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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7" title="تریما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تریما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threema" title="Threema – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Threema" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg/192px-Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg/288px-Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg/384px-Threema_app_logo_SVG.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="63" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">App icon</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Threema GmbH</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">December 2012<span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2012-12</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-20min_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20min-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release(s)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="margin:0px;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Android</th><td class="infobox-data">5.8.2<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-64a153e20895b04c90defa4bfec5c4299d9fe0dc-v18_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-64a153e20895b04c90defa4bfec5c4299d9fe0dc-v18-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101604437?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 13 March 2025</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">iOS</th><td class="infobox-data">4.6.17<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-07e209aad1f36c4bd8ce903c734a9f561867b8c8-v18_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-07e209aad1f36c4bd8ce903c734a9f561867b8c8-v18-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101619028?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 14 March 2022</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Desktop</th><td class="infobox-data">1.2.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-f5252fdaf18ed22c114102df1e764aca9b99dfd2-v18_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-f5252fdaf18ed22c114102df1e764aca9b99dfd2-v18-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110367688?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 27 March 2022</td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a> (iOS), <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> (Android), <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET</a> (Windows Phone)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Russian, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Portuguese" title="Brazilian Portuguese">Brazilian Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romansh_language" title="Romansh language">Rumantsch Grischun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Encrypted <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> & voice calling</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Android client: <a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">AGPL-3.0-only</a><br />iOS client: <a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">AGPL-3.0-only</a><br />Web client: <a href="/wiki/GNU_Affero_General_Public_License" title="GNU Affero General Public License">AGPL-3.0-or-later</a><sup id="cite_ref-AGPB-Lic_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGPB-Lic-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Protocol: <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a><sup id="cite_ref-MIT-Lic_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIT-Lic-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> Server: Proprietary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch">threema<wbr />.ch</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Threema</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">paid</a> <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform_software" title="Cross-platform software">cross-platform</a> <a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">encrypted</a> <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> app developed by Threema GmbH in Switzerland and launched in 2012. The service operates on a <a href="/wiki/Decentralized_application" title="Decentralized application">decentralized architecture</a> and offers <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a>. Users can make voice and <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video calls</a>, send photos, files, and voice notes, share locations, and make <a href="/wiki/Group_chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Group chat">groups</a>. Unlike many other popular secure messaging apps, Threema does not require <a href="/wiki/Telephone_number" title="Telephone number">phone numbers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Email_address" title="Email address">email addresses</a> for registration, only a one-time purchase that can be paid via an <a href="/wiki/App_store" title="App store">app store</a> or anonymously with <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cash" title="Cash">cash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Threema is available on <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, and has clients for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, and <a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> and can be accessed via <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> but requires a mobile app to function.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The service claims to be based on the <a href="/wiki/Privacy_by_design" title="Privacy by design">privacy by design</a> principles by not requiring a phone number or other <a href="/wiki/Personal_data" title="Personal data">personally identifiable information</a>. This helps anonymize the users to a degree.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Threema uses a user ID, created after the initial app launch by a random generator, instead of requiring a linked email address or phone number to send messages. It is possible to find other users by phone number or email address if the user allows the app to synchronize their address book.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linking a phone number or email address to a Threema ID is optional. Hence, the service can be used anonymously. Users can verify the identity of their Threema contacts by scanning their <a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">QR code</a> when they meet physically. The QR code contains the <a href="/wiki/Public-key_cryptography" title="Public-key cryptography">public key</a> of the user, which is cryptographically tied to the ID and will not change during the lifetime of the identity. Using this strong authentication feature, users can make sure they have the correct public key from their chat partners, which provides additional security against a <a href="/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack" title="Man-in-the-middle attack">man-in-the-middle attack</a>. Threema knows three levels of authentication (trust levels of the contact's identity). The verification level of each contact is displayed in the Threema application as dots next to the corresponding contact. </p><p>In addition to text messaging, users can make voice and video calls, send multimedia, locations, voice messages, and files.<sup id="cite_ref-What_features_does_Threema_offer_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_features_does_Threema_offer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Web_application" title="Web application">web app</a> version, Threema Web, can be used on desktop devices, but only as long as the phone with the Threema installation of the user is online. There is a beta for iOS users, where it is possible to take the phone offline and still use the desktop app. </p><p>In addition to one-on-one chats, Threema offers group chats up to 256 people. Users can make voice and video calls, send text and voice messages, multimedia, locations, and files of any type (up to 50 MB per file).<sup id="cite_ref-What_features_does_Threema_offer_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-What_features_does_Threema_offer-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also possible to create polls in personal or group chats.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Threema is developed by the Swiss company Threema GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-zefix_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zefix-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and the development is based in <a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4ffikon,_Schwyz" title="Pfäffikon, Schwyz">Pfäffikon SZ</a>. As of May 2021, Threema had 10 million users<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the business version, Threema Work, was used by 2 million users across 5,000 companies and organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of July, 2021 Threema introduced the ability for companies to host the messenger on their own server, primarily intended for companies with significantly high privacy concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clients">Clients</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clients"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With Threema Web, a client for <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browsers</a>, Threema can be used from other devices like <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computers</a>, though only as long as the original device is online. </p><p>Threema optionally supports <a href="/wiki/Android_Wear" class="mw-redirect" title="Android Wear">Android Wear</a> <a href="/wiki/Smartwatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Smartwatches">smartwatch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Android_Auto" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threema launched support for end-to-end encrypted video calls on August 10, 2020. The calls are person-to-person with group calls unavailable.<sup id="cite_ref-Cimpanu_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cimpanu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The application does not allow the self-deletion of messages after a period defined by the interlocutors. The application does prevent screenshots in conversations when configured to do so. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The entire communication via Threema is <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encrypted</a>. During the initial setup, the application generates a <a href="/wiki/Key_pair" class="mw-redirect" title="Key pair">key pair</a> and sends the <a href="/wiki/Public_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Public key">public key</a> to the server while keeping the private key on the user's device.<sup id="cite_ref-crypto_authorities_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crypto_authorities-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The application then encrypts all messages and files that are sent to other Threema users with their respective public keys.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-net-security.org_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-net-security.org-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a message is delivered successfully, it is immediately deleted from the <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The encryption process used by Threema is based on the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> library <a href="/wiki/NaCl_(software)" title="NaCl (software)">NaCl library</a>. Threema uses asymmetric <a href="/wiki/Elliptic_curve_cryptography" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliptic curve cryptography">ECC</a>-based encryption, with 256-bit strength. Threema offers a "Validation Logging" feature that makes it possible to confirm that messages are end-to-end encrypted using the <a href="/wiki/NaCl_(software)" title="NaCl (software)">NaCl</a> Networking and Cryptography library.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2015, Threema was subjected to an external security audit.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers from cnlab confirmed that Threema allows secure end-to-end encryption, and claimed that they were unable to identify any weaknesses in the implementation. Cnlab researchers also confirmed that Threema provides anonymity to its users and handles contacts and other user data as advertised.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-audit_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-audit-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Threema was founded in December 2012 by Manuel Kasper.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company was initially called Kasper Systems GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-mailify_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mailify-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Blatter and Silvan Engeler joined Kasper to develop an Android application that was released in early 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-freitag_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freitag-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Summer 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Global_surveillance_disclosures_(2013%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)">Snowden leaks</a> helped create an interest in Threema, boosting the user numbers to the hundreds of thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-businessinsider_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-businessinsider-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Facebook took over <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a> in February 2014, Threema got 200,000 new users, doubling its userbase in 24 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 80% percent of those new users came from Germany. By March 2014 Threema had 1.2 million users.<sup id="cite_ref-freitag_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freitag-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Spring 2014, operations were transferred to the newly created Threema GmbH.<sup id="cite_ref-mailify_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mailify-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Martin Blatter took over the position of CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-nzz_blatter_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzz_blatter-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2014, Apple listed Threema as the most-sold app of 2014 at the German App Store.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Threema expanded with video calls,<sup id="cite_ref-Cimpanu_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cimpanu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plans to open-source its client-side apps and introduce reproducible builds of them,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as introduce Threema Education, a variation of Threema intended for education institutions. </p><p>During the second week of 2021, Threema saw a quadrupling of daily downloads spurred on by <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp#Recent_(2016–present)" title="WhatsApp">controversial privacy changes</a> in the WhatsApp messaging service. A spokesperson for the company also confirmed that Threema had risen to the top of the charts for paid applications in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This trend continued into the third week of the year, with the head of Marketing & Sales confirming that downloads had increased to ten times the regular amount, leading to "hundreds of thousands of new users each day".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2022, researchers from ETH Zurich reported multiple vulnerabilities affecting Threema's security against network, server and client-based attacks. A new release fixing these issues was released in November 2022 and the vulnerabilities were announced publicly in January 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2024, CEO Martin Blatter and the remaining founders and original developers left the company.<sup id="cite_ref-shab_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shab-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_products">Related products</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Related products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Threema Work:</b> On May 25, 2016, Threema Work, a corporate version of Threema, was released. Threema Work offers extended administration and deployment capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Threema Work is based on a yearly subscription model.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Threema Gateway:</b> On March 20, 2015, Threema released a gateway for companies. Similar to an <a href="/wiki/SMS_gateway" title="SMS gateway">SMS gateway</a>, businesses can use it to send messages to their users who have Threema installed.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The code for the Threema Gateway <a href="/wiki/Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">SDK</a> is open for developers and available on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Threema Broadcast:</b> On August 9, 2018, Threema released Threema Broadcast, a tool for <a href="/wiki/Business_communication#Directional_business_communication" title="Business communication">top-down communication</a>. Similar to emails in electronic <a href="/wiki/Newsletter" title="Newsletter">newsletters</a>, Threema messages can be sent to any number of feed subscribers, and the Threema Broadcast allows to create <a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">chatbots</a>. </p><p><b>Threema Education:</b> On September 10, 2020, Threema released Threema Education, a version of its messenger designed for education institutions. The app integrates Threema Broadcast and requires a one-time payment for each device used. It's intended for use by teachers, students, and parents.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Threema OnPrem:</b> On July 27, 2021, Threema released Threema OnPrem, a version of the messenger which could be hosted on a company's own servers for maximum security purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privacy">Privacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Privacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Threema's servers are in Switzerland, they are subject to the Swiss federal law on data protection. The data center is <a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">ISO/IEC 27001</a>-certified.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linking a phone number and/or email address to a Threema ID is optional; when doing so, only <a href="/wiki/Checksum" title="Checksum">checksum</a> values (<a href="/wiki/SHA-256" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA-256">SHA-256</a> <a href="/wiki/HMAC" title="HMAC">HMAC</a> with a static key) of the email address and/or phone number are sent to the server.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the small number of possible digit combinations of a telephone number, the phone number associated with a checksum could be determined by <a href="/wiki/Brute-force_attack" title="Brute-force attack">brute force</a>. The transmitted data is <a href="/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security" title="Transport Layer Security">TLS</a>-secured. The address book data is kept only in the <a href="/wiki/Volatile_memory" title="Volatile memory">volatile memory</a> of the server and is deleted immediately after synchronizing contacts.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If a user chooses to link a phone number or email address with their Threema ID, they can remove the phone number or email address at any time.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Should a user ever lose their device (and their private key), they can revoke their Threema ID if a revocation password for that ID has been set.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Groups are solely managed on users’ devices and group messages are sent to each recipient as an individual message, encrypted with the respective public key. Thus, group compositions are not directly exposed to the server.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Data (including media files) stored on the users’ devices is encrypted with <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Encryption_Standard" title="Advanced Encryption Standard">AES 256</a>. On Android, it can be additionally protected by a <a href="/wiki/Passphrase" title="Passphrase">passphrase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2016, Threema GmbH publishes a <a href="/wiki/Transparency_report" title="Transparency report">transparency report</a> where public authority inquiries are disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 9, 2017, Threema was listed in the "Register of organizers of information dissemination in the Internet" operated by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Service_for_Supervision_of_Communications,_Information_Technology_and_Mass_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media">Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media</a> of the Russian Federation.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a response, a Threema spokesperson publicly stated: "We operate under Swiss law and are neither allowed nor willing to provide any information about our users to foreign authorities."<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On April 29, 2021, Threema won a significant case at the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Switzerland" title="Law enforcement in Switzerland">Swiss Federal Department of Police and Justice</a>, who wished to classify the company as a telecommunications provider. Had they lost the case, Threema would have had a legal requirement to identify users and send information about their users to law enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Starting January 2022, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Armed_Forces" title="Swiss Armed Forces">Swiss Armed Forces</a> suggested that the troops should use Threema instead of WhatsApp, Telegram and <a href="/wiki/Signal_(messaging_app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal (messaging app)">Signal</a>, citing Threema being Swiss-based without servers in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and thus not subject to the <a href="/wiki/CLOUD_Act" title="CLOUD Act">CLOUD Act</a>, also promising that soldiers would be reimbursed for the cost.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024 the FBI, using direct access to a mobile phone with the app installed, were able to obtain Threema messages and lay charges on 2 suspects. <sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2014, German consumer organisation <a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a> evaluated several <a href="/wiki/Information_privacy" title="Information privacy">data-protection</a> aspects of Threema, <a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlackBerry_Messenger" class="mw-redirect" title="BlackBerry Messenger">BlackBerry Messenger</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_(software)" title="Line (software)">Line</a>. It considered the security of the data transmission between clients, the services' <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_service" title="Terms of service">terms of use</a>, the transparency of the service providers, the availability of the source code, and the apps' overall availability. Threema was the only app rated as 'non-critical' (<i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">unkritisch</i></span></i>) in relation to data and privacy protection, but lost marks due to its closed-source nature, though this has changed for its frontend clients since the end of 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Cryptocat" title="Cryptocat">Cryptocat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surespot" title="Surespot">Surespot</a>, Threema was ranked first in a study evaluating the security and usability of instant messaging encryption software, conducted by the German PSW Group in June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of November 2015<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Threema had a score of 6 out of 7 points on the – now withdrawn and outdated – <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a>'s "Secure Messaging Scorecard". It received points for having communications encrypted in transit, having communications encrypted with keys the provider doesn't have access to (i.e. having <a href="/wiki/End-to-end_encryption" title="End-to-end encryption">end-to-end encryption</a>), making it possible for users to independently verify their correspondent's identities, having past communications secure if the keys are stolen (i.e. implementing <a href="/wiki/Forward_secrecy" title="Forward secrecy">forward secrecy</a>), having its security design well-documented and having completed an independent security audit. It lost a point because its source code was not open to independent review (i.e. it was not <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a>, though in late 2020 its frontend apps were open-sourced, leaving only its server component proprietary).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_clients" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of instant messaging clients">Comparison of instant messaging clients</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-20min-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20min_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchurter2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schurter, Daniel (December 13, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.20min.ch/digital/news/story/15907974">"Die Schweizer Antwort auf WhatsApp"</a> [The Swiss answer to WhatsApp]. <i>20min.ch</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=20min.ch&rft.atitle=Die+Schweizer+Antwort+auf+WhatsApp&rft.date=2012-12-13&rft.aulast=Schurter&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.20min.ch%2Fdigital%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F15907974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-64a153e20895b04c90defa4bfec5c4299d9fe0dc-v18-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-64a153e20895b04c90defa4bfec5c4299d9fe0dc-v18_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/threema-ch/threema-android/releases/tag/5.8.2">"Release 5.8.2"</a>. March 13, 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Will+my+address+book+data+be+sent+to+your+servers%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Faddressbook_data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="This claim needs a reference to an independent source. (December 2014)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-What_features_does_Threema_offer-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-What_features_does_Threema_offer_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-What_features_does_Threema_offer_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/faq/features">"What features does Threema offer?"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=What+features+does+Threema+offer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Ffeatures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/faq/file_message">"How can I send a file?"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=How+can+I+send+a+file%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Ffile_message&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBordel2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bordel, Stefan (January 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.com-magazin.de/news/smartphone/threema-integriert-umfrage-funktion-871882.html">"Threema integriert Umfrage-Funktion"</a> [Threema integrates survey function]. <i>com! – Das Computer-Magazin</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=com%21+%E2%80%93+Das+Computer-Magazin&rft.atitle=Threema+integriert+Umfrage-Funktion&rft.date=2015-01-12&rft.aulast=Bordel&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.com-magazin.de%2Fnews%2Fsmartphone%2Fthreema-integriert-umfrage-funktion-871882.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zefix-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zefix_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwiss_Confederation" class="citation web cs1">Swiss Confederation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140707101043/http://sz.powernet.ch/webservices/inet/HRG/HRG.asmx/getHRGHTML?chnr=1304020462&amt=130&toBeModified=0&validOnly=0&lang=4&sort=0">"Swiss company registry entry for Threema GmbH"</a>. <i>zefix.ch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sz.powernet.ch/webservices/inet/HRG/HRG.asmx/getHRGHTML?chnr=1304020462&amt=130&toBeModified=0&validOnly=0&lang=4&sort=0">the original</a> on July 7, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zefix.ch&rft.atitle=Swiss+company+registry+entry+for+Threema+GmbH&rft.au=Swiss+Confederation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsz.powernet.ch%2Fwebservices%2Finet%2FHRG%2FHRG.asmx%2FgetHRGHTML%3Fchnr%3D1304020462%26amt%3D130%26toBeModified%3D0%26validOnly%3D0%26lang%3D4%26sort%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJungfer2021" class="citation web cs1">Jungfer, Martin (May 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitec.ch/en/page/number-of-threema-users-climbed-to-over-10-million-20061">"Number of Threema users climbed to over 10 million"</a>. <i>digitec.ch</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitec.ch&rft.atitle=Number+of+Threema+users+climbed+to+over+10+million&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft.aulast=Jungfer&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitec.ch%2Fen%2Fpage%2Fnumber-of-threema-users-climbed-to-over-10-million-20061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/press-files/1_press_info/press_threema_story_en.pdf">"Threema's Success Story: From the Company's Founding to Today"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Schweizerisches+Handelsamtsblatt&rft.atitle=Mutation+Threema+GmbH%2C+Freienbach&rft.date=2024-09-12&rft.au=Bundesamt+f%C3%BCr+Justiz+%28BJ%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shab.ch%2Fshabforms%2Fservlet%2FSearch%3FEID%3D7%26DOCID%3D1006127945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://work.threema.ch/en">"The messenger for organizations"</a>. <i>work.threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=work.threema.ch&rft.atitle=The+messenger+for+organizations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwork.threema.ch%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://work.threema.ch/en/offer">"Pricing Threema Work"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pricing+Threema+Work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwork.threema.ch%2Fen%2Foffer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIseli2015" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Iseli, Marc (September 28, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.handelszeitung.ch/unternehmen/us-feldzug-von-threema-geraet-ins-stocken-869170">"US-Feldzug von Threema gerät ins Stocken"</a> [US campaign of Threema is stalled]. <i><a href="/wiki/Handelszeitung" title="Handelszeitung">Handelszeitung</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1422-8971">1422-8971</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Handelszeitung&rft.atitle=US-Feldzug+von+Threema+ger%C3%A4t+ins+Stocken&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.issn=1422-8971&rft.aulast=Iseli&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.handelszeitung.ch%2Funternehmen%2Fus-feldzug-von-threema-geraet-ins-stocken-869170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/threema-ch">"Threema GmbH"</a>. <i>GitHub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Threema&rft.atitle=Threema+OnPrem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Fonprem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://work.threema.ch/docs/threema_privacy-security_en.pdf">"Reference Sheet Privacy and Security"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>threema.ch</i>. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Reference+Sheet+Privacy+and+Security&rft.pages=2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwork.threema.ch%2Fdocs%2Fthreema_privacy-security_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/press-files/cryptography_whitepaper.pdf">"Threema Cryptography Whitepaper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>threema.ch</i>. p. 11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Threema+Cryptography+Whitepaper&rft.pages=11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fpress-files%2Fcryptography_whitepaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/faq/addressbook_data">"Will my address book data be sent to your servers?"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Will+my+address+book+data+be+sent+to+your+servers%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Faddressbook_data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/faq/unlink">"How can I unlink my Threema ID from an email address or phone number?"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=How+can+I+unlink+my+Threema+ID+from+an+email+address+or+phone+number%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Funlink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myid.threema.ch/revoke">"Revoke your ID"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Revoke+your+ID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmyid.threema.ch%2Frevoke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/press-files/cryptography_whitepaper.pdf">"Threema Cryptography Whitepaper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>threema.ch</i>. p. 5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Threema+Cryptography+Whitepaper&rft.pages=5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fpress-files%2Fcryptography_whitepaper.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/faq/crypto_local">"Are messages encrypted when they are stored on my device?"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Are+messages+encrypted+when+they+are+stored+on+my+device%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ffaq%2Fcrypto_local&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch/en/transparencyreport">"Transparency Report"</a>. <i>threema.ch</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=threema.ch&rft.atitle=Transparency+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthreema.ch%2Fen%2Ftransparencyreport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620101456/https://reestr.rublacklist.net/distributor/108945">"Threema GmbH"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rublacklist.net&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rublacklist.net (page does not exist)">rublacklist.net</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:РосКомСвобода">ru</a>]</span></i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reestr.rublacklist.net/distributor/108945">the original</a> on June 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rublacklist.net%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint%22+style%3D%22font-size%3A85%25%3B+font-style%3A+normal%3B+%22%3E+%26%2391%3Bru%26%2393%3B%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.atitle=Threema+GmbH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freestr.rublacklist.net%2Fdistributor%2F108945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewdn.com/2017/03/16/russia-adds-intrernational-messenger-threema-to-official-registry-with-a-view-to-control-users-communications/">"Russia adds international messenger Threema to official registry"</a>. <i>East-West Digital News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Swig&rft.atitle=Threema%2C+the+European+rival+to+Signal%2C+wins+pivotal+privacy+battle+in+Swiss+Court&rft.date=2021-05-28&rft.aulast=Bannister&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportswigger.net%2Fdaily-swig%2Fthreema-the-european-rival-to-signal-wins-pivotal-privacy-battle-in-swiss-court&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-europe-army-instant-messaging-d3c7c8fd54a78e8cc17fe930014d92d2">"Swiss army backs home-grown IM service amid privacy concerns"</a>. <i>AP NEWS</i>. January 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+NEWS&rft.atitle=Swiss+army+backs+home-grown+IM+service+amid+privacy+concerns&rft.date=2022-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftechnology-business-europe-army-instant-messaging-d3c7c8fd54a78e8cc17fe930014d92d2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/10872168/ryan-wedding-new-photo-fbi/">"FBI releases new photo of Ryan Wedding as Canadian Olympian still on the run | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <i>Global News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 16,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=FBI+releases+new+photo+of+Ryan+Wedding+as+Canadian+Olympian+still+on+the+run+%7C+Globalnews.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F10872168%2Fryan-wedding-new-photo-fbi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.test.de/WhatsApp-und-Alternativen-Datenschutz-im-Test-4675013-0/">"WhatsApp und Alternativen: Datenschutz im Test"</a> [WhatsApp and alternatives: data protection tested]. <i><a href="/wiki/Stiftung_Warentest" title="Stiftung Warentest">Stiftung Warentest</a></i> (in German). February 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stiftung+Warentest&rft.atitle=WhatsApp+und+Alternativen%3A+Datenschutz+im+Test&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.test.de%2FWhatsApp-und-Alternativen-Datenschutz-im-Test-4675013-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeutger2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heutger, Christian (June 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psw-group.de/blog/die-ergebnisse-unseres-grossen-messenger-tests/1297#more-1297">"Die Ergebnisse unseres großen Messenger-Tests"</a> [The results of our great messenger test]. <i>PSW Group</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PSW+Group&rft.atitle=Die+Ergebnisse+unseres+gro%C3%9Fen+Messenger-Tests&rft.date=2014-06-13&rft.aulast=Heutger&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psw-group.de%2Fblog%2Fdie-ergebnisse-unseres-grossen-messenger-tests%2F1297%23more-1297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160414190543/https://www.eff.org/secure-messaging-scorecard">"Secure Messaging Scorecard. Which apps and tools actually keep your messages safe?"</a>. <i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>. November 3, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eff.org/secure-messaging-scorecard">the original</a> on April 14, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Frontier+Foundation&rft.atitle=Secure+Messaging+Scorecard.+Which+apps+and+tools+actually+keep+your+messages+safe%3F&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eff.org%2Fsecure-messaging-scorecard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThreema" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Threema&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://threema.ch">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13512316#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whythreema.com/">Introduction to Threema</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://breakingthe3ma.app/">Alleged vulnerabilities</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Instant_messaging" title="Template talk:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Instant_messaging" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Instant messaging"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Instant_messaging199" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protocols<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_protocols" title="Comparison of instant messaging protocols">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Data_Protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed Data Protocol">DDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_Messaging_and_Presence_Protocol" title="Instant Messaging and Presence Protocol">IMPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRC" title="IRC">IRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrix_(protocol)" title="Matrix (protocol)">Matrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTProto" class="mw-redirect" title="MTProto">MTProto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_Protocol" title="Signal Protocol">Signal Protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Message_Session_Relay_Protocol" title="Message Session Relay Protocol">MSRP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIMPLE_(instant_messaging_protocol)" title="SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)">SIMPLE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_(protocol)" title="Jingle (protocol)">Jingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Wave_Federation_Protocol" title="Google Wave Federation Protocol">WFP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(protocol)" title="Zephyr (protocol)">Zephyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCAR_protocol" title="OSCAR protocol">OSCAR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TOC_protocol" title="TOC protocol">TOC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype_protocol" title="Skype protocol">Skype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Band_(software)" title="Band (software)">Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(software)" title="Beeper (software)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BiP_(software)" title="BiP (software)">BiP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DingTalk" title="DingTalk">DingTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discord" title="Discord">Discord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Chat" title="Google Chat">Google Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Meet" title="Google Meet">Google Meet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Messages" title="Google Messages">Google Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilded" title="Guilded">Guilded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGap" title="IGap">iGap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMessage" title="IMessage">iMessage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imo.im" title="Imo.im">Imo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instagram#Instagram_Direct" title="Instagram">Instagram Direct Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jio#Jio_apps" title="Jio">JioChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KakaoTalk" title="KakaoTalk">KakaoTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kik_Messenger" title="Kik Messenger">Kik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lark_(software)" title="Lark (software)">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libon_(service)" title="Libon (service)">Libon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(software)" title="Line (software)">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(app)" title="Marco Polo (app)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattermost" title="Mattermost">Mattermost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_Kids" title="Messenger Kids">Messenger Kids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palace_(computer_program)" title="The Palace (computer program)">The Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandes_(software)" title="Sandes (software)">Sandes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShareChat" title="ShareChat">ShareChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat" title="Snapchat">Snapchat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_(app)" title="Snow (app)">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tango_Live" title="Tango Live">Tango Live</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textfree" title="Textfree">Textfree</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Threema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viber" title="Viber">Viber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VK_(service)" title="VK (service)">VK Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_Video_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoom Video Communications">Zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulip" title="Zulip">Zulip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clients<br />(<a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_cross-platform_instant_messaging_clients" title="Comparison of cross-platform instant messaging clients">comparison</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Single protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidu" title="Baidu">Baidu Hi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBM_Enterprise" title="BBM Enterprise">BBM Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briar_(software)" title="Briar (software)">Briar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_(software)" title="Element (software)">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadu-Gadu" title="Gadu-Gadu">Gadu-Gadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HCL_Sametime" title="HCL Sametime">HCL Sametime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMVU" title="IMVU">IMVU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jami_(software)" title="Jami (software)">Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jongla" title="Jongla">Jongla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linphone" title="Linphone">Linphone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messenger_(software)" title="Messenger (software)">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tencent_QQ" title="Tencent QQ">QQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroshare" title="Retroshare">Retroshare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet_(software)" title="Ricochet (software)">Ricochet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_(software)" title="Session (software)">Session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signal_(software)" title="Signal (software)">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram_(software)" title="Telegram (software)">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tox_(protocol)" title="Tox (protocol)">Tox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WeChat" title="WeChat">WeChat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp" title="WhatsApp">WhatsApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wickr" title="Wickr">Wickr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wire_(software)" title="Wire (software)">Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World%27s_Online_Festival" title="The World's Online Festival">WOLF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multi-protocol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adium" title="Adium">Adium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayttm" title="Ayttm">Ayttm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeper_(application)" class="mw-redirect" title="Beeper (application)">Beeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitlBee" title="BitlBee">BitlBee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centericq" title="Centericq">Centericq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBuddy" title="EBuddy">eBuddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jitsi" title="Jitsi">Jitsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopete" title="Kopete">Kopete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_NG" title="Miranda NG">Miranda NG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbuzz" title="Nimbuzz">Nimbuzz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pidgin_(software)" title="Pidgin (software)">Pidgin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finch_(software)" title="Finch (software)">Finch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KDE_Telepathy" title="KDE Telepathy">Telepathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozilla_Thunderbird" title="Mozilla Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trillian_(software)" title="Trillian (software)">Trillian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/XMPP" title="XMPP">XMPP (Jabber)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ChatSecure" title="ChatSecure">ChatSecure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversations_(software)" title="Conversations (software)">Conversations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gajim" title="Gajim">Gajim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_(instant_messaging_client)" title="Psi (instant messaging client)">Psi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spark_(XMPP_client)" title="Spark (XMPP client)">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkabber" title="Tkabber">Tkabber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xabber" title="Xabber">Xabber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Notification_Protocol" title="Microsoft Notification Protocol">MSNP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Microsoft Teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_defunct_instant_messaging_platforms" title="List of defunct instant messaging platforms">List of defunct instant messaging platforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backchannel" title="Backchannel">Backchannel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chat_log" title="Chat log">Chat log</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatbot" title="Chatbot">Chatbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit (software)">Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_user_features_of_messaging_platforms" title="Comparison of user features of messaging platforms">Comparison of user features of messaging platforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_list" title="Contact list">Contact list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emoticon" title="Emoticon">Emoticon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FirstClass" title="FirstClass">FirstClass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flock_(messaging_service)" title="Flock (messaging service)">Flock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuze_(company)" title="Fuze (company)">Fuze Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall.com" class="mw-redirect" 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