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href="#Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Membership_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Membership_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_Membership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_Membership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Student Membership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_Membership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Associate_Fellowship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Associate_Fellowship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Associate Fellowship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Associate_Fellowship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fellowship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fellowship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Fellowship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fellowship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chartered_geographer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chartered_geographer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chartered geographer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chartered_geographer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Research groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medals_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medals_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Medals and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medals_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collections</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Collections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Collections subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Artefacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artefacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Artefacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artefacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books_and_journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books_and_journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Books and journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books_and_journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expedition_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expedition_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Expedition report</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expedition_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maps_and_atlases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maps_and_atlases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Maps and atlases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maps_and_atlases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manuscript_archive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manuscript_archive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Manuscript archive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manuscript_archive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Events recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Photographs_and_artworks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photographs_and_artworks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Photographs and artworks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photographs_and_artworks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Grants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Grants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Expeditions,_fieldwork_and_independent_travel_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expeditions,_fieldwork_and_independent_travel_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Expeditions, fieldwork and independent travel grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expeditions,_fieldwork_and_independent_travel_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Student_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Student_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Student grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Student_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Research grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_grants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_grants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Teaching grants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teaching_grants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_engagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_engagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Public engagement</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_engagement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Public engagement subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Public_engagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-21st_Century_Challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_Century_Challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>21st Century Challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_Century_Challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discovering_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discovering_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Discovering Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Discovering_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hidden_Journeys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hidden_Journeys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Hidden Journeys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hidden_Journeys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Schools</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Schools-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Schools subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Educational_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Educational_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Educational resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Educational_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_Ambassadors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_Ambassadors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Geography Ambassadors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography_Ambassadors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Publications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Publications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magazine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magazine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Magazine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magazine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Geographical Society</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمعية الجغرافية الملكية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمعية الجغرافية الملكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Каралеўскае геаграфічнае таварыства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каралеўскае геаграфічнае таварыства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Британско кралско географско дружество – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Британско кралско географско дружество" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Gymdeithas_Ddaearyddol_Frenhinol" title="Y Gymdeithas Ddaearyddol Frenhinol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Gymdeithas Ddaearyddol Frenhinol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C4%9Da_Geografia_Societo" title="Reĝa Geografia Societo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Reĝa Geografia Societo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="انجمن سلطنتی جغرافیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انجمن سلطنتی جغرافیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%95%EB%A6%BD%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99%ED%9A%8C" title="왕립지리학회 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="왕립지리학회" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevsko_geografsko_dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Kraljevsko geografsko društvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kraljevsko geografsko društvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%97%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="החברה הגאוגרפית המלכותית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="החברה הגאוגרפית המלכותית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="სამეფო გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სამეფო გეოგრაფიული საზოგადოება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regia_Societas_Geographica" title="Regia Societas Geographica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regia Societas Geographica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brit_Kir%C3%A1lyi_F%C3%B6ldrajzi_T%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Brit Királyi Földrajzi Társaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brit Királyi Földrajzi Társaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الجمعيه الجغرافيه الملكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمعيه الجغرافيه الملكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="王立地理学会 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="王立地理学会" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lewskie_Towarzystwo_Geograficzne" title="Królewskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Królewskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Sociedade_Geogr%C3%A1fica_(Reino_Unido)" title="Real Sociedade Geográfica (Reino Unido) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Real Sociedade Geográfica (Reino Unido)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societatea_Regal%C4%83_de_Geografie_din_Marea_Britanie" title="Societatea Regală de Geografie din Marea Britanie – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Societatea Regală de Geografie din Marea Britanie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Королевское географическое общество – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Королевское географическое общество" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%DB%95%DA%B5%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="کۆمەڵەی جوگرافیی پاشایەتی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمەڵەی جوگرافیی پاشایەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevsko_geografsko_dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Kraljevsko geografsko društvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljevsko geografsko društvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Royal Geographical Society" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraliyet_Co%C4%9Frafya_Toplulu%C4%9Fu" title="Kraliyet Coğrafya Topluluğu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kraliyet Coğrafya Topluluğu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Королівське географічне товариство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Королівське географічне товариство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="رائل جیوگرفیکل سوسائٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رائل جیوگرفیکل سوسائٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%99i_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD_Ho%C3%A0ng_gia_V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_Anh" title="Hội Địa lý Hoàng gia Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hội Địa lý Hoàng gia Vương quốc Liên hiệp Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="英國皇家地理學會 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英國皇家地理學會" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q691152#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> 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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=FRGS&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="FRGS">FRGS</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Canadian organisation, see <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Canadian Geographical Society">Royal Canadian Geographical Society</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British learned society</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Royal Geographical Society</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg/150px-Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg/225px-Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c4/Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg/300px-Vectorised_colour_logo_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="266" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Geographical_Society,_Exhibition_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg/220px-Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg/330px-Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg/440px-Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Exhibition_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3123" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Main entrance from the <a href="/wiki/Exhibition_Road" title="Exhibition Road">Exhibition Road</a> extension, with the original <a href="/wiki/Lowther_Lodge" title="Lowther Lodge">Lowther Lodge</a> to the right</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RGS-IBG</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1830<span class="noprint">; 195 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1830</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1 Kensington Gore, London</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data">16,500</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Professor Dame <a href="/wiki/Jane_Francis" title="Jane Francis">Jane Francis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Joe Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Patron</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anne,_Princess_Royal" title="Anne, Princess Royal">Anne, Princess Royal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org">www<wbr />.rgs<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers)</b>, often shortened to <b>RGS</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned society</a> and professional body for <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical sciences, the society has 16,000<sup id="cite_ref-RGS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> members, with its work reaching the public through publications, research groups and lectures. </p><p>The RGS was founded in 1830 under the name <i>Geographical Society of London</i> as an institution to promote the 'advancement of geographical science'. It later absorbed the older <a href="/wiki/African_Association" title="African Association">African Association</a>, which had been founded by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a> in 1788, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Club" title="Raleigh Club">Raleigh Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Association" title="Palestine Association">Palestine Association</a>. In 1995 it merged with the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_British_Geographers" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of British Geographers">Institute of British Geographers</a>, a body for academic geographers, to become officially the Royal Geographical Society <i>with IBG</i>. </p><p>The society is governed by its council, which is chaired by the society's president, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of council and the president are elected from and by its fellows, who are allowed to use the postnominal title FRGS. As a chartered body, the RGS holds the Register of Chartered Geographers in the public interest, a source of qualified, practising and experienced professional geographers. Fellows may apply for chartership if they fulfil the criteria. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Geographical_Society,_Kensington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg/220px-The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg/330px-The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg/440px-The_Royal_Geographical_Society%2C_Kensington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lowther_Lodge" title="Lowther Lodge">Lowther Lodge</a>, Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) headquarters, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Norman_Shaw" title="Richard Norman Shaw">Richard Norman Shaw</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The RGS was founded on 16 July 1830 under the name <i>Geographical Society of London</i> as an institution to promote the 'advancement of geographical science'.<sup id="cite_ref-RGS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Markham23_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markham23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seven founding members of the society were <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">Sir John Barrow</a> (geographer), <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Sir Roderick Murchison</a> (geologist), <a href="/wiki/Robert_Brown_(botanist,_born_1773)" title="Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)">Robert Brown</a> (botanist), <a href="/wiki/John_Hobhouse,_1st_Baron_Broughton" title="John Hobhouse, 1st Baron Broughton">Lord Broughton</a> (politician), <a href="/wiki/Mountstuart_Elphinstone" title="Mountstuart Elphinstone">Mountstuart Elphinstone</a> (colonial administrator), <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Frere" title="Bartholomew Frere">Bartholomew Frere</a> (diplomat) and <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Henry Smyth</a> (Admiral).<sup id="cite_ref-Markham23_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markham23-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first President of the Society was the former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">Viscount Goderich</a> and the first Secretary <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Maconochie_(penal_reformer)" title="Alexander Maconochie (penal reformer)">Alexander Maconochie</a> (who became the first professor of <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">Geography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a>), with another notable council member being <a href="/wiki/Sir_Francis_Beaufort" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Francis Beaufort">Sir Francis Beaufort</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Markham24_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Markham24-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like many <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned societies</a>, it had started as a dining club in London, where select members held informal dinner debates on current scientific issues and ideas.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It later absorbed the older <a href="/wiki/African_Association" title="African Association">African Association</a>, which had been founded by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Sir Joseph Banks</a> in 1788, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Club" title="Raleigh Club">Raleigh Club</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Association" title="Palestine Association">Palestine Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1830 to 1840 the RGS met in the rooms of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society" title="Royal Horticultural Society">Horticultural Society</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regent_Street" title="Regent Street">Regent Street</a>, London and from 1854 -1870 at 15 Whitehall Place, London. In 1870, the society finally found a home when it moved to <a href="/wiki/Savile_Row" title="Savile Row">1 Savile Row</a>, London. The society also used briefly a lecture theatre in <a href="/wiki/Burlington_Gardens" title="Burlington Gardens">Burlington Gardens</a>, London which was lent to it by the Civil Service Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the patronage of <a href="/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="William IV of the United Kingdom">King William IV</a> it later became known as the Royal Geographical Society (RGS) and was granted its <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> under <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in 1859.<sup id="cite_ref-RGS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable early member was <a href="/wiki/John_Franklin" title="John Franklin">Sir John Franklin</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:22em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>The Society has been a key associate and supporter of many famous <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">expeditions</a>, including those of: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hingston_Tuckey" title="James Hingston Tuckey">James Hingston Tuckey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ogilvie_(surveyor)" title="William Ogilvie (surveyor)">William Ogilvie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Francis_Burton" title="Richard Francis Burton">Richard Francis Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hanning_Speke" title="John Hanning Speke">John Hanning Speke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Hayward" title="George W. Hayward">George W. Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Fawcett" title="Percy Fawcett">Percy Fawcett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Henry Morton Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Shackleton" title="Ernest Shackleton">Ernest Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Edmund_Hillary" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Edmund Hillary">Sir Edmund Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a></li></ul> </blockquote> </div> <p>A new impetus was given to the society's affairs in 1911, with the election of <a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Earl Curzon</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of India">Viceroy of India</a>, as the society's President (1911–1914). The premises in Savile Row (once described by Curzon as "cramped and rather squalid")<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were sold and the present site, <a href="/wiki/Lowther_Lodge" title="Lowther Lodge">Lowther Lodge</a> in Kensington Gore, was purchased for £100,000<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and opened for use in April 1913. In the same year the society's ban on women fellows was lifted.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lowther_Lodge" title="Lowther Lodge">Lowther Lodge</a> was built in 1874 for the <a href="/wiki/William_Lowther_(diplomat)" title="William Lowther (diplomat)">William Lowther</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Norman_Shaw" title="Richard Norman Shaw">Norman Shaw</a>, one of the most outstanding domestic architects of his day. Extensions to the east wing were added in 1929, and included the New Map Room and the 750 seat Lecture Theatre. The extension was formally opened by <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">the Duke of York (later King George VI)</a> at the RGS centenary celebrations on 21 October 1930. </p><p>The history of the society was closely allied for many of its earlier years with 'colonial' exploration in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the polar regions, and central Asia especially.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been a key associate and supporter of many notable <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">explorers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Exploration" title="Exploration">expeditions</a>, including those of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Darwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">Livingstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Morton_Stanley" title="Henry Morton Stanley">Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ernest_Shackleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Ernest Shackleton">Shackleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">Hunt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Hillary" title="Edmund Hillary">Hillary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early history of the society is inter-linked with the history of British geography, exploration and discovery. Information, maps, charts and knowledge gathered on expeditions was sent to the RGS, making up its now unique geographical collections. The society published its first journal in 1831<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from 1855, accounts of meetings and other matters were published in the society proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, this was replaced by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal">The Geographical Journal</a></i> which is still published today.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The society was also pivotal in establishing geography as a teaching and research discipline in British universities, and funded the first geography positions in the Universities of <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RGS_Scott_centenary_poster_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/RGS_Scott_centenary_poster_2012.jpg/170px-RGS_Scott_centenary_poster_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7d/RGS_Scott_centenary_poster_2012.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>2012 Poster for exhibition in the glass Pavilion on centenary of Scott's final expedition to the South Pole</figcaption></figure> <p>With the advent of a more systematic study of geography, the <i>Institute of British Geographers</i> (IBG) was formed in 1933, by thirteen geographers including <a href="/wiki/Hilda_Ormsby" title="Hilda Ormsby">Hilda Ormsby</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-hilda_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilda-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Charles_O%27Dell" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Charles O'Dell">Andrew Charles O'Dell</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the RGS was seen as too focused on exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-hilda_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hilda-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBG activities included organising conferences, field trips, seminars, and specialist research groups and publishing a journal, <i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_Institute_of_British_Geographers" title="Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers">Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</a></i>. The RGS and IBG co-existed for 60 years until 1992 when a merger was discussed. In 1994, members were balloted and the merger agreed. In January 1995, the new Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-RGS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RGS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The society also works together with other existing bodies serving the geographical community, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Geographical_Association" title="Geographical Association">Geographical Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Scottish Geographical Society">Royal Scottish Geographical Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the RGS's historical collections relating to scientific exploration and research, which are of national and international importance, were opened to the public for the first time. In the same year, a new category of membership was introduced to widen access for people with a general interest in geography. The new Foyle Reading Room and glass Pavilion exhibition space were also opened to the public in 2004. For example, in 2012 the RGS held an exhibition, in the glass Pavilion, of photographs taken by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ponting" title="Herbert Ponting">Herbert Ponting</a> on Captain <a href="/wiki/Robert_Falcon_Scott" title="Robert Falcon Scott">Robert Falcon Scott</a>'s expedition to the South Pole in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council">Council</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Council"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society is governed by its <a href="/wiki/Board_of_trustees" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of trustees">board of trustees</a> called the council, which is chaired by its president. The members of council and the president are elected from its <a href="/wiki/Fellow" title="Fellow">fellowship</a>. The council consists of 36 members, 22 of which are elected by fellows and serve for a three-year term. In addition to the elected trustees, there are honorary members—who include the <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Kent" title="Duke of Kent">Duke of Kent</a> as honorary president—who sit on the council.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The society has five specialist committees that it derives advice from: the Education Committee, Research Committee, Expedition and Fieldwork Committee, Information Resources Committee, and the Finance Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>1830–1833 <a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson" class="mw-redirect" title="F. J. Robinson">Frederick, Viscount Goderich</a></li> <li>1833–1835 Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Murray_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Murray (British Army officer)">George Murray</a></li> <li>1835–1837 Sir <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">John Barrow</a></li> <li>1837–1839 <a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Hamilton" title="William Richard Hamilton">William Richard Hamilton</a></li> <li>1839–1841 <a href="/wiki/George_Bellas_Greenough" title="George Bellas Greenough">George Greenough</a></li> <li>1841–1843 <a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Hamilton" title="William Richard Hamilton">William Richard Hamilton</a></li> <li>1843–1845 Sir <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></li> <li>1845–1847 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_2nd_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester">Charles, Lord Colchester</a></li> <li>1847–1849 <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(geologist)" title="William Hamilton (geologist)">William J. Hamilton</a></li> <li>1849–1851 Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Smyth</a></li> <li>1851–1853 Sir <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></li> <li>1853–1855 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Egerton,_1st_Earl_of_Ellesmere" title="Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere">Francis, Earl of Ellesmere</a></li> <li>1855–1856 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Frederick William Beechey</a></li> <li>1856–1859 Sir <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></li> <li>1859–1860 <a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">George, Earl de Grey and Ripon</a></li> <li>1860–1862 <a href="/wiki/Bingham_Baring,_2nd_Baron_Ashburton" title="Bingham Baring, 2nd Baron Ashburton">Bingham, Lord Ashburton</a></li> <li>1862–1871 Sir <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></li> <li>1871–1873 Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Creswicke_Rawlinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Creswicke Rawlinson">Henry Rawlinson</a></li> <li>1873–1874 Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Frere</a></li> <li>1874–1876 Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Creswicke_Rawlinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Creswicke Rawlinson">Henry Rawlinson</a></li> <li>1876–1878 Sir <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock">Rutherford Alcock</a></li> <li>1878–1879 <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood,_1st_Marquess_of_Dufferin_and_Ava" title="Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava">Frederick, Earl of Dufferin</a></li> <li>1879–1880 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">Thomas, Earl of Northbrook</a></li> <li>1880–1885 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Henry, Lord Aberdare</a></li> <li>1885–1886 <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">John, Marquis of Lorne</a></li> <li>1886–1887 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Henry, Lord Aberdare</a></li> <li>1887–1889 Sir <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a></li> <li>1889–1893 Sir <a href="/wiki/M._E._Grant_Duff" title="M. E. Grant Duff">Mountstuart Grant Duff</a></li> <li>1893–1905 Sir <a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements Markham</a></li> <li>1905–1908 Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Goldie" class="mw-redirect" title="George Goldie">George Goldie</a></li> <li>1908–1911 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Darwin" title="Leonard Darwin">Leonard Darwin</a></li> <li>1911–1914 <a href="/wiki/Lord_Curzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Curzon">George, Earl Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li>1914–1917 <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Freshfield" title="Douglas Freshfield">Douglas Freshfield</a></li> <li>1917–1919 Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holdich" title="Thomas Holdich">Thomas Holdich</a></li> <li>1919–1922 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Francis Younghusband</a></li> <li>1922–1925 <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dundas,_2nd_Marquess_of_Zetland" title="Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland">Lawrence, Earl Ronaldshay</a></li> <li>1925–1927 <a href="/wiki/David_George_Hogarth" title="David George Hogarth">David George Hogarth</a></li> <li>1927–1930 <a href="/wiki/Charles_Close" title="Charles Close">Charles Close</a></li> <li>1930–1933 Admiral Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Goodenough" title="William Goodenough">William Goodenough</a></li> <li>1933–1936 Sir <a href="/wiki/Percy_Cox" title="Percy Cox">Percy Cox</a></li> <li>1936–1938 <a href="/wiki/Henry_Balfour" title="Henry Balfour">Henry Balfour</a></li> <li>1938–1941 Sir <a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode,_1st_Baron_Chetwode" title="Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode">Philip Chetwode</a></li> <li>1941–1945 Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Clerk_(diplomat)" title="George Clerk (diplomat)">George Clerk</a></li> <li>1945–1948 <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rodd,_2nd_Baron_Rennell" title="Francis Rodd, 2nd Baron Rennell">Francis, Lord Rennell</a></li> <li>1948–1951 Sir <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lindsay" title="Harry Lindsay">Harry Lindsay</a></li> <li>1951–1954 Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Wordie" title="James Wordie">James Wordie</a></li> <li>1954–1958 Sir <a href="/wiki/James_Marshall-Cornwall" title="James Marshall-Cornwall">James Marshall-Cornwall</a></li> <li>1958–1961 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Nathan,_2nd_Baron_Nathan" title="Roger Nathan, 2nd Baron Nathan">Roger, Lord Nathan</a></li> <li>1961–1963 <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Priestley" title="Raymond Priestley">Raymond Priestley</a></li> <li>1963–1966 Sir <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Stamp" title="Dudley Stamp">Dudley Stamp</a></li> <li>1966–1969 Sir <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Laithwaite" title="Gilbert Laithwaite">Gilbert Laithwaite</a></li> <li>1969–1971 Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_George_Irving" title="Edmund George Irving">Edmund Irving</a></li> <li>1971–1974 <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Shackleton" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Shackleton">Edward, Lord Shackleton</a></li> <li>1974–1977 Sir <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Cumming" title="Duncan Cumming">Duncan Cumming</a></li> <li>1977–1980 <a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">John, Lord Hunt</a></li> <li>1980–1982 <a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Wise" title="Michael John Wise">Michael Wise</a></li> <li>1982–1984 Sir <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">Vivian Fuchs</a></li> <li>1984–1987 Sir <a href="/wiki/George_Bishop_(civil_servant)" title="George Bishop (civil servant)">George Bishop</a></li> <li>1987–1989 <a href="/wiki/Roger_Chorley,_2nd_Baron_Chorley" title="Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley">Roger, Lord Chorley</a></li> <li>1989–1993 Sir <a href="/wiki/Crispin_Tickell" title="Crispin Tickell">Crispin Tickell</a></li> <li>1993–1997 <a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe" title="George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe">George, Earl Jellicoe</a></li> <li>1997–2000 <a href="/wiki/John_Palmer,_4th_Earl_of_Selborne" title="John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne">John, Earl Selborne</a></li> <li>2000–2003 Sir <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Urwick_Cooke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Urwick Cooke">Ronald Cooke</a></li> <li>2003–2006 Sir <a href="/wiki/Neil_Cossons" title="Neil Cossons">Neil Cossons</a></li> <li>2006–2009 Sir <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a></li> <li>2009–2012 Sir <a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></li> <li>2012–2015 Dame <a href="/wiki/Judith_Rees" title="Judith Rees">Judith Rees</a></li> <li>2015–2018 <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Crane" title="Nicholas Crane">Nicholas Crane</a></li> <li>2018–2021 <a href="/wiki/Lynda_Chalker" title="Lynda Chalker">Lynda, Baroness Chalker</a></li> <li>2021–2024 <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Clifford" title="Nigel Clifford">Nigel Clifford</a></li> <li>2024–present Professor Dame <a href="/wiki/Jane_Francis" title="Jane Francis">Jane Francis</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are four categories of individual membership: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership_2">Membership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Anyone with an interest in geography is eligible to apply to become a member of the RGS-IBG.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_Membership">Student Membership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Student Membership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Students who are studying geography (or an allied subject) at GCSE, A Level or as an undergraduate (or at equivalent levels).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Associate_Fellowship">Associate Fellowship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Associate Fellowship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This status is available by application from postgraduate students <i>or</i> those within five years of graduating from their first degree.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fellowship">Fellowship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Fellowship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fellows of the RGS come from a wide range of professional backgrounds. They must either be proposed by an existing fellow or an individual may submit evidence of his or her own work and academic publications in the field of geography and closely related subjects such as <a href="/wiki/International_development" title="International development">international development</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> and <a href="/wiki/Expedition_medicine" title="Expedition medicine">expedition medicine</a>. Applicants must be of at least 21 years of age and provide evidence of a body of relevant work; alternatively, a previous five-year commitment at the regular member level (less, at the council's discretion) is also considered for eligibility. Fellows may use the <a href="/wiki/Post-nominal" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-nominal">post-nominal</a> designation <i>FRGS</i> after their names.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chartered_geographer">Chartered geographer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chartered geographer"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg/100px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg/150px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg/200px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Chartered_Geographer_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>Chartered geographer accreditation seal</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 2002 the society has been granted the power to award the status of chartered geographer. The status can be obtained only by those who have a degree in geography or related subject and at least 6 years' geographical experience, or 15 years' geographical work experience for those without a degree. Being awarded the status allows the use of the post-nominal letters "CGeog". </p><p>Chartered geographer (teacher) is a professional accreditation available to teachers who can demonstrate competence, experience and professionalism in the use of geographical knowledge or skills in and out of the classroom, and who are committed to maintaining their professional standards through ongoing continuing professional development (CPD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research_groups">Research groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Research groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society's research and study groups bring together active researchers and professional geographers in particular areas of geography. There are 27 active research groups, with each group organising their own seminars, conferences, workshops and other activities.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="background:#adf;"> <th>Research groups</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography">Biogeography</a> Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Society_for_Geomorphology" title="British Society for Geomorphology">British Society for Geomorphology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carceral Geography Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Climate Change</a> Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Contract Research and Teaching Forum</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Geographies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Geographies (page does not exist)">Digital Geographies</a> Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Developing Areas Research Group </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Economic_geography" title="Economic geography">Economic geography</a> Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GIS" class="mw-redirect" title="GIS">Geographical Information Science</a> Research Group</td> <td>Geography of <a href="/wiki/Health_geography" title="Health geography">Health</a> and Wellbeing Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geography of Leisure and <a href="/wiki/Tourism_geography" title="Tourism geography">Tourism</a> Research Group</td> <td>Higher Education Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Geographies of Justice Research Group</td> <td>Coastal and Marine Research Group </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Historical_Geography" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Geography">Historical Geography</a> Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/History_of_geography" title="History of geography">History and Philosophy of Geography</a> Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mountain Research Group</td> <td>Participatory Geographies Working Group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Planning" title="Planning">Planning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environment</a> Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">Political geography</a> Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Population_geography" title="Population geography">Population geography</a> Research Group</td> <td>Postgraduate Forum </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Post-Socialist Geographies Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quantitative_research" title="Quantitative research">Quantitative</a> Methods Research Group </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rural Geography Research Group</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Social_geography" title="Social geography">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">Cultural</a> Geography Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td>Space, Sexualities and Queer Research Group</td> <td>Transport Geography Research Group </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urban_geography" title="Urban geography">Urban geography</a> Research Group</td> <td>Women and Geography Research Group </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medals_and_awards">Medals and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Medals and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society also presents awards to <a href="/wiki/Geographers" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographers">geographers</a> that have contributed to the advancement of geography.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most prestigious of these awards are the <a href="/wiki/Founder%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Founder's Medal">Founder's Medal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Patron%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron's Medal">Patron's Medal</a>. The award is given for "the encouragement and promotion of geographical science and discovery", and are approved by <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">King Charles III</a>. The awards originated as an annual gift of fifty <a href="/wiki/Guineas" class="mw-redirect" title="Guineas">guineas</a> from <a href="/wiki/King_William_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="King William IV">King William IV</a>, first made in 1831, "to constitute a premium for the encouragement and promotion of geographical science and discovery". The society decided in 1839 to change this monetary award into two gold medals: Founder's Medal and the Patron's. The award has been given to notable geographers including <a href="/wiki/David_Livingstone" title="David Livingstone">David Livingstone</a> (1855), <a href="/wiki/Nain_Singh_Rawat" class="mw-redirect" title="Nain Singh Rawat">Nain Singh Rawat</a> (1876),<sup id="cite_ref-nagendra_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nagendra-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Baron <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_von_Richthofen" title="Ferdinand von Richthofen">Ferdinand von Richthofen</a> (1878), <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallace</a> (1892), and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Courtney_Selous" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Courtney Selous">Frederick Courtney Selous</a> (1893) to more recent winners including <a href="/wiki/Percy_Harrison_Fawcett" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy Harrison Fawcett">Percy Harrison Fawcett</a> (1916), Professor <a href="/wiki/William_Morris_Davis" title="William Morris Davis">William Morris Davis</a> (1919), <a href="/wiki/Sir_Halford_John_Mackinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Halford John Mackinder">Sir Halford John Mackinder</a> (1945), Professor <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Dudley_Stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Dudley Stamp">L. Dudley Stamp</a> (1949), Professor <a href="/wiki/Richard_Chorley" title="Richard Chorley">Richard Chorley</a> (1987) and Professor <a href="/wiki/David_Harvey_(geographer)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Harvey (geographer)">David Harvey</a> (1995). In 2004 <a href="/wiki/Harish_Kapadia" title="Harish Kapadia">Harish Kapadia</a> was awarded the Patron's Medal for contributions to geographical discovery and mountaineering in the Himalayas, making him the second Indian to receive the award in its history. In 2005 the Founder's Medal was awarded to Professor Sir <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Shackleton" title="Nicholas Shackleton">Nicholas Shackleton</a> for his research in the field of <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> <a href="/wiki/Palaeoclimatology" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeoclimatology">Palaeoclimatology</a> and the Patron's Medal was awarded to Professor Jean Malaurie for a lifelong study of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a> and its people. In 1902 they awarded <a href="/wiki/Khan_Bahadur_Sher_Jang" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Bahadur Sher Jang">khan Bahadur Sher Jang</a> a Sword of Honour (the Black Memorial) in recognition of his valuable services to geography. </p><p>In total the society awards 17 medals and awards including honorary membership and fellowship. Some of the other awards given by the RGS include:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Medal_(geography)" title="Victoria Medal (geography)">Victoria Medal</a> (1902) for "<i>conspicuous merit in research in Geography</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Murchison_Award" title="Murchison Award">Murchison Award</a> (1882) for the "<i>publication judged to contribute most to geographical science in preceding recent years</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Back_Award" title="Back Award">Back Award</a> (1882) for "<i>applied or scientific geographical studies which make an outstanding contribution to the development of national or international public policy</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Busk_Medal" title="Busk Medal">Busk Medal</a> (1975) for "<i>conservation research or for fieldwork abroad in Geography or in a geographical aspect of an allied science</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Peek_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert Peek Award">Cuthbert Peek Award</a> (1883) for "<i>those advancing geographical knowledge of <a href="/wiki/Human_impact_on_the_environment" title="Human impact on the environment">human impact on the environment</a> through the application of contemporary methods, including those of earth observation and mapping</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Edward Heath</a> Award (1984) for "<i>geographical research in either Europe or the developing world</i>"</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Kearton_Medal_and_Award" title="Cherry Kearton Medal and Award">Cherry Kearton Medal and Award</a> for "a traveller concerned with the study or practice of natural history, with a preference for those with an interest in <a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">nature photography</a>, art or cinematography".<sup id="cite_ref-MA_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MA-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ness_Award" title="Ness Award">Ness Award</a> for "travellers, particularly those who have successfully popularised Geography and the wider understanding of our world and its environments"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collections">Collections</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Collections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/150px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/225px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/300px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>A representation of the historical emblem of the Royal Geographical Society</figcaption></figure> <p>The society's collections consist of over two million documents, maps, photographs, paintings, periodicals, artefacts and books, and span 500 years of geography, travel and exploration.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The society preserves the collections for the benefit of future generations, while providing public access and promoting collections-related educational programmes for schools and lifelong learners. The Foyle Reading Room acts as a consultation space for using the society's collections,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hosts showcases and workshops as well as the <i>Be Inspired</i> series of talks.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Artefacts">Artefacts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Artefacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The artefacts collection includes over a thousand items brought to the Society, consisting mainly of cultural objects from around the world, ranging from Inuit boots (from Canadian Arctic) to ceremonial leopard's claws (from the then Belgian Congo), paraphernalia of exploration, for example oxygen sets used in the various attempts on Everest, and personal items belonging to explorers, such as Shackleton's Burberry helmet. Artefacts from the collection have been loaned to exhibitions around the world and are in continual demand.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books_and_journals">Books and journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Books and journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The library collection holds more than 150,000 bound volumes that focus on the history and geography of places worldwide. Example volumes include information on European migration, a 19th-century guidebook to Berlin, and David Livingstone's account of his search for the source of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It currently receives around 800 journal titles, as well as many more journal titles that are either not currently subscribed to, or have ceased publication, allowing society members access to the latest geographical academic literature in addition to the journals published by the RGS-IBG itself.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expedition_report">Expedition report</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Expedition report"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RGS-IBG houses a collection of 4,500 expedition reports. These documents contain details of the achievements and research results of expeditions to almost every country of the world. The catalogue of these reports, and over 8,500 planned and past expeditions, is held on a database which provides contact with a wide variety of sporting, scientific and youth expeditions from 1965 to the present day.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maps_and_atlases">Maps and atlases</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Maps and atlases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society holds one of the largest private map collections in the world which is continuously increasing. It includes one million sheets of maps and charts, 3000 atlases, 40 globes and 1000 gazetteers. The earliest printed item in the Collection dates back to 1482. The RGS-IBG also holds manuscript materials from the mid sixteenth century onwards, aerial photography from 1919 and contemporary satellite images.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manuscript_archive">Manuscript archive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Manuscript archive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The manuscript archive collection consists of material arising out of the conduct of society business and manuscripts relating to persons or subjects of special interest. The document collection includes a few papers from before the society's founding in 1830, and is particularly useful to biographers of nineteenth and early twentieth century travellers and geographers, as well as research into the development of geographical knowledge and the historical development of geography.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_recordings">Events recordings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Events recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1994, the society has recorded the majority of its Monday night lectures. Society members and fellows can watch selected lectures from 2006 onward online.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photographs_and_artworks">Photographs and artworks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Photographs and artworks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society's picture library holds over half a million photographs, artworks, negatives, lantern slides and albums dating from around 1830. Historic images range from the Antarctic adventures of Scott and Shackleton to the pioneering journeys of Livingstone, Baker, Speke and Burton.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grants">Grants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RGS-IBG provides funding for geographical research and scientific expeditions. The society offers a number of <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a> to researchers, students, teachers and independent travellers. More than 70 projects are supported each year and in excess of £180,000 is awarded annually. Research has been conducted in more than 120 countries, from Namibia to Brazil to Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expeditions,_fieldwork_and_independent_travel_grants"><span id="Expeditions.2C_fieldwork_and_independent_travel_grants"></span>Expeditions, fieldwork and independent travel grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Expeditions, fieldwork and independent travel grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every year the RGS-IBG helps teams of students and researchers to get into the field with Geographical Fieldwork Grants, the society's longest running grant scheme. The newest initiative is the RGS-IBG International Field Centre Grants, for work in international field centres in developing nations. Independent travel grants support geographical expeditions.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Student_grants">Student grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Student grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each year, the society supports more than 50 student fieldwork projects, from PhD students collecting data for their dissertation to groups of undergraduates looking to get out into the field for the first time. Grants are available for both human and physical geography projects, in any area of the world.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_grants">Research grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Research grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society supports a range of field and desk-based research by academic geographers, from established researchers undertaking fieldwork to early career academics working on smaller projects. The RGS-IBG also supports academics attending geographical conferences around the world. Some awards focus on particular geographical regions or topics, with others open to any aspect of the discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teaching_grants">Teaching grants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Teaching grants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society supports innovation in teaching geography at secondary and higher education level, offering several awards for school teachers to work alongside researchers in geographical research, so to develop educational resources for the classroom, and to create teaching materials.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_engagement">Public engagement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Public engagement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_Century_Challenges">21st Century Challenges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: 21st Century Challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>21st Century Challenges is the society's discussion series that aims to improve public understanding of, and engagement with, some of the big issues likely to affect our lives and society in the coming years. The talks are held at the society's headquarters with all talks available to watch online along with additional information. <sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Discovering_Britain">Discovering Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Discovering Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Discovering Britain<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a website featuring a series of self-led geographical walks that help explain the stories behind the UK's built and natural landscapes. Each walk explores a particular landscape, finding out about the way in which the forces of nature, people, events and the economy have created and shaped the area.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are now more than 120 walks on the Discovering Britain website, covering all regions of the United Kingdom. Walks are themed according to the landscape in which they are located, including built, prehistoric, historic, working, hidden and changing landscapes. Walks also look at people in the landscape, and shaping, preserving and exploiting the landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hidden_Journeys">Hidden Journeys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Hidden Journeys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hidden Journeys is a public engagement project of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) that started in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hidden Journeys website combines images, stories and maps (many from the Society's geographical collections) into a series of interactive guides of popular flight paths, enabling people to explore the incredible places they fly over and might see from the air. Since launching, online guides have been published for more than 25 flight paths, including London to <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, New York City to Los Angeles, Sydney to Singapore, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Hidden Journeys project is also integrating its content with the <a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment#Moving-map_systems" title="In-flight entertainment">moving maps</a> aboard <a href="/wiki/Airliners" class="mw-redirect" title="Airliners">airliners</a>, as a new form of <a href="/wiki/In-flight_entertainment" title="In-flight entertainment">in-flight entertainment</a> (IFE) that has been termed geo-entertainment or geotainment.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2013, <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Airlines" title="Singapore Airlines">Singapore Airlines</a> began a trial of an enhanced moving map that featured Hidden Journeys content.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Developed in partnership between Hidden Journeys and the IFE software company Airborne Interactive, the enhanced map is available for the Singapore-London route on the airline's brand new <a href="/wiki/Boeing_777-300ER" class="mw-redirect" title="Boeing 777-300ER">Boeing 777-300ER</a> (flight number SQ308 and SQ319), and features a range of geographical facts and highlights, photography and maps, all curated by the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG). Information is delivered in real time, with content changing as the flight progresses, so for example, while a passenger is passing over the United Kingdom, they'll be met with a pop-up that explains the origins and importance of the English Channel.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools">Schools</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The RGS-IBG education department offers courses, resources, accreditation, grants, awards, competitions and school membership, all for the benefit of teachers, students and parents. It also runs the Geography Ambassador scheme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Educational_resources">Educational resources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Educational resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society produces cases studies, lesson plans and activity ideas for an all levels of learning, from KS1 up to post-GCSE.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Geography in the News website is available for student members and young geographers. It has more than 300 topical case studies.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the society's other resources are free to use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geography_Ambassadors">Geography Ambassadors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Geography Ambassadors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Geography Ambassadors scheme<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recruits, trains and supports volunteer undergraduate, postgraduate and graduate geographers from universities and business. Geography Ambassadors deliver lively, activity-based sessions at schools and they engage with more than 30,000 pupils each year. The scheme is aimed at introducing students to the benefits of studying geography beyond a compulsory level in schools, but also into higher education and employment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competitions">Competitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The society also has competitions for students studying geography. The Young Geographer of the Year<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has four categories for students in KS2 through to A-Level. All students have to produce posters on a given topic, except the A-Level students who are expected to write an essay. For A-Level students there is also the David W. Smith Memorial Award,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an annual essay competition, and the Ron Cooke Award<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the best A-Level coursework. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)'s scholarly publications provide an outlet and support for the dissemination of research across the breadth of the discipline. The Society states that its research publications are accessed over a million times per year.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Area_(journal)" title="Area (journal)">Area</a></i>: has an annual prize for new researchers.</li> <li><i>GEO (journal)|GEO: Geography and Environment</i>: an open access journal launched in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal">The Geographical Journal</a></i> (<i>GJ</i>): focusing on public debates and policy-oriented agendas.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_Institute_of_British_Geographers" title="Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers">Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</a></i>: one of the international journals of geographical research.</li> <li><i>WIREs: Climate Change</i>: developed in association with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Meteorological_Society" title="Royal Meteorological Society">Royal Meteorological Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a>, this review journal provides an important new encyclopaedic reference for climate change scholarship and research.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magazine">Magazine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Magazine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Geographical_(magazine)" title="Geographical (magazine)">Geographical</a></i> is the official monthly magazine of the RGS, and has been published continuously since 1935. The magazine contains illustrated articles on people, places, adventure, travel, and environmental issues, as well as summarising the latest academic research and discoveries in geography. <i>Geographical</i> also reports news of the society's latest work and activities to members and the public.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concepts_and_Techniques_in_Modern_Geography" title="Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography">Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Theta_Upsilon" title="Gamma Theta Upsilon">Gamma Theta Upsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakluyt_Society" title="Hakluyt Society">Hakluyt Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science" title="History of science">History of science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_professional_bodies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British professional bodies">List of British professional bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Royal_Societies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Royal Societies">List of Royal Societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Institution" title="Royal Institution">Royal Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Scottish Geographical Society">Royal Scottish Geographical Society</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RGS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RGS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RGS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RGS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RGS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/about-us/our-history">"Our History"</a>. Royal Geographical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.pub=Royal+Geographical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2Fabout-us%2Four-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markham23-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Markham23_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Markham23_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1881" class="citation book cs1">Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1881). <i>The Fifty Years' Work of the Royal Geographical Society</i>. J. Murray. p. 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifty+Years%27+Work+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Sir+Clements+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Markham24-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Markham24_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkham1881" class="citation book cs1">Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1881). <i>The Fifty Years' Work of the Royal Geographical Society</i>. J. Murray. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fifty+Years%27+Work+of+the+Royal+Geographical+Society&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=J.+Murray&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Markham&rft.aufirst=Sir+Clements+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWerrett2019" class="citation journal cs1">Werrett, Simon (20 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863075">"Introduction: Rethinking Joseph Banks"</a>. <i>Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science</i>. <b>73</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">425–</span>429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.2018.0064">10.1098/rsnr.2018.0064</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863075">6863075</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31754285">31754285</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records%3A+The+Royal+Society+Journal+of+the+History+of+Science&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+Rethinking+Joseph+Banks&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E425-%3C%2Fspan%3E429&rft.date=2019-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6863075%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31754285&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.2018.0064&rft.aulast=Werrett&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6863075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1980" class="citation journal cs1">Walker, Lynne (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/632859">"The Royal Geographical Society's House: An Architectural History"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>146</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">178–</span>189. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980GeogJ.146..178W">1980GeogJ.146..178W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F632859">10.2307/632859</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7398">0016-7398</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/632859">632859</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Royal+Geographical+Society%27s+House%3A+An+Architectural+History&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E178-%3C%2Fspan%3E189&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F632859&rft.issn=0016-7398&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F632859%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1980GeogJ.146..178W&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F632859&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118181210/http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/RoyalGeographicalSociety/RoyalGeographicalSociety.aspx">"Albertopolis: Royal Geographical Society"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects" title="Royal Institute of British Architects">Royal Institute of British Architects</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.architecture.com/LibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs/Albertopolis/TheStoryOf/RoyalGeographicalSociety/RoyalGeographicalSociety.aspx">the original</a> on 18 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albertopolis%3A+Royal+Geographical+Society&rft.pub=Royal+Institute+of+British+Architects&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.com%2FLibraryDrawingsAndPhotographs%2FAlbertopolis%2FTheStoryOf%2FRoyalGeographicalSociety%2FRoyalGeographicalSociety.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBellMcEwan1996" class="citation journal cs1">Bell, Morag; McEwan, Cheryl (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3059652">"The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome"</a>. <i>The Geographical Journal</i>. <b>162</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">295–</span>312. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996GeogJ.162..295B">1996GeogJ.162..295B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3059652">10.2307/3059652</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7398">0016-7398</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3059652">3059652</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Geographical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Admission+of+Women+Fellows+to+the+Royal+Geographical+Society%2C+1892-1914%3B+the+Controversy+and+the+Outcome&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E295-%3C%2Fspan%3E312&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3059652&rft.issn=0016-7398&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3059652%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1996GeogJ.162..295B&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Morag&rft.au=McEwan%2C+Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3059652&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Sir Roderick Impey Murchison</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/cultural/view/2135896591"><i>Cultural Legacy Details</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_the_Legacies_of_British_Slavery" title="Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery">Centre for the Study of the Legacies of British Slavery</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lunn, Emily. (22 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://habitatsandheritage.org.uk/blog/explore-collections-at-the-royal-geographical-society/"><i>Explore: Collections at the Royal Geographical Society</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Habitats_%26_Heritage" title="Habitats & Heritage">Habitats & Heritage</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Royal-Geographical-Society"><i>Royal Geographical Society</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=jrgslond"><i>The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Books_Page" title="Online Books Page">Online Books Page</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=procrgslond"><i>Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Books_Page" title="Online Books Page">Online Books Page</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rgs-ibg.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14754959"><i>The Geographical Journal</i></a>. 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Department of Geography. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hilda-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hilda_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hilda_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-62412">"Ormsby [née Rodwell Jones], Hilda (1877–1973), geographer"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Britain&rft.pub=RGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveringbritain.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/5D6F6FD9-449E-46C8-9077-E1B2E55CD33C/0/DiscoveringBritainLancaster.pdf">"Lancaster:A city of philanthropists"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. RGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lancaster%3AA+city+of+philanthropists&rft.pub=RGS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F5D6F6FD9-449E-46C8-9077-E1B2E55CD33C%2F0%2FDiscoveringBritainLancaster.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoveringbritain.org/walks/landscapes/view-all/">"Discovering Britain"</a>. RGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RGS-IBG+Press+Release+%E2%80%93+23.11.10&rft.atitle=Explore+the+world+beneath+your+feet+%E2%80%93+air+travel+website+to+reveal+landscapes+and+cultures+10%2C000m+below&rft.date=2010-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FDCFB60F3-3DD0-46F4-991B-0DB58877B49B%2F0%2F101123HiddenJourneyspubliclaunch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/F7217764-8966-48B5-9891-CDEF81C99184/0/110207HiddenJourneysFarnboroughtoCannes2.pdf">"Hidden Journeys crosses the Channel on its new flight path from Farnborough to Cannes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>RGS-IBG Press Release 07.02.11</i>. 7 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RGS-IBG+Press+Release+07.02.11&rft.atitle=Hidden+Journeys+crosses+the+Channel+on+its+new+flight+path+from+Farnborough+to+Cannes.&rft.date=2011-02-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2FF7217764-8966-48B5-9891-CDEF81C99184%2F0%2F110207HiddenJourneysFarnboroughtoCannes2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140719202103/http://blog.apex.aero/ife/geoentertainment-magic-flying/">"Geo-Entertainment looks to open passengers' eyes to the magic of flying"</a>. <i>Airline Passenger Experience Association – Editor's Blog</i>. 12 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.apex.aero/ife/geoentertainment-magic-flying/">the original</a> on 19 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airline+Passenger+Experience+Association+%E2%80%93+Editor%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=Geo-Entertainment+looks+to+open+passengers%27+eyes+to+the+magic+of+flying&rft.date=2012-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.apex.aero%2Fife%2Fgeoentertainment-magic-flying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/977E3295-2C18-48D4-AE5C-89B434D0FCF0/0/2013HJPressrelease.pdf">"Next generation of in-flight mapping brings the journey alive"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>RGS-IBG Media Release</i>. 17 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RGS-IBG+Media+Release&rft.atitle=Next+generation+of+in-flight+mapping+brings+the+journey+alive&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F977E3295-2C18-48D4-AE5C-89B434D0FCF0%2F0%2F2013HJPressrelease.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/02/09/travel/flight-maps-the-newest-airline-moneymaker/">"Are we there yet? New in-flight maps point to more fun on planes"</a>. <i>CNN Business Traveller</i>. 10 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+Business+Traveller&rft.atitle=Are+we+there+yet%3F+New+in-flight+maps+point+to+more+fun+on+planes&rft.date=2014-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2014%2F02%2F09%2Ftravel%2Fflight-maps-the-newest-airline-moneymaker%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Teaching+resources/Teaching+resources.htm">"Teaching resources"</a>. Rgs.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+resources&rft.pub=Rgs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FOurWork%2FSchools%2FTeaching%2Bresources%2FTeaching%2Bresources.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geographyinthenews.rgs.org/">"Geography in the News – topical geography resources for teachers and students"</a>. Geographyinthenews.rgs.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+in+the+News+%E2%80%93+topical+geography+resources+for+teachers+and+students&rft.pub=Geographyinthenews.rgs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographyinthenews.rgs.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Schools/Careers+and+Further+Study/Promoting+and+supporting+geography+in+your+school+or+college/Geography+Ambassador+scheme.htm">"Geography Ambassador scheme"</a>. Rgs.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geography+Ambassador+scheme&rft.pub=Rgs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FOurWork%2FSchools%2FCareers%2Band%2BFurther%2BStudy%2FPromoting%2Band%2Bsupporting%2Bgeography%2Bin%2Byour%2Bschool%2Bor%2Bcollege%2FGeography%2BAmbassador%2Bscheme.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/schools/competitions/young-geographer-of-the-year/">"Royal Geographical Society – Teaching and learning in geography"</a>. <i>www.rgs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rgs.org&rft.atitle=Royal+Geographical+Society+%E2%80%93+Teaching+and+learning+in+geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2Fschools%2Fcompetitions%2Fyoung-geographer-of-the-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/schools/competitions/david-w-smith-memorial-prize/">"Royal Geographical Society – Teaching and learning in geography"</a>. <i>www.rgs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rgs.org&rft.atitle=Royal+Geographical+Society+%E2%80%93+Teaching+and+learning+in+geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2Fschools%2Fcompetitions%2Fdavid-w-smith-memorial-prize%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/schools/competitions/ron-cooke-award/">"Royal Geographical Society – Teaching and learning in geography"</a>. <i>www.rgs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rgs.org&rft.atitle=Royal+Geographical+Society+%E2%80%93+Teaching+and+learning+in+geography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2Fschools%2Fcompetitions%2Fron-cooke-award%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rgs.org/research/research-publications"><i>Research publications</i></a>. <i>rgs.org</i> official site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/rgs_ibg/docs/rgs-ibg_bulletin_summer_2014s?e=10038960/6992234">"Bulletin 2014"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulletin+2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Frgs_ibg%2Fdocs%2Frgs-ibg_bulletin_summer_2014s%3Fe%3D10038960%2F6992234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927154731/http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Publications/geographical+magazine.htm">"Geographical magazine"</a>. Rgs.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rgs.org/OurWork/Publications/geographical+magazine.htm">the original</a> on 27 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geographical+magazine&rft.pub=Rgs.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgs.org%2FOurWork%2FPublications%2Fgeographical%2Bmagazine.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoyal+Geographical+Society" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mill, H. R. (1930) <i>The record of the Royal Geographical Society, 1830–1930</i>, London : Royal Geographical Society, p. 288.</li> <li>Royal Geographical Society (2005) <i>To the ends of the Earth : visions of a changing world : 175 years of exploration and photography</i>, London : Bloomsbury, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7475-8138-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7475-8138-X">0-7475-8138-X</a>.</li> <li>Winser, S. (Ed.) (2004) <i>Royal Geographical Society with the Institute of British Geographers expedition handbook</i>, New ed., London : Profile, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86197-044-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-86197-044-7">1-86197-044-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Template:Royal Geographical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Royal Geographical 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Founder%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Founder's Medal">Founder's Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patron%27s_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patron's Medal">Patron's Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Award" title="Back Award">Back Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Busk_Medal" title="Busk Medal">Busk Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Peek_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuthbert Peek Award">Cuthbert Peek Award</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gill_Memorial_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gill Memorial Award (page does not exist)">Gill Memorial Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Kearton_Medal_and_Award" title="Cherry Kearton Medal and Award">Cherry Kearton Medal and Award</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Heath_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Heath Award (page does not exist)">Edward Heath Award</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Geographical_Award&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geographical Award (page does not exist)">Geographical Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murchison_Award" title="Murchison Award">Murchison Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ness_Award" title="Ness Award">Ness Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Medal_(geography)" title="Victoria Medal (geography)">Victoria Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Journal" title="The Geographical Journal">The Geographical Journal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_Institute_of_British_Geographers" title="Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers">Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Association" title="African Association">African Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Diving_Chamber_Dive_Lectures" title="London Diving Chamber Dive Lectures">Dive Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowther_Lodge" title="Lowther Lodge">Lowther Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Association" title="Palestine Association">Palestine Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh_Club" title="Raleigh Club">Raleigh Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society84" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Template:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Geographical_Society84" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Presidents of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Royal Geographical Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/F._J._Robinson,_1st_Viscount_Goderich" title="F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich">F. J. Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Murray_(British_Army_officer)" title="George Murray (British Army officer)">George Murray</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Barrow,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir John Barrow, 1st Baronet">John Barrow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Richard_Hamilton" title="William Richard Hamilton">William R. Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bellas_Greenough" title="George Bellas Greenough">George Greenough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Abbot,_2nd_Baron_Colchester" title="Charles Abbot, 2nd Baron Colchester">Charles Abbot</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(geologist)" title="William Hamilton (geologist)">William J. Hamilton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Smyth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Egerton,_1st_Earl_of_Ellesmere" title="Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere">Francis Egerton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Beechey" title="Frederick William Beechey">Frederick Beechey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bingham_Baring,_2nd_Baron_Ashburton" title="Bingham Baring, 2nd Baron Ashburton">Bingham Baring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Murchison" title="Roderick Murchison">Roderick Murchison</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Rawlinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet">Henry Rawlinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bartle_Frere" title="Henry Bartle Frere">Henry Frere</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Alcock" title="Rutherford Alcock">Rutherford Alcock</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baring,_1st_Earl_of_Northbrook" title="Thomas Baring, 1st Earl of Northbrook">Thomas Baring</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bruce,_1st_Baron_Aberdare" title="Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare">Henry Bruce</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell,_9th_Duke_of_Argyll" title="John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll">John Campbell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Strachey" title="Richard Strachey">Richard Strachey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/M._E._Grant_Duff" title="M. E. Grant Duff">M. E. Grant Duff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Clements Markham</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/85px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/128px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png/170px-Royal_Geographical_Society_Circlet.png 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="1141" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Taubman_Goldie" title="George Taubman Goldie">George Goldie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Darwin" title="Leonard Darwin">Leonard Darwin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">George Curzon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Freshfield" title="Douglas Freshfield">Douglas Freshfield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Holdich" title="Thomas Holdich">Thomas Holdich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Younghusband" title="Francis Younghusband">Francis Younghusband</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Dundas,_2nd_Marquess_of_Zetland" title="Lawrence Dundas, 2nd Marquess of Zetland">Lawrence Dundas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_George_Hogarth" title="David George Hogarth">David George Hogarth</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Close" title="Charles Close">Charles Close</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Goodenough" title="William Goodenough">William Goodenough</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Cox" title="Percy Cox">Percy Cox</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Balfour" title="Henry Balfour">Henry Balfour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Chetwode,_1st_Baron_Chetwode" title="Philip Chetwode, 1st Baron Chetwode">Philip Chetwode</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rodd,_2nd_Baron_Rennell" title="Francis Rodd, 2nd Baron Rennell">Francis Rodd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lindsay" title="Harry Lindsay">Harry Lindsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Wordie" title="James Wordie">James Wordie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Marshall-Cornwall" title="James Marshall-Cornwall">James Marshall-Cornwall</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Nathan,_2nd_Baron_Nathan" title="Roger Nathan, 2nd Baron Nathan">Roger Nathan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Priestley" title="Raymond Priestley">Raymond Priestley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Stamp" title="Dudley Stamp">Dudley Stamp</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Laithwaite" title="Gilbert Laithwaite">Gilbert Laithwaite</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edmund_George_Irving" title="Edmund George Irving">Edmund Irving</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Edward Shackleton</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Duncan_Cumming" title="Duncan Cumming">Duncan Cumming</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Hunt,_Baron_Hunt" title="John Hunt, Baron Hunt">John Hunt</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_John_Wise" title="Michael John Wise">Michael John Wise</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Fuchs" title="Vivian Fuchs">Vivian Fuchs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Bishop_(civil_servant)" title="George Bishop (civil servant)">George Bishop</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Chorley,_2nd_Baron_Chorley" title="Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley">Roger Chorley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Crispin_Tickell" title="Crispin Tickell">Crispin Tickell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe,_2nd_Earl_Jellicoe" title="George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe">George Jellicoe</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Palmer,_4th_Earl_of_Selborne" title="John Palmer, 4th Earl of Selborne">John Palmer</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Cooke" title="Ron Cooke">Ron Cooke</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Cossons" title="Neil Cossons">Neil Cossons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Conway" title="Gordon Conway">Gordon Conway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Palin" title="Michael Palin">Michael Palin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Rees" title="Judith Rees">Judith Rees</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Crane" title="Nicholas Crane">Nicholas Crane</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Chalker" title="Lynda Chalker">Lynda Chalker</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Clifford" title="Nigel Clifford">Nigel Clifford</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691152#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3484" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691152#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3484" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691152#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121570625">ISNI</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121675865">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138109643">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130177314">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1009629-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84236001">United States</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80152915">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12018447b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12018447b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001093241">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35659979">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Royal Geographical Society (Velká Británie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003181036&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Institute of British Geographers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003181039&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX115525">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/264702">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/5007758">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000108420&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000468044&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=57876">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810643165205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/39465">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007291518505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000191364">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058517265906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00309381?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500245798">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/031659578">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/11679">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output 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id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>40 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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