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<li id="toc-Indigenous_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Indigenous history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_and_19th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>18th and 19th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_and_19th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spongy_moth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spongy_moth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Spongy moth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spongy_moth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holiday_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holiday_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Holiday songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holiday_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_notables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_notables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Other notables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_notables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notorious_crimes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notorious_crimes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Notorious crimes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notorious_crimes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neighborhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighborhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Neighborhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighborhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_media_and_news" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_media_and_news"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Local media and news</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Local_media_and_news-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Local media and news subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Local_media_and_news-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Print" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Print</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Points_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Points_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Points of interest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Points_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medford, Massachusetts</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B3)" title="ميدفورد (ماساتشوستس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميدفورد (ماساتشوستس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="مدفورد، ماساچوست – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مدفورد، ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфард (Масачусетс) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медфард (Масачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(lungsod_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Massachusetts)" title="Medford (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Massachusetts) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Medford (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford" title="Medford – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Medford" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="مدفورد، ماساچوست – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدفورد، ماساچوست" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="مدفؤرد (ماساچۊست) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مدفؤرد (ماساچۊست)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%93%9C%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C_(%EB%A7%A4%EC%82%AC%EC%B6%94%EC%84%B8%EC%B8%A0%EC%A3%BC)" title="메드퍼드 (매사추세츠주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메드퍼드 (매사추세츠주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Мэдфорд (Массачусетс) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мэдфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Мэдфорд (Массачусетс) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мэдфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_(%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B3)" title="ميدفورد (ميدلسيكس) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميدفورد (ميدلسيكس)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%89%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89_(%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B5%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%84%E5%B7%9E)" title="メドフォード (マサチューセッツ州) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メドフォード (マサチューセッツ州)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфорд (Массачусетс) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Медфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфорд (Массачусетс) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфорд (Масачусетс) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медфорд (Масачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford" title="Medford – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Medford" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфорд (Массачусетс) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Медфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81)" title="Медфорд (Массачусетс) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медфорд (Массачусетс)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%D8%8C_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B3" title="میڈفورڈ، میساچوسٹس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میڈفورڈ، میساچوسٹس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford (Massachusetts) – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Medford (Massachusetts)" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford,_Massachusetts" title="Medford, Massachusetts – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Medford, Massachusetts" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BE%B7%E7%A6%8F_(%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="梅德福 (马萨诸塞州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="梅德福 (马萨诸塞州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medford" title="Medford – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Medford" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medford,_Massachusetts&params=42_25_06_N_71_06_24_W_region:US-MA_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°25′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°06′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.41833°N 71.10667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.41833; -71.10667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Massachusetts, United States</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Massachusetts, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Medford, Massachusetts</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:300px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medford_Square,_Medford_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/149px-Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/224px-Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/298px-Medford_Square%2C_Medford_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medford_High_School,_Medford_MA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/149px-Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/224px-Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg/298px-Medford_High_School%2C_Medford_MA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Transparent;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eaton_Hall,_Tufts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg/149px-Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg/224px-Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg/298px-Eaton_Hall%2C_Tufts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3262" data-file-height="1953" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station,_January_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg/149px-Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg/224px-Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg/298px-Outbound_train_at_Wellington_station%2C_January_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">Left-right from top: Medford Square, <a href="/wiki/Medford_High_School_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford High School (Massachusetts)">Medford High School</a>, Eaton Hall of <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_station_(MBTA)" title="Wellington station (MBTA)">Wellington MBTA station</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Medford,_Massachusetts.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Medford, Massachusetts"><img alt="Official seal of Medford, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png/100px-Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png/150px-Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png/200px-Seal_of_Medford%2C_Massachusetts.png 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts"><img alt="Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg/250px-Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg/375px-Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg/500px-Middlesex_County_Massachusetts_incorporated_and_unincorporated_areas_Medford_highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1203" data-file-height="976" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medford, Massachusetts is located in the United States"><img alt="Medford, Massachusetts is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.937%;left:89.359%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Medford, Massachusetts"><img alt="Medford, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Medford, Massachusetts</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the United States</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medford,_Massachusetts&params=42_25_06_N_71_06_24_W_region:US-MA_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°25′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°06′24″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.41833°N 71.10667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.41833; -71.10667</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/23px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/35px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/46px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Massachusetts" title="List of counties in Massachusetts">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of regions in the United States">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data">New England</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">1630</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated</th><td class="infobox-data">1630</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City</th><td class="infobox-data">1892</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">Mayor-council city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Breanna Lungo-Koehn</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">8.66 sq mi (22.43 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">8.10 sq mi (20.98 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.56 sq mi (1.45 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">14 ft (4 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">59,659</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">7,366.22/sq mi (2,844.14/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Standard_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Standard Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ZIP Codes</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">02153, 02155–02156</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_781" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 781">781</a>/<a href="/wiki/Area_code_339" class="mw-redirect" title="Area code 339">339</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">25-39835</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature ID</th><td class="infobox-data">0612778</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medfordma.org/">https://www.medfordma.org/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Medford</b> is a city 6.7 miles (10.8 km) northwest of downtown <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County, Massachusetts</a>, United States. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, Medford's population was 59,659. It is home to <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>, which has its campus on both sides of the Medford and <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a> border. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_history">Indigenous history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Indigenous history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wood_1634_Medford_Detail.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Wood_1634_Medford_Detail.png/296px-Wood_1634_Medford_Detail.png" decoding="async" width="296" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Wood_1634_Medford_Detail.png 1.5x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="247" /></a><figcaption>Detail of William Wood's 1634 map of New England, showing Naumkeag sachem Wonohaquaham, known by English colonists as Sagamore John, in Medford<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> inhabited the area that would become Medford for thousands of years prior to <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization of the Americas</a>. At the time of European contact and exploration, Medford was the winter home of the <a href="/wiki/Naumkeag_people" title="Naumkeag people">Naumkeag</a> people, who farmed corn and created fishing weirs at multiple sites along the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naumkeag <a href="/wiki/Sachem" title="Sachem">sachem</a> <a href="/wiki/Nanepashemet" title="Nanepashemet">Nanepashemet</a> was killed and buried at his fortification in present-day Medford during a war with the <a href="/wiki/Tarrantine" title="Tarrantine">Tarrantines</a> in 1619.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contact period introduced several European infectious diseases which would decimate native populations in <a href="/wiki/Virgin_soil_epidemic" title="Virgin soil epidemic">virgin soil epidemics</a>, including a smallpox epidemic which in 1633 killed Nanepashemet's sons, sachems <a href="/wiki/Montowampate" title="Montowampate">Montowompate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wonohaquaham" title="Wonohaquaham">Wonohaquaham</a>. Sagamore Park in West Medford is a native burial site from the contact period, which includes the remains of a likely sachem, either Nanepashemet or Wonohaquaham.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1633 epidemic, Nanepashemet's widow, known only as the <a href="/wiki/Squaw_Sachem_of_Mistick" title="Squaw Sachem of Mistick">Squaw Sachem of Mistick</a>, led the Naumkeag, and over the next two decades would deed large parts of Naumkeag territory to English settlers. In 1639, the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Court" title="Massachusetts General Court">Massachusetts General Court</a> purchased the land that would become present-day Medford, then within the boundaries of <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Boston" title="Charlestown, Boston">Charlestown</a>, from the Squaw Sachem.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 17th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medford was settled in 1630 by English colonists as part of <a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Boston" title="Charlestown, Boston">Charlestown</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>. The settlement was originally called "Mistick" by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a>, based on the <a href="/wiki/Massachusett_language" title="Massachusett language">Massachusett</a> name for <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">the area's river</a>. Thomas Dudley's party renamed the settlement "Meadford".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name may have come from a description of the "<a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadow</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_(river)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford (river)">ford</a>" in the Mystic River, or from two locations in England that Cradock may have known: the hamlet of Mayford or Metford in <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a> near <a href="/wiki/Caverswall" title="Caverswall">Caverswall</a>, or from the parish of Maidford or Medford (now <a href="/wiki/Towcester" title="Towcester">Towcester</a>, Northamptonshire).<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Middlesex_County,_p._158_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Middlesex_County,_p._158-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1634, the land north of the Mystic River was developed as the private plantation of <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Cradock" title="Matthew Cradock">Matthew Cradock</a>, a former governor. Across the river was <a href="/wiki/Ten_Hills_Farm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Hills Farm">Ten Hills Farm</a>, which belonged to <a href="/wiki/John_Winthrop" title="John Winthrop">John Winthrop</a>, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg/220px-Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg/330px-Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg/440px-Cradock_Bridge_stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>A stone with the dates of the early Cradock Bridge in Medford</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1637, the first bridge (a <a href="/wiki/Toll_bridge" title="Toll bridge">toll bridge</a>) across the Mystic River was built at the site of the present-day Cradock Bridge, which carries Main Street into Medford Square.<sup id="cite_ref-patch_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It would be the only bridge across the Mystic until 1787, and as such became a major route for traffic coming into Boston from the north (though ferries and fords were also used).<sup id="cite_ref-mhs_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bridge would be rebuilt in 1880, 1909, and 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-patch_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-patch-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1656, all of northern Medford was owned by Cradock, his heirs, or Edward Collins. Medford was governed as a "peculiar" or private plantation. As the land began to be divided among several people from different families, the new owners began to meet and make decisions locally and increasingly independently from the Charlestown town meeting. In 1674, a Board of Selectmen was elected; in 1684, the colonial legislature granted the ability to raise money independently; and in 1689, a representative to the legislature was chosen. The town got its religious meeting room in 1690 and a secular meeting house in 1696.<sup id="cite_ref-mhs_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1692, the town engaged its first ordained preacher, Rev. <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Sr." title="John Hancock Sr.">John Hancock Sr.</a>. During his time of service, Rev. Hancock lived in Medford, serving until November 1693. One of his grandsons was <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>, who was a later notable figure of the American Revolutionary War and later elected as first and third governor of Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-mhs_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hooper62_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooper62-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_and_19th_centuries">18th and 19th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 18th and 19th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The land south of the Mystic River, present-day <a href="/wiki/South_Medford,_Massachusetts" title="South Medford, Massachusetts">South Medford</a>, was originally known as "Mistick Field". It was transferred from Charlestown to Medford in 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This grant also included the "Charlestown woodlots" (the Medford part of the Middlesex Fells), and part of what was at the time <a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other parts of Medford were transferred from Charlestown in 1811, Winchester in 1850 ("Upper Medford"), and Malden in 1879. Additional land was transferred to Medford from Malden (1817), Everett (1875), and Malden (1877) again.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Middlesex_County,_p._158_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Middlesex_County,_p._158-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mhs3_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Medford rose from 230 in 1700 to 1,114 in 1800. After 1880, the population rapidly expanded, reaching 18,244 by 1900.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmland was divided into lots and sold to build residential and commercial buildings, starting in the 1840s and 1850s; government services expanded with the population (schools, police, post office) and technological advancement (gas lighting, electricity, telephones, railways).<sup id="cite_ref-mhs3_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tufts University was chartered in 1852 and the <a href="/wiki/Crane_Theological_School" title="Crane Theological School">Crane Theological School</a> at Tufts opened in 1869. In 1865, the <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Rifles" title="Lawrence Rifles">Lawrence Rifles</a> volunteer militia company was formed in Medford during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. </p><p>Medford was incorporated as a city in 1892, and was a center of industry, including the manufacture of <a href="/wiki/Tile" title="Tile">tiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cracker_(food)" title="Cracker (food)">crackers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cityhistory_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cityhistory-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bricks,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rum" title="Rum">rum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">clipper</a> ships,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <i><a href="/wiki/White_Swallow_(clipper)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Swallow (clipper)">White Swallow</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_(clipper)" title="Kingfisher (clipper)">Kingfisher</a></i>, both built by Hayden & Cudworth.<sup id="cite_ref-gleason_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gleason-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 17th century, a handful of major public roads (High Street, Main Street, Salem Street, "the road to Stoneham", and South Street) served the population, but the road network started a long-term expansion in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Medford Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1803 and (as was reasonably common at the time) turned what is now Mystic Avenue over to the city in 1866. The Andover Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1805 and turned what is now Forest Street and Fellsway West over to Medford in 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-mhs3_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other major commercial transportation projects included the <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Canal" title="Middlesex Canal">Middlesex Canal</a> by 1803,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Lowell_Railroad" title="Boston and Lowell Railroad">Boston and Lowell Railroad</a> in West Medford in the 1830s, and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Maine_Railroad" title="Boston and Maine Railroad">Boston and Maine Railroad</a> to Medford Center in 1847. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horse-powered street railway</a> began running to Somerville and Charlestown in 1860. The street railway network expanded in the hands of various private companies and went electric in the late 1890s when trolleys to Everett and downtown Boston were available.<sup id="cite_ref-mhs3_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mhs3-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Streetcars were converted to buses in the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">Interstate 93</a> was constructed between 1956 and 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spongy_moth">Spongy moth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spongy moth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1868, a French <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> and naturalist, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Trouvelot" class="mw-redirect" title="Leopold Trouvelot">Leopold Trouvelot</a>, was attempting to breed a better <a href="/wiki/Silkworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkworm">silkworm</a> using <a href="/wiki/Spongy_moth" class="mw-redirect" title="Spongy moth">spongy moths</a>. Several <a href="/wiki/Moth" title="Moth">moths</a> escaped from his home at 27 Myrtle Street. Within ten years, the insect had denuded the vegetation in the neighborhood. It spread over North America.<sup id="cite_ref-forbush_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-forbush-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holiday_songs">Holiday songs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Holiday songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Simpson's Tavern, a tavern and boarding house on High Street, in the late 19th century, resident <a href="/wiki/James_Pierpont_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Pierpont (musician)">James Pierpont</a> is rumored to have written "<a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a>" after watching a <a href="/wiki/Sleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleigh">sleigh</a> race from Medford to <a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a>. There is also a claim that Pierpont wrote it while he was the music director at <a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Church_(Savannah,_Georgia)" title="Unitarian Universalist Church (Savannah, Georgia)">Unitarian Universalist Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Savannah,_Georgia" title="Savannah, Georgia">Savannah, Georgia</a>. He copyrighted the song while there.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wsav_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wsav-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another resident, <a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a> (1802–1880), made a poem out of the trip across town to her <a href="/wiki/Grandfather%27s_House" title="Grandfather's House">grandparents' house</a>, now the song "<a href="/wiki/Over_the_River_and_Through_the_Wood" title="Over the River and Through the Wood">Over the River and Through the Wood</a>". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_notables">Other notables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other notables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg/220px-View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg/330px-View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg/440px-View_of_the_bridge_over_mystic_river.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="914" /></a><figcaption>1790 bird's-eye view from <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill" title="Battle of Bunker Hill">Bunker Hill</a> of the "Malden Bridge" across the <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a>, with Medford in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PompsWall4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PompsWall4.jpg/220px-PompsWall4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PompsWall4.jpg/330px-PompsWall4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/PompsWall4.jpg/440px-PompsWall4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Pomp's Wall and Historical Marker</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere" title="Paul Revere">Paul Revere</a>'s famous midnight ride traveled along Main Street and continued onto High Street in Medford Square. An annual re-enactment honors the historic event. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tufts_House" title="Peter Tufts House">Peter Tufts House</a> (350 Riverside Ave.) is thought to be the oldest all-brick building in New England. Another important site is the "Slave Wall" on Grove Street, built by "Pomp",<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an enslaved person owned by the prominent Brooks family.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Royall_House_and_Slave_Quarters" title="Royall House and Slave Quarters">Royall House and Slave Quarters</a>, which once belonged to one of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>'s founders, <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Royall,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Royall, Jr.">Isaac Royall, Jr.</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> and a local history museum. The house was used by <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> troops, including <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stark" title="John Stark">John Stark</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a>, an American industrialist and one of John Brown's <a href="/wiki/Secret_Six" title="Secret Six">Secret Six</a>. His passion for the abolitionist cause shaped his life, bringing him into contact with the likes of <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> and starting <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></i> magazine. He was given the rank of major by Massachusetts Governor <a href="/wiki/John_Albion_Andrew" title="John Albion Andrew">John Andrew</a> and spent most of the Civil War recruiting for the <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry">54th</a> and <a href="/wiki/55th_Massachusetts_Infantry_Regiment" title="55th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment">55th Massachusetts regiments</a> and the 5th cavalry. </p><p>Medford was home to <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Farmer" title="Fannie Farmer">Fannie Farmer</a>, author of one of the world's most famous cookbooks—as well as James Plimpton, the man credited with the 1863 invention of the first practical four-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Roller_skate" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller skate">roller skate</a>, which set off a roller craze that quickly spread across the United States and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a> lived in Medford while working as a social worker in 1925. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Short" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Short">Elizabeth Short</a>, the victim of an infamous Hollywood murder and who became known as <a href="/wiki/Black_Dahlia" title="Black Dahlia">The Black Dahlia</a>, was born in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Boston" title="Hyde Park, Boston">Hyde Park</a> (the southernmost neighborhood of the city of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, Massachusetts) but raised in Medford before going to the West Coast looking for fame. </p><p>Medford has sent more than its share of athletes to the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Bates" title="Shawn Bates">Shawn Bates</a>, though born in <a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a>, grew up in Medford, as did <a href="/wiki/Keith_Tkachuk" title="Keith Tkachuk">Keith Tkachuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Morrison_(ice_hockey)" title="Mike Morrison (ice hockey)">Mike Morrison</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Sacco" title="David Sacco">David Sacco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco_(ice_hockey)" title="Joe Sacco (ice hockey)">Joe Sacco</a>. Former Red Sox pitcher <a href="/wiki/Bill_Monbouquette" title="Bill Monbouquette">Bill Monbouquette</a> grew up in Medford, as did former Major League Baseball infielder <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pagliarulo" title="Mike Pagliarulo">Mike Pagliarulo</a>. </p><p>Medford was home to <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a> He was the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a> from 2002 to 2013. Mayor Bloomberg attended Medford High School and resided in Medford until after he graduated from college at Johns Hopkins University.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His mother remained a resident of Medford until her death in 2011. </p><p>The only cryobank of <a href="/wiki/Amniotic_stem_cells" title="Amniotic stem cells">amniotic stem cells</a> in the United States is located in Medford, built by <a href="/wiki/Biocell_Center" title="Biocell Center">Biocell Center</a>, a biotechnology company led by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Simoni" title="Giuseppe Simoni">Giuseppe Simoni</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notorious_crimes">Notorious crimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notorious crimes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medford was the location of some infamous crimes: </p> <ul><li>One of the biggest bank robberies and jewel heists in world history<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> happened on Memorial Day weekend in 1980, when several crooked officers of the Medford Police and Metropolitan District Commission Police forces robbed the Depositors Trust Bank in Medford Square, yielding an estimated $25 million. The book <i>The Cops Are Robbers: A Convicted Cop's True Story of Police Corruption</i> is based upon this event. Salvatore's Restaurant, now known as "The Vault", located at 55 High Street in Medford Square, is partially in the same location as the bank that was robbed. The private dining room in the restaurant uses the bank's vault door as an entrance way, and the hole in the corner of the ceiling that the robbers crawled through was left intact for nostalgia.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>An admitted Mob execution by <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Winter_Hill_Gang" title="Winter Hill Gang">Winter Hill Gang</a> of Joe "Indian-Joe" Notarangeli took place on April 19, 1973 at the "Pewter Pot" café in Medford Square, now called the "Lighthouse Cafe."<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 1989, the FBI recorded a <a href="/wiki/American_Mafia_induction_rituals" class="mw-redirect" title="American Mafia induction rituals">Mafia initiation ceremony</a> held by the <a href="/wiki/Patriarca_crime_family" title="Patriarca crime family">Patriarca crime family</a> at a home on Guild St. in Medford.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medford is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Medford,_Massachusetts&params=42_25_12_N_71_6_29_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°25′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°6′29″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.42000°N 71.10806°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.42000; -71.10806</span></span></span></a></span></span> (42.419996, −71.107942).<sup id="cite_ref-GR1_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR1-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, the city has a total area of 8.6 square miles (22 km<sup>2</sup>), of which 8.1 square miles (21 km<sup>2</sup>) is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km<sup>2</sup>) (5.79%) is water. </p><p>A park called the <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_Fells_Reservation" title="Middlesex Fells Reservation">Middlesex Fells Reservation</a>, to the north, lies partly within the city. This 2,060-acre (8 km<sup>2</sup>) preserve is shared by Medford with the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoneham,_Massachusetts" title="Stoneham, Massachusetts">Stoneham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mystic_River" title="Mystic River">Mystic River</a> flows roughly west to southeast through the middle of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People from Medford often identify themselves with a particular neighborhood. </p> <ul><li>West Medford <ul><li>Brooks Estates</li></ul></li> <li>Fulton Heights/The Heights (North Medford)</li> <li>Wellington (East Medford)</li> <li>Glenwood</li> <li>Lawrence Estates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Medford,_Massachusetts" title="South Medford, Massachusetts">South Medford</a></li> <li>Medford Hillside <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> (mostly contiguous, situated on Medford Hillside)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_locations_by_per_capita_income" title="List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income">List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1790_United_States_census" title="1790 United States census">1790</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,029</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,114</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,443</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,474</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,755</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,478</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">3,749</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+51.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,842</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,717</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">7,573</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+32.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">11,079</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+46.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,244</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+64.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">23,150</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">39,038</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+68.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">59,714</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+53.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">63,083</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">66,113</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,971</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">64,397</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">58,076</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−9.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">57,407</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">55,765</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−2.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,173</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">59,659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023*</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,744</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">* = population estimate. <br />Source: <a href="/wiki/United_States_census" title="United States census">United States census</a> records and <a href="/wiki/Population_Estimates_Program" title="Population Estimates Program">Population Estimates Program</a> data.<sup id="cite_ref-2010_Census_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010_Census-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2000-2009_PopulationEstimates_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2000-2009_PopulationEstimates-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1990_Census_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1990_Census-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1980_Census_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1980_Census-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1950_Census_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1950_Census-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1920_Census_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1920_Census-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1890_Census_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1890_Census-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1870_Census_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1870_Census-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1860_Census_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1860_Census-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1850_Census_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1850_Census-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1950_Census_Urban_populations_since_1790_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1950_Census_Urban_populations_since_1790-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />Source: <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Irish Americans have a strong presence in the city and live in all areas. <a href="/wiki/South_Medford,_Massachusetts" title="South Medford, Massachusetts">South Medford</a> is a traditionally Italian neighborhood. West Medford, the most affluent of Medford's many neighborhoods, was once the bastion of some of Boston's elite families—including <a href="/wiki/Peter_Chardon_Brooks" title="Peter Chardon Brooks">Peter Chardon Brooks</a>, one of the wealthiest men in post-colonial America and father-in-law to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Francis Adams, Sr.">Charles Francis Adams</a>—and is also home to a historic <a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">African-American neighborhood</a> that dates to the Civil War.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2021 and 2022, the United States Census Bureau ranked Medford as having one of the nation's fastest-growing populations.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of the census<sup id="cite_ref-GR2_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GR2-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of 2010, there were 56,173 people, 22,810 households, and 13,207 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,859.9 inhabitants per square mile (2,648.6/km<sup>2</sup>). There were 24,046 housing units at an average density of 2,796.0 per square mile (1,079.5/km<sup>2</sup>). The racial makeup of the city was 78.6% <a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a>, 8.80% <a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">African American</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a>, 6.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a>, 0.01% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)">Pacific Islander</a>, 2.8% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 2.7% from two or more races. <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> of any race were 4.4% of the population. </p><p>There were 22,810 households, of which 22.3% had children under 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.1% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.00. </p><p>The population was spread out in the city, with 13.8% under the age of 15, 14.3% from 15 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.4 males.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The median income for a household in the city was $52,476, and the median income for a family was $62,409. Males had a median income of $41,704 versus $34,948 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,707. About 4.1% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. </p><p>Medford has three <a href="/wiki/Public,_educational,_and_government_access" class="mw-redirect" title="Public, educational, and government access">Public, educational, and government access</a> (PEG) cable TV channels. The <a href="/wiki/Public-access_television" title="Public-access television">Public-access television</a> channel is <a href="/wiki/TV3_Medford" class="mw-redirect" title="TV3 Medford">TV3</a>, The <a href="/wiki/Distance_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Distance learning">Educational-access television</a> is channel 15, and 16 is the <a href="/wiki/Government-access_television" title="Government-access television">Government-access television</a> (GATV) municipal channel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medford is home to many schools, public and private. </p> <dl><dt><b>Elementary</b></dt></dl> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Public</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medford_Public_Schools#Elementary_Schools" title="Medford Public Schools">Medford Public Schools § Elementary Schools</a></div> <ul><li>Missituk Elementary School</li> <li>Brooks Elementary School</li> <li>John J. McGlynn Elementary School</li> <li>Milton Fuller Roberts Elementary School</li></ul> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Private (non-sectarian)</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <ul><li>Eliot-Pearson Children's School (Pre-K–2)<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gentle-Dragon Preschool (Pre-K)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Merry-Go-Round Nursery School (Pre-K)</li> <li>Play Academy Learning Center (Pre-K–K)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Oakland Park Children's Center (Pre-K)</li> <li>Six Acres Nursery School (Pre-K–K) (non-sectarian, but run through Medford Jewish Community Center)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Private (sectarian)</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <ul><li>St. Joseph's (K–8)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>St. Raphael's (Pre-K–8)<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><b>Middle School</b></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medford_Public_Schools#Secondary_Schools" title="Medford Public Schools">Medford Public Schools § Secondary Schools</a></div> <ul><li>John J. McGlynn Middle School</li> <li>Madeline Dugger Andrews Middle School</li></ul> <dl><dt><b>High School</b></dt></dl> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Public</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Medford_Public_Schools#Secondary_Schools" title="Medford Public Schools">Medford Public Schools § Secondary Schools</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medford_High_School_(Massachusetts)" title="Medford High School (Massachusetts)">Medford High School</a></li> <li>Medford Vocational Technical High School <ul><li>Mascot: Mustang</li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dt><b>College</b></dt></dl> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Private</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><b>Miscellaneous education</b></dt></dl> <dl><dt><dl><dt><b>Private</b></dt></dl></dt></dl> <ul><li>The Greater Boston Japanese Language School<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ボストン補習授業校</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Bosuton Hoshū Jugyō Kō</i></span>)</span>, a <a href="/wiki/Hoshuko" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoshuko">supplementary school for Japanese people</a>, holds classes at Medford High. Its weekday offices are in <a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="toccolours"> <caption><b>County government: <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex County</a></b> </caption> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Court_clerk" title="Court clerk">Clerk of Courts</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Sullivan_(politician)" title="Michael A. Sullivan (politician)">Michael A. Sullivan</a> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a>: </th> <td>Marian Ryan </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Recorder_of_deeds" title="Recorder of deeds">Register of Deeds</a>: </th> <td>Richard P. Howe, Jr. (North at Lowell)<br /> Eugene C. Brune (South at Cambridge) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Probate" title="Probate">Register of Probate</a>: </th> <td>Tara E. DeCristofaro </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">County Sheriff</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Koutoujian" title="Peter Koutoujian">Peter Koutoujian</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">State government </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">State Representative(s)</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Donato" title="Paul Donato">Paul Donato</a> (D) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sean_Garballey" title="Sean Garballey">Sean Garballey</a> (D) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Christine_Barber" title="Christine Barber">Christine Barber</a> (D) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">State Senator(s)</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Patricia_D._Jehlen" title="Patricia D. Jehlen">Patricia D. Jehlen</a> (D, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate%27s_2nd_Middlesex_district" title="Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Middlesex district">2nd Middlesex district</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Governor%27s_Council" title="Massachusetts Governor's Council">Governor's Councilor(s)</a>: </th> <td>Terrence W. Kennedy (D) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Federal government </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. Representative(s)</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a> (D-<a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives,_Massachusetts_District_5" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives, Massachusetts District 5">5th District</a>) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th align="right"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senators</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D), <a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Ed Markey</a> (D) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6">Voter registration and party enrollment as of August 24, 2024<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Party </th> <th>Number of voters </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#DDDDBB; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td>Unaffiliated </td> <td style="text-align:center;">25,394 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">55.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#3333FF; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">15,225 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">37.88% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#E81B23; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">2,156 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FED105; color:inherit; width:0.3em;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">102 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">0.25% </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Total </th> <th style="text-align:center;">43,137 </th> <th style="text-align:center;">100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Breanna Lungo-Koehn, Mayor<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Adam L. Hurtubise, City Clerk<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Nina Nazarian, Chief of Staff<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>City Council </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Isaac B. "Zac" Bears, President</li> <li>Kit Collins, Vice President</li> <li>Anna Callahan</li> <li>Emily Lazzaro</li> <li>Matt Leming</li> <li>George A. Scarpelli</li> <li>Justin Tseng</li></ul> </div><p><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>School Committee </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Breanna Lungo-Koehn, Chair</li> <li>Jenny R. Graham, Vice Chair</li> <li>Nicole Branley</li> <li>John Intoppa</li> <li>Aaron Olapade</li> <li>Erika Reinfeld</li> <li>Paul Ruseau, Secretary</li></ul> </div> <p><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_media_and_news">Local media and news</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Local media and news"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The City of Medford has several local news and media outlets: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print">Print</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Print"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Transcript_%26_Journal" title="The Transcript & Journal">The Transcript & Journal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford_Daily_Mercury_%E2%80%93_1880%E2%80%932017&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medford Daily Mercury – 1880–2017 (page does not exist)"><i>Medford Daily Mercury</i> – 1880–2017</a><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tufts_Daily" title="The Tufts Daily">The Tufts Daily</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation_2">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three <a href="/wiki/MBTA_subway" title="MBTA subway">MBTA subway</a> stations are located in Medford: <a href="/wiki/Wellington_station_(MBTA)" title="Wellington station (MBTA)">Wellington</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(MBTA)" title="Orange Line (MBTA)">Orange Line</a>, plus <a href="/wiki/Medford/Tufts_station" title="Medford/Tufts station">Medford/Tufts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ball_Square_station" title="Ball Square station">Ball Square</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">Green Line</a>. The <a href="/wiki/MBTA_Commuter_Rail" title="MBTA Commuter Rail">MBTA Commuter Rail</a> <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Line" title="Lowell Line">Lowell Line</a> stops at <a href="/wiki/West_Medford_station" title="West Medford station">West Medford</a>. Medford is served by <a href="/wiki/MBTA_bus" title="MBTA bus">MBTA bus</a> local routes 80, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 108, 134, and 710, plus express routes 325 and 326. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interstate_93" title="Interstate 93">Interstate 93</a> travels roughly north–south through the city. State routes passing through Medford include <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_16" title="Massachusetts Route 16">16</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_28" title="Massachusetts Route 28">28</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_38" title="Massachusetts Route 38">38</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_60" title="Massachusetts Route 60">60</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Points_of_interest">Points of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Points of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Registered_Historic_Places_in_Medford,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Registered Historic Places in Medford, Massachusetts">List of Registered Historic Places in Medford, Massachusetts</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1852_Middlesex_Canal_(Massachusetts)_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg/250px-1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg/375px-1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg/500px-1852_Middlesex_Canal_%28Massachusetts%29_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2310" data-file-height="3365" /></a><figcaption>1852 map of Boston area showing Medford and rail lines</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THATCHER_MAGOUN_(Ship)_(c112-02-34).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg/250px-THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg/375px-THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg/500px-THATCHER_MAGOUN_%28Ship%29_%28c112-02-34%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="739" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>Clipper ship <i><a href="/wiki/Thatcher_Magoun_(clipper)" title="Thatcher Magoun (clipper)">Thatcher Magoun</a></i></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a>: Though the Tufts campus is mainly located in Medford, the <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a>–Medford border actually runs through it. The school employs many local residents and has many community service projects that serve the city, especially those run through the Leonard Carmichael Society and the <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_M._Tisch_College_of_Citizenship_and_Public_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service">Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service</a>, the latter of which especially emphasizes public service in Tufts' host communities.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royall_House_and_Slave_Quarters" title="Royall House and Slave Quarters">Royall House and Slave Quarters</a>, the only surviving slave quarters in Massachusetts, a 1692 house operating as a non-profit museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Church_of_Medford_and_The_Osgood_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford and The Osgood House">The Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford</a>: Medford's first religious community since 1690.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a> residence, 76 Brooks Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wade_House" title="John Wade House">John Wade House</a>, built 1784, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975</li> <li>Former site of <a href="/wiki/Fannie_Farmer" title="Fannie Farmer">Fannie Farmer</a>'s house, corner of Paris & Salem Streets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandfather%27s_House" title="Grandfather's House">Grandfather's House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Episcopal_Church_(Medford,_Massachusetts)" title="Grace Episcopal Church (Medford, Massachusetts)">Grace Church</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/H._H._Richardson" class="mw-redirect" title="H. H. Richardson">H. H. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_Research_Foundation" title="Gravity Research Foundation">Gravity Research Foundation</a> monument at Tufts University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bradlee_Jr._House" title="Henry Bradlee Jr. House">Henry Bradlee Jr. House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingle_Bells" title="Jingle Bells">Jingle Bells</a> historical marker, High Street</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem_Street_Burying_Ground" title="Salem Street Burying Ground">Salem Street Burying Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Ship_Street_Historic_District" title="Old Ship Street Historic District">Old Ship Street Historic District</a>: Area around Riverside Ave (formerly Ship Street) containing many historic homes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office%E2%80%93Medford_Main" title="United States Post Office–Medford Main">United States Post Office–Medford Main</a>, historic 1937 building</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Adams_(actor)" title="Edwin Adams (actor)">Edwin Adams</a> (1834–1877), stage comedian of the 19th century<sup id="cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Antonelli" title="Lou Antonelli">Lou Antonelli</a>, science fiction writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea_Ballou_II" title="Hosea Ballou II">Rev. Hosea Ballou II</a>, Minister of 1st Universalist and first president of Tufts College</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Bates" title="Shawn Bates">Shawn Bates</a>, professional hockey player, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Islanders" title="New York Islanders">New York Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(rapper)" title="Bia (rapper)">Bia</a>, rapper, singer, and model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Biel" title="Jessica Biel">Jessica Biel</a>, actress, resident while attending Tufts University</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heber_R._Bishop" title="Heber R. Bishop">Heber R. Bishop</a> (1840–1902), industrialist and financier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a>, mayor of New York City (2002–2013)<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Bozzio" title="Dale Bozzio">Dale Bozzio</a>, lead singer of <a href="/wiki/Missing_Persons_(band)" title="Missing Persons (band)">Missing Persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foghorn_Bradley" title="Foghorn Bradley">Foghorn Bradley</a>, was a baseball player and umpire in Major League Baseball</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_L._Brooks" title="Hall L. Brooks">Hall L. Brooks</a>, former member of the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_State_Assembly" title="Wisconsin State Assembly">Wisconsin State Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loren_Bouchard" title="Loren Bouchard">Loren Bouchard</a>, animator, musician, filmmaker, creator and showrunner of <i><a href="/wiki/Bob%27s_Burgers" title="Bob's Burgers">Bob's Burgers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carew" title="Mary Carew">Mary Carew</a>, Olympic gold medalist sprinter, born in Medford</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terri_Lyne_Carrington" title="Terri Lyne Carrington">Terri Lyne Carrington</a>, jazz drummer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ciardi" title="John Ciardi">John Ciardi</a>, poet and translator of <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a>, anti-slavery activist, writer of the poem "Over the River and Through the Woods"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coakley" title="Martha Coakley">Martha Coakley</a>, former attorney general of Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Coleman_(baseball,_born_1922)" title="Joe Coleman (baseball, born 1922)">Joe Coleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cummings_(philanthropist)" title="Bill Cummings (philanthropist)">Bill Cummings</a>, philanthropist, real estate mogul</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O._Curtis" title="James O. Curtis">James O. Curtis</a> (1804–1890), Medford shipbuilder who built ships powered by sail or by screw and steam</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thayer_David" title="Thayer David">Thayer David</a>, TV and film character actor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dugger" title="Edward Dugger">Edward Dugger</a> (1894–1939), African American military commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a>, pioneer aviator, born in Kansas, lived in Medford as a young woman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Fama" title="Eugene Fama">Eugene Fama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Farmer" title="Fannie Farmer">Fannie Farmer</a>, culinary expert</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fontaine" title="Frank Fontaine">Frank Fontaine</a>, comedian and singer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Geary" title="Paul Geary">Paul Geary</a>, former drummer of hard rock band <a href="/wiki/Extreme_(band)" title="Extreme (band)">Extreme</a>, music manager for acts such as <a href="/wiki/Godsmack" title="Godsmack">Godsmack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Giacchetto" title="Dana Giacchetto">Dana Giacchetto</a>, American stockbroker and financial criminal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_L._Gropman" title="Alan L. Gropman">Alan L. Gropman</a>, military officer, college professor, and author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_States)" title="Colonel (United States)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Needles_Hallowell" title="Edward Needles Hallowell">Edward Needles Hallowell</a>, merchant and commander of <a href="/wiki/54th_Massachusetts_Volunteer_Infantry" class="mw-redirect" title="54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry">54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Sr." title="John Hancock Sr.">John Hancock Sr.</a>, first ordained preacher of Medford, lived and served in Medford 1692–1693, grandfather to <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock" title="John Hancock">John Hancock</a>, Governor of Massachusetts and famous revolutionary figure<sup id="cite_ref-hooper62_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hooper62-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hanley_(sound_engineer)" title="Bill Hanley (sound engineer)">Bill Hanley</a>, audio pioneer, sound engineer, "Father of Festival Sound"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kelly_(comedian)" title="Robert Kelly (comedian)">Robert Kelly</a>, comedian known for <i><a href="/wiki/Tourgasm" title="Tourgasm">Tourgasm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_McCartney_(dean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathleen McCartney (dean)">Kathleen McCartney</a>, president of Smith College, former dean of <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> Graduate School of Education</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McDowell_(author)" title="Michael McDowell (author)">Michael McDowell</a>, screenwriter of <i><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nightmare_Before_Christmas" title="The Nightmare Before Christmas">The Nightmare Before Christmas</a></i> and author of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Gothic" title="Southern Gothic">Southern Gothic</a> novels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_McGillivray" title="Dave McGillivray">Dave McGillivray</a>, race director of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Menounos" title="Maria Menounos">Maria Menounos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miss_Massachusetts_Teen_USA" title="Miss Massachusetts Teen USA">Miss Massachusetts Teen USA</a> 1996, media personality (<i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Tonight" title="Entertainment Tonight">Entertainment Tonight</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Access_Hollywood" title="Access Hollywood">Access Hollywood</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Extra_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Extra (U.S. TV program)">Extra</a></i>), actress, professional wrestler, hostess of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">Eurovision Song Contest 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Monbouquette" title="Bill Monbouquette">Bill Monbouquette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> pitcher 1958–1968 (Red Sox, Tigers, Yankees)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Morrill" title="Priscilla Morrill">Priscilla Morrill</a>, actress, played <a href="/wiki/List_of_other_characters_on_The_Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="List of other characters on The Mary Tyler Moore Show">Edie Grant</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Mary_Tyler_Moore_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Tyler Moore Show">Mary Tyler Moore Show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forbes_Nash" class="mw-redirect" title="John Forbes Nash">John Forbes Nash</a>, Princeton professor, winner of Nobel Prize in Economics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julianne_Nicholson" title="Julianne Nicholson">Julianne Nicholson</a>, actress (<i><a href="/wiki/Ally_McBeal" title="Ally McBeal">Ally McBeal</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Law_and_Order:_Criminal_Intent" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Order: Criminal Intent">Law and Order: Criminal Intent</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/August:_Osage_County_(film)" title="August: Osage County (film)">August: Osage County</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Ohanian" title="Alexis Ohanian">Alexis Ohanian</a>, founder of reddit</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pagliarulo" title="Mike Pagliarulo">Mike Pagliarulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> player (Yankees, Twins, Padres, Rangers, Orioles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Petrucci" title="Sam Petrucci">Sam Petrucci</a>, Graphic Designer, Original GI Joe artist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Pierpont_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="James Pierpont (musician)">James Pierpont</a>, writer of "Jingle Bells"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pierpont" title="John Pierpont">Rev. John Pierpont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Pizzano" title="Charles H. Pizzano">Charles H. Pizzano</a> noted sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Posselt" title="Ruth Posselt">Ruth Posselt</a>, classical violinist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_H._Preston" title="Guy H. Preston">Guy H. Preston</a>, US Army brigadier general</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Richardson" title="Robert D. Richardson">Robert D. Richardson</a>, historian, grew up in the Osgood House</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Zebina_Ripley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Zebina Ripley">William Zebina Ripley</a>, economist and <a href="/wiki/Race_(classification_of_human_beings)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (classification of human beings)">racial</a> theorist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Roopenian" title="Mark Roopenian">Mark Roopenian</a>, NFL player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Royall,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Royall, Jr.">Isaac Royall, Jr.</a>, 18th century benefactor of Harvard, and the largest enslaver in Massachusetts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sacco" title="David Sacco">David Sacco</a>, NHL player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco_(ice_hockey)" title="Joe Sacco (ice hockey)">Joe Sacco</a>, NHL player and coach</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a>, scientist, father of <a href="/wiki/Information_Theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Theory">Information Theory</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Digital_communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital communications">digital communications</a><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Short" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Short">Elizabeth Short</a>, aspiring actress, mutilated and murdered, dubbed the "<a href="/wiki/Black_Dahlia" title="Black Dahlia">Black Dahlia</a>" by the press</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a>, Nobel Prize–winning American <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Silva_(linguist)" title="David Silva (linguist)">David Silva</a>, Provost and Academic Vice President at <a href="/wiki/Salem_State_University" title="Salem State University">Salem State University</a>, linguistics scholar, essayist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Skinner_(minister)" title="Clarence Skinner (minister)">Rev. Clarence Skinner</a>, Dean of Religion at Tufts University, minister Hillside Universalist Church (1917–1920), theologian and pacifist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Sliney" title="Ben Sliney">Ben Sliney</a>, <a href="/wiki/FAA" class="mw-redirect" title="FAA">FAA</a> National Operations Manager during the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> who ordered closure of U.S. air space</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Staines" title="Bill Staines">Bill Staines</a>, folk musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Luther_Stearns" title="George Luther Stearns">George Luther Stearns</a>, industrialist, one of John Brown's Secret Six, lead recruiter of 54th and 55th Regiments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_T._Sullivan" title="Mark T. Sullivan">Mark T. Sullivan</a>, author who has written novels on his own and has co-authored three <a href="/wiki/James_Patterson" title="James Patterson">James Patterson</a> novels</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belinda_Sutton" title="Belinda Sutton">Belinda Sutton</a>, considered an early activist for reparations for enslavement</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._Leroy_Sweetser" title="E. Leroy Sweetser">E. Leroy Sweetser</a>, U.S. Army brigadier general, born in Medford<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Theroux" title="Alexander Theroux">Alexander Theroux</a>, poet and author of <i><a href="/wiki/Darconville%27s_Cat" title="Darconville's Cat">Darconville's Cat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Theroux" title="Paul Theroux">Paul Theroux</a>, author</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Tkachuk" title="Keith Tkachuk">Keith Tkachuk</a>, NHL player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Tryon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Tryon">Ed Tryon</a>, halfback at Colgate University, elected to College Football Hall of Fame in 1963</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Tufts" title="Bob Tufts">Bob Tufts</a> (1955–2019), Major League Baseball pitcher</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output 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title="Blessing of the Bay">Blessing of the Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fletcher_(Tufts_University)_alumni" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fletcher (Tufts University) alumni">List of Fletcher (Tufts University) alumni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Registered_Historic_Places_in_Medford,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Registered Historic Places in Medford, Massachusetts">List of Registered Historic Places in Medford, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_25.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_25.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:q524n611v">"The south part of New England as it planted this yeare, 1634"</a>. <i>www.digitalcommonwealth.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medfordma.org&rft.atitle=City+of+Medford+%7C+Mayor%27s+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medfordma.org%2Fmayor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medfordma.org/departments/city-clerk/">"City of Medford | City Clerk"</a>. <i>www.medfordma.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medfordma.org&rft.atitle=City+of+Medford+%7C+City+Clerk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medfordma.org%2Fdepartments%2Fcity-clerk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medfordma.org/mayor/mayors-staff/">"City of Medford | Mayor's Staff"</a>. <i>www.medfordma.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medfordma.org&rft.atitle=City+of+Medford+%7C+City+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medfordma.org%2Fcitycouncil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mps02155.org/about/school-committee">"Medford Public Schools | Central Administration"</a>. <i>www.medfordpublicschools.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Perinton, New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wicked+Local&rft.atitle=Medford+Transcript&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wickedlocal.com%2Fmedford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310160037/http://businesses.wickedlocal.com/9783218/Medford-Daily-Mercury-Medford-MA">"Newspapers in Medford, MA"</a>. <i>Wicked Local</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://businesses.wickedlocal.com/9783218/Medford-Daily-Mercury-Medford-MA">the original</a> on March 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wicked+Local&rft.atitle=Newspapers+in+Medford%2C+MA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusinesses.wickedlocal.com%2F9783218%2FMedford-Daily-Mercury-Medford-MA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marquis_1607-1896-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marquis_1607-1896_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607–1896</i>. Marquis Who's Who. 1967.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Was+Who+in+America%2C+Historical+Volume%2C+1607%E2%80%931896&rft.pub=Marquis+Who%27s+Who&rft.date=1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichael_M._Grynbaum2012" class="citation news cs1">Nichael M. Grynbaum (March 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/19/nyregion/bloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html">"Mayor's Ties to Hometown Fade, but for a Few, They Are Still Felt"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mayor%27s+Ties+to+Hometown+Fade%2C+but+for+a+Few%2C+They+Are+Still+Felt&rft.date=2012-03-19&rft.au=Nichael+M.+Grynbaum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F03%2F19%2Fnyregion%2Fbloombergs-hometown-medford-mass-struggles-to-keep-his-attention.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene2018" class="citation book cs1">Keene, Anne R. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyhorsepublishing.com/sports-publishing/9781683582076/the-cloudbuster-nine/"><i>The Cloudbuster Nine</i></a>. New York: Sports Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">297–</span>298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-68358-207-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-68358-207-6"><bdi>978-1-68358-207-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cloudbuster+Nine&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E297-%3C%2Fspan%3E298&rft.pub=Sports+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-68358-207-6&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Anne+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyhorsepublishing.com%2Fsports-publishing%2F9781683582076%2Fthe-cloudbuster-nine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2001/shannon.html">"MIT Professor Claude Shannon dies; was founder of digital communications"</a>. <i>mit.edu</i>. February 27, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mit.edu&rft.atitle=MIT+Professor+Claude+Shannon+dies%3B+was+founder+of+digital+communications&rft.date=2001-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fnewsoffice%2F2001%2Fshannon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1998" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Henry Blaine Jr. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fJvvAAAAMAAJ"><i>Generals In Khaki</i></a>. Raleigh, NC: Pentland Press. p. 355. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5719-7088-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5719-7088-6"><bdi>978-1-5719-7088-6</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generals+In+Khaki&rft.place=Raleigh%2C+NC&rft.pages=355&rft.pub=Pentland+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-5719-7088-6&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Henry+Blaine+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfJvvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedford%2C+Massachusetts" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DW6VGAAACAAJ"><i>Medford on the Mystic</i></a> by Carl and Alan Seaburg, published by Medford Historical Society, is the source of much of the article.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404033909/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_results.asp?ImageType=index&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871"><i>1871 Atlas of Massachusetts</i></a> by Wall & Gray. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404035120/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0010_0011.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix=">Map of Massachusetts</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080404034546/http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0044_0045.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix=">Map of Middlesex County</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?gmd:1:./temp/~ammem_iNph::@@@mdb=lhbcbbib,cdn,ngp,papr,afcwip,gmd,pan,afc911bib,denn,runyon,detr,horyd">1880 <i>Map of Medford</i></a>, Bird's Eye View by C.H Brainard.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=in-5Ueuwn0wC&q=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Medford+intitle:Massachusetts"><i>History of the Town of Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts</i></a> by Charles Brooks, published 1855, 576 pages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historymiddlese00drakgoog/page/n164">History of Middlesex County</a>, Volume II, p. 158 etc. (Medford, by W. H. Whitmore). 1880, published by Estes and Lauriat; edited by Samual Adams Drake</li> <li>Alan Seaburg (2013). <i>The First Universalist Church of Medford, Massachusetts</i>. Billerica: Anne Miniver Press/</li> <li>McDonald, Dennis and Baer, Zachary. <i>Medford Through the Lens</i>. Arcadia Publishing, 2024</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medford,_Massachusetts&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">1911 <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></a> article "<span style="font-weight:bold;"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Medford" class="extiw" title="wikisource:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Medford">Medford</a></span>".</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medford,_Massachusetts" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medford, Massachusetts">Medford, Massachusetts</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medfordma.org/">City Hall's website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medfordhistorical.org/">Medford Historical Society</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts,_United_States945" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Template:Middlesex County, Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Middlesex County, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middlesex County, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts,_United_States945" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts"><span class="region" style="color:#ffffff">Middlesex County, Massachusetts</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><div><a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat"><span style="color:#ffffff">County seats</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff">Cambridge</span></a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff">Lowell</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Cities</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Massachusetts" title="Everett, Massachusetts">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Massachusetts" title="Watertown, Massachusetts">Watertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg/180px-Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg/270px-Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg/360px-Map_of_Massachusetts_highlighting_Middlesex_County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1488" data-file-height="910" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of towns in Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Towns</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton,_Massachusetts" title="Acton, Massachusetts">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashby,_Massachusetts" title="Ashby, Massachusetts">Ashby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Massachusetts" title="Ashland, Massachusetts">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayer,_Massachusetts" title="Ayer, Massachusetts">Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Massachusetts" title="Belmont, Massachusetts">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billerica,_Massachusetts" title="Billerica, Massachusetts">Billerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Boxborough, Massachusetts">Boxborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Massachusetts" title="Burlington, Massachusetts">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Massachusetts" title="Carlisle, Massachusetts">Carlisle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford,_Massachusetts" title="Chelmsford, Massachusetts">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracut,_Massachusetts" title="Dracut, Massachusetts">Dracut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunstable,_Massachusetts" title="Dunstable, Massachusetts">Dunstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groton,_Massachusetts" title="Groton, Massachusetts">Groton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holliston,_Massachusetts" title="Holliston, Massachusetts">Holliston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinton,_Massachusetts" title="Hopkinton, Massachusetts">Hopkinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson,_Massachusetts" title="Hudson, Massachusetts">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Massachusetts" title="Lexington, Massachusetts">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Massachusetts" title="Lincoln, Massachusetts">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton,_Massachusetts" title="Littleton, Massachusetts">Littleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard,_Massachusetts" title="Maynard, Massachusetts">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natick,_Massachusetts" title="Natick, Massachusetts">Natick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Reading,_Massachusetts" title="North Reading, Massachusetts">North Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperell,_Massachusetts" title="Pepperell, Massachusetts">Pepperell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Massachusetts" title="Reading, Massachusetts">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherborn,_Massachusetts" title="Sherborn, Massachusetts">Sherborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley,_Massachusetts" title="Shirley, Massachusetts">Shirley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneham,_Massachusetts" title="Stoneham, Massachusetts">Stoneham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stow,_Massachusetts" title="Stow, Massachusetts">Stow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury,_Massachusetts" title="Sudbury, Massachusetts">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewksbury,_Massachusetts" title="Tewksbury, Massachusetts">Tewksbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend,_Massachusetts" title="Townsend, Massachusetts">Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyngsborough,_Massachusetts" title="Tyngsborough, Massachusetts">Tyngsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield,_Massachusetts" title="Wakefield, Massachusetts">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland,_Massachusetts" title="Wayland, Massachusetts">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westford,_Massachusetts" title="Westford, Massachusetts">Westford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston,_Massachusetts" title="Weston, Massachusetts">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Massachusetts" title="Wilmington, Massachusetts">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_census-designated_places_in_Massachusetts" title="List of census-designated places in Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff;">CDPs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayer_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Ayer (CDP), Massachusetts">Ayer (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochituate,_Massachusetts" title="Cochituate, Massachusetts">Cochituate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devens,_Massachusetts" title="Devens, Massachusetts">Devens</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pepperell,_Massachusetts" title="East Pepperell, Massachusetts">East Pepperell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groton_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Groton (CDP), Massachusetts">Groton (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanscom_Air_Force_Base" title="Hanscom Air Force Base">Hanscom AFB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinton_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Hopkinton (CDP), Massachusetts">Hopkinton (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Hudson (CDP), Massachusetts">Hudson (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleton_Common,_Massachusetts" title="Littleton Common, Massachusetts">Littleton Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperell_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Pepperell (CDP), Massachusetts">Pepperell (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinehurst,_Massachusetts" title="Pinehurst, Massachusetts">Pinehurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Shirley (CDP), Massachusetts">Shirley (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend_(CDP),_Massachusetts" title="Townsend (CDP), Massachusetts">Townsend (CDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Concord,_Massachusetts" title="West Concord, Massachusetts">West Concord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Massachusetts" title="List of villages in Massachusetts"><span style="color:#ffffff;">Other<br />villages</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auburndale,_Massachusetts" title="Auburndale, Massachusetts">Auburndale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Massachusetts" title="Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts">Chestnut Hill</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lexington,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="East Lexington, Massachusetts">East Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felchville,_Massachusetts" title="Felchville, Massachusetts">Felchville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forge_Village,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Forge Village, Massachusetts">Forge Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleasondale,_Massachusetts" title="Gleasondale, Massachusetts">Gleasondale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield,_Massachusetts#Neighborhoods" title="Wakefield, Massachusetts">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graniteville_Historic_District_(Westford,_Massachusetts)" title="Graniteville Historic District (Westford, Massachusetts)">Graniteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Highlands,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose Highlands, Massachusetts">Melrose Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabnasset,_Massachusetts" title="Nabnasset, Massachusetts">Nabnasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Centre,_Massachusetts" title="Newton Centre, Massachusetts">Newton Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Highlands,_Massachusetts" title="Newton Highlands, Massachusetts">Newton Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Lower_Falls" title="Newton Lower Falls">Newton Lower Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_Upper_Falls" title="Newton Upper Falls">Newton Upper Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newtonville,_Massachusetts" title="Newtonville, Massachusetts">Newtonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonantum,_Massachusetts" title="Nonantum, Massachusetts">Nonantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Billerica,_Massachusetts" title="North Billerica, Massachusetts">North Billerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Chelmsford,_Massachusetts" title="North Chelmsford, Massachusetts">North Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingryville,_Massachusetts" title="Pingryville, Massachusetts">Pingryville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxonville,_Massachusetts" title="Saxonville, Massachusetts">Saxonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompsonville,_Massachusetts" title="Thompsonville, Massachusetts">Thompsonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waban,_Massachusetts" title="Waban, Massachusetts">Waban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Newton,_Massachusetts" title="West Newton, Massachusetts">West Newton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;">Footnotes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#00008F;color:#ffffff;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Massachusetts (state)"><span style="color:#ffffff">Massachusetts portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span style="color:#ffffff">United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts466" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Massachusetts" title="Template:Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Commonwealth_of_Massachusetts466" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._state)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. state)">Commonwealth</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Massachusetts" title="Outline of Massachusetts">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Massachusetts-related_articles" title="Index of Massachusetts-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Massachusetts" title="Administrative divisions of Massachusetts">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_congressional_districts" title="Massachusetts's congressional districts">Congressional districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Massachusetts">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Massachusetts" title="Geography of Massachusetts">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Massachusetts" title="Geology of Massachusetts">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Massachusetts" title="Government of Massachusetts">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts" title="History of Massachusetts">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Massachusetts" title="Category:Images of Massachusetts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Massachusetts" title="Law of Massachusetts">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_in_Massachusetts" title="List of lighthouses in Massachusetts">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Massachusetts" title="Music of Massachusetts">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Massachusetts" title="List of people from Massachusetts">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_state_symbols" title="List of Massachusetts state symbols">State symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Massachusetts">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Massachusetts" title="List of villages in Massachusetts">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Massachusetts">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_windmills_in_Massachusetts" title="List of windmills in Massachusetts">Windmills</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Massachusetts" title="Abortion in Massachusetts">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Massachusetts_culture" title="Category:Massachusetts culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Massachusetts" title="Climate change in Massachusetts">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Massachusetts" title="Crime in Massachusetts">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Massachusetts" title="Demographics of Massachusetts">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Massachusetts">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Massachusetts">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Massachusetts" title="History of education in Massachusetts">History of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Massachusetts" title="Gun laws in Massachusetts">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Massachusetts">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Massachusetts">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Massachusetts" title="Politics of Massachusetts">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Sports in Massachusetts">Sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Massachusetts" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Ann" title="Cape Ann">Cape Ann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Massachusetts" title="Central Massachusetts">Central Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Valley" title="Blackstone Valley">Blackstone Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montachusett-North_County" title="Montachusett-North County">Montachusett-North County</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_County_(Massachusetts)" title="South County (Massachusetts)">South County</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lowell" title="Greater Lowell">Greater Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetroWest" title="MetroWest">MetroWest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="North Shore (Massachusetts)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Massachusetts" title="Southeastern Massachusetts">Southeastern Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Cod" title="Cape Cod">Cape Cod</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(Massachusetts)" title="South Coast (Massachusetts)">South Coast</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="South Shore (Massachusetts)">South Shore</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Berkshires" class="mw-redirect" title="The Berkshires">The Berkshires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Housatonic_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Housatonic Valley">Housatonic Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Valley" title="Pioneer Valley">Pioneer Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quabbin-Swift_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Quabbin-Swift River Valley">Quabbin-Swift River Valley</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Massachusetts" title="List of counties in Massachusetts">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable_County,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable County, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_County,_Massachusetts" title="Dukes County, Massachusetts">Dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_County,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin County, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampden_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampden County, Massachusetts">Hampden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Hampshire County, Massachusetts">Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantucket" title="Nantucket">Nantucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li> <li>Note: Nine former counties were in the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Maine" title="District of Maine">District of Maine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agawam,_Massachusetts" title="Agawam, Massachusetts">Agawam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_Massachusetts" title="Amherst, Massachusetts">Amherst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesbury,_Massachusetts" title="Amesbury, Massachusetts">Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attleboro,_Massachusetts" title="Attleboro, Massachusetts">Attleboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnstable,_Massachusetts" title="Barnstable, Massachusetts">Barnstable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Massachusetts" title="Braintree, Massachusetts">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater,_Massachusetts" title="Bridgewater, Massachusetts">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Massachusetts" title="Chelsea, Massachusetts">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicopee,_Massachusetts" title="Chicopee, Massachusetts">Chicopee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Longmeadow,_Massachusetts" title="East Longmeadow, Massachusetts">East Longmeadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easthampton,_Massachusetts" title="Easthampton, Massachusetts">Easthampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Massachusetts" title="Everett, Massachusetts">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner,_Massachusetts" title="Gardner, Massachusetts">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyoke,_Massachusetts" title="Holyoke, Massachusetts">Holyoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leominster,_Massachusetts" title="Leominster, Massachusetts">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuen,_Massachusetts" title="Methuen, Massachusetts">Methuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer,_Massachusetts" title="Palmer, Massachusetts">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Massachusetts" title="Peabody, Massachusetts">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Massachusetts" title="Randolph, Massachusetts">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere,_Massachusetts" title="Revere, Massachusetts">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Southbridge, Massachusetts">Southbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Massachusetts" title="Watertown, Massachusetts">Watertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield,_Massachusetts" title="Westfield, Massachusetts">Westfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="West Springfield, Massachusetts">West Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li> <li>Note: Municipalities not listed have a town meeting form of government (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Massachusetts" title="List of municipalities in Massachusetts">all municipalities</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/32px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/48px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/64px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Massachusetts" title="Portal:Massachusetts">Massachusetts portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Region_of_Greater_Boston255" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Boston" title="Template:Greater Boston"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Boston" title="Template talk:Greater Boston"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Boston" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Boston"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Region_of_Greater_Boston255" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Region of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: white; text-decoration: inherit;">Greater Boston</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belknap_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Belknap County, New Hampshire">Belknap, NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Massachusetts" title="Bristol County, Massachusetts">Bristol, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Bristol County, Rhode Island">Bristol, RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Essex County, Massachusetts">Essex, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsborough_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Hillsborough County, New Hampshire">Hillsborough, NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Kent County, Rhode Island">Kent, RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Merrimack County, New Hampshire">Merrimack, NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middlesex_County,_Massachusetts" title="Middlesex County, Massachusetts">Middlesex, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport County, Rhode Island">Newport, RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk County, Massachusetts">Norfolk, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_County,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth County, Massachusetts">Plymouth, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence County, Rhode Island">Providence, RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockingham_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Rockingham County, New Hampshire">Rockingham, NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strafford_County,_New_Hampshire" title="Strafford County, New Hampshire">Strafford, NH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk, MA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Rhode_Island" title="Washington County, Rhode Island">Washington, RI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester_County,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester County, Massachusetts">Worcester, MA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />100k-250k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowell,_Massachusetts" title="Lowell, Massachusetts">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn,_Massachusetts" title="Lynn, Massachusetts">Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincy,_Massachusetts" title="Quincy, Massachusetts">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_Massachusetts" title="Worcester, Massachusetts">Worcester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />25k-100k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andover,_Massachusetts" title="Andover, Massachusetts">Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington,_Massachusetts" title="Arlington, Massachusetts">Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attleboro,_Massachusetts" title="Attleboro, Massachusetts">Attleboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billerica,_Massachusetts" title="Billerica, Massachusetts">Billerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Massachusetts" title="Braintree, Massachusetts">Braintree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater,_Massachusetts" title="Bridgewater, Massachusetts">Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookline,_Massachusetts" title="Brookline, Massachusetts">Brookline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelmsford,_Massachusetts" title="Chelmsford, Massachusetts">Chelmsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Massachusetts" title="Chelsea, Massachusetts">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry,_Rhode_Island" title="Coventry, Rhode Island">Coventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranston,_Rhode_Island" title="Cranston, Rhode Island">Cranston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland,_Rhode_Island" title="Cumberland, Rhode Island">Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danvers,_Massachusetts" title="Danvers, Massachusetts">Danvers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth,_Massachusetts" title="Dartmouth, Massachusetts">Dartmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derry,_New_Hampshire" title="Derry, New Hampshire">Derry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dover,_New_Hampshire" title="Dover, New Hampshire">Dover (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dracut,_Massachusetts" title="Dracut, Massachusetts">Dracut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="East Providence, Rhode Island">East Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett,_Massachusetts" title="Everett, Massachusetts">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_River,_Massachusetts" title="Fall River, Massachusetts">Fall River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitchburg,_Massachusetts" title="Fitchburg, Massachusetts">Fitchburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framingham,_Massachusetts" title="Framingham, Massachusetts">Framingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin,_Massachusetts" title="Franklin, Massachusetts">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloucester,_Massachusetts" title="Gloucester, Massachusetts">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts" title="Haverhill, Massachusetts">Haverhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnston,_Rhode_Island" title="Johnston, Rhode Island">Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Massachusetts" title="Lawrence, Massachusetts">Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leominster,_Massachusetts" title="Leominster, Massachusetts">Leominster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Massachusetts" title="Lexington, Massachusetts">Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malden,_Massachusetts" title="Malden, Massachusetts">Malden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Massachusetts" title="Marlborough, Massachusetts">Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshfield,_Massachusetts" title="Marshfield, Massachusetts">Marshfield</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose,_Massachusetts" title="Melrose, Massachusetts">Melrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack,_New_Hampshire" title="Merrimack, New Hampshire">Merrimack (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuen,_Massachusetts" title="Methuen, Massachusetts">Methuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_Massachusetts" title="Milford, Massachusetts">Milford (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton,_Massachusetts" title="Milton, Massachusetts">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natick,_Massachusetts" title="Natick, Massachusetts">Natick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needham,_Massachusetts" title="Needham, Massachusetts">Needham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Rhode_Island" title="Newport, Rhode Island">Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Andover,_Massachusetts" title="North Andover, Massachusetts">North Andover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Attleboro,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="North Attleboro, Massachusetts">North Attleboro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kingstown,_Rhode_Island" title="North Kingstown, Rhode Island">North Kingstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="North Providence, Rhode Island">North Providence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwood,_Massachusetts" title="Norwood, Massachusetts">Norwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawtucket,_Rhode_Island" title="Pawtucket, Rhode Island">Pawtucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Massachusetts" title="Peabody, Massachusetts">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Plymouth, Massachusetts">Plymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revere,_Massachusetts" title="Revere, Massachusetts">Revere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_New_Hampshire" title="Rochester, New Hampshire">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_Massachusetts" title="Salem, Massachusetts">Salem (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salem,_New_Hampshire" title="Salem, New Hampshire">Salem (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugus,_Massachusetts" title="Saugus, Massachusetts">Saugus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrewsbury,_Massachusetts" title="Shrewsbury, Massachusetts">Shrewsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kingstown,_Rhode_Island" title="South Kingstown, Rhode Island">South Kingstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoughton,_Massachusetts" title="Stoughton, Massachusetts">Stoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taunton,_Massachusetts" title="Taunton, Massachusetts">Taunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewksbury,_Massachusetts" title="Tewksbury, Massachusetts">Tewksbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakefield,_Massachusetts" title="Wakefield, Massachusetts">Wakefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waltham,_Massachusetts" title="Waltham, Massachusetts">Waltham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick,_Rhode_Island" title="Warwick, Rhode Island">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watertown,_Massachusetts" title="Watertown, Massachusetts">Watertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellesley,_Massachusetts" title="Wellesley, Massachusetts">Wellesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Warwick,_Rhode_Island" title="West Warwick, Rhode Island">West Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weymouth,_Massachusetts" title="Weymouth, Massachusetts">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woburn,_Massachusetts" title="Woburn, Massachusetts">Woburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woonsocket,_Rhode_Island" title="Woonsocket, Rhode Island">Woonsocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Cities and towns<br />10k-25k</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abington,_Massachusetts" title="Abington, Massachusetts">Abington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acton,_Massachusetts" title="Acton, Massachusetts">Acton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acushnet,_Massachusetts" title="Acushnet, Massachusetts">Acushnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amesbury,_Massachusetts" title="Amesbury, Massachusetts">Amesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amherst,_New_Hampshire" title="Amherst, New Hampshire">Amherst (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashland,_Massachusetts" title="Ashland, Massachusetts">Ashland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athol,_Massachusetts" title="Athol, Massachusetts">Athol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auburn,_Massachusetts" title="Auburn, Massachusetts">Auburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrington,_Rhode_Island" title="Barrington, Rhode Island">Barrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="Bedford, Massachusetts">Bedford (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford,_New_Hampshire" title="Bedford, New Hampshire">Bedford (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellingham,_Massachusetts" title="Bellingham, Massachusetts">Bellingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmont,_Massachusetts" title="Belmont, Massachusetts">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly,_Massachusetts" title="Beverly, Massachusetts">Beverly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol,_Rhode_Island" title="Bristol, Rhode Island">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burlington,_Massachusetts" title="Burlington, Massachusetts">Burlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burrillville,_Rhode_Island" title="Burrillville, Rhode Island">Burrillville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Massachusetts" title="Canton, Massachusetts">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver,_Massachusetts" title="Carver, Massachusetts">Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Falls,_Rhode_Island" title="Central Falls, Rhode Island">Central Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton,_Massachusetts" title="Charlton, Massachusetts">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton,_Massachusetts" title="Clinton, Massachusetts">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concord,_Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts">Concord (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedham,_Massachusetts" title="Dedham, Massachusetts">Dedham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudley,_Massachusetts" title="Dudley, Massachusetts">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duxbury,_Massachusetts" title="Duxbury, Massachusetts">Duxbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bridgewater,_Massachusetts" title="East Bridgewater, Massachusetts">East Bridgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Greenwich,_Rhode_Island" title="East Greenwich, Rhode Island">East Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton,_Massachusetts" title="Easton, Massachusetts">Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exeter,_New_Hampshire" title="Exeter, New Hampshire">Exeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairhaven,_Massachusetts" title="Fairhaven, Massachusetts">Fairhaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foxborough,_Massachusetts" title="Foxborough, Massachusetts">Foxborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardner,_Massachusetts" title="Gardner, Massachusetts">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goffstown,_New_Hampshire" title="Goffstown, New Hampshire">Goffstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton,_Massachusetts" title="Grafton, Massachusetts">Grafton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groton,_Massachusetts" title="Groton, Massachusetts">Groton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampton,_New_Hampshire" title="Hampton, New Hampshire">Hampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover,_Massachusetts" title="Hanover, Massachusetts">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanson,_Massachusetts" title="Hanson, Massachusetts">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hingham,_Massachusetts" title="Hingham, Massachusetts">Hingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holbrook,_Massachusetts" title="Holbrook, Massachusetts">Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holden,_Massachusetts" title="Holden, Massachusetts">Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holliston,_Massachusetts" title="Holliston, Massachusetts">Holliston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooksett,_New_Hampshire" title="Hooksett, New Hampshire">Hooksett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopkinton,_Massachusetts" title="Hopkinton, Massachusetts">Hopkinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson,_Massachusetts" title="Hudson, Massachusetts">Hudson (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson,_New_Hampshire" title="Hudson, New Hampshire">Hudson (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hull,_Massachusetts" title="Hull, Massachusetts">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipswich,_Massachusetts" title="Ipswich, Massachusetts">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Massachusetts" title="Kingston, Massachusetts">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laconia,_New_Hampshire" title="Laconia, New Hampshire">Laconia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeville,_Massachusetts" title="Lakeville, Massachusetts">Lakeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester,_Massachusetts" title="Leicester, Massachusetts">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Rhode_Island" title="Lincoln, Rhode Island">Lincoln (Rhode Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londonderry,_New_Hampshire" title="Londonderry, New Hampshire">Londonderry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunenburg,_Massachusetts" title="Lunenburg, Massachusetts">Lunenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynnfield,_Massachusetts" title="Lynnfield, Massachusetts">Lynnfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield,_Massachusetts" title="Mansfield, Massachusetts">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marblehead,_Massachusetts" title="Marblehead, Massachusetts">Marblehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynard,_Massachusetts" title="Maynard, Massachusetts">Maynard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medfield,_Massachusetts" title="Medfield, Massachusetts">Medfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medway,_Massachusetts" title="Medway, Massachusetts">Medway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleborough,_Massachusetts" title="Middleborough, Massachusetts">Middleborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Rhode_Island" title="Middletown, Rhode Island">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford,_New_Hampshire" title="Milford, New Hampshire">Milford (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millbury,_Massachusetts" title="Millbury, Massachusetts">Millbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narragansett,_Rhode_Island" title="Narragansett, Rhode Island">Narragansett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburyport,_Massachusetts" title="Newburyport, Massachusetts">Newburyport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Massachusetts" title="Norfolk, Massachusetts">Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northborough,_Massachusetts" title="Northborough, Massachusetts">Northborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Northbridge, Massachusetts">Northbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Reading,_Massachusetts" title="North Reading, Massachusetts">North Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Smithfield,_Rhode_Island" title="North Smithfield, Rhode Island">North Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norton,_Massachusetts" title="Norton, Massachusetts">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwell,_Massachusetts" title="Norwell, Massachusetts">Norwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford,_Massachusetts" title="Oxford, Massachusetts">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peabody,_Massachusetts" title="Peabody, Massachusetts">Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham,_New_Hampshire" title="Pelham, New Hampshire">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke,_Massachusetts" title="Pembroke, Massachusetts">Pembroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepperell,_Massachusetts" title="Pepperell, Massachusetts">Pepperell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_Rhode_Island" title="Portsmouth, Rhode Island">Portsmouth (Rhode Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth,_New_Hampshire" title="Portsmouth, New Hampshire">Portsmouth (New Hampshire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randolph,_Massachusetts" title="Randolph, Massachusetts">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond,_New_Hampshire" title="Raymond, New Hampshire">Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raynham,_Massachusetts" title="Raynham, Massachusetts">Raynham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Massachusetts" title="Reading, Massachusetts">Reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboth,_Massachusetts" title="Rehoboth, Massachusetts">Rehoboth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockland,_Massachusetts" title="Rockland, Massachusetts">Rockland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scituate,_Massachusetts" title="Scituate, Massachusetts">Scituate (Massachusetts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scituate,_Rhode_Island" title="Scituate, Rhode Island">Scituate (Rhode Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seekonk,_Massachusetts" title="Seekonk, Massachusetts">Seekonk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon,_Massachusetts" title="Sharon, Massachusetts">Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Rhode_Island" title="Smithfield, Rhode Island">Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset,_Massachusetts" title="Somerset, Massachusetts">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somersworth,_New_Hampshire" title="Somersworth, New Hampshire">Somersworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Southbridge, Massachusetts">Southbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoneham,_Massachusetts" title="Stoneham, Massachusetts">Stoneham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer,_Massachusetts" title="Spencer, Massachusetts">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudbury,_Massachusetts" title="Sudbury, Massachusetts">Sudbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swampscott,_Massachusetts" title="Swampscott, Massachusetts">Swampscott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea,_Massachusetts" title="Swansea, Massachusetts">Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiverton,_Rhode_Island" title="Tiverton, Rhode Island">Tiverton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyngsborough,_Massachusetts" title="Tyngsborough, Massachusetts">Tyngsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge,_Massachusetts" title="Uxbridge, Massachusetts">Uxbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole,_Massachusetts" title="Walpole, Massachusetts">Walpole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wareham,_Massachusetts" title="Wareham, Massachusetts">Wareham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Rhode_Island" title="Warren, Rhode Island">Warren (Rhode Island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland,_Massachusetts" title="Wayland, Massachusetts">Wayland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster,_Massachusetts" title="Webster, Massachusetts">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westborough,_Massachusetts" title="Westborough, Massachusetts">Westborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerly,_Rhode_Island" title="Westerly, Rhode Island">Westerly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westford,_Massachusetts" title="Westford, Massachusetts">Westford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston,_Massachusetts" title="Weston, Massachusetts">Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westport,_Massachusetts" title="Westport, Massachusetts">Westport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westwood,_Massachusetts" title="Westwood, Massachusetts">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitman,_Massachusetts" title="Whitman, Massachusetts">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington,_Massachusetts" title="Wilmington, Massachusetts">Wilmington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchendon,_Massachusetts" title="Winchendon, Massachusetts">Winchendon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Massachusetts" title="Winchester, Massachusetts">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windham,_New_Hampshire" title="Windham, New Hampshire">Windham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop,_Massachusetts" title="Winthrop, Massachusetts">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrentham,_Massachusetts" title="Wrentham, Massachusetts">Wrentham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">Sub-regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> proper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Massachusetts" title="Central Massachusetts">Central Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrimack_Valley" title="Merrimack Valley">Merrimack Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetroWest" title="MetroWest">MetroWest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="North Shore (Massachusetts)">North Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(Massachusetts)" title="South Coast (Massachusetts)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Shore_(Massachusetts)" title="South Shore (Massachusetts)">South Shore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#367BCA; color: white;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_megalopolis" title="Northeast megalopolis">Northeast megalopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54145#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1372" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54145#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1372" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54145#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000403742595">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/241479026">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfMhg4d7XmQ3rQWRGvvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4114542-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82018587">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medford (Massachusetts)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge420144&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007554992605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/21a6b65e-184c-4574-b504-0479eb152908">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046090">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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