook!</a></h1> <div id="fb-root"></div> <div class="fb-page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/AllThingsAAFS" data-width="200" data-height="432" data-hide-cover="false" data-show-facepile="true" data-tabs="false" data-hide-cta="false" data-small-header="false"> <div class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"><blockquote cite="https://www.facebook.com/AllThingsAAFS"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/AllThingsAAFS">Join us on Facebook!</a></blockquote></div> </div> </aside><aside id="media_image-7" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">Follow us on Twitter!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 135px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://twitter.com/allthingsaafs"><img width="125" height="125" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=125" class="image wp-image-1203 aligncenter attachment-125x125 size-125x125" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=125 125w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=250 250w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px" data-attachment-id="1203" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/aafstwitterdarkened2-2/" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png" data-orig-size="2000,2000" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="AAFSTwitterDarkened2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=300" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/aafstwitterdarkened21.png?w=660" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Keep up to date with all things AAFS by following us on Twitter!</p></div></aside><aside id="blog_subscription-2" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h1 class="widget-title"><label for="subscribe-field">Follow All Things AAFS! via Email</label></h1> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="55285343" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. We will not share your details.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="55285343"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="9b0fa5d227" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Click here to Follow! </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 2,500 other subscribers </div> </div> </aside><aside id="media_image-8" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">Follow us on Tumblr!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 135px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="http://allthingsaafs.tumblr.com"><img width="125" height="125" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=125" class="image wp-image-1223 aligncenter attachment-125x125 size-125x125" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=125 125w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=250 250w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 125px) 100vw, 125px" data-attachment-id="1223" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/aafstumblrdark2/" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png" data-orig-size="2000,2000" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="AAFSTumblrDark2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=300" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/aafstumblrdark2.png?w=660" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Don't have a WordPress account or prefer Tumblr to follow blogs? Visit ours by clicking here!</p></div></aside><aside id="media_image-4" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">Visit our store for AAFS goodies for your house!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 436px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="https://www.etsy.com/uk/shop/AllThingsAAFS"><img width="324" height="324" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=324" class="image wp-image-1060 aligncenter attachment-426x324 size-426x324" alt="Click here to view our online store!" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=324 324w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=150 150w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=300 300w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px" data-attachment-id="1060" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/photo-2-2/" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg" data-orig-size="640,640" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"2.4","credit":"","camera":"iPhone 5","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1417616655","copyright":"","focal_length":"4.12","iso":"250","shutter_speed":"0.05","title":"","orientation":"1"}" data-image-title="photo 2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/photo-2.jpg?w=640" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Visit our Etsy store, by clicking the image, and check out our unique, hand-crafted archaeology and anthropology goodies and Skull-Stop doorstops!</p></div></aside><aside id="follow_button_widget-3" class="widget widget_follow_button_widget"> <a class="wordpress-follow-button" href="https://allthingsaafs.com" data-blog="55285343" data-lang="en" >Follow All Things AAFS! on WordPress.com</a> <script type="text/javascript">(function(d){ window.wpcomPlatform = {"titles":{"timelines":"Embeddable Timelines","followButton":"Follow Button","wpEmbeds":"WordPress Embeds"}}; var f = d.getElementsByTagName('SCRIPT')[0], p = d.createElement('SCRIPT');p.type = 'text/javascript';p.async = true;p.src = '//widgets.wp.com/platform.js';f.parentNode.insertBefore(p,f);}(document));</script> </aside><aside id="top-posts-3" class="widget widget_top-posts"><h1 class="widget-title">Our Top Posts & Pages;</h1><ul><li><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/21/quick-tips-how-to-estimate-the-chronological-age-of-a-human-skeleton-epiphyseal-closure-method/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Quick Tips: How To Estimate The Chronological Age Of A Human Skeleton – Epiphyseal Closure Method.</a></li><li><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2014/01/12/quick-tips-how-to-estimate-the-chronological-age-of-a-human-skeleton-pubic-symphyseal-surface-method/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Quick Tips: How To Estimate The Chronological Age Of A Human Skeleton – Pubic Symphyseal Surface Method.</a></li><li><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/07/27/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Quick Tips: How can you tell if a skeletal fracture is ante, peri or post-mortem?</a></li><li><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/08/26/forensic-entomology-the-basics/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Quick Tips: Forensic Entomology – An Introduction.</a></li><li><a href="https://allthingsaafs.com/2013/11/23/quick-tips-use-of-phytoliths-in-archaeology/" class="bump-view" data-bump-view="tp">Quick Tips: Use of Phytoliths in Archaeology.</a></li></ul></aside><aside id="media_image-5" class="widget widget_media_image"><h1 class="widget-title">We’re featured on The Story Exchange!</h1><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><div style="width: 436px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><a href="http://thestoryexchange.org/rosemary-mayne/"><img width="275" height="275" src="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg?w=275" class="image wp-image-1089 aligncenter attachment-426x324 size-426x324" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg 275w, https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg?w=150 150w" sizes="(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px" data-attachment-id="1089" data-permalink="https://allthingsaafs.com/tse-badge-21-1-2/" data-orig-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg" data-orig-size="275,275" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="TSE-Badge-21-1" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg?w=275" data-large-file="https://allthingsaafs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tse-badge-21-11.jpg?w=275" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Click the image to read our profile on The Story Exchange, who are highlighting females within STEM.</p></div></aside><aside id="blog-stats-2" class="widget widget_blog-stats"><h1 class="widget-title">All Things AAFS! Statistics:</h1> <ul> <li>259,930 views since we created All Things AAFS! on the 15th July 2013.</li> </ul> </aside><aside id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h1 class="widget-title">If you would like to use All Things AAFS content:</h1> <div class="textwidget">Feel free to reblog our posts using the ‘reblog’ buttons to share our content with your followers. If you would like to use small sections or quotations from certain posts on your site, please ensure they are cited correctly. If you’re unsure on how to correctly cite All Things AAFS content, you can use our guide below:</br></br> Mayne, R. 2014. “Post title here”. <i>All Things AAFS</i>. Available here(Link to post).</br></br> <b>All written content/images, except in the case of referenced or cited work, is the copyright of All Things AAFS!</b> </div> </aside> <div id="atatags-552853433-67b8844d6766d"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-552853433-67b8844d6766d', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script></div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-info"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </div> </footer> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2025087d8bf6c02970a26c6b0c26b0fcfc89796aa30f84307cffd8fd28d2bcca53dd7a" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile →': 'Edit your profile →', 'View profile →': 'View profile →', 'Contact': 'Contact', 'Send money': 'Send money', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { function init() { document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( typeof __ATA.insertInlineAds === 'function' ) { __ATA.insertInlineAds(); } } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-misty-lake actnbr-has-follow actnbr-has-actions"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> All Things AAFS! </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 137 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="55285343" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://allthingsaafs.com/category/quick-tips/identifying-fracture-types/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="9b0fa5d227" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fallthingsaafs.com%252F2013%252F09%252F01%252Fquick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://allthingsaafs.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=50&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=75&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 1.5x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=100&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 2x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=150&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 3x, https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/b88c04fe4099ec339a54264371f590872e1d045772de749b129f02bc0dd4d66f?s=200&d=https%3A%2F%2Fs2.wp.com%2Fi%2Flogo%2Fwpcom-gray-white.png 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> All Things AAFS! </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fallthingsaafs.com%252F2013%252F09%252F01%252Fquick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://allthingsaafs.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/reader/feeds/14646411"> View site in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20250116"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20250204"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <form id="jp-carousel-comment-form"> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" class="screen-reader-text">Write a Comment...</label> <textarea name="comment" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-textarea" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field" placeholder="Write a Comment..." ></textarea> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field">Email (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="email" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-email-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field">Name (Required)</label> <input type="text" name="author" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-author-field" /> </fieldset> <fieldset> <label for="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field">Website</label> <input type="text" name="url" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-field jp-carousel-comment-form-text-field" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-url-field" /> </fieldset> </div> <input type="submit" name="submit" class="jp-carousel-comment-form-button" id="jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit" value="Post Comment" /> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/2013\/09\/01\/quick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers\/":441,"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/2013\/08\/09\/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics-pt-2\/":347,"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/2013\/08\/07\/quick-tips-fracture-types-the-basics\/":313,"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/2013\/07\/27\/quick-tips-how-can-you-tell-if-a-skeletal-fracture-is-ante-peri-or-post-mortem\/":275}; </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJyljlEKwzAMQy+0zITR0X2UnqVLTEmXxKa2Cb19O7ZeYPsRkhAPQWMXqCpWhWKOs82pCiyoPIXXN0Mheku0jAJhWskEM0hLjKt7Wo0Zr0HkAn/QztFZ/ApsKc6oAkrsmORwotvn31gGf+87f/P9o1t2dXFexQ==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i&ver=20241018" id="mobile-useragent-info-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-facebook-embed-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jpfbembed = {"appid":"249643311490","locale":"en_US"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/moon\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"9b55bb060c","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/allthingsaafs.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fallthingsaafs.com%2F2013%2F09%2F01%2Fquick-tips-named-fractures-part-one-hand-fingers%2F","blog_id":"55285343","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=55285343&v=wpcom&tz=1&user_id=0&subd=allthingsaafs","is_public":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="custom-content-types-data-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE; typeof CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE === "object" || (CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22active%22%3Atrue%2C%22over_ride%22%3Afalse%2C%22should_show_testimonials%22%3Atrue%2C%22should_show_portfolios%22%3Atrue%7D"))); /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJydkc1qwzAQhF+oymJCyKn0UcpK2tqy90f1Spi8fd2ShJJDDrntDN8MAwtbDcm0kTaIbGOo3MeiDputGbOHxOhODvNuYePD7G/wLyP9nuCy7Nx3p04TamZaH+E2kexI7RGkeLsExoV+m12QOQhpf9I/U6uYlqsGMVP4LJrgCxNFsyWQRMqvNMReOEPC1boT37mbcZCiT2pvWNhqMnmQr8/xCVfaf5Avf2fR8brjQ96H8/F8Oh2HYZh/APL9qJE='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-twitter' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtwitter', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-tumblr' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomtumblr', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=450,height=450' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250221#ver=20250221&origin=https://allthingsaafs.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?68" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'55285343','blog_tz':'1','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'55285343','v':'wpcom','tz':'1','user_id':'0','subd':'allthingsaafs'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5VTUIlVktzQVNtcFdrRlVoJUNZcTJRQnxOUXctL04xbkhBRHx5NENKLz82Nk5+Ky9jQ0NPQ2JZZ2k9WHRJSzZxX2N6RCVhZWVdaXJFJjFqTktGcVcvNndGN21aY3hoLzd3TllFfkxkYyU0bGUwOEQ/W2pEMVdMWS9lOS0xJWkxV1pQMEJCeC1bLXhZM0FEd1E3Z3JRa05sdnMscHd+eDh1XUttSnZGeUg4JXUrJjAwPVJbTC0mOFdzOTNiPX4/cC5jTXpYQ2EsayxkUkVnP0FbRlNXNmhYL2d1azZKYWYxeEMwdzBvLCZvckFWMnBQRWVkU1Fud1ljVG1zbk5pJSYmcixVY28wUkhXcEdHK29WJkQvTn51Z3Y='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '55285343', '0' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"enq_jquery":"1","logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/misty-lake","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Europe/London" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202508"></script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> </body> </html>