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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin,_Monjali.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg/220px-Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="428" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg/330px-Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg/440px-Heiho_uniform_on_mannequin%2C_Monjali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2664" data-file-height="5184" /></a><figcaption><i>Heiho</i> uniform on display at the <a href="/wiki/Yogya_Kembali_Monument" title="Yogya Kembali Monument">Yogya Kembali Monument</a>, 2013.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/220px--Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="450" data-mwtitle="Heiho_propagandafilm.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Heiho_propagandafilm.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="768" data-height="576" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/61/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm/Heiho_propagandafilm.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Propaganda film encouraging auxiliary enlistment. Images of the "pleasant and useful life" as a <i>Heiho</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Heiho</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">兵補</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>Heiho</i></i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a>")</span> were units raised by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese Army</a> during its <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside the <i>Heiho</i>, the Japanese organized <i>Giyūgun</i> (義勇軍, "Volunteer army"), such as the <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>-based "<a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a>" (PETA; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Pembela Tanah Air</i>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">郷土防衛義勇軍</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kyōdo Bōei Giyūgun</i></span>). Indonesian youths who joined the <i>Heiho</i> were never given high ranks or positions, contrasted by the young people who were members of PETA or other <i>Giyūgun</i> and often received appointments and promotions. This discrimination carried over into public life, where <i>Heiho</i> members had to salute any <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese citizen</a>, both civilians and military.<sup id="cite_ref-agp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name was mostly used to point about Indonesian units of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces, although over time it had become coined as the term to refer to any unit the collaborated with Japan regardless of ethnicity. </p><p>In addition, there was also a difference in salary, accommodation, and food with the <i>heitai</i> (兵隊, "soldiers") of the <i>Giyūgun</i>, which were adjusted according to the <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a> of the individual <i>Heiho</i> soldier. The monthly salary of a <i>Heiho</i> was only 30 <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">rupiah</a> for bachelors and 35 rupiah for married members.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Still, many youths hoped that recruitment into <i>Heiho</i> would serve as a stepping stone for a military career to improve their social standing, receive Japanese salaries, and avoid the <i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dmusha" title="Rōmusha">rōmusha</a></i> forced labor system.<sup id="cite_ref-oke_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oke-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heiho&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The auxiliary force was formed by order of the army section of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_General_Headquarters" title="Imperial General Headquarters">Imperial General Headquarters</a> on 2 September 1942 and began recruiting members on 22 April 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-oke_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oke-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese <i>Sendenbu</i> (宣伝部, "Publicity Department") propagated that <i>Heiho</i> was an opportunity for young people to serve their homeland and people. The requirements to become a member of <i>Heiho</i> were to be between 18–25 years old, have a minimum height of <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1.10 m (3 ft <span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in), an average weight of 45 kg (99 lb), be physically and mentally healthy, be well-behaved, and have completed at least <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The selected youths were promised to become members of the Imperial Army or <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Japanese Navy</a>. </p><p>In practice, however, <i>Heiho</i> were mostly put to work performing menial labor for the Japanese Army; constructing fortifications, digging trenches, and guarding prisoners. As a result, <i>Heiho</i> quickly became a lightly-armed labor force as the only weapons handed out to the auxiliaries were <i>taiken</i> (隊剣, "corps sword"). Later, the <i>Heiho</i> members were given firearms when the Japanese were being pushed back by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would also be sent to the front lines with Japanese forces and became involved in combat on several battlefields of the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a>, including in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morotai" title="Battle of Morotai">Morotai</a> (in present-day <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Neutralisation_of_Rabaul" title="Neutralisation of Rabaul">Rabaul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>), <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Balikpapan_(1945)" title="Battle of Balikpapan (1945)">Balikpapan</a> (Indonesia), and <a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-agp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to lack of training, they were more often than not used as <a href="/wiki/Cannon_fodder" title="Cannon fodder">cannon fodder</a> or "martyred" as <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombers</a> when a Japanese defeat seemed imminent. After receiving several months of training, the <i>Heiho</i> troops were considered to have better military capabilities than PETA troops. On that basis, <i>Heiho</i> members were reassigned to <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">air defence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_artillery" title="Field artillery">field artillery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">armor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">logistics</a> units. The recruitment of <i>Heiho</i> into the Japanese army was followed by their recruitment as <i>Kenpeihō</i> (憲兵法, "Auxiliary military police") for the <i><a href="/wiki/Kenpeitai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenpeitai">Kenpeitai</a></i> and <i>Kaigun Heiho</i> (海軍兵補, "Navy auxiliaries") for the Japanese navy. <i>Heiho</i> were not led by ethnic Indonesian commanders, but were under the command of Japanese officers. The training given was not related to organizational or military theory, but solely to <a href="/wiki/Physical_fitness" title="Physical fitness">physical fitness</a>, the concept of <i>seishin</i> (精神, "spirit"), and the fostering of death-defying courage.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, the number of <i>Heiho</i> troops was estimated to be 42,000 men (24,873 on Java, 2,504 on <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a>, and <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 15,000 in other areas). The <i>Heiho</i> was dissolved by the <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_Indonesian_Independence" title="Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence">Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence</a> (PPKI; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Panitia Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">独立準備委員会</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn">Dokuritsu Junbi Iinkai</i></span>) after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> and a number of auxiliaries went on to become members of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Security_Agency" title="People's Security Agency">People's Security Agency</a> (BKR; <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">Badan Keamanan Rakyat</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heiho&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heiho&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLanguage_Development_and_Fostering_Agency2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Language_Development_and_Fostering_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Development and Fostering Agency">Language Development and Fostering 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hasil+Pencarian+-+KBBI+Daring&rft.pub=Balai+Pustaka&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Language+Development+and+Fostering+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkbbi.kemdikbud.go.id%2Fentri%2Fheiho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeiho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agp_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agp_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPringgodigdo,_Abdoel_Gaffar1991" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Gaffar_Pringgodigdo" title="Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo">Pringgodigdo, Abdoel Gaffar</a> (1991). <i>Ensiklopedi Umum</i> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>: Kanisius. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789794135228" title="Special:BookSources/9789794135228"><bdi>9789794135228</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ensiklopedi+Umum&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Kanisius&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9789794135228&rft.au=Pringgodigdo%2C+Abdoel+Gaffar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeiho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOktorino2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oktorino, Nino (2019). <i>Nusantara Membara "Heiho" - Barisan Pejuang Indonesia yang Terlupakan</i> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>: <a href="/wiki/Elex_Media_Komputindo" title="Elex Media Komputindo">Elex Media Komputindo</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786020490649" title="Special:BookSources/9786020490649"><bdi>9786020490649</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nusantara+Membara+%22Heiho%22+-+Barisan+Pejuang+Indonesia+yang+Terlupakan&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Elex+Media+Komputindo&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9786020490649&rft.aulast=Oktorino&rft.aufirst=Nino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeiho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oke-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oke_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oke_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWirayudha2015" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wirayudha, Randy (22 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2015/04/21/337/1138012/kronik-heiho-dari-front-pasifik-hingga-revolusi">"Kronik Heiho dari Front Pasifik Hingga Revolusi"</a> (in Indonesian). <a href="/wiki/Okezone" class="mw-redirect" title="Okezone">Okezone</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(4 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historia.id/politik/articles/amat-jantan-indonesia-DrZED">"Amat Jantan Indonesia"</a>. <i>historia.id</i> (in Indonesian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=historia.id&rft.atitle=Amat+Jantan+Indonesia&rft.date=2015-03-04&rft.aulast=Isnaeni&rft.aufirst=Hendri+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoria.id%2Fpolitik%2Farticles%2Famat-jantan-indonesia-DrZED&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHeiho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany,_Fascist_Italy_and_Imperial_Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany_and_Fascist_Italy" title="Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy">Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Imperial Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis forces">Axis forces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Italian</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Albanian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Fascist_Militia" title="Albanian Fascist Militia">Albanian Fascist Militia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balli_Komb%C3%ABtar" title="Balli Kombëtar">Balli Kombëtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cham_Albanian_collaboration_with_the_Axis" title="Cham Albanian collaboration with the Axis">Cham Albanian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battaglione_Azad_Hindoustan" title="Battaglione Azad Hindoustan">Battaglione Azad Hindoustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Home_Defence" title="Belarusian Home Defence">Belarusian Home Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Division" title="Blue Division">Blue Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiwi_(volunteer)" title="Hiwi (volunteer)">Hiwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykian_Cavalry_Corps" title="Kalmykian Cavalry Corps">Kalmykian Cavalry Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Latvian Auxiliary Police">Latvian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_of_Azerbaijan" title="National Committee of Azerbaijan">National Committee of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Army" title="National Republican Army">National Republican Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands">National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Romanian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Hungarian_Army" title="Royal Hungarian Army">Royal Hungarian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Iraqi_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Iraqi Army">Royal Iraqi Army</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Liberation_Army" title="Russian Liberation Army">Russian Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="Russian People's Liberation Army">Russian People's Liberation Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Battalions" title="Security Battalions">Security Battalions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Expeditionary_Army_Group" title="Slovak Expeditionary Army Group">Slovak Expeditionary Army Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Home_Guard" title="Slovene Home Guard">Slovene Home Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Waffen-SS foreign volunteers and conscripts">Waffen-SS foreign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_foreign_volunteers_and_conscripts" title="Wehrmacht foreign volunteers and conscripts">Wehrmacht foreign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrika_Korps" title="Afrika Korps">Afrika Korps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_enrolment_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Military enrolment in German-occupied Poland">Polish Wehrmacht Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> collaborationists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arakan Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Armistice Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Columns" title="Black Columns">Black Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burma_Independence_Army" title="Burma Independence Army">Burma Independence Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Wars" title="Xinjiang Wars">Central Asian collaborators</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chin Defense Army</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">Collaborationist Chinese Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Defenders of the Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gando_Special_Force" title="Gando Special Force">Gando Special Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Square_(Iraq)" title="Golden Square (Iraq)">Golden Square</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Heiho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Army" title="Indian National Army">Indian National Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indian_National_Army" title="First Indian National Army">First Indian National Army</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_Army" title="Inner Mongolian Army">Inner Mongolian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean collaborators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanka_Sama_Samaja_Party" title="Lanka Sama Samaja Party">Lanka Sama Samaja Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_the_Homeland" title="Defenders of the Homeland">Malayan Volunteer Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Manchukuo Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a></li> <li>Russian collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo_Imperial_Army" title="Manchukuo Imperial Army">Asano Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Fascist_Party" title="Russian Fascist Party">Russian Fascist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwanese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Imperial_Japan_Serviceman" title="Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman">Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takasago_Volunteers" title="Takasago Volunteers">Takasago Volunteers</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vietnamese collaborators <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Quang_Ph%E1%BB%A5c_H%E1%BB%99i" title="Việt Nam Quang Phục Hội">Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Youth_(Vietnam)" title="Vanguard Youth (Vietnam)">Vanguard Youth</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by <a href="/wiki/Axis_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis countries">Axis countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Albania#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Albania">German Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Italian Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_collaboration_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Wartime collaboration in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War II">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II" title="German occupation of Latvia during World War II">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Lithuania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War II">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_Islands_mutiny" title="Cocos Islands mutiny">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> <small>(until 1944)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_State_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Hellenic State (1941–1944)">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">Indochina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kampuchea_(1945)" title="Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Luang_Prabang_(Japanese_puppet_state)" title="Kingdom of Luang Prabang (Japanese puppet state)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Vietnam" title="Empire of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgish_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Luxembourgish collaboration with Nazi Germany">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Malaya" title="Japanese occupation of Malaya">Malaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_World_War_II#Collaboration" title="Netherlands in World War II">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quisling_regime" title="Quisling regime">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_German-occupied_Poland" title="Collaboration in German-occupied Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Salvation" title="Government of National Salvation">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_in_the_German-occupied_Soviet_Union" title="Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byelorussian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Byelorussian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Byelorussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Central_Council" title="Belarusian Central Council">Belarus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%931944_insurgency_in_Chechnya" title="1940–1944 insurgency in Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a> <small>(limited)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule" title="Taiwan under Japanese rule">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heiho&oldid=1253869793">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heiho&oldid=1253869793</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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