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Homeland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="المدافعون عن الوطن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المدافعون عن الوطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%86" title="مدافعان میهن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدافعان میهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETA_(Indon%C3%A9sie)" title="PETA (Indonésie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="PETA (Indonésie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%96%A5%ED%86%A0%EB%B0%A9%EC%9C%84%EC%9D%98%EC%9A%A9%EA%B5%B0" title="향토방위의용군 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="향토방위의용군" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air" title="Pembela Tanah Air – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembela Tanah Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETA_(Indonesia)" title="PETA (Indonesia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PETA (Indonesia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air" title="Pembela Tanah Air – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembela Tanah Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PETA_(Indonesi%C3%AB)" title="PETA (Indonesië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PETA (Indonesië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%B7%E5%9C%9F%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%87%E8%BB%8D" title="郷土防衛義勇軍 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="郷土防衛義勇軍" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air" title="Pembela Tanah Air – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pembela Tanah Air" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A2%D0%90" title="ПЕТА – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="ПЕТА" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air" title="Pembela Tanah Air – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pembela Tanah Air" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%84%89%E5%9C%9F%E9%98%B2%E8%A1%9B%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%87%E8%BB%8D" title="鄉土防衛義勇軍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air" class="extiw" title="id:Pembela Tanah Air">the corresponding article</a> in Indonesian</b>.  <i><small>(June 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPembela_Tanah_Air&sl=id&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Indonesian article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Indonesian Wikipedia article at [[:id:Pembela Tanah Air]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|id|Pembela Tanah Air}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Talk:Defenders of the Homeland">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Defenders of the Homeland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">郷土防衛義勇軍<br /><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">(Tentara Sukarela) Pembela Tanah Air</i></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_PETA_(Pembela_Tanah_Air).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_PETA_%28Pembela_Tanah_Air%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Colour used by PETA battalions</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">3 October 1943 – 15 August 1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">British Malaya</a><sup id="cite_ref-sani_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"><img alt="Empire of Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg/45px-War_flag_of_the_Imperial_Japanese_Army_%281868%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data">Defending the Japanese-occupied <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">British Malaya</a> from <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> invasion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">66 Battalions in Java, 3 Battalions in Bali, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 20,000 men in Sumatra, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2,000 men in Malaya</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">PETA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6B3FA0; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Purple" title="Purple">Purple</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#004123; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Green" title="Green">Green</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a>, & <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFFFF; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">"Mars Tentara Pembela"</i></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" 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href="/wiki/File:Mars_Tentara_Pembela_Tanah_Air.ogg" title="File:Mars Tentara Pembela Tanah Air.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1945_PETA_revolt_in_Blitar" title="1945 PETA revolt in Blitar">1945 PETA revolt in Blitar</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Indonesia" title="Category:History of Indonesia">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indonesia" title="History of Indonesia">History of <span class="fn org label">Indonesia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/220px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/330px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg/440px-Nicolaes_Visscher_Indiae_Orientalis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="2077" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="border:none;"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Indonesian_history" title="Timeline of Indonesian history">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Indonesia" title="Prehistoric Indonesia">Prehistory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></b></td><td style="text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Java_Man" title="Java Man">Java Man</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1,000,000 BP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Flores Man</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 94,000–12,000 BP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <b><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></b></td><td style="text-align:right;"></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Toba_catastrophe_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Toba catastrophe theory">Toba catastrophe</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 75,000 BP</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Buni_culture" title="Buni culture">Buni culture</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400 BCE</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kutai" title="Kutai">Kutai kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 350–1605</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tarumanagara" title="Tarumanagara">Tarumanagara kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400s–500s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kantoli" title="Kantoli">Kantoli</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 400s-500s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kalingga_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalingga kingdom">Kalingga kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 500s–600s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Melayu_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Melayu kingdom">Melayu kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600s–1347</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya Empire</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600s–1025</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Shailendra_dynasty" title="Shailendra dynasty">Shailendra Dynasty</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 600s–900s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mataram_kingdom" title="Mataram kingdom">Mataram kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 716–1016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bali_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Bali kingdom">Bali kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 914–1908</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sunda_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunda kingdom">Sunda kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 932–1579</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kahuripan" title="Kahuripan">Kahuripan kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1019–1045</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kediri_kingdom" title="Kediri kingdom">Kediri kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1045–1221</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dharmasraya" title="Dharmasraya">Dharmasraya kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1183–1347</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pannai" title="Pannai">Pannai kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1000s–1300s</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Singhasari" title="Singhasari">Singhasari Empire</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1222–1292</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit Empire</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1293–1527</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Islamic sultanates</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Spread_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" title="Spread of Islam in Indonesia">Spread of Islam</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 800–1600</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peureulak_Sultanate" title="Peureulak Sultanate">Peureulak Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">840–1292</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aru_kingdom" title="Aru kingdom">Aru kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1225–1613</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ternate_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Ternate Sultanate">Ternate Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1257–1914</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Samudera_Pasai_Sultanate" title="Samudera Pasai Sultanate">Samudera Pasai Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1267–1521</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pagaruyung_kingdom" title="Pagaruyung kingdom">Pagaruyung kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1347–1833</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bruneian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruneian Empire">Brunei Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1368–1888</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malacca_Sultanate" title="Malacca Sultanate">Malacca Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1400–1511</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Sulu" title="Sultanate of Sulu">Sulu Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1405–1851</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Cirebon" title="Sultanate of Cirebon">Cirebon Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1445–1677</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Demak_Sultanate" title="Demak Sultanate">Demak Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1475–1554</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1496–1903</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Ternate" title="Sultanate of Ternate">Sultanate of Ternate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1486–1914</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bacan" title="Sultanate of Bacan">Sultanate of Bacan</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1515–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Sultanate of Tidore</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1500s–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Jailolo" title="Sultanate of Jailolo">Sultanate of Jailolo</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1496–1903</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banten_Sultanate" title="Banten Sultanate">Banten Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1526–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banjar_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjar Sultanate">Banjar Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1526–1863</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kalinyamat_Sultanate" title="Kalinyamat Sultanate">Kalinyamat Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1527–1599</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Mataram_Sultanate" title="Mataram Sultanate">Mataram Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1586–1755</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Johor_Sultanate" title="Johor Sultanate">Johor Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1528s–1877</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kaimana" title="Kingdom of Kaimana">Kingdom of Kaimana</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1600s–1926</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Jambi_Sultanate" title="Jambi Sultanate">Jambi Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1604s–1904</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Palembang_Sultanate" title="Palembang Sultanate">Palembang Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1659–1823</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Siak_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Siak Sultanate">Siak Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1725–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Surakarta_Sunanate" title="Surakarta Sunanate">Surakarta Sunanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1745–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta_Sultanate" title="Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1755–present</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Deli_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Deli Sultanate">Deli Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1814–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate" title="Riau-Lingga Sultanate">Riau-Lingga Sultanate</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1824–1911</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_monarchies" title="List of Indonesian monarchies">Christian kingdoms</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka kingdom</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1515–1904</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bolaang_Mongondow" title="Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow">Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1670–1950</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kongsi_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongsi republic">Chinese Kongsi federations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Heshun_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Heshun Confederation">Heshun Confederation</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1776–1854</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Lanfang_Republic" title="Lanfang Republic">Lanfang Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1777–1884</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Santiaogou_Republic" title="Santiaogou Republic">Santiaogou Republic</a></td><td style="text-align:right;">1777–1853</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">European colonization</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1512–1850</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1521–1677</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company_in_the_Malay_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch East India Company in the Malay Archipelago">Dutch East India Company</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1602–1799</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/British_Bencoolen" title="British Bencoolen">British</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1685–1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_and_British_interregnum_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="French and British interregnum in the Dutch East Indies">French and British interregnum</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1806–1816</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">1800–1942<br />1945–1949</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Emergence of Indonesia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Awakening" title="Indonesian National Awakening">National Awakening</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1908–1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1942–1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1945–1949</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1949–1950</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Republic of Indonesia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy_period_in_Indonesia" title="Liberal democracy period in Indonesia">Liberal democracy</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1950–1959</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1959–1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1966–1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1967–1998</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Post-Suharto_era_in_Indonesia" title="Post-Suharto era in Indonesia">Reform era</a></td><td style="text-align:right;"> 1998–present</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Indonesia" title="Regions of Indonesia">Regions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jakarta" title="History of Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bali" title="History of Bali">Bali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bogor" title="History of Bogor">Bogor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bandung" title="History of Bandung">Bandung</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border:none;background:gainsboro;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_agriculture_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Indonesia" title="Archaeology of Indonesia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Indonesian_rupiah" title="History of the Indonesian rupiah">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of education in Indonesia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Javanese_historical_texts" title="Javanese historical texts">Javanese historical texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of religion in Indonesia">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Buddhism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Buddhism in Indonesia">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in Indonesia">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hinduism_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Hinduism in Indonesia">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Indonesia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Judaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mass_media_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of mass media in Indonesia">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Indonesia" title="Military history of Indonesia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of sports in Indonesia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of women in Indonesia">Women</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/16px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/24px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Indonesia" title="Portal:Indonesia">Indonesia portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template:History of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:History of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Defenders of the Homeland</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">郷土防衛義勇軍</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kyōdo Bōei Giyūgun</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">(Tentara Sukarela) Pembela Tanah Air</i>, <b>PETA</b>) was a volunteer army established on 3 October 1943 in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupying Japanese</a>. The Japanese intended PETA to assist their forces in opposing a possible invasion by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. By the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">end of World War II</a>, there were a total of 69 battalions (<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">daidan</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madura" title="Madura">Madura</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> (around 37,000 men) and <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> (approximately 20,000 men). On 17 August 1945, the day after the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a>, the Japanese ordered the PETA <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">daidan</i></span> to surrender and hand over their weapons, which most of them did. Indonesia's inaugural President, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, supported the dissolution rather than turning the organisation into a national army as he feared allegations of collaboration had he allowed a Japanese-created militia to continue to exist.<sup id="cite_ref-RICKLEFS194_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RICKLEFS194-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SUNDHAUSSEN2_4_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUNDHAUSSEN2_4-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BACHTIAR_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BACHTIAR-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian War of Independence</a>, former PETA officers and troops, such as <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a>, formed the core of the fledgling <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Armed_Forces" title="Indonesian National Armed Forces">Indonesian National Armed Forces</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PETA_units_in_Java_and_Bali">PETA units in Java and Bali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: PETA units in Java and Bali"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align: left;">Battalion </th> <th style="text-align: left;">Battalion commander<br />(<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">daidancho</i></span>) </th> <th style="text-align: left;">Notes </th> <th style="text-align: left;">Officers of other ranks<br />(<span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">chūdanchō</i></span>, <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">shōdanchó</i></span>) </th></tr> <tr> <td>I Labuan, Banten</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubagus_Ahmad_Chatib_al-Bantani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubagus Ahmad Chatib al-Bantani (page does not exist)">Tubagus Ahmad Chatib al-Bantani</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubagus_Ahmad_Chatib_al-Bantani" class="extiw" title="id:Tubagus Ahmad Chatib al-Bantani">id</a>]</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ulama" title="Ulama">Muslim cleric</a></td> <td>Suhadisastra </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Malingping, Banten</td> <td>E. Ojong Temaja</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>M.B. Sutman </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Serang, Banten</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Syam%27un" title="Syam'un">Syam'un</a></td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Zainul Falah </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Pandeglang, Banten</td> <td>Uding Sujatmadja</td> <td></td> <td>Mustaram </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Harmoni, Djakarta</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kasman_Singodimedjo" title="Kasman Singodimedjo">Kasman Singodimedjo</a></td> <td>Graduate of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rechtshoogeschool_te_Batavia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rechtshoogeschool te Batavia (page does not exist)">RHS</a><br />Former leader of <a href="/wiki/Jong_Islamieten_Bond" title="Jong Islamieten Bond">JIB</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Majelis_Islam_A%27la_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majelis Islam A'la Indonesia (page does not exist)">MIAI</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moeffreni_Moe%27min&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moeffreni Moe'min (page does not exist)">Moeffreni Moe'min</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeffreni_Moe%27min" class="extiw" title="id:Moeffreni Moe'min">id</a>]</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latief_Hendraningrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latief Hendraningrat (page does not exist)">Latief Hendraningrat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latief_Hendraningrat" class="extiw" title="id:Latief Hendraningrat">id</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Purwakarta, Djakarta</td> <td>Surjodipuro</td> <td></td> <td>Mursid </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Djampang Kulon, Bogor</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdullah_bin_Nuh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdullah bin Nuh (page does not exist)">Abdullah bin Nuh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_bin_Nuh" class="extiw" title="id:Abdullah bin Nuh">id</a>]</span></td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Husen Aleksah </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Pelabuan Ratu, Bogor</td> <td>M. Basuni</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Mulja </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Sukabumi, Bogor</td> <td>Kafrawi</td> <td></td> <td>Machmud </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Tjibeber, Tjiandjur, Bogor</td> <td>R. Gunawan Resmiputro</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishak_Djuarsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishak Djuarsa (page does not exist)">Ishak Djuarsa</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishak_Djuarsa" class="extiw" title="id:Ishak Djuarsa">id</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Tasikmalaja, Priangan</td> <td>K.H. Sutalaksana</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Abdullah Saleh </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Pangandaran, Priangan</td> <td>K.H. Pardjaman</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>K. Hamid </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Bandung, Priangan</td> <td>Iljas Sasmita</td> <td></td> <td>Permana<br /><a href="/wiki/Umar_Wirahadikusumah" title="Umar Wirahadikusumah">Umar Wirahadikusumah</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Tjimahi, Priangan</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arudji_Kartawinata" title="Arudji Kartawinata">Arudji Kartawinata</a></td> <td>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/Meer_Uitgebreid_Lager_Onderwijs" title="Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs">MULO</a><br />Former executive of <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Islamic_Union_Party" title="Indonesian Islamic Union Party">PSII</a></td> <td>Soeparjadi<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniman (page does not exist)">Poniman</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poniman" class="extiw" title="id:Poniman">id</a>]</span><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supardi_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supardi (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Supardi (Indonesia)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supardi_(militer)" class="extiw" title="id:Supardi (militer)">id</a>]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>V Garut, Priangan</td> <td>R. Sofjan Iskandar</td> <td></td> <td>Katamsi Sutisna </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Tjirebon</td> <td>Abdulgani Surjokusumo</td> <td></td> <td>Rukman </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Madjalengka, Tjirebon</td> <td>R. Zaenal Asikin Judibrata</td> <td></td> <td>Suarman </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Pekalongan</td> <td>Iskandar Idris</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Ajub </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Tegal, Pekalongan</td> <td>K.H. Durjatman</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Sumardjono </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Tjilatjap, Banjumas</td> <td>R. Sutirto</td> <td></td> <td>R. Hartojo </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Sumpiuh, Banjumas</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susalit_Joyoadiningrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susalit Joyoadiningrat (page does not exist)">Susalit Joyoadiningrat</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soesalit_Djojoadhiningrat" class="extiw" title="id:Soesalit Djojoadhiningrat">id</a>]</span></td> <td></td> <td>Zaelan Asikin </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Kroja, Banjumas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></td> <td>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> teachers' training school<br />Muhammadiyah <a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher">schoolteacher</a></td> <td>Supardjo Rustam </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Banjumas</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Isdiman_Suryokusumo" title="Isdiman Suryokusumo">Isdiman Suryokusumo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Subroto" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatot Subroto">Gatot Subroto</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarengat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarengat (page does not exist)">Sarengat</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Gombong, Kedu</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Kadir_(born_1906)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Kadir (born 1906) (page does not exist)">Abdul Kadir (born 1906)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Kadir_(militer,_lahir_1906)" class="extiw" title="id:Abdul Kadir (militer, lahir 1906)">id</a>]</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Bambang_Sugeng" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambang Sugeng">Bambang Sugeng</a></td> <td></td> <td>R. Sutrisno </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Magelang, Kedu</td> <td>Muhammad Susman</td> <td></td> <td>Sugiardjo<br />Supangkat </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Gombong, Kedu</td> <td>Djoko Kusumo</td> <td></td> <td>Slamet<br /><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yani" title="Ahmad Yani">Ahmad Yani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sarwo_Edhie_Wibowo" title="Sarwo Edhie Wibowo">Sarwo Edhie Wibowo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Purworedjo, Kedu</td> <td>Mukahar Ronohadikusumo</td> <td></td> <td>Tjiptoroso </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Mrican, Semarang</td> <td>R. Usman<br />Sutrisno Sudomo</td> <td></td> <td>Sujadi </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Weleri, Kendal, Semarang</td> <td>R. Sudijono Taruno Kusumo</td> <td></td> <td>Suparman Sumahamidjaja </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Pati</td> <td>Kusmoro Hadidewo</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Rembang, Pati</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holan_Iskandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holan Iskandar (page does not exist)">Holan Iskandar</a></td> <td></td> <td>Sukardi </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Djepara, Pati</td> <td>Prawiro Atmodjo</td> <td></td> <td>Sukardji </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Wates, Jogjakarta</td> <td>D. Martojomeno</td> <td></td> <td>Sudjiono </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Bantul, Jogjakarta</td> <td>Mohammed Saleh</td> <td>Graduate of higher teachers' training school<br />Muhammadiyah schoolteacher</td> <td>Sugiono </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Pingit, Jogjakarta</td> <td>Sundjojo Purbokusumo</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Daryatmo" title="Daryatmo">Daryatmo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Wonosari, Jogjakarta</td> <td>Muridan Noto</td> <td></td> <td>Nudi </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Manahan, Surakarta</td> <td>R.M. <a href="/wiki/Muljadi_Djojomartono" title="Muljadi Djojomartono">Muljadi Djojomartono</a></td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suprapto_Sukawati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suprapto Sukawati (page does not exist)">Suprapto Sukawati</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Djatikoesoemo" title="Djatikoesoemo">Djatikoesoemo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Wonogiri, Surakarta</td> <td>K.H. Idris</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Budiman </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Babat, Bodjonegoro</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">K.H. Masjkur</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Soedirman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Soedirman (page does not exist)">Sudirman</a></td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Utojo Utomo </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Bodjonegoro</td> <td>Masri</td> <td></td> <td>R. Rachmat </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Tuban-Bodjonegoro</td> <td>Sumadi Sastroatmodjo</td> <td></td> <td>Sumardjo </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Madiun</td> <td>Agus Tojib</td> <td></td> <td>Mumardjo </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Patjitan, Madiun</td> <td>Akub Gulangge</td> <td></td> <td>R. Subagijo </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Ponorogo, Madiun</td> <td>M. Sudjono</td> <td></td> <td>Sudijat </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Tulungagung, Kediri</td> <td>Sudiro</td> <td></td> <td>Tulus </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Blitar, Kediri</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surachmad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surachmad (page does not exist)">Surachmad</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soerachmad" class="extiw" title="id:Soerachmad">id</a>]</span></td> <td></td> <td>Sukandar<br /><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Suprijadi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Kediri</td> <td>A. Judodiprodjo <br />Sujoto Djojopurnomo</td> <td></td> <td>Mashudi Sudjono </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Gunung Sari, Surabaja</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mustopo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mustopo">Mustopo</a></td> <td>Graduate of <a href="/wiki/Airlangga_University" title="Airlangga University">STOVIT</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dentist" title="Dentist">Dentist</a></td> <td>Masduki Abudardja </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Sidoardjo, Surabaja</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mangundiprojo" title="Muhammad Mangundiprojo">R. Muhammad Mangundiprodjo</a></td> <td></td> <td>Bambang Juwono </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Modjokerto, Surabaja</td> <td>Katamhadi</td> <td></td> <td>Usman </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Gresik, Surabaja</td> <td>K.H. Cholik Hasjim</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Jondat Modjo </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Gondanglegi, Malang</td> <td>K. Iskandar Sulaeman</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Sumarto </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Lumadjang, Malang</td> <td>M. Sujo Adikusumo</td> <td></td> <td>S. Hardjo Hudojo </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Pasuruan, Malang</td> <td>Arsjid Kromodihardjo</td> <td></td> <td>Slamet </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Malang</td> <td>Imam Sudja'i</td> <td></td> <td>Sukardani </td></tr> <tr> <td>V Probolinggo, Malang</td> <td>Sudarsono</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sumitro" title="Sumitro">Sumitro</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Kentjong, Djember, Besuki</td> <td>Suwito<br />Sudiro</td> <td></td> <td>Sukarto </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Bondowoso, Besuki</td> <td>K.H. Tahirruddin Tjokro Atmodjo</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Rosadi </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Bentjuluk, Banjuwangi, Besuki</td> <td>Sukotjo</td> <td></td> <td>Imam Sukarto </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Rambipundji, Djember-Besuki</td> <td>Surodjo<br />Astiklah</td> <td></td> <td>Subandi </td></tr> <tr> <td>V Sukowidi, Banjuwangi, Besuki</td> <td>R. Usman Sumodinoto</td> <td></td> <td>Sudarmin </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Pamekasan, Madura</td> <td>K.H. R. Amin Dja'far</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>R. Mohammad Saleh </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Bangkalan, Madura</td> <td>Ruslan Tjakraningrat</td> <td></td> <td>Hafiludin </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Batang-batang, Madura</td> <td>Abdul Madjid</td> <td></td> <td>Achmad Basuni </td></tr> <tr> <td>IV Ambunten, Sumenep, Madura</td> <td>Abdul Hamid Mudhari</td> <td>Muslim cleric</td> <td>Suroso </td></tr> <tr> <td>V Ketapang, Madura</td> <td>Trunodjojo</td> <td></td> <td>Mochamad Sabirin </td></tr> <tr> <td>I Negara, Bali</td> <td>I Made Putu</td> <td></td> <td>I Wayan Mudana </td></tr> <tr> <td>II Tabanan, Bali</td> <td>I Gusti Ngurah Gede Pugeng</td> <td></td> <td>Ida Bagus Tongka </td></tr> <tr> <td>III Klungkung, Bali</td> <td>Anak Agung Made Agung</td> <td></td> <td>I Made Geria </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Malayan_Volunteer_Army">Malayan Volunteer Army</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Malayan Volunteer Army"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marai_Giyugun_Flag_(Blank).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg/220px-Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg/330px-Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg/440px-Marai_Giyugun_Flag_%28Blank%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="756" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the Malayan Volunteer Army </figcaption></figure> <p>By April 1944, a Malayan Defenders of the Homeland Association (<span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">Ikatan Pembela Tanah Ayer Malaya</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-sani_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formally the <b>Malayan Volunteer Army</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">マライ義勇軍</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Marai Giyūgun</i></span>), was stationed in <a href="/wiki/Johor_Bahru" title="Johor Bahru">Johor Bahru</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Japanese-occupied Malaya</a>. It was staffed by some 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Malays" title="Malaysian Malays">Malays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indians" title="Malaysian Indians">Indians</a> and modeled on the organization of the Indonesian PETA, intending to create a local pro-Japanese reserve force for the defense of <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Malaysia" title="Peninsular Malaysia">Malaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Singapore" title="Japanese occupation of Singapore">Singapore</a>. It was reinforced by the part-time <b>Malayan Volunteer Corps</b> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">マライ義勇隊</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Marai Giyūtai</i></span>) and recruitment of local <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Heiho" title="Heiho">Heiho</a></i></span> started in January 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryukeishosha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commander of the Malayan PETA was <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Yaacob" title="Ibrahim Yaacob">Ibrahim Yaacob</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryukeishosha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had been the founder and leader of the pro-independence <a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Melayu_Muda" title="Kesatuan Melayu Muda">Young Malays Union</a>, which the Japanese had shut down over its ties to the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Communist_Party" title="Malayan Communist Party">Communist Party of Malaya</a> (CPM) and <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sani_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sani-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his post-war autobiography, Yaacob claimed to have secretly continued communications with the CPM during the Japanese occupation. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> on 15 August 1945, the Malayan Volunteer Army began marching towards <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> before disbanding in northern <a href="/wiki/Johor" title="Johor">Johor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ryukeishosha-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_members">Notable members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notable members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;column-gap: 4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Bintoro" title="R. Bintoro">R. Bintoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryatmo" title="Daryatmo">Daryatmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djatikoesoemo" title="Djatikoesoemo">Djatikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muljadi_Djojomartono" title="Muljadi Djojomartono">Muljadi Djojomartono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamin_Ginting" title="Djamin Ginting">Djamin Ginting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daan_Jahja" title="Daan Jahja">Daan Jahja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arudji_Kartawinata" title="Arudji Kartawinata">Arudji Kartawinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetardjo_Kartohadikusumo" title="Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo">Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulkifli_Lubis" title="Zulkifli Lubis">Zulkifli Lubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Machmud" title="Amir Machmud">Amir Machmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Mangkoepradja" title="Gatot Mangkoepradja">Gatot Mangkoepradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mangundiprojo" title="Muhammad Mangundiprojo">Muhammad Mangundiprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moestopo" title="Moestopo">Moestopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daan_Mogot" title="Daan Mogot">Daan Mogot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Munandar" title="Imam Munandar">Imam Munandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraden_Panggabean" title="Maraden Panggabean">Maraden Panggabean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuki_Rahmat" title="Basuki Rahmat">Basuki Rahmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekotjo_Sastrodinoto" title="Soekotjo Sastrodinoto">Soekotjo Sastrodinoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasman_Singodimedjo" title="Kasman Singodimedjo">Kasman Singodimedjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Soebroto" title="Gatot Soebroto">Gatot Soebroto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambang_Soegeng" title="Bambang Soegeng">Bambang Soegeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Widjojo_Soejono" title="Widjojo Soejono">Widjojo Soejono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._M._Soeparmin" title="G. M. Soeparmin">G. M. Soeparmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetran" title="Soetran">Soetran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumitro" title="Sumitro">Sumitro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syam%27un" title="Syam'un">Syam'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjokropranolo" title="Tjokropranolo">Tjokropranolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahono" title="Wahono">Wahono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarwo_Edhie_Wibowo" title="Sarwo Edhie Wibowo">Sarwo Edhie Wibowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Wirahadikusumah" title="Umar Wirahadikusumah">Umar Wirahadikusumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Yaacob" title="Ibrahim Yaacob">Ibrahim Yaacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yani" title="Ahmad Yani">Ahmad Yani</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_PETA_revolt_in_Blitar" title="1945 PETA revolt in Blitar">1945 PETA revolt in Blitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembela_Tanah_Air_Museum" title="Pembela Tanah Air Museum">Pembela Tanah Air Museum</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bachtiar, Harsja W. (1988), <i>Siapa Dia?: Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (Who is S/He?: Senior Officers of the Indonesian Army)</i>, Penerbit Djambatan, Jakarta, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-428-100-X" title="Special:BookSources/979-428-100-X">979-428-100-X</a></li> <li>Sunhaussen, Ulf (1982) <i>The Road to Power: Indonesian Military Politics 1945-1967</i> Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-582521-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-582521-7">0-19-582521-7</a></li> <li>Ricklefs, M.C. (1981) <i>A History of Modern Indonesia, c. 1300 to the present.</i> MacMillan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-24380-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-24380-3">0-333-24380-3</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defenders_of_the_Homeland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sani-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sani_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sani_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sani_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSani2008" class="citation book cs1">Sani, Rustam (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ie4AAAAIAAJ"><i>Social Roots of the Malay Left</i></a>. SIRD. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9833782444" title="Special:BookSources/978-9833782444"><bdi>978-9833782444</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Social+Roots+of+the+Malay+Left&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=SIRD&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9833782444&rft.aulast=Sani&rft.aufirst=Rustam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-Ie4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefenders+of+the+Homeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RICKLEFS194-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RICKLEFS194_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ricklefs (1981), p. 194</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SUNDHAUSSEN2_4-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SUNDHAUSSEN2_4_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sunhaussen (1982), pp. 2–4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BACHTIAR-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BACHTIAR_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bachtiar(1988), p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ryukeishosha-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ryukeishosha_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF明石陽至原不二夫舛谷銳マラヤ日本占領期史料フォーラム2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">明石陽至; 原不二夫; 舛谷銳; マラヤ日本占領期史料フォーラム (2007). <i>マラヤ日本占領期文献目錄 (1941-45年): 付戦前期日本マラヤ関係文献目錄</i> (in Japanese). 龍溪書舎. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4844794806" title="Special:BookSources/978-4844794806"><bdi>978-4844794806</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E6%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84+%281941-45%E5%B9%B4%29%3A+%E4%BB%98%E6%88%A6%E5%89%8D%E6%9C%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84&rft.pub=%E9%BE%8D%E6%BA%AA%E6%9B%B8%E8%88%8E&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-4844794806&rft.au=%E6%98%8E%E7%9F%B3%E9%99%BD%E8%87%B3&rft.au=%E5%8E%9F%E4%B8%8D%E4%BA%8C%E5%A4%AB&rft.au=%E8%88%9B%E8%B0%B7%E9%8A%B3&rft.au=%E3%83%9E%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8D%A0%E9%A0%98%E6%9C%9F%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADefenders+of+the+Homeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template talk:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albanian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_collaboration_with_the_Axis" title="Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Home_Defence" title="Belarusian Home Defence">Belarusian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Kalmykian Cavalry Corps">Kalmykian Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">National Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Royal Hungarian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Iraqi Army">Royal Iraqi Army</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Russian People's Liberation Army">Russian People's Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Waffen-SS foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland">Polish Wehrmacht Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arakan Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army" title="Burma Independence Army">Burma Independence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Central Asian collaborators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chin Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Special_Force" title="Gando Special Force">Gando Special Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiho" title="Heiho">Heiho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indian_National_Army" title="First Indian National Army">First Indian National Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_Army" title="Inner Mongolian Army">Inner Mongolian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Malayan Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Asano Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwanese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasago_Volunteers" title="Takasago Volunteers">Takasago Volunteers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vietnamese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Youth_(Vietnam)" title="Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)">Vanguard Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis countries">Axis countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Albania">German Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Byelorussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <small>(limited)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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