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</div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter III of Aragon</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Peter_III_of_Aragon" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Peter_III_of_Aragon" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button 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cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Peter III of Aragon</b> (In Aragonese, <i>Pero</i>; in Catalan, <i>Pere</i>; in Italian, <i>Pietro</i>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1239</span> – November 1285) was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Aragonese_monarchs" title="List of Aragonese monarchs">King of Aragon</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Valencian_monarchs" title="List of Valencian monarchs">King of Valencia</a> (as <span class="nowrap"><b>Peter I</b></span>), and <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Count of Barcelona</a> (as <span class="nowrap"><b>Peter II</b></span>) from 1276 to his death. At the invitation of some rebels, he conquered the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> and became <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> in 1282, pressing the claim of his wife, <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance II of Sicily</a>, uniting the kingdom to the crown. </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Peter III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_III_rey_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Pedro_III_rey_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg/220px-Pedro_III_rey_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Pedro_III_rey_de_Arag%C3%B3n.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="299"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Detail from the <i><a href="/wiki/Nuova_Cronica" title="Nuova Cronica">Nuova Cronica</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Aragon">King of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Valencia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Valencia">Valencia</a><br><a href="/wiki/Count_of_Barcelona" title="Count of Barcelona">Count of Barcelona</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">27 July 1276<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1276-07-27</span>)</span> – November 1285<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1285-11</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">4 September 1282<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1282-09-04</span>)</span> – November 1285<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1285-11</span>)</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James I</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-ruler</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constance_II_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance II of Sicily">Constance II of Sicily</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1239</span><br><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1285<span style="display:none">(1285-11-00)</span> (aged 45–46)<br><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Vilafranca_del_Pened%C3%A8s" title="Vilafranca del Penedès">Vilafranca del Penedès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="label"><i><a href="/wiki/Santes_Creus" title="Santes Creus">Santes Creus</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Constance_II_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance II of Sicily">Constance II of Sicily</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="13 June 1262">1262</span>)<wbr></wbr></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a><br><span style="font-weight:normal"><i><a href="#Children">more...</a></i></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III,_King_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfonso III, King of Aragon">Alfonso III, King of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II,_King_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="James II, King of Aragon">James II, King of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Aragon">Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_King_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick III, King of Sicily">Frederick III, King of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Aragon,_Duchess_of_Calabria" title="Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria">Yolande, Duchess of Calabria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Barcelona" title="House of Barcelona">Barcelona</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Violant_of_Hungary" title="Violant of Hungary">Violant of Hungary</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Youth_and_succession"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Youth and succession</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_rebellions"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Early rebellions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Wars_abroad"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Wars abroad</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Tunisia"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Tunisia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">War of the Sicilian Vespers</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Later_domestic_unrest"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Later domestic unrest</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Aragonese_Crusade"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Aragonese Crusade</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Troubadour_works"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Troubadour works</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Death_and_legacy"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Death and legacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Children"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Children</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Youth_and_succession">Youth and succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Youth and succession" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Peter was the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a> and his second wife <a href="/wiki/Violant_of_Hungary" title="Violant of Hungary">Violant of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214–215_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214%E2%80%93215-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 13 June 1262, Peter married <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance II of Sicily</a>, daughter and heiress of <a href="/wiki/Manfred_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriman1918319_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriman1918319-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his youth and early adulthood, Peter gained a great deal of military experience in his father's wars of the <i><a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a></i> against the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1275, Peter besieged, captured, and executed his rebellious half-brother <a href="/wiki/Fernando_S%C3%A1nchez_de_Castro" title="Fernando Sánchez de Castro">Fernando Sánchez de Castro</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomar_de_Cinca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomar de Cinca (page does not exist)">Pomar de Cinca</a>. </p><p>On his father's death in 1276, the lands of the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> were divided amongst his two sons. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Kingdom of Aragon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a> went to Peter III as being the eldest son; while the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_counties" title="Catalan counties">Catalan counties</a> beyond the Pyrenees went to the second son, who became <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca" title="James II of Majorca">James II of Majorca</a>. </p><p>Peter and Constance were crowned in <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> in November 1276 by the archbishop of Tarragona.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Early_rebellions">Early rebellions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early rebellions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png/220px-Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="519"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 181px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png/220px-Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png" data-width="220" data-height="181" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png/330px-Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png/440px-Audience_de_pierre_3_d%27aragon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Audience of Peter III of Aragon; <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">medieval miniature</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Catalan_constitutions" title="Catalan constitutions">Usatici et Constitutiones Cataloniae</a></i> (between <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1315–1325</span>).</figcaption></figure> <p>Peter's first act as king was to complete the pacification of his <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Valencian territory</a>, an action which had been underway before his father's death. </p><p>However, a revolt soon broke out in the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>, led by the viscount of <a href="/wiki/Cardona,_Spain" title="Cardona, Spain">Cardona</a> and abetted by <a href="/wiki/Roger-Bernard_III,_Count_of_Foix" title="Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix">Roger-Bernard III of Foix</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Roger_I,_Count_of_Pallars_Sobir%C3%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arnold Roger I, Count of Pallars Sobirà (page does not exist)">Arnold Roger I of Pallars Sobirà</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ermengol_X,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Ermengol X, Count of Urgell">Ermengol X of Urgell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rebels had developed a hatred for Peter as a result of the severity of his dealings with them during the reign of his father. Now they opposed him for not summoning the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Courts" title="Catalan Courts">Catalan Courts</a>, and confirming its privileges after his ascension to the throne. </p><p>At the same time, a succession crisis continued in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Urgell" title="County of Urgell">County of Urgell</a>. When <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Álvaro, Count of Urgell">Àlvar of Urgell</a> died in 1268, the families of his two wives, Constance, a daughter of Pere de Montcada of Bearn, and Cecilia, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Roger-Bernard_II,_Count_of_Foix" title="Roger-Bernard II, Count of Foix">Roger-Bernard II of Foix</a>, began a long fight over the inheritance of his county. Meanwhile, a good portion of the county had been repossessed by Peter's father, James I, and was thus inherited by Peter in 1276. In 1278, <a href="/wiki/Ermengol_X,_Count_of_Urgell" title="Ermengol X, Count of Urgell">Ermengol X</a>, Àlvar's eldest son, succeeded in recovering most of his lost patrimony and came to an agreement with Peter whereby he recognised the latter as his suzerain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1280, Peter defeated the stewing rebellion led by <a href="/wiki/Roger-Bernard_III,_Count_of_Foix" title="Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix">Roger-Bernard III</a> after besieging the rebels in <a href="/wiki/Balaguer" title="Balaguer">Balaguer</a> for a month. Most of the rebel leaders were imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> until 1281, while Roger-Bernard was imprisoned until 1284. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Wars_abroad">Wars abroad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Wars abroad" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tunisia">Tunisia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Tunisia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_I_al-Mustansir" title="Muhammad I al-Mustansir">Muhammad I al-Mustansir</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hafsid_dynasty" title="Hafsid dynasty">Hafsid</a> Emir of Tunisia who had put himself under <a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I of Aragon</a>, died in 1277, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a> threw off the yoke of Aragonese suzerainty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933101_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933101-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter first sent an expedition to <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> in 1280 under Conrad de Llansa designed to re-establish his suzerainty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1281, he himself prepared to lead a fleet of 140 ships with 15,000 men to invade Tunisia on behalf of the governor of <a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933102_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933102-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fleet landed at <a href="/wiki/Collo" title="Collo">Alcoyll</a> in 1282. It was these Aragonese troops that received a Sicilian embassy after the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Vespers</a> of 30 March asking Peter to take their throne from <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: War of the Sicilian Vespers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers" title="War of the Sicilian Vespers">War of the Sicilian Vespers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="969"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 168px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="168" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg/330px-Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg/440px-Nuova_cronica._f.123r.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Peter III gives audience to ambassadors of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>, demanding Peter to intervene in the war against <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I of Anjou</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nuova_Cronica" title="Nuova Cronica">Nuova Cronica</a></i>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="988"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg/330px-Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg/440px-Nuova_cronica._f.123v.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Peter III preparing his trip to Sicily. The king receives the visit of two Dominican friars, envoyes of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a> trying to convince him not to sail to Sicily. <i><a href="/wiki/Nuova_Cronica" title="Nuova Cronica">Nuova Cronica</a></i>.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="995"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg/220px-Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg/330px-Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg/440px-Nuova_cronica._f.127r.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Peter III's fleet landing at <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>. The king is depicted directing the landing, next to his wife Constance. <i><a href="/wiki/Nuova_Cronica" title="Nuova Cronica">Nuova Cronica</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1266, <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I of Naples">Charles I of Naples</a>, with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_IV" title="Pope Clement IV">Pope Clement IV</a>, invaded the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>, governed by the <a href="/wiki/Hohenstaufen" title="Hohenstaufen">house of Hohenstaufen</a>, which was the house of Peter's wife, <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance II of Sicily</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Manfred,_King_of_Sicily" title="Manfred, King of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a> and rightful heir to the throne of Sicily after the deaths of her father and cousin <a href="/wiki/Conradin" title="Conradin">Conradin</a> fighting against Charles's invading forces. This made Peter the heir of <a href="/wiki/Manfred_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Manfred of Sicily">Manfred of Sicily</a> in right of his wife. </p><p>The Italian physician <a href="/wiki/John_of_Procida" title="John of Procida">John of Procida</a> acted on behalf of Peter in Sicily. John had fled to Aragon after Charles' success at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tagliacozzo" title="Battle of Tagliacozzo">Battle of Tagliacozzo</a>. John travelled to Sicily to stir up the discontents in favour of Peter and thence to Constantinople to procure the support of <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael refused to aid the Aragonese king without papal approval, and so John voyaged to Rome and there gained the consent of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a>, who feared the ascent of Charles in the <a href="/wiki/Mezzogiorno" class="mw-redirect" title="Mezzogiorno">Mezzogiorno</a>. John then returned to Barcelona but the Pope died, to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a>, a Frenchman and a staunch ally of <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Capetian_House_of_Anjou" title="Capetian House of Anjou">Anjou dynasty</a>. This set the stage for the upcoming conflict. </p><p>Constance thus claimed to her father's throne, supported by her husband, but the claim was fruitless, as Charles was supported by the Papacy and his power remained stronger. The election of a new <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_III" title="Pope Nicholas III">Pope Nicholas III</a> in 1277 gave the King of Aragon a glimpse of hope, but Nicholas died in 1280 and a pro-French <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a> dissipated hopes. </p><p>Peter nevertheless had begun making strategic alliances with his neighbouring monarchs. Peter made his brother <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca" title="James II of Majorca">James II of Majorca</a> sign the treaty of Perpignan in 1279, in which he recognized the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Majorca" title="Kingdom of Majorca">Kingdom of Majorca</a> as a feudal kingdom of Peter III (making the Crown of Aragon an indissoluble unity). Peter pressed his advantage and by February 1283 had taken most of the Calabrian coastline. Charles, perhaps feeling desperate, sent letters to Peter demanding they resolve the conflict by personal combat. Peter accepted and Charles returned to France to arrange the duel. Both kings chose six knights to settle on places and dates, and a duel was scheduled for 1 June at <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>. A hundred knights would accompany each side and <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a> would adjudge the contest; the English king, heeding the pope, however, refused to take part. Peter left John of Procida in charge of Sicily and returned via his own kingdom to Bordeaux, which he entered in disguise to evade a suspected French ambush. Needless to say, no combat ever took place and Peter returned to find a very turbulent Aragon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also had a long-lasting friendly relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Castile" title="Kingdom of Castile">Kingdom of Castile</a>, establishing a strong alliance between realms by signing the treaties of Campillo and Ágreda in 1281 with <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_X_of_Castile" title="Alfonso X of Castile">Alfonso X of Castile</a> and infant <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho</a>. </p><p>With the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Kingdom of Portugal</a>, Peter established a marital alliance by which his eldest daughter <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Aragon">Elizabeth of Aragon</a> married <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Denis I of Portugal</a>. Peter also made alliance with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, engaging his heir <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III</a> with <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_England,_Countess_of_Bar" title="Eleanor of England, Countess of Bar">Eleanor of England</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I of England</a>. Despite all these alliances, Peter kept his bad relationship with the Kingdom of France. </p><p>On 30 March 1282 there was a popular uprising in the Kingdom of Sicily called the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Vespers" title="Sicilian Vespers">Sicilian Vespers</a>, against the government of Charles I of Anjou. The noble sicilian rebels asked for Peter for help and offered him the crown as they considered his wife Constance their rightful Queen, and after receiving an embassy from the people of <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> at <a href="/wiki/Alcoy,_Spain" title="Alcoy, Spain">Alcoy</a>, Peter landed at <a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a> on 30 August 1282.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was proclaimed King in Palermo on 4 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charles was forced to flee across the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Messina" class="mw-redirect" title="Straits of Messina">Straits of Messina</a> and be content with his <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a> excommunicated both Peter and <a href="/wiki/Michael_VIII_Palaiologos" title="Michael VIII Palaiologos">Michael VIII Palaiologos</a> for providing Peter with 60,000 gold pieces to invade Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003180_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003180-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Catalan ground troops were commanded by Guillem Galceran de Cartellà, and were formed by the famous and feared <a href="/wiki/Almogavars" title="Almogavars">almogavars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arbalest" title="Arbalest">crossbowmen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lance" title="Lance">lancers</a>. Peter's powerful fleet was commanded by <a href="/wiki/Roger_of_Lauria" title="Roger of Lauria">Roger of Lauria</a>, and constantly repelled Angevin attacks to the island. Roger de Lauria defeated the French forces at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Malta" title="Battle of Malta">Battle of Malta</a>, and at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Naples" title="Battle of the Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a> in 1284, where <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_Naples" title="Charles II of Naples">Charles of Salerno</a>, son of Charles I, was made prisoner. </p><p>The conquest of Sicily was financed by Jewish contributions and taxes charged to the <i><a href="/wiki/Aljama" title="Aljama">aljamas</a>.</i> The infant Alfonso demanded them an allowance of 200,000 <i>sous</i> in 1282. The <i>aljamas</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Valencia" title="Kingdom of Valencia">Kingdom of Valencia</a> gave 25,000 <i>sous,</i> the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Aragon" title="Kingdom of Aragon">Aragonese</a> 75,000 and 100,000 were charged to the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Catalan</a> <i>aljamas</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> was to be a tenaciously pursued inheritance for the Aragonese royal house and its heirs for the next five centuries. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Later_domestic_unrest">Later domestic unrest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later domestic unrest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Peter was dealing with domestic unrest at the time when the French were preparing an invasion of Aragon. He took <a href="/wiki/Albarrac%C3%ADn" title="Albarracín">Albarracín</a> from the rebellious noble <a href="/wiki/Juan_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_I_de_Lara" title="Juan Núñez I de Lara">Juan Núñez de Lara</a>, he renewed the alliance with <a href="/wiki/Sancho_IV_of_Castile" title="Sancho IV of Castile">Sancho IV of Castile</a>, and he attacked <a href="/wiki/Tudela,_Navarre" title="Tudela, Navarre">Tudela</a> in an attempt to prevent <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philip I of Navarre</a> from invading on that front. Peter held meetings of the <i>cortes</i> at <a href="/wiki/Tarragona" title="Tarragona">Tarragona</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a> in 1283. He was forced to grant the <i>Privilegio General</i> to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Aragon" title="Union of Aragon">Union of Aragon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1283, Peter's brother <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Majorca" title="James II of Majorca">James II of Majorca</a> joined the French and recognised their suzerainty over <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>. This gave the French free passage into Catalonia through <a href="/wiki/County_of_Roussillon" title="County of Roussillon">Roussillon</a> as well as access to the Balearic Islands. In October, Peter began preparing the defences of Catalonia. In 1284, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_IV" title="Pope Martin IV">Pope Martin IV</a> granted the Kingdom of Aragon to <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles, Count of Valois</a>, another son of the French king and great-nephew of Charles I of Anjou. Papal sanction was given to a war to conquer Aragon on behalf of Charles of Valois. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Aragonese_Crusade">Aragonese Crusade</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aragonese Crusade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_Crusade" title="Aragonese Crusade">Aragonese Crusade</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg/220px-Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="1000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 232px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg/220px-Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="232" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg/330px-Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg/440px-Pedro_III_el_Grande_en_el_collado_de_las_Panizas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><i>Peter III the Great at Col de Panissars</i>, painting by <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Barbas%C3%A1n" title="Mariano Barbasán">Mariano Barbasán</a> (1891), Diputación Provincial de Zaragoza, <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1284, the first French armies under Philip and <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Count_of_Valois" title="Charles, Count of Valois">Charles</a> entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003106_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003106-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the French had James's support, the local populace rose against them. The city of <a href="/wiki/Elne" title="Elne">Elne</a> was valiantly defended by the so-called "bastard of Roussillon", the illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Nu%C3%B1o_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Nuño Sánchez">Nuño Sánchez</a>, late count of Roussillon. Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt; the royal forces progressed. </p><p>In 1285, Philip entrenched himself before <a href="/wiki/Girona" title="Girona">Girona</a> in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of <a href="/wiki/Roger_de_Lauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger de Lauria">Roger de Lauria</a>, back from the Italian theatre of the drawn-out conflict. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Les_Formigues" title="Battle of Les Formigues">Battle of Les Formigues</a> on 4 September 1285. In addition, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of <a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">dysentery</a>. </p><p>The King of France himself was afflicted. The King of Navarre, the heir apparent to the French throne, opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the Pyrenees. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Col_de_Panissars" title="Battle of the Col de Panissars">Battle of the Col de Panissars</a>. Philip III of France died in October at <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a>, the capital of James II of Majorca (who had fled in fear after being confronted by Peter), and was buried in <a href="/wiki/Narbonne" title="Narbonne">Narbonne</a>. James was declared a vassal of Peter. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Troubadour_works">Troubadour works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Troubadour works" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>Peter matched his father in patronage of the arts and literature, but unlike him he was a lover of verse, not prose. He favoured the <a href="/wiki/Troubadours" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubadours">troubadours</a>, having himself created two <i><a href="/wiki/Sirventes" title="Sirventes">sirventesos</a></i>. The first is in the form of an exchange between himself and <a href="/wiki/Peironet" title="Peironet">Peironet</a>, a troubadour. The second is part of a compilation of five compositions from Peter himself, <a href="/wiki/Bernat_d%27Auriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernat d'Auriac">Bernat d'Auriac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pere_Salvatge" title="Pere Salvatge">Pere Salvatge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger-Bernard_III,_Count_of_Foix" title="Roger-Bernard III, Count of Foix">Roger-Bernard III of Foix</a>, and an anonymous contributor. </p><p>As well the wars with Philip III of France and James II of Majorca furnished material for new <i>sirventesos</i> and during this period the <i>sirventes</i> was converted into a convenient tool of political propaganda in which each side could, directly or allegorically, present its case and procure sympathy propitious to its cause. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death and legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <p>Peter died from unknown causes at <a href="/wiki/Vilafranca_del_Pened%C3%A8s" title="Vilafranca del Penedès">Vilafranca del Penedès</a> in November 1285,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabrera_Sánchez2011112–113_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECabrera_S%C3%A1nchez2011112%E2%80%93113-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> just one month after <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philip III of France</a>, and was buried in the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/Santes_Creus" title="Santes Creus">Santes Creus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His deathbed absolution occurred after he declared that his conquests had been in the name of his familial claims and never against the claims of the church. His remains are entombed in a <a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">porphyry</a> sarcophagus at the monastery. </p><p>Peter made his final testament on 2 November 1285. In it he instructed his successor to return the kingdom of Sicily to the pope and to release all Angevin prisoners of war. Although the will was copied into the royal register, it was ignored by his successors. Peter's eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III</a>, inherited Aragon while Sicily went to his second son, <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James II</a>. His third son, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_II_of_Trinacria" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick II of Trinacria">Frederick</a>, later succeeded James as king of Sicily.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter did not provide for his illegitimate youngest son and namesake, Peter. This Peter left Spain for Portugal with his half-sister Elizabeth. </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>, (Purgatory, Canto VII) <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> sees Peter "singing in accord" with his former rival, Charles I of Anjou, outside the gates of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">Purgatory</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Children">Children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Children" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <p>Peter and <a href="/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily,_Queen_of_Aragon" title="Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon">Constance II of Sicily</a> had: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III of Aragon</a> (<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1265-11-04</span>)</span>4 November 1265 – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1291-06-18</span>)</span>18 June 1291)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James II of Aragon</a> (<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1267-08-10</span>)</span>10 August 1267 – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1327-11-02</span>)</span>2 November 1327)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth of Aragon">Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1271</span> – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1336-07-04</span>)</span>4 July 1336). Married <a href="/wiki/Denis_of_Portugal" title="Denis of Portugal">Denis of Portugal</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1960767_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Sicily" title="Frederick III of Sicily">Frederick III of Sicily</a> (<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1272-12-13</span>)</span>13 December 1272 – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1337-06-25</span>)</span>25 June 1337)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1960767_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolande_of_Aragon,_Duchess_of_Calabria" title="Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria">Yolande of Aragon, Duchess of Calabria</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1273</span> – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1302-08-00</span>)</span>August 1302), married <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Naples" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert of Naples">Robert of Naples</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1960767_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_of_Aragon_(1275%E2%80%931296)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter of Aragon (1275–1296) (page does not exist)">Peter of Aragon</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_de_Arag%C3%B3n_(1275%E2%80%931296)" class="extiw" title="es:Pedro de Aragón (1275–1296)">es</a>]</span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1275</span> – <span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1296-08-25</span>)</span>25 August 1296). Married Guillemette of <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9arn" title="Béarn">Béarn</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Gaston_VII,_Viscount_of_B%C3%A9arn" title="Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn">Gaston VII, Viscount of Béarn</a>.</li></ul> <p>Peter had a relationship with Ines Zapata between 1275-1280 and had the following children: </p> <ul><li>Fernando of Aragon.</li> <li>Sancho of Aragon.</li> <li>Pedro of Aragon. Married in Portugal with Constança Mendes da Silva.</li> <li>Teresa of Aragon.</li></ul> <p>Additionally, he had 3 illegitimate children with Maria Nicolau before marrying Constance of Sicily: </p> <ul><li>Jaime Perez of Aragon (d. 1285).</li> <li>Juan Perez of Aragon.</li> <li>Beatriz of Aragon (d. 1316).</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214–215-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214%E2%80%93215_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurns1985">Burns 1985</a>, pp. 214–215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriman1918319-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriman1918319_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMerriman1918">Merriman 1918</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor193397_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaytor1933">Chaytor 1933</a>, p. 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAurell2020246_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAurell2020">Aurell 2020</a>, p. 246.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933101-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933101_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaytor1933">Chaytor 1933</a>, p. 101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933102-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933102_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaytor1933">Chaytor 1933</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaytor1933103_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaytor1933">Chaytor 1933</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003104_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2003">Harris 2003</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003180-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003180_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2003">Harris 2003</a>, p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarris2003106-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarris2003106_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHarris2003">Harris 2003</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECabrera_Sánchez2011112–113-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECabrera_S%C3%A1nchez2011112%E2%80%93113_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCabrera_S%C3%A1nchez2011">Cabrera Sánchez 2011</a>, pp. 112–113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cultura.elpais.com/cultura/2009/11/26/actualidad/1259190001_850215.html">El País, news on discovery of mummy of Peter III at Monastery of Santes Creus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans-Joachim Schmidt, "The King of Sicily's Testaments: Hidden, Falsified and Forgotten," in <i>Memories Lost in the Middle Ages: Collective Forgetting as an Alternative Procedure of Social Cohesion</i> (Brepols, 2023), pp. 167–183, at 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurns1985214_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurns1985">Burns 1985</a>, p. 214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPrevité-Orton1960767-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960767_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrevit%C3%A9-Orton1960">Previté-Orton 1960</a>, p. 767.</span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAurell2020" class="citation book cs1">Aurell, Jaume (2020). <i>Medieval Self-Coronations: The History and Symbolism of a Ritual</i>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Self-Coronations%3A+The+History+and+Symbolism+of+a+Ritual&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Aurell&rft.aufirst=Jaume&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns1985" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Robert Ignatius, ed. (1985). <i>The Worlds of Alfonso the Learned and James the Conqueror: Intellect and Force in the Middle Ages</i>. Princeton University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Worlds+of+Alfonso+the+Learned+and+James+the+Conqueror%3A+Intellect+and+Force+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCabrera_Sánchez2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cabrera Sánchez, Margarita (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3776486&orden=0&info=link">"La muerte de los miembros de la realeza hispánica medieval a través de los testimonios historiográficos"</a>. <i>En la España medieval</i> (in Spanish). No. 34. Madrid: Universidad Complutense. pp. 97–132. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0214-3038">0214-3038</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=En+la+Espa%C3%B1a+medieval&rft.atitle=La+muerte+de+los+miembros+de+la+realeza+hisp%C3%A1nica+medieval+a+trav%C3%A9s+de+los+testimonios+historiogr%C3%A1ficos&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=97-132&rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0214-3038&rft.aulast=Cabrera+S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdialnet.unirioja.es%2Fservlet%2Farticulo%3Fcodigo%3D3776486%26orden%3D0%26info%3Dlink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaytor1933" class="citation book cs1">Chaytor, H.J. (1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/achistory.htm"><i>A History of Aragón and Catalonia</i></a>. London: Methuen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780404014797" title="Special:BookSources/9780404014797"><bdi>9780404014797</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Arag%C3%B3n+and+Catalonia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen&rft.date=1933&rft.isbn=9780404014797&rft.aulast=Chaytor&rft.aufirst=H.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fchaytor%2Fachistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Colomer Pérez, Guifré, Memòries de la guerra de les Vespres (1282–1285). Controvèrsies ideològiques i conflictes polítics a la Mediterrània occidental, Tesi Doctoral URV, 2022 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10803/675697">http://hdl.handle.net/10803/675697</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2003" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Jonathan (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/byzantiumcrusade0000harr"><i>Byzantium and the Crusades</i></a></span>. London: Hambledon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781852852986" title="Special:BookSources/9781852852986"><bdi>9781852852986</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Crusades&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hambledon&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781852852986&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbyzantiumcrusade0000harr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerriman1918" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Merriman, Roger Bigelow (1918). <i>The Rise of the Spanish Empire in the Old World and in the New</i>. Vol. 1: The Middle Ages. The Macmillan Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Spanish+Empire+in+the+Old+World+and+in+the+New&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Merriman&rft.aufirst=Roger+Bigelow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrevité-Orton1960" class="citation book cs1">Previté-Orton, Charles William (1960). <i>The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History</i>. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shorter+Cambridge+Medieval+History&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Previt%C3%A9-Orton&rft.aufirst=Charles+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiquer1951" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Riquer" class="mw-redirect" title="Martín de Riquer">Riquer, Martín de</a> (1951). "Un trovador valenciano: Pedro el Grande de Aragón". <i>Revista Valenciana de Filología</i>. <b>1</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Valenciana+de+Filolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Un+trovador+valenciano%3A+Pedro+el+Grande+de+Arag%C3%B3n&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Riquer&rft.aufirst=Mart%C3%ADn+de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APeter+III+of+Aragon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_I_of_Aragon" title="James I of Aragon">James I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">King of Aragon and Valencia<br>Count of Barcelona</a> </b><br>1276–1285 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_III_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso III of Aragon">Alfonso III</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_Anjou" title="Charles I of Anjou">Charles I</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs of Sicily">King of Sicily</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i><a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a></i>)</span></span> </b><br>1282–1285<br>with <a href="/wiki/Constance_II_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Constance II of Sicily">Constance II</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_II_of_Aragon" title="James II of Aragon">James I</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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</div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_III_of_Aragon&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Srich32977" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1729280134"> <span>Last edited on 18 October 2024, at 19:35</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86" title="بيدرو الثالث ملك أراغون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيدرو الثالث ملك أراغون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_III_d%27Arag%C3%B3n" title="Pero III d'Aragón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pero III d'Aragón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_III_%D0%92%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Педра III Вялікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Педра III Вялікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0_III_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Пэдра III Арагонскі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пэдра III Арагонскі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_III_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Педро III Арагонски – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Педро III Арагонски" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_Aragon" title="Pedro III Aragon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pedro III Aragon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pere_el_Gran" title="Pere el Gran – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pere el Gran" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_III._Aragonsk%C3%BD" title="Petr III. Aragonský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Petr III. Aragonský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_3._af_Aragonien" title="Peter 3. af Aragonien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Peter 3. af Aragonien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III._(Arag%C3%B3n)" title="Peter III. (Aragón) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Peter III. (Aragón)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πέτρος Γ΄ της Αραγωνίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πέτρος Γ΄ της Αραγωνίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_de_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Pedro III de Aragón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pedro III de Aragón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_la_3-a_(Aragono)" title="Petro la 3-a (Aragono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Petro la 3-a (Aragono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petri_III.a_Aragoikoa" title="Petri III.a Aragoikoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petri III.a Aragoikoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86" title="پدروی سوم، پادشاه آراگون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پدروی سوم، پادشاه آراگون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_III_(roi_d%27Aragon)" title="Pierre III (roi d'Aragon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pierre III (roi d'Aragon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_de_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Pedro III de Aragón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pedro III de Aragón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%EB%A1%9C_3%EC%84%B8" title="페로 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페로 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8_III" title="Պեդրո III – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պեդրո III" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petar_III._Aragonski" title="Petar III. Aragonski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Petar III. Aragonski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pero_III_dari_Aragon" title="Pero III dari Aragon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pero III dari Aragon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro_III_d%27Aragona" title="Pietro III d'Aragona – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pietro III d'Aragona" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99,_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9F" title="פדרו השלישי, מלך אראגון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פדרו השלישי, מלך אראגון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_III_(%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)" title="პედრო III (არაგონი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პედრო III (არაგონი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96)" title="III Педро (Арагон королі) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="III Педро (Арагон королі)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III" title="Pedro III – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pedro III" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._P%C3%A9ter_arag%C3%B3niai_kir%C3%A1ly" title="III. Péter aragóniai király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Péter aragóniai király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86" title="بيدرو الثالث ملك اراجون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيدرو الثالث ملك اراجون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_van_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Peter III van Aragón – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Peter III van Aragón" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD3%E4%B8%96_(%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E7%8E%8B)" title="ペドロ3世 (アラゴン王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペドロ3世 (アラゴン王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_av_Arag%C3%B3n" title="Peter III av Aragón – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Peter III av Aragón" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_III_d%27Aragon" title="Pèire III d'Aragon – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pèire III d'Aragon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr_III_Wielki" title="Piotr III Wielki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piotr III Wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_de_Arag%C3%A3o" title="Pedro III de Aragão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedro III de Aragão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Педро III (король Арагона) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Педро III (король Арагона)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pjetri_III_i_Aragonit" title="Pjetri III i Aragonit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pjetri III i Aragonit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petru_III_d%27Aragona" title="Petru III d'Aragona – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Petru III d'Aragona" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5_III_%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пере III од Арагона – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пере III од Арагона" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_od_Aragona" title="Pedro III od Aragona – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pedro III od Aragona" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietari_III_(Aragonia)" title="Pietari III (Aragonia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pietari III (Aragonia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_III_av_Aragonien" title="Peter III av Aragonien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Peter III av Aragonien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_ng_Aragon" title="Pedro III ng Aragon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pedro III ng Aragon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="พระเจ้าเปโรที่ 3 แห่งอารากอน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พระเจ้าเปโรที่ 3 แห่งอารากอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Pedro_(Aragon_kral%C4%B1)" title="III. Pedro (Aragon kralı) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Pedro (Aragon kralı)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_III_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83)" title="Педро III (король Арагону) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Педро III (король Арагону)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_III_c%E1%BB%A7a_Aragon" title="Pedro III của Aragon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pedro III của Aragon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%EF%BC%88%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B4%A1%EF%BC%89" title="佩德罗三世（阿拉贡） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="佩德罗三世（阿拉贡）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96_(%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E8%B2%A2)" title="佩德羅三世 (阿拉貢) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佩德羅三世 (阿拉貢)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info 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