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Krak de Montréal – Wikipedie

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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Krak de Montréal</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 24 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(kruisvaarderskasteel)" title="Montréal (kruisvaarderskasteel) – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Montréal (kruisvaarderskasteel)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%83" title="قلعة الشوبك – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قلعة الشوبك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell_de_Xawbak" title="Castell de Xawbak – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Castell de Xawbak" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(Kreuzfahrerburg)" title="Montreal (Kreuzfahrerburg) – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Montreal (Kreuzfahrerburg)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(castle)" title="Montreal (castle) – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Montreal (castle)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Krak de Montréal – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Krak de Montréal" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castillo_de_Shawbak" title="Castillo de Shawbak – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Castillo de Shawbak" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%87_%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86)" title="مونتریال (قلعه صلیبیون) – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مونتریال (قلعه صلیبیون)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Krak de Montréal – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Krak de Montréal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C" title="מונראל – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונראל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="मॉन्ट्रियल किला – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉन्ट्रियल किला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(er%C5%91d)" title="Montréal (erőd) – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Montréal (erőd)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al_(castello)" title="Montréal (castello) – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Montréal (castello)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94" title="მონრეალის ციხესიმაგრე – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონრეალის ციხესიმაგრე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monrealis_(pilis)" title="Monrealis (pilis) – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monrealis (pilis)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(burcht)" title="Montreal (burcht) – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Montreal (burcht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(zamek)" title="Montreal (zamek) – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Montreal (zamek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Монреаль (замок) – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монреаль (замок)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Krak de Montréal – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Krak de Montréal" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Montreal" title="Grad Montreal – slovinština" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grad Montreal" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Крак де Монтреал – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крак де Монтреал" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA)" title="Монреаль (замок) – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монреаль (замок)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%81)" title="مونٹریال (صلیبی قلعہ) – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مونٹریال (صلیبی قلعہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94_(%E5%9F%8E%E5%A0%A1)" title="蒙特利尔 (城堡) – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蒙特利尔 (城堡)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1362749#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;oldid=23010058" 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output">Souřadnice: <a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&amp;pagename=Krak+de+Montr%C3%A9al&amp;params=30.531389_N_35.560833_E_type:landmark"><span style="white-space:pre">30°31′53″ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">35°33′39″ v. d.</span></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #CDC9C9;">Krak de Montréal</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Jordanien_Shobak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pohled z jihu"><img alt="Pohled z jihu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jordanien_Shobak.jpg/250px-Jordanien_Shobak.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jordanien_Shobak.jpg/375px-Jordanien_Shobak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Jordanien_Shobak.jpg/500px-Jordanien_Shobak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span><div><span class="wd"><span lang="cs">Pohled z jihu</span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #CDC9C9;">Základní informace</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Výstavba</th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/1115" title="1115">1115</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #CDC9C9;">Poloha</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Adresa</th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd"><span lang="en">Idumea</span></span>,&#32;<span style="display:none">Jordánsko</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko"><img alt="Jordánsko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko">Jordánsko</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bpisn%C3%A9_sou%C5%99adnice" title="Zeměpisné souřadnice">Souřadnice</a></th><td class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd"><span></span><span class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&amp;pagename=Krak+de+Montr%C3%A9al&amp;params=30.531389_N_35.560833_E_type:landmark"><span style="white-space:pre">30°31′53″ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">35°33′39″ v. d.</span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 240px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 240px; height: 150px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="240" data-height="150" data-zoom="6" data-lat="30.531389" data-lon="35.560833" data-overlays="[&quot;_f64a8cd2f2af81301eda627d6aab9c211985b170&quot;]" href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Map/6/30.531389/35.560833/cs"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,30.531389,35.560833,240x150.png?lang=cs&amp;domain=cs.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;revid=23010058&amp;groups=_f64a8cd2f2af81301eda627d6aab9c211985b170" width="240" height="150" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,30.531389,35.560833,240x150@2x.png?lang=cs&amp;domain=cs.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;revid=23010058&amp;groups=_f64a8cd2f2af81301eda627d6aab9c211985b170 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #CDC9C9;">Další informace</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montr%C3%A9al_Castle" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Montréal Castle">multimediální obsah</a></b> na&#160;<a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362749" class="extiw" title="d:Q1362749">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="display: none;"></div> <p><b>Krak de Montréal</b> (<a href="/wiki/Francouz%C5%A1tina" title="Francouzština">francouzsky</a> <span class="cizojazycne" lang="fr" title="francouzština"><i>Crac de Montréal,</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%A1tina" title="Arabština">arabsky</a> <i>Šobak</i>) je <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEov%C3%A9_v%C3%BDpravy" title="Křížové výpravy">křižácký</a> hrad na východním břehu <a href="/wiki/Mrtv%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Mrtvé moře">Mrtvého moře</a> v <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27ansk%C3%BD_governor%C3%A1t&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma&#39;anský governorát (stránka neexistuje)">Ma'anském governorátu</a> v <a href="/wiki/Jord%C3%A1nsko" title="Jordánsko">Jordánsku</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editace sekce: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hrad byl vystavěn <a href="/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9msk%C3%A9_kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD" title="Jeruzalémské království">jeruzalémským</a> králem <a href="/wiki/Balduin_I._Jeruzal%C3%A9msk%C3%BD" title="Balduin I. Jeruzalémský">Balduinem&#160;I.</a>, kvůli zabezpečení oblasti po králově tažení v této oblasti (během kterého dobyl <a href="/wiki/Akaba" title="Akaba">Akabu</a> na pobřeží <a href="/wiki/Rud%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Rudé moře">Rudého moře</a>). Hrad byl pojmenován na počest krále Mont Royal a měl strategickou polohu na kopci v <a href="/wiki/Ed%C3%B3m" title="Edóm">edómské</a> planině na poutních a karavanních trasách ze <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BDrie" title="Sýrie">Sýrie</a> do <a href="/wiki/Arabsk%C3%BD_poloostrov" title="Arabský poloostrov">Arábie</a>. Balduin&#160;I. z hradu mohl v oblasti kontrolovat obchod, poutníky a obchodníky, kteří museli žádat povolení, pokud chtěli oblastí cestovat. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Shobak.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shobak.JPG/170px-Shobak.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shobak.JPG/255px-Shobak.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Shobak.JPG/340px-Shobak.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Hrad Šobak</figcaption></figure> <p>Hrad zůstával v majetku králů v <a href="/wiki/Jeruzal%C3%A9m" title="Jeruzalém">Jeruzalémě</a> až do roku 1142, kdy se stal součástí panství <a href="/wiki/Oultrejordain" title="Oultrejordain">Oultrejordain</a>. V té době se také centrum panství přesunulo do <a href="/wiki/Kerak" title="Kerak">Keraku</a>, mocnější pevnosti na severu. Hradu velel <a href="/wiki/Filip_z_Milly" title="Filip z Milly">Filip z Milly</a> a po něm <a href="/wiki/Renaud_ze_Ch%C3%A2tillonu" title="Renaud ze Châtillonu">Renaud ze Châtillonu</a>, který se oženil se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephanie_de_Milly&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephanie de Milly (stránka neexistuje)">Stephanií de Milly</a>. Renauld hrad použil ke svým útokům proti bohatým karavanám <a href="/wiki/Arabov%C3%A9" title="Arabové">arabských</a> obchodníků. Když Renauld viděl, že nepřišla žádná odveta ze strany <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslimů</a>, nechal vystavět flotilu lodí a nechal se přeplavit na druhý břeh Rudého moře, ovládaný <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A1timovsk%C3%BD_chal%C3%ADf%C3%A1t" title="Fátimovský chalífát">fátimovským Egyptem</a>, aby dál po souši zaútočil na <a href="/wiki/Mekka" title="Mekka">Mekku</a>. Tímto svým pokusem o ovládnutí nejsvatějšího místa všech <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">muslimů</a> si Renauld vysloužil nelibost zdejšího sultána <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladina</a>, který na království jeruzalémské zaútočil v roce 1187. Rok po dobytí Jeruzaléma Saladinem byl obležen i Krak de Montréal. Během obléhání bylo obráncům řečeno, aby za jídlo prodali své ženy a děti do <a href="/wiki/Otroctv%C3%AD" title="Otroctví">otroctví</a>. Lidé v hradu začali postupně z nedostatku soli ztrácet zrak. Kvůli kopci Saladin nemohl použít své <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obl%C3%A9hac%C3%AD_stroje&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Obléhací stroje (stránka neexistuje)">obléhací stroje</a>, ale po téměř dvou letech obléhání hrad v květnu 1189 padl. Přeživším obráncům se pak navrátily jejich prodané rodiny. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Maml%C3%BAci" title="Mamlúci">Mamlúci</a> poté Krak de Montréal přestavěli, tak, že z původního <a href="/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEov%C3%A9_v%C3%BDpravy" title="Křížové výpravy">křižáckého</a> opevnění zbylo jen velmi málo. Ačkoliv hrad nebyl nikdy plně dokončený, je známo, že hrad měl tři zdi, které se částečně zachovaly. </p><p>V současné době v hradu pracuje italský <a href="/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie">archeologický</a> tým z florentské univerzity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="plainlinks"><i>V tomto článku byl použit <a href="/wiki/Wikipedie:WikiProjekt_P%C5%99eklad/Rady" title="Wikipedie:WikiProjekt Překlad/Rady">překlad</a> textu z článku <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_(Crusader_castle)?oldid=136385128"><span class="cizojazycne" lang="en" title="angličtina">Montreal (Crusader castle)</span></a> na anglické Wikipedii.</i></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krak_de_Montr%C3%A9al&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd"><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Montr%C3%A9al_Castle" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Montréal Castle">Krak de Montréal</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span></span><i> </i></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Architektura_a_stavebnictv%C3%AD" title="Portál:Architektura a stavebnictví">Architektura a stavebnictví</a> &#124; 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