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York</a></li> <li><a href="/Political_parties_in_New_York" title="Political parties in New York">Political parties in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_access_requirements_for_presidential_candidates_in_New_York" title="Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New York">Ballot access requirements for presidential candidates in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Redistricting_in_New_York" title="Redistricting in New York">Redistricting in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Voting_in_New_York" title="Voting in New York">Voting in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/Energy_Policy" title="Energy Policy">Energy</a> and <a href="/Environmental_Policy" title="Environmental Policy">Environment</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/Energy_policy_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy in New York">Energy policy in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Fracking_in_New_York" title="Fracking in New York">Fracking in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Oil_and_gas_extraction_on_federal_land_in_New_York" title="Oil and gas extraction on federal land in New York">Oil and gas extraction on federal land in New York</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Endangered species in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_York" title="Environmental policy in New York">Environmental policy in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Healthcare_Policy" title="Healthcare Policy"><b>Healthcare</b></a> <ul><li><a href="/Healthcare_policy_in_New_York" title="Healthcare policy in New York">Healthcare policy in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Medicaid_spending_in_New_York" title="Medicaid spending in New York">Medicaid spending in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Effect_of_the_Affordable_Care_Act_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Effect of the Affordable Care Act in New York">Effect of the Affordable Care Act in New York</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/Immigration_Policy" title="Immigration Policy">Immigration</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/Immigration_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Immigration in New York">Immigration in New York</a></li></ul></li></ul> </small><p><small></small> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <p><a href="/File:BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" class="image"><img alt="BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/35px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="24" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/53px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/0c/BP-Initials-UPDATED.png/70px-BP-Initials-UPDATED.png 2x" data-file-width="975" data-file-height="675" /></a> <i>This article does not contain the most recently published data on this subject. If you would like to help our coverage grow, consider <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">donating</a> to Ballotpedia.</i> </p> <hr /> <table style="width:200px; background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;"> <tbody><tr> <td><hr style="height:5px; background-color:#2C905A; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Environmental_Policy" title="Environmental Policy"><img alt="Environmental Policy Logo on Ballotpedia.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/51/Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/200px-Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="87" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/51/Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/300px-Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/5/51/Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png/400px-Environmental_Policy_Logo_on_Ballotpedia.png 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></div><hr style="height:5px; background-color:#2C905A; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F6F6F6; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/State_environmental_policy_pages" title="State environmental policy pages">State environmental policy</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%"><center><b><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy in the United States">U.S. environmental policy</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%"><center><b><a href="/Endangered_Species_Policy" title="Endangered Species Policy">Endangered species policy</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Endangered_species_information_by_state" title="Endangered species information by state">State endangered species</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%"><center><b><a href="/Federal_land_policy" title="Federal land policy">Federal land policy</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #F8F8F8; line-height:135%;"><center><b><a href="/Glossary_of_environmental_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of environmental terms">Environmental terms</a></b></center> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/Public_Policy" title="Public Policy"><img alt="Public Policy Logo-one line.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/200px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="34" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/300px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/41/Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png/400px-Public_Policy_Logo-one_line.png 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="162" /></a> </td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Endangered species policy in New York</b> involves the identification and protection of <a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">endangered and threatened</a> animal and plant species. Policies are implemented and enforced by both the state and federal governments. </p><div style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;"> <div style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; color:#202020;"> <b>HIGHLIGHTS</b></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>As of July 2016, New York had 21 species—10 endangered species and 11 threatened species—listed under the federal <a href="/Endangered_Species_Act" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> (ESA). </li></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>Of these, 13 were animal species and eight were plant species.</li></div></div> <p>See the tabs below for further information: </p> <ol><li><b><a href="#Background">Background</a></b>: This tab provides contextual information about the Endangered Species Act and key terms and concepts.</li> <li><b><a href="#Listed_species">Listed species</a></b>: This tab provides information about endangered and threatened animal and plant species in New York; information about the process of listing a species as endangered or threatened is also provided.</li> <li><b><a href="#Provisions">Provisions</a></b>: This tab provides information about legal provisions relating to private and governmental activities.</li> <li><b><a href="#Governance">Governance</a></b>: This tab provides information about federal and state agencies and, where applicable, state laws.</li></ol> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Overview"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Overview</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Key_federal_ESA_terms"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Key federal ESA terms</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Listed_species"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Listed species</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Federally_listed_species_in_New_York"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Federally listed species in New York</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-5"><a href="#State-listed_species_in_New_York"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">State-listed species in New York</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Listing_a_species"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Listing a species</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Petitioning_to_list_a_species"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Petitioning to list a species</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Delisting_a_species"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Delisting a species</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Provisions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Provisions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Taking_a_species"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Taking a species</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Private_activities_requiring_permits"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Private activities requiring permits</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#Affected_governmental_activities"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">Affected governmental activities</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Governance"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Governance</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Federal_and_state_agencies"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Federal and state agencies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#State_laws"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">State laws</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Recent_news"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Recent news</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Background">Background</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Overview">Overview</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/History_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="History of the Endangered Species Act">History of the Endangered Species Act</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The federal <a href="/Implementation_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Implementation of the Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> (ESA) of 1973 provides for the identification, listing, and protection of both <a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">threatened and endangered</a> species and their habitats. According to the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a>, the law was designed to prevent the extinction of vulnerable plant and animal species through the development of recovery plans and the protection of <a href="/Critical_habitat" title="Critical habitat">critical habitats</a>. <a href="/Implementation_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Implementation of the Endangered Species Act">ESA administration and enforcement</a> are the responsibility of the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> and the National Marine Fisheries Service.<sup id="cite_ref-overview_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overview-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>The law authorizes the <a href="/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> to allocate funds to states for assisting in the recovery of threatened and endangered species. The law also created the Cooperative Endangered Species Conservation Fund to award grants to states for voluntary projects on non-federal lands. </p><p>The law mandates that states adopt their own endangered and threatened species management programs subject to approval by the federal government. The law requires states to do the following:<sup id="cite_ref-16USCode_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16USCode-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAbasics-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16USCode_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16USCode-3">[3]</a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Conserve the species of fish or wildlife determined by the state or federal government to be endangered or threatened</li> <li>Create conservation programs for all species of fish or wildlife identified by the federal government as endangered or threatened and provide detailed plans for these programs to the <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a></li> <li>Be authorized by the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> to conduct investigations to determine the status and requirements for survival of resident species of fish and wildlife</li> <li>Be authorized before establishing programs to acquire land or aquatic habitats for conserving endangered or threatened species</li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Key_federal_ESA_terms">Key federal ESA terms</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Glossary_of_Endangered_Species_Act_terms" title="Glossary of Endangered Species Act terms">Glossary of Endangered Species Act terms</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><b><a href="/Candidate_species" title="Candidate species">Candidate species</a></b>: Animal and plant species for which the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (USFWS) or the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) has sufficient information to propose them as endangered or threatened, but for which a proposed listing has not been processed because of higher priority listings.</li> <li><b><a href="/Critical_habitat" title="Critical habitat">Critical habitat</a></b>: Specific geographic areas, whether occupied by listed species or not, that are determined to be essential for the conservation and management of listed species.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Delisting" title="Delisting">Delisting</a></b>: The process of removing an animal or plant species from the threatened or endangered species list upon a determination that threats against it have been sufficiently reduced or eliminated.<sup id="cite_ref-delistoverview_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delistoverview-6">[6]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a></b>: The classification provided to an animal or plant in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Listed_species" title="Listed species">Listed species</a></b>: Species, subspecies, or a distinct vertebrate population segment that has been added to the federal lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Range</b>: The geographic area a species is known or anticipated to occupy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Species_recovery" title="Species recovery">Species recovery</a></b>: The elimination or reduction in threats to an animal or plant species' survival. Once a species has recovered, it is removed from the federal list of <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>An <a href='/Endangered_species' class='mw-redirect' title='Endangered species'>'endangered' species</a> is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.&lt;ref&gt;<a target='_blank' rel='noreferrer noopener' class='external text' href='http://www.fws.gov/Midwest/endangered/glossary/index.html'><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, 'Endangered Species Glossary,' accessed November 1, 2015</a>&lt;/ref&gt; </p>">endangered species</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-recov_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recov-10">[10]</a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/Taking_a_species" title="Taking a species">Taking a species</a></b>: Taking a species generally includes causing any harm to a federally protected animal or plant species. Any individual that knowingly takes a listed species can be fined up to $25,000 by the federal government for each violation or instance. The text of the law outlining federal penalties can be accessed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/esa_section11.pdf">here</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-definition_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-definition-11">[11]</a></sup></li> <li><b>Threatened species</b>: Any species which is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range.</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Listed_species">Listed species</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Federally_listed_species_in_New_York">Federally listed species in New York</span></h3> <p>There were 21 endangered and threatened animal and plant species believed to or known to occur in New York as of July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> </p><p>The table below lists the 13 endangered and threatened animal species believed to or known to occur in the state. The word "entire" after a name indicates that the species occurs throughout the state. </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:75%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#2C905A; color: white;">Endangered animal species in New York </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Status</b> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Species</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Bat, Indiana Entire (Myotis sodalis) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Bean, rayed (Villosa fabalis) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Butterfly, Karner blue Entire (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Clubshell Wherever found; Except where listed as Experimental Populations (Pleurobema clava) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Sea turtle, hawksbill Entire (Eretmochelys imbricata) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Sea turtle, leatherback Entire (Dermochelys coriacea) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Tern, roseate northeast U.S. nesting pop. (Sterna dougallii dougallii) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Wedgemussel, dwarf Entire (Alasmidonta heterodon) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Bat, Northern long-eared (Myotis septentrionalis) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Knot, red (Calidris canutus rufa) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Plover, piping except Great Lakes watershed (Charadrius melodus) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Snail, Chittenango ovate amber Entire (Succinea chittenangoensis) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Turtle, bog (=Muhlenberg) northern (Clemmys muhlenbergii) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="line-height:135%;" align="left" colspan="2"><small><b>Source:</b> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/species-listed-by-state-report?state=NY&status=listed"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Listed species believed to or known to occur in New York"</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The table below lists the eight endangered and threatened plant species believed to or known to occur in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:75%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" align="center" style="color:black;background-color:#2C905A; color: white;">Endangered plant species in New York </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Status</b> </th> <th style="background-color:#444; color: white;"><b>Species</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Bulrush, Northeastern (Scirpus ancistrochaetus) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#055E2E; color: white;">Endangered</td> <td>Gerardia, sandplain (Agalinis acuta) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Amaranth, seabeach (Amaranthus pumilus) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Fern, American hart's-tongue (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Goldenrod, Houghton's (Solidago houghtonii) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Monkshood, northern wild (Aconitum noveboracense) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>Pogonia, small whorled (Isotria medeoloides) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#49A674; color: white;">Threatened</td> <td>roseroot, Leedy's (Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyi) </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td style="line-height:135%;" align="left" colspan="2"><small><b>Source:</b> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/species-listed-by-state-report?state=NY&status=listed"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Listed species believed to or known to occur in New York"</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The United States contained 2,389 species protected under the Endangered Species Act as of July 2016 (this includes the 50 states but not U.S. territories). The map below displays the number of species protected under the <a href="/Endangered_Species_Act" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> in each state as of July 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-species_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-species-14">[14]</a></sup> </p> <big><center><b>Number of species protected under the Endangered Species Act by state (as of July 2016)</b></center></big> <center><iframe width="600" height="371" seamless frameborder="0" scrolling="no" src="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RKTBca-VaMFnV5vxGJzNTyiFVPPE2uGrYkqkyrjHun8/pubchart?oid=2022262521&format=interactive"></iframe></center> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="State-listed_species_in_New_York">State-listed species in New York</span></h4> <p>Under state law, the New York Department of Environmental Conservation maintains a state-specific list of endangered and threatened species. The complete list of species as of July 2016 can be accessed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7494.html">here</a>. At that time, the state list included 53 endangered species, 37 threatened species, and 58 species of special concern, which were defined as "any native species for which a welfare concern or risk of endangerment has been documented in New York State."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Listing_a_species">Listing a species</span></h3> <p>Before a species is added to the federal threatened and endangered list, it is first placed on a list of candidate species. This placement happens in two ways. The <a href="#Species_petitioning">public may petition to list a species</a>, or biologists at the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS) may study a species whose population is thought to be declining and decide themselves whether the species qualifies as a candidate. The law stipulates that FWS scientists must use <a href="#Science_role">accurate scientific information</a> collected from several sources to back their candidate decisions. </p><p>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service applies five criteria to label a species as endangered or threatened: </p> <center> <table data-nosnippet="" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;background-color: transparent; auto; ;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="20" valign="top" style="border:none; color:#B2B7F2;font-size:35px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding: 10px 3px;">“ </td> <td valign="top" style="border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <ul><li>the present or threatened destruction, modification, or curtailment of its habitat or range;</li> <li>overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes;</li> <li>disease or predation;</li> <li>the inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms;</li> <li>other natural or manmade factors affecting its survival.<sup id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-16">[16]</a></sup></li></ul> </td> <td width="20" valign="bottom" style="border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 35px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%"><cite style="font-style: normal;font-size: smaller; float: right;">—<a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAbasics-4">[4]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table></center> <p>If one or more of these criteria are met, the agency can begin action to protect the species and its habitat. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Petitioning_to_list_a_species">Petitioning to list a species</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Listing_petition" title="Listing petition">Listing petition</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:277px;"><a href="/File:Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/275px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/413px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg/550px-Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3560" data-file-height="2374" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Gymnogyps_californianus_-San_Diego_Zoo-8a.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The California condor has been on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's list of endangered species since 1967.</div></div></div> <p>Any citizen or group may petition the federal government to list a species as <a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">endangered or threatened</a>. The process occurs as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Petitioners submit information on the biology, distribution, and threats to a species. The <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Office generally must respond to a petition within 90 days.</li> <li>Within one year of receiving the petition, the agencies must publish a finding on whether listing a particular species is warranted.</li> <li>If the agencies do not meet these timelines, citizens and groups are permitted under the Endangered Species Act to sue the agencies to enforce the timelines so that the species receives federal protection.</li> <li>When a species is listed, the government is required to review its status every five years.</li></ol> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Delisting_a_species">Delisting a species</span></h3> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Delisting_a_species" title="Delisting a species">Delisting a species</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px;"><a href="/File:Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg/200px-Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="thumbimage" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg/300px-Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg/400px-Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1007" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/File:Eschrichtius_robustus_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>The gray whale, which migrates south off the California coast, was removed from the federal endangered species list in 1994 due to recovery.</div></div></div> <p><a href="/Delisting_a_species" title="Delisting a species">Delisting</a> is the process of removing the endangered or threatened status of species. Downlisting is a reclassification of status by the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> or the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from endangered to threatened. When the service delists or downlists a species, this generally means that the recovery or conservation of a species has been successful. To delist a species, the agencies must determine that the species is not threatened based on population size, stability of habitat quality and quantity, and control or elimination of threats to the species. Species are also delisted if they become extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-delisted_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delisted-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> </p><p>As of July 2016, 63 endangered or threatened species had been delisted. Of those species, 34 were delisted due to recovery, 19 species were listed in error (for scientific reasons or because new information about a species was discovered), and 10 species went extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-delisted_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-delisted-19">[19]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Provisions">Provisions</span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Private_property_and_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Private property and the Endangered Species Act">Private property and the Endangered Species Act</a></i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Taking_a_species">Taking a species</span></h3> <p>The <a href="/Endangered_Species_Act" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> makes the <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Taking a species includes harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing or collecting any listed species. </p>">taking</span> of an animal on the endangered or threatened species list illegal. According to the act, to <i>take</i> is to "harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect or attempt to engage in any such conduct." The <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> further defines <i>harm</i> to mean "an act which actually kills or injures wildlife." According to the act, <i>harassment</i> of a species is defined as "an intentional or negligent act or omission which creates the likelihood of injury to wildlife by annoying it to such an extent as to significantly disrupt normal behavioral patterns which include, but are not limited to, breeding, feeding, or sheltering." State governments may apply further restrictions on the taking of an endangered or threatened species. Any individual that knowingly takes a listed species can be fined up to $25,000 by the federal government for each violation. The text of the law outlining federal penalties can be accessed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/esa_section11.pdf">here</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESAbasics-4">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> </p><p>Federal law prohibits individuals from engaging in interstate or foreign commerce with a federally protected plant species. Federal law also prohibits <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Taking a species includes harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing or collecting any listed species. </p>">taking</span> (e.g., moving, damaging or destroying) a protected plant on federal property. However, individuals may take, move, damage, or destroy a federally protected plant on private land, unless a state law prohibits such activity.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Private_activities_requiring_permits">Private activities requiring permits</span></h3> <p>In addition to taking a species, delivering, receiving, selling, purchasing, or transporting a threatened or endangered animal species is prohibited without a permit, whether the species is alive or dead. Permits are also required for individual or group activities that involve interfering with a species' habitat. Individuals engaging in activities that might result in the taking of a protected species must abide by a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP), which includes information on how to mitigate or minimize any impacts to the species or its habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>Regional offices of the <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS) issue incidental take permits. An incidental take permit is required if an activity may result in the <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Taking a species includes harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing or collecting any listed species. </p>">taking</span> of a threatened or endangered species. Those who apply for this permit must submit a habitat conservation plan to the proper federal or state authority ensuring that the effects of taking the species will be minimized and mitigated. </p><p>According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, nearly half of all federally protected <a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">threatened and endangered species</a> have at least 80 percent of their habitats on private land. This means that private landowners, which include private citizens, businesses, and organizations, must cooperate with federal agencies to conserve listed species.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>Private parties may be required to work with the Fish and Wildlife Service in the following ways: </p> <ul><li>Habitat Conservation Plans (HCPs) are implemented by non-federal groups (state governments, private individuals, and groups) in consultation with the Fish and Wildlife Service. The plans are required in order to obtain incidental take permits. Habitat Conservation Plans contain information on the predicted effects of <span class="simple-tooltip simple-tooltip-inline" data-simple-tooltip="<p>Taking a species includes harassing, harming, pursuing, hunting, shooting, wounding, killing, trapping, capturing or collecting any listed species. </p>">taking</span> a species, how these effects will be minimized or mitigated, and how the plan will be funded. Meanwhile, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service attempts to assure property owners that they will not face additional land restrictions beyond those outlined in their Habitat Conservation Plans. The plans can be applied to listed species, candidate species, species proposed for listing, and non-listed species (usually for the purpose of preventing future listing).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></sup></li> <li>Candidate Conservation Agreements are made by the Fish and Wildlife Service with non-federal property owners to provide incentives for conserving candidate species so that they are not listed as endangered or threatened.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Affected_governmental_activities">Affected governmental activities</span></h3> <p>Federal law requires conservation programs for all listed endangered and threatened species and their habitats. This requirement can affect all federal agencies. </p> <ul><li>Consultations are partnerships between the Fish and Wildlife Service and federal agencies. Federal law requires all federal agencies to participate in conserving listed species, stipulating that agency activities must not be "likely to jeopardize the continued existence of listed species or adversely modify designated critical habitats." Consultations can involve recovering the habitats of listed species, addressing threats to listed species from federal programs or actions, and coordinating projects and resources between federal agencies. Examples of federal activities that require require consultations include <a href="/Oil" title="Oil">oil</a> and <a href="/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> drilling on <a href="/Federal_land" title="Federal land">federal land</a>, offshore drilling in areas owned by the federal government, and oil and gas activities affecting <a href="/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a> or other <a href="/Waters_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Waters of the United States">waters of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></sup></li> <li>Recovery is a process to halt the decline of endangered or threatened populations by removing or reducing threats. In its recovery efforts, the Fish and Wildlife Service collaborates with federal, state, and local agencies, as well as conservation groups, businesses, private individuals, and volunteers. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service, recovery plans are implemented "to stabilize, recover, and ultimately delist" threatened and endangered species.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Governance">Governance</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_and_state_agencies">Federal and state agencies</span></h3> <ul><li>The <a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a> (FWS) is a federal agency responsible for the <a href="/Implementation_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Implementation of the Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a>. The agency recovers and conserves endangered or threatened species. The agency also classifies endangered or threatened species. The agency's enacted budget for fiscal year 2014 totaled $2.79 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-budget_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-budget-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup></li> <li>The New York Department of Environmental Conservation is responsible for managing and conserving the state's endangered species.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="State_laws">State laws</span></h3> <ul><li>State law authorizes the New York Department of Environmental Conservation to designate species as endangered or threatened. <a href="#Taking_species">Taking</a> a state-listed species is prohibited under New York law. The department is authorized to prepare recovery and conservation plans for any listed species.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup> <div id="stopHeaderTabs" style="display:none;"></div></li></ul> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Recent_news">Recent news</span></h2> <p>The link below is to the most recent stories in a Google news search for the terms <b>New York endangered species.</b> These results are automatically generated from Google. Ballotpedia does not curate or endorse these articles. </p> <div class="rss-feed"> <p><b><span style="font-size:135%"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://google.com/search?hl=en&gl=us&tbm=nws&q=New+York+endangered+species&um=1&ie=UTF-8">Endangered species in New York - Google News</a></span></b> </p> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-overlay"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 311.33333333333px"><div style="width: 311.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 309.33333333333px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/File:NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg" class="image" title="Environmental policy in the U.S."><img alt="Environmental policy in the U.S." src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/43/NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg/464px-NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="200" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/43/NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg/697px-NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/4/43/NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg/929px-NOAA_Wetlands_Image1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1521" data-file-height="983" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 290px"><div class="gallerytext"> <p><i><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental policy in the United States">Environmental policy in the U.S.</a></i> </p> </div></div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 300.66666666667px"><div style="width: 300.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 298.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/File:Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews,_West_Texas.jpg" class="image" title="Energy policy in New York"><img alt="Energy policy in New York" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f7/Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg/448px-Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="299" height="200" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f7/Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg/672px-Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/f/f7/Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg/897px-Oil_Pump_Jack_between_Seminole_and_Andrews%2C_West_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 279px"><div class="gallerytext"> <p><i><a href="/Energy_policy_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy in New York">Energy policy in New York</a></i> </p> </div></div> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 320.66666666667px"><div style="width: 320.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 318.66666666667px;"><div style="margin:0px auto;"><a href="/File:Florida_Everglades1.jpg" class="image" title="Environmental policy in New York"><img alt="Environmental policy in New York" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/d/dd/Florida_Everglades1.jpg" decoding="async" width="319" height="200" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="220" /></a></div></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 299px"><div class="gallerytext"> <p><i><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_York" title="Environmental policy in New York">Environmental policy in New York</a></i> </p> </div></div> </div></li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_York" title="Environmental policy in New York">Environmental policy in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/Endangered_Species_Act" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/Implementation_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Implementation of the Endangered Species Act">Implementation of the Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a href="/U.S._Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</a></li> <li><a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/laws/esa.pdf">Text of the Endangered Species Act</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service website</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.noaa.gov/">U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Service</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/">New York Department of Environmental Conservation</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-overview-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-overview_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/improving_ESA/"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Improving ESA Implementation," accessed May 15, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "ESA Overview," accessed October 1, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16USCode-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-16USCode_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-16USCode_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/16/1535"><i>Cornell University Law School</i>, "16 U.S. Code, Section 1535 (Endangered Species Act)," accessed September 26, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ESAbasics-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-0">4.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-1">4.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ESAbasics_4-2">4.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/ESA_basics.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "ESA Basics," accessed September 26, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/candidate_species.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Candidate Species: Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act," accessed November 1, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delistoverview-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-delistoverview_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/delisting.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Delisting a Species - Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act," accessed August 27, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/about/glossary.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Glossary," accessed November 17, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/pub/boxScore.jsp"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Summary of Listed Species Listed Populations and Recovery Plans," accessed December 1, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/glossary/index.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Glossary," accessed September 5, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recov-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-recov_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/cno/es/recovery.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Recovery," accessed October 13, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-definition-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-definition_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/laws-policies/section-3.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Endangered Species Act - Section 3," accessed October 7, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/species-listed-by-state-report?state=NY&status=listed"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Endangered and threatened species in New York," accessed July 6, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/species-listed-by-state-report?state=NY&status=listed"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Endangered and threatened species in New York," accessed July 6, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-species-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-species_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/species-listed-by-state-totals-report?"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Species listed in each state based on published historic range and population data," accessed May 30, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[ttp://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7494.html <i>New York Department of Environmental Conservation</i>, "List of Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Fish & Wildlife Species of New York State," accessed August 3, 2015]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title16/html/USCODE-2011-title16-chap35-sec1533.htm"><i>U.S. Government Printing Office</i>, "U.S. 16 §1533. Determination of endangered species and threatened species (under the Endangered Species Act," accessed April 1, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/library/reports/Citizens_Guide_ESA.pdf"><i>Earth Justice</i>, "Citizens' Guide to the Endangered Species Act," accessed April 7, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-delisted-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-delisted_19-0">19.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-delisted_19-1">19.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/reports/delisting-report"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Delisted Species Under the Endangered Species Act (ESA)," accessed May 18, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/pacific/ecoservices/endangered/classification/pdf/delisting.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Section 4 of the Endangered Species Act," accessed September 26, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/marinebiology/casestudies/case_04.mhtml"><i>Regional Perspectives in Marine Biology</i>, "Recruitment in Coral Reef Fish Populations," accessed July 8, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/wyominges/pages/Energy/Wind/Energy_W_RelAuthoritiesPolicy.html"><i>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</i>, " Endangered Species Act (ESA) Requirements for Construction Activities," accessed September 26, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Endangered-Species-Act.aspx#sthash.I5rmDD5G.dpuf"><i>National Wildlife Service</i>, "Endangered Species Act," accessed January 29, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.liebermanblecher.com/2012/03/17/endangered-species-new-jersey-development/"><i>Lieberman & Belcher</i>, "What Constitutes Harassment of an Endangered Species," March 17, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/northeast/virginiafield/pdf/endangeredspecies/plantESAprotection.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "The Application of the Endangered Species Act with Respect to Plants in Virginia," accessed July 2, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/ENDANGERED/permits/index.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Permits," accessed January 8, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/landowners.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Our Endangered Species Program and How It Works with Landowners," accessed July 1, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/HCP_Incidental_Take.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Habitat Conservation Plans (Section 10 of the Endangered Species Act)," accessed July 7, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/CCAs.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Candidate Conservation Agreements Fact Sheet," accessed July 8, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.hba.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/environmental_nov_2013.pdf"><i>Houston Bar Association</i>, "The Endangered Species Act and the Oil and Gas Industry," November 13, 2013</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/consultations.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Consultations with Federal Agencies (Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act)," accessed July 7, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/recovery.pdf"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Endangered Species Recovery Program," accessed July 7, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-budget-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-budget_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2015/highlights/upload/BH051.pdf"><i>U.S. Department of the Interior</i>, "Fiscal Year 2015: The Interior Budget in Brief," March 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fws.gov/endangered/about/index.html"><i>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</i>, "Overview," accessed November 17, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7494.html"><i>New York Department of Environmental Conservation</i>, "List of Endangered, Threatened and Special Concern Fish & Wildlife Species of New York State," accessed May 22, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.dec.ny.gov/regs/3932.html"><i>New York Department of Environmental Conservation</i>, "Part 182: Endangered and Threatened Species of Fish and Wildlife; Species of Special Concern; Incidental Take Permits," accessed July 30, 2015</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible collapsed" 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href="/Distinct_population_segment" title="Distinct population segment">Distinct population segment</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered species">Endangered species</a> • <a href="/Listed_species" title="Listed species">Listed species</a> • <a href="/Listing_a_species" title="Listing a species">Listing a species</a> • <a href="/Listing_petition" title="Listing petition">Listing petition</a> • <a href="/Species_recovery" title="Species recovery">Species recovery</a> • <a href="/Taking_a_species" title="Taking a species">Taking a species</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b><a href="/State_environmental_policy_pages" title="State environmental policy pages">Environmental policy by state</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Alabama" title="Environmental policy in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Alaska" title="Environmental policy in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Arizona" title="Environmental policy in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Arkansas" title="Environmental policy in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_California" title="Environmental policy in California">California</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Colorado" title="Environmental policy in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Connecticut" title="Environmental policy in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Delaware" title="Environmental policy in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Florida" title="Environmental policy in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Georgia" title="Environmental policy in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Hawaii" title="Environmental policy in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Idaho" title="Environmental policy in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Illinois" title="Environmental policy in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Indiana" title="Environmental policy in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Iowa" title="Environmental policy in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Kansas" title="Environmental policy in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Kentucky" title="Environmental policy in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Louisiana" title="Environmental policy in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Maine" title="Environmental policy in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Maryland" title="Environmental policy in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Massachusetts" title="Environmental policy in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Michigan" title="Environmental policy in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Minnesota" title="Environmental policy in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Mississippi" title="Environmental policy in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Missouri" title="Environmental policy in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Montana" title="Environmental policy in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Nebraska" title="Environmental policy in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Nevada" title="Environmental policy in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_Hampshire" title="Environmental policy in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_Jersey" title="Environmental policy in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_Mexico" title="Environmental policy in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_New_York" title="Environmental policy in New York">New York</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_North_Carolina" title="Environmental policy in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_North_Dakota" title="Environmental policy in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Ohio" title="Environmental policy in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Oklahoma" title="Environmental policy in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Oregon" title="Environmental policy in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Pennsylvania" title="Environmental policy in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Rhode_Island" title="Environmental policy in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_South_Carolina" title="Environmental policy in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_South_Dakota" title="Environmental policy in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Tennessee" title="Environmental policy in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Texas" title="Environmental policy in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Utah" title="Environmental policy in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Vermont" title="Environmental policy in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Virginia" title="Environmental policy in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Washington" title="Environmental policy in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_West_Virginia" title="Environmental policy in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Wisconsin" title="Environmental policy in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Environmental_policy_in_Wyoming" title="Environmental policy in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b><a href="/Endangered_Species_Policy" title="Endangered Species Policy">Endangered species policy</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Costs_of_listing_a_species" title="Costs of listing a species">Costs of listing a species</a> • <a href="/Delisting_a_species" title="Delisting a species">Delisting a species</a> • <a href="/Endangered_Species_Act_litigation" title="Endangered Species Act litigation">Endangered Species Act litigation</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_policy_in_the_United_States" title="Endangered species policy in the United States">Endangered species policy in the United States</a> • <a href="/Endangered_Species_Act_litigation" title="Endangered Species Act litigation">Endangered Species Act litigation</a> • <a href="/History_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="History of the Endangered Species Act">History of the Endangered Species Act</a> • <a href="/Private_property_and_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Private property and the Endangered Species Act">Private property and the Endangered Species Act</a> • <a href="/Science_and_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Science and the Endangered Species Act">Science and the Endangered Species Act</a> • <a href="/Success_rate_of_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Success rate of the Endangered Species Act">Success rate of the Endangered Species Act</a> • <a href="/Transparency_and_the_Endangered_Species_Act" title="Transparency and the Endangered Species Act">Transparency and the Endangered Species Act</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b><a href="/Endangered_species_information_by_state" title="Endangered species information by state">Endangered species policy by state</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Endangered_species_in_Alabama" title="Endangered species in Alabama">Alabama</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Alaska" title="Endangered species in Alaska">Alaska</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Arizona" title="Endangered species in Arizona">Arizona</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Arkansas" title="Endangered species in Arkansas">Arkansas</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_California" title="Endangered species in California">California</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Colorado" title="Endangered species in Colorado">Colorado</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Connecticut" title="Endangered species in Connecticut">Connecticut</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Delaware" title="Endangered species in Delaware">Delaware</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Florida" title="Endangered species in Florida">Florida</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Georgia" title="Endangered species in Georgia">Georgia</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Hawaii" title="Endangered species in Hawaii">Hawaii</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Idaho" title="Endangered species in Idaho">Idaho</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Illinois" title="Endangered species in Illinois">Illinois</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Indiana" title="Endangered species in Indiana">Indiana</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Iowa" title="Endangered species in Iowa">Iowa</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Kansas" title="Endangered species in Kansas">Kansas</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Kentucky" title="Endangered species in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Louisiana" title="Endangered species in Louisiana">Louisiana</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Maine" title="Endangered species in Maine">Maine</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Maryland" title="Endangered species in Maryland">Maryland</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Massachusetts" title="Endangered species in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Michigan" title="Endangered species in Michigan">Michigan</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Minnesota" title="Endangered species in Minnesota">Minnesota</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Mississippi" title="Endangered species in Mississippi">Mississippi</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Missouri" title="Endangered species in Missouri">Missouri</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Montana" title="Endangered species in Montana">Montana</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Nebraska" title="Endangered species in Nebraska">Nebraska</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Nevada" title="Endangered species in Nevada">Nevada</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_New_Hampshire" title="Endangered species in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_New_Jersey" title="Endangered species in New Jersey">New Jersey</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_New_Mexico" title="Endangered species in New Mexico">New Mexico</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">New York</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_North_Carolina" title="Endangered species in North Carolina">North Carolina</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_North_Dakota" title="Endangered species in North Dakota">North Dakota</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Ohio" title="Endangered species in Ohio">Ohio</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Oklahoma" title="Endangered species in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Oregon" title="Endangered species in Oregon">Oregon</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Pennsylvania" title="Endangered species in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Rhode_Island" title="Endangered species in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_South_Carolina" title="Endangered species in South Carolina">South Carolina</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_South_Dakota" title="Endangered species in South Dakota">South Dakota</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Tennessee" title="Endangered species in Tennessee">Tennessee</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Texas" title="Endangered species in Texas">Texas</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Utah" title="Endangered species in Utah">Utah</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Vermont" title="Endangered species in Vermont">Vermont</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Virginia" title="Endangered species in Virginia">Virginia</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Washington" title="Endangered species in Washington">Washington</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_West_Virginia" title="Endangered species in West Virginia">West Virginia</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Wisconsin" title="Endangered species in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> • <a href="/Endangered_species_in_Wyoming" title="Endangered species in Wyoming">Wyoming</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b><a href="/Environmental_statistics" title="Environmental statistics">Environmental statistics</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Payments_in_lieu_of_taxes" title="Payments in lieu of taxes">Payments in lieu of taxes</a> • <a href="/Land_ownership_by_state" title="Land ownership by state">Land ownership by state</a> • <a href="/Grazing_permits_on_BLM_lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Grazing permits on BLM lands">Grazing permits on BLM lands</a> • <a href="/Federal_land_ownership_by_state" title="Federal land ownership by state">Federal land ownership by state</a> • <a href="/BLM_oil_and_gas_permits_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="BLM oil and gas permits by state">BLM oil and gas permits by state</a> • <a href="/Environmental_spending_in_the_50_states" title="Environmental spending in the 50 states">Environmental spending in the 50 states</a> • <a href="/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by state">Greenhouse gas emissions by state</a> • <a href="/Superfund_sites_in_the_United_States" title="Superfund sites in the United States">Superfund sites in the United States</a> • <a href="/National_Park_Visitor_Spending_Effects_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park Visitor Spending Effects Report">National Park Visitor Spending Effects Report</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b><a href="/Category:Endangered_species_statistics" title="Category:Endangered species statistics">Endangered species statistics</a></b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Endangered_species_by_state" title="Endangered species by state">Endangered species by state</a> • <a href="/Endangered_animals_by_state" title="Endangered animals by state">Endangered animals by state</a> • <a href="/Endangered_plants_by_state" title="Endangered plants by state">Endangered plants by state</a> • <a href="/Delisted_species" title="Delisted species">Delisted species</a> • <a href="/Top_20_federally_funded_species" title="Top 20 federally funded species">Top 20 federally funded species</a> • <a href="/Land_acquisition_funding_for_endangered_species" title="Land acquisition funding for endangered species">Land acquisition funding for endangered species</a> • <a href="/Federal_endangered_species_grants_by_state" title="Federal endangered species grants by state">Federal endangered species grants by state</a><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Ballotpedia" title="Template:Ballotpedia"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" 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Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Contact</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ways_you_can_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Ways you can help">Contribute</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Job opportunities</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Executive:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Leslie_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Leslie Graves">Leslie Graves, President</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Gwen_Beattie" title="Ballotpedia:Gwen Beattie">Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer</a><br /> <p><b>Communications:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Alison_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Alison Graves">Alison Graves</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Carley_Allensworth" title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Andrew_Heath" title="Ballotpedia:Andrew Heath">Andrew Heath</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amanda_Herbert" title="Ballotpedia:Amanda Herbert">Amanda Herbert</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Morris" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Morris">Mandy Morris</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Caroline_Presnell" title="Ballotpedia:Caroline Presnell">Caroline Presnell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Rindfleisch" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Rindfleisch">Kelly Rindfleisch</a><br /> <b>Policy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jimmy_McAllister" title="Ballotpedia:Jimmy McAllister">Jimmy McAllister</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Molly_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Molly Byrne">Molly Byrne</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jon_Dunn" title="Ballotpedia:Jon Dunn">Jon Dunn</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Annelise_Reinwald" title="Ballotpedia:Annelise Reinwald">Annelise Reinwald</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Soukup" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Soukup">Emma Soukup</a><br /> <b>Content Strategy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Josh_Altic" title="Ballotpedia:Josh Altic">Josh Altic</a> <br /> <b>Tech:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Matt_Latourelle" title="Ballotpedia:Matt Latourelle">Matt Latourelle</a> • <a 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class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Editorial Content</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Geoff_Pallay" title="Ballotpedia:Geoff Pallay">Geoff Pallay, Director of Editorial Content and Editor-in-Chief</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ken_Carbullido" title="Ballotpedia:Ken Carbullido">Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Daniel_Anderson" title="Ballotpedia:Daniel Anderson">Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Byrne">Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Cory_Eucalitto" title="Ballotpedia:Cory Eucalitto">Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Gillip" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy 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