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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lorenz'_vision_of_the_challenges_facing_humanity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lorenz' vision of the challenges facing humanity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lorenz'_vision_of_the_challenges_facing_humanity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophical_ideas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophical_ideas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Philosophical ideas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophical_ideas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_essays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_essays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Books and essays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_essays-sublist" 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Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="كونراد لورنتس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كونراد لورنتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="کونراد لورنتس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کونراد لورنتس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лорэнц – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Конрад Лорэнц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D1%91%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лёрэнц – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Конрад Лёрэнц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9B%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82" title="Κόνραντ Λόρεντς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόνραντ Λόρεντς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="کنراد لورنتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کنراد لورنتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8,_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="लोरेन्ट्स, कॉनरॅड झाकारियास – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="लोरेन्ट्स, कॉनरॅड झाकारियास" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%98%EB%9D%BC%ED%8A%B8_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A0%8C%EC%B8%A0" title="콘라트 로렌츠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콘라트 로렌츠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4_%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Կոնրադ Լորենց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոնրադ Լորենց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="קונראד לורנץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קונראד לורנץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BC%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾನ್ರಾಡ್ ಜ಼ಕಾರಿಯಾಸ್ ಲೊರೆಂಟ್ಸ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾನ್ರಾಡ್ ಜ಼ಕಾರಿಯಾಸ್ ಲೊರೆಂಟ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="კონრად ლორენცი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონრად ლორენცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conradus_Lorenz" title="Conradus Lorenz – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Conradus Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konr%C4%81ds_Lorencs" title="Konrāds Lorencs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Konrāds Lorencs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="കോൺറാഡ്‌ ലോറൻസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോൺറാഡ്‌ ലോറൻസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="კონრად ლორენცი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კონრად ლორენცი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="كونراد لورنتس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كونراد لورنتس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="کنراد لورنتس – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کنراد لورنتس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%84" title="コンラート・ローレンツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンラート・ローレンツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2" title="کونراڈ لورینز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کونراڈ لورینز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Лоренц, Конрад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лоренц, Конрад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%86%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2" title="کۆنراد لۆرێنز – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆنراد لۆرێنز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Конрад Лоренц – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Конрад Лоренц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%B9%D8%B2" title="کونارڈ لونٹز – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کونارڈ لونٹز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="康拉德·洛伦兹" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Konrad Lorenz" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%80%AB%E8%8C%B2" title="康拉德·洛倫茲 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="康拉德·洛倫茲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="康拉德·洛伦兹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q78496#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Konrad Lorenz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Konrad_Lorenz.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Konrad_Lorenz.JPG/220px-Konrad_Lorenz.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Konrad_Lorenz.JPG/330px-Konrad_Lorenz.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Konrad_Lorenz.JPG/440px-Konrad_Lorenz.JPG 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="557" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lorenz in 1978</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">7 November 1903<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">27 February 1989<span style="display:none">(1989-02-27)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Austrian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (1973)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9689576"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Konrad Zacharias Lorenz</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, 7 November 1903 – Vienna, 27 February 1989) was an <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoologist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Naturalist">naturalist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornithology" title="Ornithology">ornithologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner. He is one of the founders of studies on animal behaviour (<a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethology</a>). Lorenz studied <a href="/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">instinctive behavior</a> in <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a>, especially in Greylag <a href="/wiki/Geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Geese">geese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jackdaw" title="Jackdaw">jackdaws</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Biography" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biography"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his <a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">autobiographical</a> essay, published in 1973 in <i>Les Prix Nobel</i> (people who win the Nobel Prize are asked to write <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essays</a> about their lives), Lorenz said that his parents were the main reason he was so successful. He also said that a book by Selma Lagerlof called <i>The Wonderful Adventures of Nils</i> that he read as a child was the reason he became interested in wild geese. </p><p>Lorenz began his studies in 1922 at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, but he returned to Vienna in 1923 to continue his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vienna" title="University of Vienna">University of Vienna</a> until 1928. At this university he became an assistant <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a> from 1928 to 1935. In 1936, Lorenz met his great friend and colleague <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Niko Tinbergen</a>. Together they studied geese – wild, domestic, and hybrid. </p><p>In 1940 Lorenz became a professor of <a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Königsberg (not yet started)">University of Königsberg</a>. He was drafted into the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> in 1941. He tried to become a <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycle</a> mechanic, but instead he was assigned as a medic. He was a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoner of war</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> from 1942 to 1948. During this time, he continued to work as a medical doctor and "got quite friendly with some Russians, mostly doctors". When he was sent back home after the war, he was allowed to keep both the manuscript of the book he had been writing and his pet starling. He arrived back in Altenberg "with manuscript and bird intact." The manuscript became his book <i>Behind the Mirror</i>. </p><p>Lorenz shared the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in Physiology or Medicine "for discoveries in individual and social behavior patterns" with two other important early <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Niko Tinbergen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a>. In 1969, he became the first person to receive the Prix mondial <i>Cino Del Duca</i>. </p><p>Lorenz retired from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Planck Institute (not yet started)">Max Planck Institute</a> in 1973 but continued to research and publish from his family home, in Austria. Konrad Lorenz died on 27 February 1989, in Altenberg. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Politics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Politics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lorenz joined the <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist German Workers Party">Nazi Party</a> in 1938 and accepted a university position under <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. In his application for membership to the Nazi-party <a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_German_Workers_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist German Workers Party">NSDAP</a> he wrote in 1938: "I'm able to say that my whole scientific work is devoted to the ideas of the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">National Socialists</a>." </p><p>When he accepted the Nobel Prize in 1973, Lorenz apologized for a 1940 publication that included Nazi views of science, saying that "many highly decent scientists hoped, like I did, for a short time [that] National Socialism [would produce good results], and many quickly turned away from it with the same horror as I [did]." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lorenz'_ideas"><span id="Lorenz.27_ideas"></span>Lorenz' ideas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Lorenz' ideas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Lorenz' ideas"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with Niko Tinbergen, Lorenz formed the idea of an <a href="/wiki/Innate_releasing_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Innate releasing mechanism">innate releasing mechanism</a> to explain instinctive behaviors (fixed action patterns). Building on the ideas of <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McDougall_(psychologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William McDougall (psychologist) (not yet started)">William McDougall</a>, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" explanation of the motives (reasons) of behavior. Another contribution is his work on <a href="/wiki/Imprinting" class="mw-disambig" title="Imprinting">imprinting</a>. His influence on a younger generation of <a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">ethologists</a>, as well as his books, were important in bringing ethology to the attention of the general public. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lorenz'_vision_of_the_challenges_facing_humanity"><span id="Lorenz.27_vision_of_the_challenges_facing_humanity"></span>Lorenz' vision of the challenges facing humanity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Lorenz' vision of the challenges facing humanity" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Lorenz' vision of the challenges facing humanity"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lorenz predicted that <a href="/wiki/Market" title="Market">market</a> <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">economics</a> could eventually destroy Earth's <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystem</a>. In his 1973 book, <i>Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins</i>, Lorenz considered the following <a href="/wiki/Paradox" title="Paradox">paradox</a>: </p> <dl><dd>"All the advantages that man has gained from his ever-deepening understanding of the natural world that surrounds him, his technological, chemical and medical progress, all of which should [help] to [ease] human suffering... tends instead to [make] humanity's destruction [more likely than it was before]."</dd></dl> <p>Lorenz adopts an ecological model to attempt to explain how this <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/contradiction" class="extiw" title="wikt:contradiction">contradiction</a> can exist: </p> <dl><dd>"To gain a desired prey, a dog or wolf will do things [that they would normally not do, such as] run through thorn bushes, jump into cold water and expose themselves to risks which would normally frighten them. All these inhibitory mechanisms... act as a counterweight to the effects of learning mechanisms... The organism cannot allow itself to pay a price which is not worth paying". p53</dd></dl> <p>In nature, these mechanisms tend towards a 'stable state' among the living beings of an ecology: </p> <dl><dd>"A closer examination shows that these beings... not only do not damage each other, but often constitute a community of interests. It is obvious that the predator is strongly interested in the survival of that species, animal or vegetable, which constitutes its prey. ... It is not uncommon that the prey species derives specific benefits from its interaction with the predator species...". pages 31–33</dd></dl> <p>Lorenz states that humanity is the only species that is not controlled by these mechanisms. This is because humans are the only species that can change its own environment: "[The pace of human ecology] is determined by the progress of man's technology". Not only that, but human ecology (economy) is governed by mechanisms of positive feedback, defined as a mechanism which tends to encourage behavior rather than to discourage it. p43 </p> <dl><dd>Positive feedback always involves the danger of an 'avalanche' effect... One particular kind of positive feedback occurs when individuals of the same species enter into competition among themselves... For many animal species, environmental factors keep... intraspecies selection from [leading to] disaster... But there is no force which exercises this type of healthy regulatory effect on humanity's cultural development; unfortunately for itself, humanity has learned to overcome all those environmental forces which are external to itself". p44</dd></dl> <p>Lorenz does not see human independence from natural ecological processes as necessarily bad. Indeed, he states that "a completely new [ecology] which corresponds in every way to [humanity's] desires... could, theoretically, prove as durable as that which would have existed without his intervention" p36. However, the principle of competition, typical of Western societies, destroys any chance of this: </p> <dl><dd>"The competition between human beings destroys with cold and diabolic brutality... Under the pressure of this competitive fury we have not only forgotten what is useful to humanity as a whole, but even that which is good and advantageous to the individual. [...] One asks, which is more damaging to modern humanity: the thirst for money or consuming haste... in either case, fear plays a very important role: the fear of being overtaken by one's competitors, the fear of becoming poor, the fear of making wrong decisions or the fear of not being up to snuff...". pages 45-47</dd></dl> <p>In this book, Lorenz proposes that the best hope for mankind lies in our looking for mates based on the kindness of their hearts rather than good looks or wealth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophical_ideas">Philosophical ideas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Philosophical ideas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Philosophical ideas"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his 1973 book <i>Behind the Mirror: a search for a natural history of human knowledge</i>, Lorenz considers an old <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophical</a> question: Do our senses actually tell us about the world as it is? Or do they only give us an illusion? Lorenz' answer comes from <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biology" title="Evolutionary biology">evolutionary biology</a>. Only things that help a species to survive and reproduce are kept. Anything that does not benefit a species is quickly removed through the process of <a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">natural selection</a>. Lorenz argued that if our senses gave us wrong information about our environment, humanity would soon be extinct. Therefore we can be sure that our senses give us correct information, for otherwise we would not be here to be deceived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_and_essays">Books and essays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Books and essays" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Books and essays"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lorenz's best-known books are <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=King_Solomon%27s_Ring_(nonfiction)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Solomon's Ring (nonfiction) (not yet started)">King Solomon's Ring</a></i> and <i>On aggression</i>, both written for a popular audience. His scientific work appeared mainly in journal articles, written in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>; they became widely known to English-speaking scientists through the descriptions of it in Tinbergen's 1951 book <i>The study of instinct</i>, though many of his papers were later published in English translation in the two volumes titled <i>Studies in animal and human behaviour</i>. </p> <ul><li><i>King Solomon's Ring</i> (1949)</li> <li><i>Man meets Dog</i> (1950)</li> <li><i>Evolution and modification of behaviour</i> (1965)</li> <li><i>On aggression</i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Studies in animal and human behaviour, Volume I</i> (1970)</li> <li><i>Studies in animal and human behaviour, Volume II</i> (1971)</li> <li><i>Behind the mirror</i> (1973)</li> <li><i>Civilized Man's eight deadly sins</i> (1974)</li> <li><i>The year of the Greylag Goose</i> (1979)</li> <li><i>The foundations of Ethology</i> (1982)</li> <li><i>The natural science of the human species: an introduction to comparative behavioural research – the Russian manuscript (1944-1948)</i>. (1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1973/lorenz-autobio.html">Short Autobiography of Lorenz on the Nobel Foundation website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011203182818/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1973/lorenz-autobio.html">Archived</a> 2001-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/reviewstr18.htm">Review of Biologists Under Hitler</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131103224234/http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/reviewstr18.htm">Archived</a> 2013-11-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"><abbr title="View this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";background:#d3d3d3;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Winners of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Prize_winners_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1901 – 1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Emil_Adolf_von_Behring" title="Emil Adolf von Behring">Behring</a> (1901) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Ross" title="Ronald Ross">Ross</a> (1902) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen" title="Niels Ryberg Finsen">Finsen</a> (1903) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Pavlov</a> (1904) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Koch" title="Robert Koch">Koch</a> (1905) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Golgi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal" title="Santiago Ramón y Cajal">Ramón y Cajal</a> (1906) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Laveran" title="Alphonse Laveran">Laveran</a> (1907) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Mechnikov" title="Ilya Mechnikov">Mechnikov</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrlich" title="Paul Ehrlich">Ehrlich</a> (1908) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Emil_Theodor_Kocher" title="Emil Theodor Kocher">Kocher</a> (1909) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Kossel" title="Albrecht Kossel">Kossel</a> (1910) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Allvar_Gullstrand" title="Allvar Gullstrand">Gullstrand</a> (1911) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Carrel" title="Alexis Carrel">Carrel</a> (1912) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Robert_Richet" title="Charles Robert Richet">Richet</a> (1913) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_B%C3%A1r%C3%A1ny" title="Robert Bárány">Bárány</a> (1914) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jules_Bordet" title="Jules Bordet">Bordet</a> (1919) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/August_Krogh" title="August Krogh">Krogh</a> (1920) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Hill" title="Archibald Hill">Hill</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof" title="Otto Fritz Meyerhof">Meyerhof</a> (1922) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Banting" title="Frederick Banting">Banting</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Macleod" title="John Macleod">Macleod</a> (1923) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Willem_Einthoven" title="Willem Einthoven">Einthoven</a> (1924) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1926 – 1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Fibiger" title="Johannes Fibiger">Fibiger</a> (1926) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wagner-Jauregg" title="Julius Wagner-Jauregg">Wagner-Jauregg</a> (1927) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Nicolle" title="Charles Nicolle">Nicolle</a> (1928) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Eijkman" title="Christiaan Eijkman">Eijkman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hopkins" title="Frederick Hopkins">Hopkins</a> (1929) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karl_Landsteiner" title="Karl Landsteiner">Landsteiner</a> (1930) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg">Warburg</a> (1931) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Sherrington</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian">Adrian</a> (1932) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan" title="Thomas Hunt Morgan">Morgan</a> (1933) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/George_Whipple" title="George Whipple">Whipple</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Minot" title="George Minot">Minot</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_P._Murphy" title="William P. Murphy">Murphy</a> (1934) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hans_Spemann" title="Hans Spemann">Spemann</a> (1935) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Dale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Otto_Loewi" title="Otto Loewi">Loewi</a> (1936) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Szent-Györgyi</a> (1937) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Corneille_Heymans" title="Corneille Heymans">Heymans</a> (1938) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Domagk" title="Gerhard Domagk">Domagk</a> (1939) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Dam" title="Henrik Dam">Dam</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Doisy</a> (1943) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Erlanger" title="Joseph Erlanger">Erlanger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Gasser" title="Herbert Gasser">Gasser</a> (1944) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Fleming" title="Alexander Fleming">Fleming</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Chain" title="Ernst Chain">Chain</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Florey</a> (1945) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/H._J._Muller" title="H. J. Muller">Muller</a> (1946) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Cori" title="Carl Ferdinand Cori">C.Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">G.Cori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Houssay" title="Bernardo Houssay">Houssay</a> (1947) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Müller</a> (1948) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Walter_Rudolf_Hess" title="Walter Rudolf Hess">Hess</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Egas_Moniz" title="António Egas Moniz">Moniz</a> (1949) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edward_Calvin_Kendall" title="Edward Calvin Kendall">Kendall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tadeus_Reichstein" title="Tadeus Reichstein">Reichstein</a> / <a href="/wiki/Philip_Showalter_Hench" title="Philip Showalter Hench">Hench</a> (1950) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1951 – 1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Max_Theiler" title="Max Theiler">Theiler</a> (1951) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman">Waksman</a> (1952) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs" title="Hans Krebs">Krebs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Lipmann</a> (1953) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin_Enders" class="mw-redirect" title="John Franklin Enders">Enders</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huckle_Weller" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Huckle Weller">Weller</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Chapman_Robbins" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Chapman Robbins">Robbins</a> (1954) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Theorell" title="Hugo Theorell">Theorell</a> (1955) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cournand" class="mw-redirect" title="André Frédéric Cournand">Cournand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Werner_Forssmann" title="Werner Forssmann">Forssmann</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_W._Richards" title="Dickinson W. Richards">Richards</a> (1956) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bovet" title="Daniel Bovet">Bovet</a> (1957) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/George_Beadle" title="George Beadle">Beadle</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tatum" title="Edward Tatum">Tatum</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Lederberg</a> (1958) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Severo Ochoa">Ochoa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Kornberg</a> (1959) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Burnet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Medawar</a> (1960) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Georg_von_B%C3%A9k%C3%A9sy" title="Georg von Békésy">Békésy</a> (1961) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Crick</a> / <a href="/wiki/James_D._Watson" title="James D. Watson">Watson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Wilkins" title="Maurice Wilkins">Wilkins</a> (1962) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">Eccles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Hodgkin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Huxley</a> (1963) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Emil_Bloch" title="Konrad Emil Bloch">Bloch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Feodor_Felix_Konrad_Lynen" class="mw-redirect" title="Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen">Lynen</a> (1964) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Jacob" title="François Jacob">Jacob</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Michel_Lwoff" class="mw-redirect" title="André Michel Lwoff">Lwoff</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Monod" title="Jacques Monod">Monod</a> (1965) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Francis_Peyton_Rous" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Peyton Rous">Rous</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brenton_Huggins" title="Charles Brenton Huggins">Huggins</a> (1966) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Granit" title="Ragnar Granit">Granit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Haldan_Keffer_Hartline" title="Haldan Keffer Hartline">Hartline</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Wald" title="George Wald">Wald</a> (1967) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_W._Holley" title="Robert W. Holley">Holley</a> / <a href="/wiki/Har_Gobind_Khorana" title="Har Gobind Khorana">Khorana</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Warren_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Warren Nirenberg">Nirenberg</a> (1968) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Delbr%C3%BCck" title="Max Delbrück">Delbrück</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hershey" title="Alfred Hershey">Hershey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Luria</a> (1969) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Katz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ulf_von_Euler" title="Ulf von Euler">Euler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julius_Axelrod" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Axelrod">Axelrod</a> (1970) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Earl_Wilbur_Sutherland_Jr." title="Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.">Sutherland</a> (1971) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Edelman" title="Gerald Edelman">Edelman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Porter</a> (1972) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Frisch</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lorenz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Niko_Tinbergen" title="Niko Tinbergen">Tinbergen</a> (1973) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Claude" title="Albert Claude">Claude</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Duve" title="Christian de Duve">Duve</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Emil_Palade" title="George Emil Palade">Palade</a> (1974) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">Baltimore</a> / <a href="/wiki/Howard_Temin" title="Howard Temin">Temin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Dulbecco</a> (1975) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1976 – 2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Baruch_Samuel_Blumberg" title="Baruch Samuel Blumberg">Blumberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek" title="Daniel Carleton Gajdusek">Gajdusek</a> (1976) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Guillemin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schally" title="Andrew Schally">Schally</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Yalow</a> (1977) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Arber" title="Werner Arber">Arber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Nathans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Smith" title="Hamilton Smith">Smith</a> (1978) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Allan_McLeod_Cormack" title="Allan McLeod Cormack">Cormack</a> / <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Hounsfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Godfrey Hounsfield">Hounsfield</a> (1979) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Benacerraf</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dausset" title="Jean Dausset">Dausset</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Davis_Snell" title="George Davis Snell">Snell</a> (1980) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Sperry">Sperry</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Hubel" title="David Hubel">Hubel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Wiesel</a> (1981) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sune_Bergstr%C3%B6m" title="Sune Bergström">Bergström</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bengt_I._Samuelsson" title="Bengt I. Samuelsson">Samuelsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Vane" class="mw-redirect" title="John Robert Vane">Vane</a> (1982) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">McClintock</a> (1983) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Kaj_Jerne" title="Niels Kaj Jerne">Jerne</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georges_J._F._K%C3%B6hler" title="Georges J. F. Köhler">Köhler</a> / <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" class="mw-redirect" title="César Milstein">Milstein</a> (1984) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Goldstein" title="Joseph L. Goldstein">Goldstein</a> (1985) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Levi-Montalcini</a> (1986) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Susumu_Tonegawa" title="Susumu Tonegawa">Tonegawa</a> (1987) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Black" title="James Black">Black</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Elion</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_H._Hitchings" title="George H. Hitchings">Hitchings</a> (1988) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Bishop" title="J. Michael Bishop">Bishop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Varmus</a> (1989) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Murray" title="Joseph Murray">Murray</a> / <a href="/wiki/E._Donnall_Thomas" title="E. Donnall Thomas">Thomas</a> (1990) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Neher</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Sakmann</a> (1991) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edmond_H._Fischer" title="Edmond H. Fischer">Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edwin_G._Krebs" title="Edwin G. Krebs">Krebs</a> (1992) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Roberts" title="Richard Roberts">Roberts</a> / <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Sharp" title="Phillip Sharp">Sharp</a> (1993) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Alfred_G._Gilman" title="Alfred G. Gilman">Gilman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rodbell" title="Martin Rodbell">Rodbell</a> (1994) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Edward_B._Lewis" title="Edward B. Lewis">Lewis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Christiane_N%C3%BCsslein-Volhard" title="Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard">Nüsslein-Volhard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_F._Wieschaus" title="Eric F. Wieschaus">Wieschaus</a> (1995) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" title="Peter C. Doherty">Doherty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Rolf_M._Zinkernagel" title="Rolf M. Zinkernagel">Zinkernagel</a> (1996) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" title="Stanley B. Prusiner">Prusiner</a> (1997) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Furchgott" title="Robert F. Furchgott">Furchgott</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ignarro" title="Louis Ignarro">Ignarro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ferid_Murad" title="Ferid Murad">Murad</a> (1998) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Blobel" title="Günter Blobel">Blobel</a> (1999) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Carlsson" title="Arvid Carlsson">Carlsson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengard" title="Paul Greengard">Greengard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Kandel</a> (2000) </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2001 – present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Lee_Hartwell" title="Lee Hartwell">Hartwell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tim_Hunt" title="Tim Hunt">Hunt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Nurse</a> (2001) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Brenner</a> / <a href="/wiki/H._Robert_Horvitz" title="H. Robert Horvitz">Horvitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Sulston" title="John Sulston">Sulston</a> (2002) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Lauterbur" title="Paul Lauterbur">Lauterbur</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mansfield" title="Peter Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (2003) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Axel" title="Richard Axel">Axel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Linda_B._Buck" title="Linda B. Buck">Buck</a> (2004) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Marshall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robin_Warren" title="Robin Warren">Warren</a> (2005) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fire" title="Andrew Fire">Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Craig_Mello" title="Craig Mello">Mello</a> (2006) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Capecchi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Evans" title="Martin Evans">Evans</a> / <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Smithies" title="Oliver Smithies">Smithies</a> (2007) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Barr%C3%A9-Sinoussi" title="Françoise Barré-Sinoussi">Barré-Sinoussi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" title="Luc Montagnier">Montagnier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harald_zur_Hausen" title="Harald zur Hausen">zur Hausen</a> (2008) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Blackburn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carol_Greider" title="Carol Greider">Greider</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jack_Szostak" title="Jack Szostak">Szostak</a> (2009) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Robert_Edwards" title="Robert Edwards">Edwards</a> (2010) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beutler" title="Bruce Beutler">Beutler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jules_Hoffmann" title="Jules Hoffmann">Hoffmann</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Steinman" title="Ralph Steinman">Steinman</a> (2011) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_Gurdon" title="John Gurdon">Gurdon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Shinya_Yamanaka" title="Shinya Yamanaka">Yamanaka</a> (2012) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_Rothman" title="James Rothman">Rothman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Randy_Schekman" title="Randy Schekman">Schekman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._S%C3%BCdhof" title="Thomas C. Südhof">Südhof</a> (2013) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe" title="John O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a> / <a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">M-B. Moser</a> / <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">E. Moser</a> (2014) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/William_C._Campbell_(scientist)" title="William C. Campbell (scientist)">Campbell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satoshi_%C5%8Cmura" title="Satoshi Ōmura">Ōmura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tu_Youyou" title="Tu Youyou">Youyou</a> (2015) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Yoshinori_Ohsumi" title="Yoshinori Ohsumi">Ohsumi</a> (2016) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_C._Hall" title="Jeffrey C. Hall">Hall</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Rosbash" title="Michael Rosbash">Rosbash</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_W._Young" title="Michael W. Young">Young</a> (2017) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/James_P._Allison" title="James P. Allison">Allison</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tasuku_Honjo" title="Tasuku Honjo">Honjo</a> (2018) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Gregg_L._Semenza" title="Gregg L. Semenza">Semenza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_J._Ratcliffe" title="Peter J. Ratcliffe">Ratcliffe</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Kaelin_Jr." title="William Kaelin Jr.">Kaelin Jr.</a> (2019) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Harvey_J._Alter" title="Harvey J. Alter">Atler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Houghton" title="Michael Houghton">Houghton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Rice" title="Charles M. Rice">Rice</a> (2020) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Ardem_Patapoutian" title="Ardem Patapoutian">Patapoutian</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Julius" title="David Julius">Julius</a> (2021) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Svante_P%C3%A4%C3%A4bo" title="Svante Pääbo">Pääbo</a> (2022) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Katalin_Karik%C3%B3" title="Katalin Karikó">Karikó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Drew_Weissman" title="Drew Weissman">Weissman</a> (2023) <b>·</b>  <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Ambros</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Ruvkun</a> (2024) </p> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&oldid=8041620">https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Konrad_Lorenz&oldid=8041620</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine_winners" title="Category:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1903_births" title="Category:1903 births">1903 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1989_deaths" title="Category:1989 deaths">1989 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Naturalists" title="Category:Naturalists">Naturalists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Zoologists" title="Category:Zoologists">Zoologists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_scientists" title="Category:Austrian scientists">Austrian scientists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Austrian_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Category:Austrian Nobel Prize winners">Austrian Nobel Prize winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethologists" title="Category:Ethologists">Ethologists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last changed on 19 February 2022, at 22:24.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>; additional terms may apply. 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