CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Joe Biden presidential administration - Ballotpedia</title> <script>document.documentElement.className="client-js";RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"7b9e69990d694499763df6f5","wgCSPNonce":false,"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Joe_Biden_presidential_administration","wgTitle":"Joe Biden presidential administration","wgCurRevisionId":10220176,"wgRevisionId":10220176,"wgArticleId":1124362,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages with reference errors","Marquee, overview page, 2021","Marquee, overview page, 2022","Marquee, overview page, 2023","Presidential administrations"],"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "Joe_Biden_presidential_administration","wgRelevantArticleId":1124362,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":false,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":false};RLSTATE={"site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.ballotpediabootstrap.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.ballotpediabootstrap.bootstrap.scripts","skins.ballotpediabootstrap.tooltips","ext.SimpleTooltip","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.DoubleDropdown","ext.SingleDropdown","ext.FrontPageRSS","ext.PredictIt","ext.APIWidget","skins.ballotpediabootstrap.scripts"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.implement("user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cskins.ballotpediabootstrap.styles&only=styles&skin=ballotpediabootstrap"/> <script async="" src="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=ballotpediabootstrap"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/wiki/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=ballotpediabootstrap"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.39.6"/> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/> <meta name="description" content="Ballotpedia: The Encyclopedia of American Politics"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1000"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no"/> <meta name="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ballotpedia"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Joe Biden presidential administration - Ballotpedia"/> <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/wiki/opensearch_desc.php" title="Ballotpedia (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="license" href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Ballotpedia Atom feed" href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden_presidential_administration"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="data:text/css;charset=UTF-8;base64,I3NvY2lhbC1zaGFyZS1idXR0b25zIHtkaXNwbGF5Om5vbmU7fQ=="/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Ballotpedia"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Joe Biden presidential administration"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://ballotpedia.org/Joe_Biden_presidential_administration"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> var bp_env = "LIVE"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function imgError(image) { if ( image.src.includes("https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api/storage/uploads/thumbs/") ) { image.onerror = ""; //var new_src = image.src.replace("https://s3.amazonaws.com/ballotpedia-api/storage/uploads/thumbs/", "https://api.ballotpedia.org/v3/thumbnail/"); //image.src = new_src; } return true; } </script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Libre+Franklin:ital,wght@0,200;0,300;0,400;0,500;0,600;0,700;0,800;0,900;1,200;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,600;1,700;1,800;1,900&family=Open+Sans:ital,wght@0,200;0,400;0,600;0,800;1,200;1,400;1,600;1,800&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript">!function(t,o,e){e=t.createElement(o),t=t.getElementsByTagName(o)[0],e.async=1,e.src="https://resonantbrush.com/v2/0/fesblzozuRJjzHOf_VUD5C1xGS4NlcUiO5VCnQgEPI1ISxgUs3JntMnY9dAPUFAYqZJXR0cCujx",t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t)}(document,"script"),function(t,o){t[o]=t[o]||function(){(t[o].q=t[o].q||[]).push(arguments)}}(document,window,"script","admiral");!function(t,e,n,a){function o(t){try{return t=localStorage.getItem("v4ac1eiZr0"),t&&t.split(",")[4]>0}catch(e){}return!1}function r(){var a=o();if(a){var r=t[e].pubads();typeof r.setTargeting===n&&r.setTargeting("admiral-engaged","true")}}a=t[e]=t[e]||{},a.cmd=a.cmd||[],typeof a.pubads===n?r():typeof a.cmd.unshift===n?a.cmd.unshift(r):a.cmd.push(r)}(window,"googletag","function");</script> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PRFQ44Z');</script> <script id="headerbidder" type="text/javascript" src="//a.publir.com/platform/1375.js"></script><script>var googletag = googletag || {};googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];</script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://cadmus.script.ac/dmvhk981ozp8w/script.js'></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/SB-promo-header.css"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Joe_Biden_presidential_administration rootpage-Joe_Biden_presidential_administration skin-ballotpediabootstrap action-view">  <script> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", async function(event) { let trackingCategories = ['Election policy tracking', 'Redistricting tracking', 'Donor disclosure tracking', 'Current governors', 'Current member, U.S. House', 'Current member, U.S. Senate', 'ESG page views', 'Federalism tracking', 'UI tracking', 'State ballots, 2021', 'State ballots, 2022', 'TASP GA', 'Education policy tracking', 'Criminal justice policy tracking', 'UL profile', 'UL overview', 'Work requirement page views', 'REINS page views', 'DOE page views', 'TSP2023', 'TSP2023school', 'School district election breakoffs']; let lis = document.querySelectorAll("#catlinks li"); let allCategories = ''; for (let i = 0; i < lis.length; i++) { if (trackingCategories.includes(lis[i].textContent)) { allCategories = allCategories + lis[i].textContent + '|'; } } allCategories = allCategories.slice(0, -1); if (allCategories) { ga('send', 'event', 'Page Category View', 'Page Category', allCategories, { nonInteraction: true }); } if ((allCategories && allCategories.includes("Republican Party")) || (allCategories && allCategories.includes("Democratic Party"))) { ga('send', 'event', 'Non-tracking category', 'Page URL', `${allCategories} - ${window.location.pathname}`, { nonInteraction: true }); } }); </script> <div id="modal-email" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Press escape to close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Sign up to receive Ballotpedia's daily newsletter</h4> </div> <div id="right-container" style="margin: 4%;"> <form class="form" id="whatcounts-form" name="whatcounts-form-skin" action="javascript:void(0)" onsubmit="submitForm(event)"> <input type="hidden" name="list_ids" id="list_ids" value="18" /> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="goto" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="errors_to" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="format_mime" name="format" value="mime" /> <input type="hidden" id="custom_source" name="custom_source" value="site_skin" /> <p class="form-field email pd-text required required-custom"> <label class="field-label" for="email">Email *</label> <input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" class="text" size="30" maxlength="255"> </p> <p class="form-field first_name pd-text"> <label class="field-label" for="first_name">First Name</label> <input type="text" name="first_name" id="first_name" value="" class="text" size="30" maxlength="40"> </p> <div class="text-center"> <div id="recaptcha-service" class="g-recaptcha" style="display: inline-block" data-callback="recaptchaCallback" data-sitekey="6LdtdxgUAAAAAPd0NqIuHMYS_GQReTlIbayVJ_qn"></div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?hl=en"></script> <p id="showSkinCaptchaMessage">Please complete the Captcha above</p> </div> <p class="submit"> <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" style="text-shadow:none !important;background:#334aab !important;color:white !important;"> </p> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <script> window.recaptchaCallback = undefined; var captcha = false; document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) { window.recaptchaCallback = function recaptchaCallback(response) { let formData = new FormData(); formData.append('g-recaptcha-response', response); fetch("https://ballotpedia.org/recaptcha.php", { body: formData, method: "POST" }).then(function(res) { return res.text(); }).then(function(data) { if (data) { captcha = true; } }); } }); function submitForm(e) { if (!captcha) { e.preventDefault(); document.getElementById('showSkinCaptchaMessage').style.display = 'block'; } else { $.post("https://ballotpedia.org/whatcounts_subscribe.php", { email: $('#email').val(), first: $('#first_name').val(), last: $('#last_name').val(), list_ids: $('#list_ids').val() }, function(result) { setTimeout(function() { window.location = 'https://ballotpedia.org/Thank_you'; }, 1000); }); } } </script>    <div id="modal-facebook" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Press escape to close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Ballotpedia on Facebook</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p><a class="btn-block btn-lg btn-primary" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FJoe_Biden_presidential_administration"><span class="fa fa-facebook"></span>   Share this page</a><br /></p> <p><a class="btn-block btn-lg btn-primary" target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/Ballotpedia/"><span class="fa fa-facebook"></span>   Follow Ballotpedia</a><br /></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="modal-twitter" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" aria-label="Press escape to close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Ballotpedia on Twitter</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p><a class="btn-block btn-lg btn-info" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/home?status=https%3A%2F%2Fballotpedia.org%2FJoe_Biden_presidential_administration"><span class="fa fa-twitter"></span>   Share this page</a><br /></p> <p><a class="btn-block btn-lg btn-info" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/Ballotpedia/"><span class="fa fa-twitter"></span>   Follow Ballotpedia</a><br /></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="bp-header" class="affix"> <div id="bp-header-mid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row header-blue-row"> <a href="#" class="bp-header-email-toggle" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-email"><button class="header-btn-mobile hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg">Subscribe</button></a> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter header-icon-mobile hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook header-icon-mobile hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>  <a href="https://donate.ballotpedia.org" target="_blank"><button class="header-btn-mobile hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg">Donate</button></a> </div>  <div class="row vcenter main-header-row">  <div class="col-xs-1 hidden-lg"> <a href="#" id="bp-header-nav-toggle"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger"></span></a> </div> <div class="col-xs-10 col-lg-12"> <div class="row vcenter"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-3 text-center hidden-xs"> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter header-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> <a href="#" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook header-icon" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>  <a href="#" class="bp-header-email-toggle hidden-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-email"><button class="header-subscribe-btn">Subscribe</button></a> <a href="#" class="bp-header-email-toggle hidden-xs hidden-sm hidden-md" style="margin-left: 30px" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#modal-email"><button class="header-subscribe-btn">Subscribe</button></a> </div>  <div class="col-xs-2 center-block hidden-sm hidden-md hidden-lg"> <a href="/"><img style="width: 50px; vertical-align: unset" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/bp-logo-sm.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics"></a> </div>  <div class="col-xs-10 col-sm-6 col-md-8 col-lg-6">  <a class="center-block hidden-xs" id="bp-header-logo-desktop" href="/"> <img src="/wiki/skins/BallotpediaBootstrap/images/bp-logo.svg" alt="Ballotpedia Logo" title="The Encyclopedia of American Politics"> </a>  <div id="bp-header-search"> <form action="/wiki/index.php" id="searchform"> <div class="form-group"> <button type="submit" class="bp-header-search-go btn-link"><span class="fa fa-search"></span></button> <input id="searchInput" class="search-query" type="search" accesskey="f" title="Special:Search" placeholder="Search the Encyclopedia of American Politics." name="search" value=""> <input class="searchButton btn hidden" type="submit" name="go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="mw-searchButton" value="Go"/> </div> </form></div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-2 col-lg-3 text-center hidden-xs"> <a href="https://donate.ballotpedia.org" target="_blank"><button class="header-donate-btn">Donate</button></a> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-xs-1 hidden-lg toc-mobile"> <a href="#" id="bp-header-toc-toggle"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-list"></span></a> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-page-base"></div> <div id="mw-head-base"></div> <a id="top"></a>  <div id="contentwrapper" class="user-loggedout not-editable container with-navbar with-navbar-fixed">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1548351491831-0' style="text-align:center;" class="ad header-ad"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351491831-0'); }); </script> </div> <div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053" class="publirAds"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053") { googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3053"); } }); }); </script> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-offset-0 col-md-12" role="main"> <div class="mw-body" id="content"> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;" ></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading page-header" lang="en"><span dir="auto"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Biden presidential administration</span></span></h1>  <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Ballotpedia</div> <div id="contentSub" ></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><table style="width:260px; background:#F8F8F8; border:1px solid #ccc; float:right; padding:5px; margin:5px; text-align: center; box-shadow: 0px 2px 5px #A0A0A0;" class="center-table-mobile"> <tbody><tr> <td><center><big><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biden Administration</a></b></big><small><br /><b><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></b> • <b><a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></b></small><br /><div class="center"><div class="floatnone"><a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_administration" title="Joe Biden presidential administration"><img alt="White House Logo.png" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/150px-White_House_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" srcset="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/225px-White_House_Logo.png 1.5x, https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/d/db/White_House_Logo.png/300px-White_House_Logo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1361" /></a></div></div></center><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Administration</b>: <a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition#News" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">News</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Joe Biden's Cabinet</a> • <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet_nominees" title="Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees">Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees</a> • <a href="/How_senators_voted_on_Biden_Cabinet_nominees,_2021" title="How senators voted on Biden Cabinet nominees, 2021">Confirmation votes by senator</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">Executive orders and actions</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_administration#Key_legislation" title="Joe Biden presidential administration">Key legislation</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">Vetoes</a> • <a href="/Biden_White_House_staff" title="Biden White House staff">White House staff</a> • <a href="/Ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="Ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">Ambassadors</a> • <a href="/Special_envoys_by_administration" title="Special envoys by administration">Special envoys</a> • <a href="/Weekly_presidential_addresses_by_Joe_Biden_in_his_first_100_days_in_office" title="Weekly presidential addresses by Joe Biden in his first 100 days in office">Weekly addresses</a> • <a href="/Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government,_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Multistate lawsuits against the federal government, 2021">Multistate lawsuits</a></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>Transition</b>: <a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition#White_House_senior_staff" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">White House senior staff</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition#Agency_review_teams" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">Agency review teams</a> • <a href="/Counting_of_electoral_votes_(January_6-7,_2021)" title="Counting of electoral votes (January 6-7, 2021)">Certification of electoral votes</a> • <a href="/Presidential_election,_2020" title="Presidential election, 2020">2020 presidential election</a></small><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small><b>2024 election</b>: <a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">Presidential election</a> • <a href="/Presidential_candidates,_2024" title="Presidential candidates, 2024">Presidential candidates</a> • <a href="/Kamala_Harris_presidential_campaign,_2024" title="Kamala Harris presidential campaign, 2024">Kamala Harris presidential campaign</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_campaign,_2024" title="Joe Biden presidential campaign, 2024">Joe Biden presidential campaign</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <style> @media only screen and (max-width: 400px){ .center-table-mobile { width: 100% !important; } } </style> <style> .circle { border-radius:50%; padding:10px; } .iframe-container { padding-top: 56.25%; height: 1200px; position: relative; } @media (max-width: 1400px) { .iframe-container { height: 1300px; } } @media (max-width: 1340px) { .iframe-container { height: 1500px; } } .iframe-container iframe { border: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .responsive-iframe { position: relative; padding-bottom: 76.25%; padding-top: 60px; overflow: hidden; } .responsive-iframe iframe, .responsive-iframe embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } </style> <img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/0b/Biden_Square.png" width="150px" style="float:left" /> </p><p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) held office as the <a href="/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">46th president of the United States</a> from January 20, 202 to January 20, 2025. He served with Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D), a former senator from California. </p><p>This page provides an overview of Biden's administration, including top officials and personnel and key executive and legislative actions. </p><p>It features the following sections: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="#Joe_Biden's_Cabinet">Joe Biden's Cabinet</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Key_legislation">Key legislation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Biden's_executive_orders_and_actions">Biden's executive orders and actions</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Federal_judges_nominated_by_Joe_Biden">Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Presidential_and_congressional_approval_ratings">Presidential and congressional approval ratings</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government">Multistate lawsuits against the federal government</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Vetoed_legislation">Vetoed legislation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate">Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="#Transition_Tracker">News coverage of the Biden transition and first 100 days</a></b></li></ul> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Joe_Biden's_Cabinet"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Joe Biden's Cabinet</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#House_vote_in_favor_of_articles_of_impeachment_against_Alejandro_Mayorkas_(2024)"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">House vote in favor of articles of impeachment against Alejandro Mayorkas (2024)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Key_legislation"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Key legislation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#H.R.815:_Making_emergency_supplemental_appropriations_for_the_fiscal_year_ending_September_30,_2024,_and_for_other_purposes."><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">H.R.815: Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#H.J.Res.7:_Relating_to_a_national_emergency_declared_by_the_President_on_March_13,_2020."><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">H.J.Res.7: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#H.J.Res.30:_Providing_for_congressional_disapproval_of_the_rule_submitted_by_the_Department_of_Labor_relating_to_"Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights""><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">H.J.Res.30: Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Respect_for_Marriage_Act_of_2022"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Respect for Marriage Act of 2022</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act_of_2022"><span class="tocnumber">2.7</span> <span class="toctext">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022"><span class="tocnumber">2.8</span> <span class="toctext">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Freedom_to_Vote:_John_R._Lewis_Act_(amendment_to_H.R._5746:_NASA_Enhanced_Use_Leasing_Extension_Act_of_2021)"><span class="tocnumber">2.9</span> <span class="toctext">Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act (amendment to H.R. 5746: NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021"><span class="tocnumber">2.10</span> <span class="toctext">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#For_the_People_Act_of_2021"><span class="tocnumber">2.11</span> <span class="toctext">For the People Act of 2021</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act_of_2021"><span class="tocnumber">2.12</span> <span class="toctext">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Build_Back_Better_Act_of_2021"><span class="tocnumber">2.13</span> <span class="toctext">Build Back Better Act of 2021</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Biden's_executive_orders_and_actions"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Biden's executive orders and actions</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Federal_judges_nominated_by_Joe_Biden"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Presidential_and_congressional_approval_ratings"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential and congressional approval ratings</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Multistate lawsuits against the federal government</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Vetoed_legislation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Vetoed legislation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Transition_Tracker"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Transition Tracker</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#2021"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">2021</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="#2020"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">2020</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3"><a href="#November_2020"><span class="tocnumber">9.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">November 2020</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Footnotes"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span id="Joe_Biden.27s_Cabinet"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Joe_Biden's_Cabinet">Joe Biden's Cabinet</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Joe Biden's Cabinet</a> and <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet_nominees" title="Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees">Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) identified candidates for 15 executive agency positions that comprise the president's Cabinet. This tradition is rooted in Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, which states that the president "may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> </p><p>The vice president and several other administrators, directors, and representatives were also part of the Cabinet. <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Click here for an overview of Biden's Cabinet members.</a> <style> .circle { border-radius:50%; padding:10px; } .iframe-container { padding-top: 56.25%; height: 1200px; position: relative; } @media (max-width: 1400px) { .iframe-container { height: 1300px; } } @media (max-width: 1340px) { .iframe-container { height: 1500px; } } .iframe-container iframe { border: 0; height: 100%; left: 0; position: absolute; top: 0; width: 100%; } .responsive-iframe { position: relative; padding-bottom: 76.25%; padding-top: 60px; overflow: hidden; } .responsive-iframe iframe, .responsive-iframe embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; } </style> </p><p>The following individuals were members of Biden's Cabinet. They were either confirmed by the U.S. Senate or held a position that did not require Senate confirmation. </p> <center><small> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/a/ad/Kamala_Harris.png" "="" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></b><br />Vice President </th> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/6/65/Tony_Blinken_Square.png" "="" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a></b><br />Secretary of State </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/4/43/Lloyd_Austin_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a></b><br />Secretary of Defense </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/6/68/Janet_Yellen_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a></b><br />Secretary of the Treasury </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/08/Merrick_Garland_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a></b><br />Attorney General </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/75/Gina_Raimondo_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a></b><br />Secretary of Commerce </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/2/2e/Pete_Buttigieg.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a></b><br />Secretary of Transportation </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/1/12/Alejandro_Mayorkas_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a></b><br />Secretary of Homeland Security </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/e/e6/Jennifer_Granholm_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a></b><br />Secretary of Energy </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/3/3f/Miguel_Cardona_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a></b><br />Secretary of Education </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/9/9f/Tom_Vilsack_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a></b><br />Secretary of Agriculture </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/f/fb/Deb_Haaland_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a></b><br />Secretary of the Interior </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/a/a3/Xavier_Becerra_Square.jpeg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a></b><br />Secretary of Health and Human Services </th> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/3/3e/Julie_Su_Portrait_square.jpg/150px-Julie_Su_Portrait_square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Julie_Su" title="Julie Su">Julie Su</a></b><br />Acting Secretary of Labor </th> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/6/63/Denis_McDonough_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a></b><br />Secretary of Veterans Affairs </th> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/1/15/Adrianne_Todman_square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b>Adrianne Todman</b><br />Acting Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/0/04/Avril_Haines_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a></b><br />Director of National Intelligence </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/5/54/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a></b><br />U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/7/79/Katherine_Tai_Square.png" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a></b><br />U.S. Trade Representative </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/2/2e/Isabel_Guzman_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a></b><br />Administrator of the Small Business Administration </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/e/ef/Jared_Bernstein_2024_Square.png?20240829191201" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Jared_Bernstein" title="Jared Bernstein">Jared Bernstein</a></b><br />Council of Economic Advisers Chair </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://cdn.ballotpedia.org/images/c/c8/Michael_Regan_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Michael_Regan" title="Michael Regan">Michael Regan</a></b><br />Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/9/98/Shalanda_Young_Square.jpg/150px-Shalanda_Young_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a></b><br />Director of the Office of Management and Budget </th> <th style="width: 150px"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/c/cc/Prabhakar150px.jpeg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Arati_Prabhakar" title="Arati Prabhakar">Arati Prabhakar</a></b><br />Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy </th></tr> </tbody></table> <table> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align=center"> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/thumb/0/00/William_Burns_Square.jpg/150px-William_Burns_Square.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/William_J._Burns" title="William J. Burns">William J. Burns</a></b><br />Director of the Central Intelligence Agency </th> <th style="width: 150px;"><img class="circle" src="https://ballotpedia.s3.amazonaws.com/images/a/a8/Zientsquare.jpg" width="150px" style="float:left" /><br /><b><a href="/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a></b><br />White House Chief of Staff </th></tr> </tbody></table> </small></center> <p> </p><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351706778-0'); }); </script> </div><div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050" class="publirAds"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050") {googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3050");} });});</script></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h3><span id="House_vote_in_favor_of_articles_of_impeachment_against_Alejandro_Mayorkas_.282024.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="House_vote_in_favor_of_articles_of_impeachment_against_Alejandro_Mayorkas_(2024)">House vote in favor of articles of impeachment against Alejandro Mayorkas (2024)</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Impeachment_of_Alejandro_Mayorkas,_2024" title="Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas, 2024">Impeachment of Alejandro Mayorkas, 2024</a></i></dd></dl> <p>On April 17, 2024, the U.S. Senate dismissed two articles of impeachment against <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="U.S. Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security</a> <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>. In two votes along party lines, with Democrats supporting and Republicans opposing the motions, the Senate voted that the allegations in the articles of impeachment did not meet the definition of high crimes and misdemeanors.<sup id="cite_ref-senate41724_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senate41724-2">[2]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> voted to approve two articles of impeachment against Mayorkas on February 13, 2024. The vote was 214-213, with 214 Republicans voting in favor. Three Republicans, Reps. <a href="/Michael_Gallagher_(Wisconsin)" title="Michael Gallagher (Wisconsin)">Michael Gallagher</a> (R-Wis.), <a href="/Ken_Buck" title="Ken Buck">Ken Buck</a> (R-Colo.), <a href="/Tom_McClintock" title="Tom McClintock">Tom McClintock</a> (R-Calif.), and 210 Democrats voted against impeachment. This was the second time the articles of impeachment were put up for a vote, following a failed vote on February 6, 2024. The House transmitted the articles of impeachment to the U.S. Senate on April 16, 2024. </p><p>The articles of impeachment alleged that Mayorkas "willfully and systemically refused to comply with the immigration laws, failed to control the border to the detriment of national security, compromised public safety, and violated the rule of law and separation of powers in the Constitution" and breached the public trust "by knowingly making false statements to Congress and the American people and avoiding lawful oversight in order to obscure the devastating consequences of his willful and systemic refusal to comply with the law and carry out his statutory duties."<sup id="cite_ref-hr863_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr863-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>Mayorkas responded to the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Committee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security">House Committee on Homeland Security</a>'s vote to approve the impeachment articles, saying, "I assure you that your false accusations do not rattle me and do not divert me from the law enforcement and broader public service mission to which I have devoted most of my career and to which I remain devoted."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> </p><p>Rep. <a href="/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a> (R-Ga.) introduced the articles of impeachment on November 13, 2023. The articles were amended by the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Committee_on_Homeland_Security" title="United States House of Representatives Committee on Homeland Security">House Committee on Homeland Security</a>, and passed the committee in a vote along party lines, with all Republicans voting in favor, on January 31, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-hr863_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr863-3">[3]</a></sup> </p><p>This was the first time the House voted on articles of impeachment against a Cabinet secretary since 1876. In 1876, Secretary of War William Belknap was impeached for "criminally disregarding his duty as Secretary of War and basely prostituting his high office to his lust for private gain."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Key_legislation">Key legislation</span></h2> <p>This section provides overviews of key federal legislation considered during the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biden administration</a>. To be included, the bill must have met several of the following qualifying factors: </p> <ul><li>Collaboration between the president and congressional leadership on the bill</li> <li>Use of the reconciliation process to pass the bill</li> <li>Changes to the congressional procedure to pass the bill</li> <li>Estimated cost of the bill as evaluated by the <a href="/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li>Extent of public relations campaign to promote the bill</li> <li>Domestic and international policy ramifications</li></ul> <h3><span id="H.R.815:_Making_emergency_supplemental_appropriations_for_the_fiscal_year_ending_September_30.2C_2024.2C_and_for_other_purposes."></span><span class="mw-headline" id="H.R.815:_Making_emergency_supplemental_appropriations_for_the_fiscal_year_ending_September_30,_2024,_and_for_other_purposes.">H.R.815: Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/H.R.815:_Making_emergency_supplemental_appropriations_for_the_fiscal_year_ending_September_30,_2024,_and_for_other_purposes." title="H.R.815: Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.">H.R.815: Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes.</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) signed <b>H.R.815</b> into law on April 24, 2024. The bill provided for $95 billion in foreign aid, primarily in the form of weapons, equipment, and supplies, and new sanctions against "individuals and entities engaged in trafficking of fentanyl and other opioids."<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> The <a href="/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> approved the bill in a 79-18 vote on April 23, and the <a href="/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> approved the bill in a 316-94 vote on April 19.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>Key features of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Almost $61 billion in war aid for Ukraine</li> <li>Over $26 billion in military assistance for Israel and humanitarian assistance for Gaza</li> <li>$8 billion in military aid to Taiwan and the Indo-Pacific</li> <li>A requirement that the Chinese company ByteDance divest from their app TikTok by January 19, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></sup> If that requirement was not met, the app would be shut down in the U.S.</li></ul> <p>On December 18, 2024, the Supreme Court said it would hear a case challenging the requirement for ByteDance to divest from TikTok. The court held a hearing on January 10, 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup> On January 17, 2025, the court ruled to uphold the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup> TikTok shut down for about 14 hours on January 19. Upon taking office on January 20, 2025, President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) issued an <a href="/Executive_Order:_Application_of_Protecting_Americans_from_Foreign_Adversary_Controlled_Applications_Act_to_TikTok_(Donald_Trump,_2025)" title="Executive Order: Application of Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act to TikTok (Donald Trump, 2025)">executive order</a> extending the divestment deadline by 75 days.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) signed the <b>Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</b> into law on June 3, 2023. This bill raised the debt ceiling.<sup id="cite_ref-signed_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-signed-14">[14]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> The House voted 314-117 to approve the bill on May 31, 2023, and the Senate voted 63-36 to approve the bill on June 1.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> Treasury Secretary <a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> estimated that the government would shut down if the debt ceiling was not raised by June 5, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>According to the Congressional Research Service, "When total federal spending exceeds total federal revenue, it produces a budget deficit. When faced with a deficit, the Department of the Treasury typically issues debt in order to obtain the funds necessary to finance current federal obligations. The amount of money that Treasury may borrow, however, is restricted by a statutory limit on the debt (referred to as the debt limit or debt ceiling)." In the last 40 years, Congress has passed 48 laws related to the debt ceiling. About 40% of these bills were stand-alone legislation that only contained provisions to raise or suspend the debt ceiling, while the other 60% were attached to a bill with provisions addressing other subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> </p><p>The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 fell into the latter category. Key measures of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Suspending the debt ceiling until January 2025.</li> <li>Capping non-defense spending at $704 billion for fiscal year 2024. Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare spending would be excluded from this cap. Defense spending would be capped at $886 billion in fiscal year 2024.</li> <li>Rescinding about $30 billion of unspent coronavirus relief funding.</li> <li>Rescinding $1.4 billion of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) funding. It would also move $20 billion of the $80 billion allocated to the agency in the <a href="/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a> to non-defense funds.</li> <li>Enhancing work requirements for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families program (TANF).</li> <li>Simplifying environmental reviews for energy projects.</li> <li>Ending the <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">student loan debt repayment pause</a> in August 2023.</li></ul> <h3><span id="H.J.Res.7:_Relating_to_a_national_emergency_declared_by_the_President_on_March_13.2C_2020."></span><span class="mw-headline" id="H.J.Res.7:_Relating_to_a_national_emergency_declared_by_the_President_on_March_13,_2020.">H.J.Res.7: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/H.J.Res.7:_Relating_to_a_national_emergency_declared_by_the_President_on_March_13,_2020." class="mw-redirect" title="H.J.Res.7: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.">H.J.Res.7: Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020.</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) signed <b>H.J.Res.7</b> into law on April 10, 2023. The resolution ended the national coronavirus state of emergency.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>The state of emergency began during the <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) administration when Trump signed a proclamation on March 13, 2020, retroactively beginning the state of emergency on March 1, 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-initialdeclare_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-initialdeclare-18">[18]</a></sup> The state of emergency ended on April 10, 2023, when Biden signed H.J.Res.7 into law. Biden had previously said he planned to end the state of emergency in May 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> voted 229-197 to approve the resolution on February 1, and the <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> voted 68-23 to approve the resolution on March 29.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> The resolution was introduced by Rep. <a href="/Paul_Gosar" title="Paul Gosar">Paul Gosar</a> (R-Ariz.) on January 9, under the title "Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020."<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>The president has the authority to issue a state of national emergency under the National Emergencies Act. During a national state of emergency, additional powers and authorities are granted to the executive branch, often through the provisions of other laws.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span id="H.J.Res.30:_Providing_for_congressional_disapproval_of_the_rule_submitted_by_the_Department_of_Labor_relating_to_.22Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights.22"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="H.J.Res.30:_Providing_for_congressional_disapproval_of_the_rule_submitted_by_the_Department_of_Labor_relating_to_"Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights"">H.J.Res.30: Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/H.J.Res.30:_Providing_for_congressional_disapproval_of_the_rule_submitted_by_the_Department_of_Labor_relating_to_%22Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights%22" title="H.J.Res.30: Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"">H.J.Res.30: Providing for congressional disapproval of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"</a></i></dd></dl> <p><b>H.J.Res. 30</b> was a <a href="/Joint_resolution_of_disapproval" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint resolution of disapproval">joint resolution of disapproval</a> under the terms of the <a href="/Congressional_Review_Act" title="Congressional Review Act">Congressional Review Act</a> (CRA) passed by the 118th Congress. President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) vetoed the bill on March 20, 2023, marking the first <a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">veto</a> of his presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p><p>The resolution sought to void a Department of Labor <a href="/Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights_rule_(2023)" title="Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights rule (2023)">rule</a> that amended the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to allow retirement plans to consider certain <a href="/Environmental,_social,_and_corporate_governance_(ESG)" title="Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)">environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)</a> factors in investment-related decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-reg_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reg-21">[21]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></sup> To read more about the rule, <a href="/Prudence_and_Loyalty_in_Selecting_Plan_Investments_and_Exercising_Shareholder_Rights_rule_(2023)" title="Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights rule (2023)">click here</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> voted 216-204 to approve the resolution on February 28, and the <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> voted 50-46 to approve the resolution on March 1.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> The resolution was introduced by Rep. <a href="/Andy_Barr" title="Andy Barr">Andy Barr</a> (R-Ky.) on February 7, under the full title "Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'". </p><p>The CRA is a federal law that affords Congress a check on the <a href="/Rulemaking" title="Rulemaking">rulemaking</a> activities of federal agencies. The law creates a review period during which <a href="/Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress">Congress</a>, by passing a <a href="/Joint_resolution_of_disapproval" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint resolution of disapproval">joint resolution of disapproval</a> later signed by the president, can overturn a new federal agency rule and block the issuing agency from creating a similar rule in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-USNews_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNews-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vecc_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vecc-24">[24]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smithsonian_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smithsonian-25">[25]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Respect_for_Marriage_Act_of_2022">Respect for Marriage Act of 2022</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Respect_for_Marriage_Act_of_2022" title="Respect for Marriage Act of 2022">Respect for Marriage Act of 2022</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Respect for Marriage Act of 2022 was a bill codifying the recognition of marriages between individuals of the same sex and of different races, ethnicities, or national origins. It was passed by the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> and signed into law by President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) on December 13, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> voted 61-36 to approve an amended version of the bill on November 29, 2022. The House approved the amended bill in a 258-169 vote on December 8.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-27">[27]</a></sup> </p><p>Noteworthy elements of the law include:<sup id="cite_ref-billtext_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billtext-28">[28]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Removing the definition, established in the Defense of Marriage Act of 1996 (DOMA), of <i>marriage</i> as between a man and a woman and <i>spouse</i> as a person of the opposite sex for the purposes of federal law, and replacing it with "an individual shall be considered married if that individual’s marriage is valid in the State where the marriage was entered into."</li> <li>Amending the provision in DOMA that allowed states not to recognize same-sex marriages entered into in other states, and replacing it with a requirement that states not deny any rights or claims pertaining to marriages entered into in other states regardless of the married individuals' sex, race, ethnicity, or national origin.</li> <li>Providing that the bill would not impact religious liberty or conscience protections, or provide grounds to compel nonprofit religious organizations to recognize same-sex marriages.</li></ul> <p>Rep. <a href="/Jerry_Nadler" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerry Nadler">Jerry Nadler</a> (D-N.Y.) was this bill's lead sponsor in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-27">[27]</a></sup> In the Senate, the bill was amended to include proposed provisions regarding religious liberty and nonprofit religious organizations. Negotiations on the amendment were led by Sens. <a href="/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> (D-Wis.), <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (R-Maine), <a href="/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> (R-Ohio), <a href="/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> (D-Ariz.), and <a href="/Thom_Tillis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a> (R-N.C.).<sup id="cite_ref-amend_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amend-29">[29]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022 was a bill signed into law by President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) on December 23, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> The Senate approved the bill, which was attached to a year-end omnibus funding bill, in a 68-29 vote on December 22, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-senvote_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senvote-30">[30]</a></sup> The House approved the bill in a 225-201 vote the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-housevote_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-housevote-31">[31]</a></sup> </p><p>Sen. <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (R-Maine) introduced the bill on July 20, 2022. Collins and Sen. <a href="/Joe_Manchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-W.Va.) led negotiations on the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></sup> When Collins introduced the bill, the following senators signed on as co-sponsors: Manchin, <a href="/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> (R-Ohio), <a href="/Kyrsten_Sinema" title="Kyrsten Sinema">Kyrsten Sinema</a> (D-Ariz.), <a href="/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (R-Utah), <a href="/Jeanne_Shaheen" title="Jeanne Shaheen">Jeanne Shaheen</a> (D-N.H.), <a href="/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> (R-Alaska), <a href="/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> (D-Va.), <a href="/Thom_Tillis" class="mw-redirect" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a> (R-N.C.), <a href="/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy</a> (D-Conn.), <a href="/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Shelley Moore Capito</a> (R-W.Va.), <a href="/Ben_Cardin" title="Ben Cardin">Ben Cardin</a> (D-Md.), <a href="/Todd_Young" title="Todd Young">Todd Young</a> (R-Ind.), <a href="/Chris_Coons" title="Chris Coons">Chris Coons</a> (D-Del.), <a href="/Ben_Sasse" title="Ben Sasse">Ben Sasse</a> (R-Neb.), and <a href="/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> (R-S.C.). </p><p>This bill changed the procedure for counting electoral votes outlined in the Electoral Count Act of 1887. <a href="/Electoral_Count_Reform_and_Presidential_Transition_Improvement_Act_of_2022" title="Electoral Count Reform and Presidential Transition Improvement Act of 2022">Click here</a> to read more about the Electoral Count Act. </p><p>Elements of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Specifying that the vice president's role at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes is ministerial and that he or she cannot solely adjudicate disputes over electors.</li> <li>Raising the objection threshold at the joint session of congress to count electoral votes to one-fifth of the members of both the House of Representatives and the Senate. Under the 1887 Electoral Count Act, the threshold was one member from each chamber of Congress.</li> <li>Identifying governors as the single official responsible for submitting the certificate of ascertainment identifying that state’s electors, unless that official is otherwise identified in the state's law or constitution.</li> <li>Providing for expedited judicial review of certain claims about states' certificates identifying their electors.</li></ul> <p>Since the 1887 passage of the Electoral Count Act, there have been three joint sessions of congress to count electoral votes where members were able to advance an objection by meeting the Electoral Count Act's threshold of one U.S. House member and one U.S. Senate member submitting written objections. These objections were raised in 1969, 2005, and 2021. After an objection to Arizona's electoral votes was raised in 2021, the last time congress met in a joint session to count electoral votes before the introduction of this bill, the proceedings were interrupted due to a breach of the U.S. Capitol. <a href="/Breach_of_U.S._Capitol_during_electoral_vote_count_(January_6,_2021)" title="Breach of U.S. Capitol during electoral vote count (January 6, 2021)">Click here</a> to read more. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act_of_2022">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Bipartisan_Safer_Communities_Act_of_2022" title="Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022">Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act of 2022 was a firearm regulation and mental health bill passed by the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> and signed into law by President Joe Biden (D) on June 25, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-cbsJune25_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbsJune25-34">[34]</a></sup>. </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> voted 64-34 to approve a motion to proceed on June 21.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-27">[27]</a></sup> The Senate voted 65-34 to invoke cloture on the bill on June 23, and approved the bill in a 65-33 vote on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-cloture_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cloture-35">[35]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-axiosJune23_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axiosJune23-36">[36]</a></sup> The House approved the bill in a 234-193 vote on June 24.<sup id="cite_ref-houseyes_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houseyes-37">[37]</a></sup> </p><p>Sen. <a href="/Chris_Murphy" title="Chris Murphy">Chris Murphy</a> (D-Conn.) released the bill in the form of an amendment to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2938/all-actions-without-amendments">S. 2938</a> on June 21, 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-bill_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bill-27">[27]</a></sup> Features of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Expanded background checks for individuals under the age of 21 purchasing firearms.</li> <li>Providing $11 billion for mental health services, including increased funding for the Medicaid Certified Community Behavioral Health Clinic program, increased funding for school-based mental health programs, and investments in pediatric mental healthcare services.</li> <li>Preventing individuals who have been convicted of a domestic violence misdemeanor or felony in dating relationships from purchasing firearms for five years.</li> <li>Providing $750 million for state grants to implement crisis intervention order programs, also referred to as <i>red-flag laws</i>, that would allow authorities to confiscate firearms from individuals who have been determined by a court to be a significant danger to themselves or others. The grants could also be used to support mental health courts, drug courts, veterans courts, and extreme risk protection orders.</li> <li>Providing $2 billion for community-based violence prevention initiatives.</li></ul> <p>Negotiations on the bill began after a <a href="/United_States_school_shootings_and_firearm_incidents,_1990-present#Texas" title="United States school shootings and firearm incidents, 1990-present">school shooting in Uvalde, Texas</a>, on May 24, 2022. On June 12, a working group of senators announced they had reached an agreement on the bill's framework. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The <b>Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</b> was a federal <a href="/Budget_reconciliation_in_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget reconciliation in the United States Congress">budget reconciliation</a> bill signed into law by President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) on August 16, 2022, addressing climate change, healthcare costs, and tax enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> To read a summary of the bill prepared by the Congressional Research Service, click <a href="/Inflation_Reduction_Act_of_2022#Summary_of_the_bill" title="Inflation Reduction Act of 2022">here</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> voted 51-50 to pass the bill on August 7, 2022, and the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> voted 220-207 to pass the bill on August 12.<sup id="cite_ref-billpage_7-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-billpage-7">[7]</a></sup> Senate Majority Leader <a href="/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D-N.Y.) released legislative text for the bill on July 27.<sup id="cite_ref-text_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-text-43">[43]</a></sup> </p><p>Features of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>A $369 billion investment to address energy security and climate change</li> <li>An extension of <a href="/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> subsidies</li> <li>Allowing Medicare to negotiate certain drug prices</li> <li>A 15% corporate minimum tax, a 1% stock buyback fee, and enhanced Internal Revenue Service (IRS) enforcement</li> <li>An estimated $300 billion deficit reduction from 2022-2031<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cbo_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbo-47">[47]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>The bill was passed through the <a href="/Budget_reconciliation_in_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget reconciliation in the United States Congress">budget reconciliation process</a>, which provides a procedural path around the supermajority requirement in the Senate. It was created by the <a href="/Congressional_Budget_and_Impoundment_Control_Act_of_1974" title="Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974">Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974</a> to facilitate a quicker process for reviewing and passing certain bills related to spending, revenues, and debt. This process is not subject to the filibuster and only requires a simple majority vote.<sup id="cite_ref-CBPP_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPP-48">[48]</a></sup> At the time of the Inflation Reduction Act's passage, the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> had passed one other reconciliation bill (<a href="/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a>) and proposed one other reconciliation bill (<a href="/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a>). </p> <h3><span id="Freedom_to_Vote:_John_R._Lewis_Act_.28amendment_to_H.R._5746:_NASA_Enhanced_Use_Leasing_Extension_Act_of_2021.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Freedom_to_Vote:_John_R._Lewis_Act_(amendment_to_H.R._5746:_NASA_Enhanced_Use_Leasing_Extension_Act_of_2021)">Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act (amendment to H.R. 5746: NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021)</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Freedom_to_Vote:_John_R._Lewis_Act_(amendment_to_H.R._5746:_NASA_Enhanced_Use_Leasing_Extension_Act_of_2021)" title="Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act (amendment to H.R. 5746: NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021)">Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act (amendment to H.R. 5746: NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021)</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act was a voting bill presented in the form of an amendment to the NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021 (<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5746/amendments">H. R. 5746</a>). </p><p>The House Rules Committee added the amendment to the NASA Enhanced Use Leasing Extension Act of 2021 in order to allow for debate on the bill in the Senate without having to meet the 60-vote filibuster threshold.<sup id="cite_ref-rc_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rc-49">[49]</a></sup> To read more, <a href="#Relationship_to_the_filibuster">click here</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/U.S._Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senate">U.S. Senate</a> voted down the bill on January 19, 2022. The <a href="/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> approved the bill on January 13, 2022. To read the full text of the amendment, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-117HR5746EAS-RCP117-28.pdf">click here</a>. </p><p>Proposals in the Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act included:<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Making Election Day a public holiday</li> <li>Allowing for same-day voter registration, establishing minimum early voting periods, and allowing absentee voting for any reason</li> <li>Restrictions on the removal of local election administrators in federal elections</li> <li>Regulations on congressional redistricting</li> <li>Expanding campaign finance disclosure rules for some organizations</li> <li>Amending the <a href="/Voting_Rights_Act" title="Voting Rights Act">Voting Rights Act</a> to require some states to obtain clearance from the U.S. Department of Justice before implementing new election laws</li></ul> <p>The amendment's provisions were based on two previously proposed bills: the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/2747">Freedom to Vote Act</a> and the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/4">John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act of 2021</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The <b>American Rescue Plan Act of 2021</b> was a federal <a href="/Budget_reconciliation_in_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget reconciliation in the United States Congress">budget reconciliation</a> bill passed by the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> and signed into law by President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) on March 11, 2021, to provide economic relief in response to the <a href="/Documenting_America%27s_Path_to_Recovery" title="Documenting America's Path to Recovery">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. To read the full text of the bill, click <a href="/HR_1319%E2%80%94American_Rescue_Plan_Act_of_2021" title="HR 1319—American Rescue Plan Act of 2021">here</a>. </p><p>According to the White House, the key features of the law included the following government initiatives and investments:<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Spend approximately $160 billion on national vaccination program and response</li> <li>Spend approximately $130 billion to safely reopen schools</li> <li>Distribute $1,400 per person in relief payments</li> <li>Extend unemployment benefits to September 6, 2021</li> <li>Increase Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits by 15 percent through September 2021</li> <li>Increase the Child Tax Credit from $2,000 to $3,000 per child over age 6 and $3,600 per child under age 6</li> <li>Increase the Earned Income Tax Credit</li> <li>Expand childcare assistance and provide an additional tax credit for childcare costs</li> <li>Provide $1 billion to states for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients</li> <li>Lower health insurance premiums</li></ul> <p>The bill was passed through the <a href="/Budget_reconciliation_in_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Budget reconciliation in the United States Congress">budget reconciliation process</a>, which provides a procedural path around the supermajority requirement in the Senate. It was created by the <a href="/Congressional_Budget_and_Impoundment_Control_Act_of_1974" title="Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974">Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974</a> to facilitate a quicker process for reviewing and passing certain bills related to spending, revenues, and debt. This process is not subject to the filibuster and only requires a simple majority vote.<sup id="cite_ref-CBPP_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBPP-48">[48]</a></sup> No Republican House or Senate member supported the bill. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="For_the_People_Act_of_2021">For the People Act of 2021</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/HR1,_%22For_the_People_Act_of_2021%22" title="HR1, "For the People Act of 2021"">For the People Act of 2021</a></i></dd></dl> <p><b>HR1</b>, also known as the "<b>For the People Act of 2021</b>," was a federal election law and government ethics bill before the <a href="/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th United States Congress</a>. It cleared the United States House of Representatives on March 3, 2021. It did not receive a vote in the Senate and did not become law. </p> <div style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;"> <div style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; color:#202020;"> <b>HIGHLIGHTS</b></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li><b>Summary</b>: According to the Congressional Research Service, HR1 "expands voter registration (e.g., automatic and same-day registration) and voting access (e.g., vote-by-mail and early voting). It also limits removing voters from voter rolls. ... Further, the bill addresses campaign finance, including by expanding the prohibition on campaign spending by foreign nationals, requiring additional disclosure of campaign-related fundraising and spending, requiring additional disclaimers regarding certain political advertising, and establishing an alternative campaign funding system for certain federal offices." </li></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>The United States House of Representatives approved HR1 on March 3, 2021, by a vote of 220-210, with all but one present Democrat voting in favor and all present Republicans voting against it. The Senate companion bill, S1, was introduced in that chamber on March 17. On June 22, the Senate voted 50-50 to allow debate on the bill, shy of the 60 votes needed to proceed.</li></div></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act_of_2021">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act_of_2021" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The <b>Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021</b> (IIJA) was a federal bill passed by the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a> and signed into law by President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) on November 15, 2021. To read the full text of the bill, click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22Infrastructure+Investment+and+Jobs+Act%22%5D%7D&s=3&r=11">here</a>. </p><p>According to the White House, the key features of the bill included:<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>$89.9 billion in new infrastructure funding and reauthorizations</li> <li>$66 billion in funding for Amtrak maintenance and development</li> <li>$40 billion in new funding for bridge repair, replacement, and rehabilitation</li> <li>$55 billion in funding for clean drinking water</li> <li>$65 billion in funding to create universal access to reliable high-speed internet</li> <li>$65 billion in funding for clean energy transmission and power infrastructure upgrades</li></ul> <p>The original Democratic infrastructure proposal had outlined $2.6 trillion in spending, including on additional sectors such as public housing and research and development. The $1.2 trillion Senate bill allocated $550 billion in new spending on transportation, water and power infrastructure, and pollution cleanup, in addition to regular annual spending on infrastructure projects.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-54">[54]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> </p><p>The Senate <a href="#Roll_calls">passed the bill</a> on August 10, 2021, with bipartisan support by a vote of 69-30.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup> The House <a href="#Roll_calls">passed the bill</a> in a 228-206 vote on November 5, 2021, with 215 Democrats and 13 Republicans voting in favor of the bill and six Democrats and 200 Republicans voting against it.<sup id="cite_ref-housepass_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-housepass-58">[58]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup> </p><p>House Speaker <a href="/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-Calif.) initially said in August that she would not take up the bill in the House until the Senate also passed a $3.5 trillion <a href="/Congressional_Budget_Resolution_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="Congressional Budget Resolution for Fiscal Year 2022">budget resolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup> The House had been expected to vote on the bill by September 27 as part of a nonbinding commitment in the budget resolution, but Pelosi deferred the vote to September 30.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Defer_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Defer-62">[62]</a></sup> No floor vote was held, and Pelosi deferred the vote twice more to October 1 and then October 31.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oct31_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oct31-64">[64]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foxoct1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxoct1-65">[65]</a></sup> The House voted to approve the bill on November 5, 2021. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Build_Back_Better_Act_of_2021">Build Back Better Act of 2021</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Build_Back_Better_Act" title="Build Back Better Act">Build Back Better Act</a></i></dd></dl> <p>The <b>Build Back Better Act</b> (H.R. 5376) was a bill pending before the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a>. It cleared the United States House of Representatives on November 19, 2021. The United States Senate did not take up the bill and it did not become law. To read the full text of the bill, click <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-117HR5376RH-RCP117-18.pdf">here</a>. </p><p>House Democrats released a $1.75 trillion budget framework on October 28, 2021, for spending on climate change, childcare, and healthcare.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) announced his support for the framework the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup> Key spending included the following initiatives:<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>$555 billion aiming to address climate change and renewable energy investment</li> <li>$400 billion aiming to address childcare, childcare costs, and universal pre-K</li> <li>$165 billion aiming to address healthcare and Medicare hearing expansion</li> <li>$150 billion aiming to address public housing and affordability issues</li> <li>$150 billion aiming to address home care</li></ul> <p>A second draft of the framework was presented in a November 3 meeting of the House Committee on Rules, which added provisions related to paid leave and Medicare prescription drug pricing.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></sup> Democrats introduced a $3.5 trillion version of the bill on August 11. To read about the initial $3.5 trillion budget proposal, <a href="/Congressional_Budget_Resolution_for_Fiscal_Year_2022" title="Congressional Budget Resolution for Fiscal Year 2022">click here</a>. </p><p>The House <a href="#Congressional_action">passed the bill</a> on November 19, 2021, in a 220-213 vote. One Democrat and 212 Republicans voted against the bill, and 220 Democrats voted in favor of the bill. </p><p>House Speaker <a href="/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-Calif.) initially said in August that she would not take up the <a href="/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act_of_2021" title="Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021">Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021</a> in the House until the budget resolution was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></sup> The infrastructure bill was passed by the Senate on August 10.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></sup> Pelosi later scheduled and deferred several votes on the infrastructure bill at the end of September and October as Congress debated the content of both measures. Click here to read more about the <a href="#Connection_to_infrastructure_bill">dual track for the budget and infrastructure bills</a>. </p> <h2><span id="Biden.27s_executive_orders_and_actions"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Biden's_executive_orders_and_actions">Biden's executive orders and actions</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">Joe Biden's executive orders and actions</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) signed 162 executive orders, 242 presidential memoranda, 725 proclamations, and 152 notices. </p><p>Each of these presidential documents is different in authority and implementation. Executive orders are directives written by the president to officials within the executive branch requiring them to take or stop some action related to policy or management. They are numbered, published in the <i><a href="/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a></i>, and cite the authority by which the president is making the order.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper1_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper1-74">[74]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USAT_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAT-75">[75]</a></sup> </p><p>Presidential memoranda and notices also include instructions directed at executive officials, but they are neither numbered nor have the same publication requirements. The <a href="/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Office of Management and Budget</a> is also not required to issue a budgetary impact statement on the subject of the memoranda or notices.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></sup> </p><p>In his 2014 book, <i>By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action</i>, Phillip J. Cooper, a professor of public administration at Portland State University, wrote, "As a practical matter, the memorandum is now being used as the equivalent of an executive order, but without meeting the legal requirements for an executive order."<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper2_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper2-78">[78]</a></sup> </p><p>Proclamations are a third type of executive directive that typically relate to private individuals or ceremonial events, such as holidays and commemorations.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-76">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></sup> </p> <div style="margin: 5px 1%; border: 0px; border-left: 10px solid #E5E5E5; background: #fbfbfb;"> <div style="padding: .5em 1em 0.3em; font-size: 90%; width: 100%; color:#202020;"> <b>HIGHLIGHTS</b></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li>Biden issued an <a href="#Historical_use_of_executive_orders,_1789-2025">average</a> of 41 executive orders per year in office, the third-lowest average among the seven presidents who held office since 1981. </li></div> <div style="padding: 0em 1.1em 0.3em; width: 100%;"><li><a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>'s (R) average was highest within this timeframe, at 55 executive orders, and <a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>’s (D) average was lowest, at 35.</li></div></div> <p><b><a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">Click here for a complete list of Biden's executive actions.</a></b> </p> <h3><span id="Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_.282022.29"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)">Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)</a></i></dd></dl> <p>On June 30, 2023, the <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> struck down the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Biden administration's</a> student loan debt relief plan. In a 6-3 decision, the court ruled in <a href="/Biden_v._Nebraska" title="Biden v. Nebraska"><i>Biden v. Nebraska</i></a> that the 2003 HEROES Act did not provide the U.S. Department of Education with the authority to cancel parts of student loans on a large scale.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></sup> <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)#Lawsuits" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">Click here</a> to read more about the lawsuit, and <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)#Legal_background" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">click here</a> to read more about the 2003 HEROES Act. </p><p>After the Supreme Court struck down Biden's 2022 student debt cancellation plan, the Biden administration announced several other student loan debt cancellation plans with more limited scopes. <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)#Aftermath" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">Click here to read more</a>. </p><p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) announced the three-part student loan debt relief plan, which aimed to offer "targeted debt relief as part of a comprehensive effort to address the burden of growing college costs and make the student loan system more manageable for working families," on August 25, 2022. The administration intended that the plan take effect before borrowers were required to resume payments on their student loans, which were first paused in response to the coronavirus in March 2020 by the <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-plan_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-81">[81]</a></sup> On June 3, 2023, Biden signed into law the <a href="/Fiscal_Responsibility_Act_of_2023" title="Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023">Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023</a>, which raised the debt ceiling and contained a provision ending the repayment pause 60 days after June 30, 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-debtceiling_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debtceiling-82">[82]</a></sup> On June 12, 2023, a representative for the <a href="/U.S._Department_of_Education" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a> clarified the timeline for the resumption of student loan repayments, stating, "Student loan interest will resume starting on September 1, 2023, and payments will be due starting in October. ... We will notify borrowers well before payments restart."<sup id="cite_ref-resume_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-resume-83">[83]</a></sup> </p><p>Noteworthy elements of the plan included:<sup id="cite_ref-plan_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-plan-81">[81]</a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Cancellation of up to $20,000 of student loan debt for Pell Grant recipients and $10,000 for other borrowers making under $125,000</li> <li>A final student loan repayment pause through December 31, 2022<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></sup></li> <li>A reduction in monthly payment amounts and the coverage of unpaid monthly interest when a borrower makes monthly payments</li> <li>Expansion of employment types that qualify for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program</li> <li>Increased oversight of higher education programs with high debt levels</li> <li>Only federal student loans held by the Department of Education would be eligible for debt cancellation.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></sup></li></ul> <p>On June 7, 2023, Biden vetoed a joint resolution of disapproval passed by Congress that sought to void the student loan plan. <a href="/Biden_Administration_Student_Loan_Debt_Relief_Plan_(2022)#Legislative_action" title="Biden Administration Student Loan Debt Relief Plan (2022)">Click here</a> to read more about the resolution. </p><p><br /> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States</span></h3> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Presidential_Commission_on_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States_(2021)" title="Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States (2021)">Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States (2021)</a></i></dd></dl> <p>On April 9, 2021, President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) signed an executive order establishing the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States. </p><p>The commission was tasked with evaluating the merits and legality of proposed changes to the Supreme Court's structure and operation, including the Supreme Court's constitutional role, the tenure of justices, the membership of the court, and selection methods and rules for cases. The commission was required to submit a report to Biden within 180 days of the group's first public meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-EO_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EO-86">[86]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Announce_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Announce-87">[87]</a></sup> </p><p>On December 7, the commission submitted its final report to Biden, which can be read <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/SCOTUS-Report-Final.pdf">here</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_judges_nominated_by_Joe_Biden">Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Federal_judges_nominated_by_Joe_Biden" title="Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden">Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden</a></i></dd></dl> <p>During his one term in office, President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) nominated 252 individuals to federal judgeships on <a href="/Article_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Article III">Article III</a> courts. Biden made <b>241</b> judicial appointments.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></sup> Of those appointments, <b>235</b> were Article III judges.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></sup> </p><p>On February 28, 2022, President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) nominated <a href="/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> to the <a href="/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> to replace Justice <a href="/Stephen_Breyer" title="Stephen Breyer">Stephen Breyer</a>, who announced his intent to retire at the start of the court's summer recess, which typically takes place in late June or early July.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></sup> The U.S. Senate confirmed Jackson on April 7, 2022, by a vote of 53-47.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></sup> <a href="/Supreme_Court_vacancy,_2022" title="Supreme Court vacancy, 2022">Click here</a> to read more. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Presidential_and_congressional_approval_ratings">Presidential and congressional approval ratings</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Polling_Indexes" title="Ballotpedia's Polling Indexes">Ballotpedia's Polling Indexes</a></i></dd></dl> <p><iframe title="Daily national approval/opinion ratings (2021-2025)" aria-label="Interactive line chart" id="datawrapper-chart-lz85x" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/lz85x/939/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;" height="474" data-external="1"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">!function(){"use strict";window.addEventListener("message",(function(a){if(void 0!==a.data["datawrapper-height"]){var e=document.querySelectorAll("iframe");for(var t in a.data["datawrapper-height"])for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++)if(e[r].contentWindow===a.source){var i=a.data["datawrapper-height"][t]+"px";e[r].style.height=i}}}))}(); </script> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government">Multistate lawsuits against the federal government</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government_during_the_Biden_administration" title="Multistate lawsuits against the federal government during the Biden administration">Multistate lawsuits against the federal government during the Biden administration</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Multistate lawsuits are legal actions involving two or more state attorneys general. By the end of his term in office, <b>133</b> multistate lawsuits were filed against the Biden administration.<sup id="cite_ref-AGD_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGD-93">[93]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></sup> </p><p><b><a href="/Multistate_lawsuits_against_the_federal_government,_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Multistate lawsuits against the federal government, 2021">Click here for an overview of multistate lawsuits against the federal government during the Biden administration.</a></b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Vetoed_legislation">Vetoed legislation</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation</a></i></dd></dl> <p>President <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D) issued 13 <a href="/U.S._presidents:_Vetoed_legislation" title="U.S. presidents: Vetoed legislation">vetoes</a> during his presidency. </p><p><a href="/Article_I,_United_States_Constitution#Section_7" title="Article I, United States Constitution">Article I</a>, Section 7 of the <a href="/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution">Constitution of the United States</a> gives the president of the United States the ability to veto a bill passed by <a href="/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a>. A veto prevents a bill from being enacted into law. A presidential veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both the <a href="/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. When <a href="/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> overrides a veto, the bill becomes law without the president's approval. </p><p><b><a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">Click here for an overview of vetoed legislation during the Biden administration.</a></b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate">Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate">Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) cast <b>33</b> <a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_vice_presidents_in_the_Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by vice presidents in the Senate">tie-breaking votes in the U.S. Senate</a>. The majority of Harris' tie-breaking votes, 26, were cast during the <a href="/117th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="117th Congress">117th Congress</a>, when the U.S. Senate had a 50-50 partisan makeup. The rest of her votes were cast during the <a href="/118th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="118th Congress">118th Congress</a>, when the U.S. Senate had a 51-49 Democratic majority. </p><p>Under <a href="/Article_I,_United_States_Constitution" title="Article I, United States Constitution">Article I, Section 3, Clause 4</a> of the <a href="/U.S._Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Constitution">U.S. Constitution</a>, the vice president of the United States also serves as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, he or she may cast the deciding vote when there is a tie in the Senate. </p><p>John Adams cast the first tie-breaking vote on July 18, 1789. As of January 24, 2025, there were <b>302</b> tie-breaking votes from 38 vice presidents. <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) (2021-2025) cast the most tie-breaking votes (33) during her tenure as vice president, John C. Calhoun (1825 - 1832) cast the second most (31), and Adams (1789 - 1797) cast the third most (29). </p><p>Twelve vice presidents, including <a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> and <a href="/George_H.W._Bush" title="George H.W. Bush">Dan Quayle</a>, never cast a tie-breaking vote during their time in office.<sup id="cite_ref-VoteHistory_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VoteHistory-95">[95]</a></sup> </p><p>For an overview of tie-breaking votes cast by previous vice presidents, <a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_vice_presidents_in_the_Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by vice presidents in the Senate">click here</a>. </p><p><b><a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate">Click here for an overview of tie-breaking votes cast by Harris.</a></b> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Transition_Tracker">Transition Tracker</span></h2> <dl><dd><i>See also: <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Daily_Transition_Tracker" title="Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker">Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker</a></i></dd></dl> <p>This section provides an archive of news stories related to the Biden presidential transition, as curated in <a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Daily_Transition_Tracker" title="Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker">Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2021">2021</span></h3> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#apr2021" style="background:#eee;">April 2021 (click to collapse)</a><div id="apr2021" class="panel-expand expand"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul><li><b>April 29, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation held a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> for director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.</li> <li>Biden announced three more federal judicial nominees: <ul><li><a href="/David_G._Estudillo" title="David G. Estudillo">David G. Estudillo</a> for the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington;</li> <li><a href="/Tana_Lin" title="Tana Lin">Tana Lin</a> for the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington; and</li> <li><a href="/Christine_O%27Hearn" title="Christine O'Hearn">Christine O'Hearn</a> for United States District Court for the District of New Jersey.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>Apri 28, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00174">confirmed</a> <a href="/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a> to be administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development by a vote of 68-26.</li> <li>Biden delivered his first <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_address_to_joint_session_of_Congress_(April_28,_2021)" title="Joe Biden's address to joint session of Congress (April 28, 2021)">public address</a> to a joint session of Congress. Sen. Tim Scott (R-S.C.) delivered the Republican Party's response to Biden’s address. Rep. Jamaal Bowman (D-N.Y.) delivered the response for the Working Families Party.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 23, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/04/22/bidens-bold-move-recognize-armenian-genocide/">expected</a> to recognize the killing and deportation of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire during World War I as genocide. He would be the first president to do so since President Ronald Reagan (R).</li> <li>Biden was expected to call for raising the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/biden-propose-hike-capital-gains-taxes-pay-more-child-care-sources-2021-04-22/">top marginal income tax rate</a> to 39.6% from 37% as part of the American Family Plan, set to be released in full the following week. The proposal was also expected to double taxes on capital gains to 39.6% for individuals earning more than $1 million.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 22, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/executive-summary-u-s-international-climate-finance-plan/?utm_medium=email&_hsmi=122880589&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9BDl-3NTbCzQ5aavu1rzoZyCToYi6m_BfPgqXbe_nFJAqG8UwLBVP-s7sRWCBMMwqeWYGgej2TRcL2tbYc7QjkNi7EGoNOSdVJIR9TfTTrxhfNeIk&utm_content=122880589&utm_source=hs_email">released</a> his “International Climate Finance Plan”, as previously discussed in his climate executive order signed Jan. 27. In a summary provided by the White House, the plan stated the U.S. intended to double its annual public climate finance to developing countries, compared to the average level during the second half of the Obama administration, by 2024.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/leaders-summit-on-climate/about/">convened</a> a two-day virtual climate summit to discuss emissions reduction and other climate actions. Forty countries were invited. Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/">announced</a> his administration was targeting a 50-52 percent reduction of economy-wide net greenhouse gas pollution from 2005 levels in 2030.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 21, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/21/politics/colin-kahl-nomination-advances/index.html">voted</a> 50-50 on the discharge of Colin Kahl’s nomination for under secretary of defense for policy from the Senate Armed Services Committee. Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) cast the tie-breaking vote to advance Kahl’s nomination.</li> <li>The Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee held a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2021/04/22/biden-usps-confirmation-hearing/">confirmation hearing</a> for Biden’s three nominees for the United States Postal Service Board of Governors: Ron Stroman, Anton Hajjar, and Amber McReynolds.</li> <li>Biden said that the U.S. had administered 200 million vaccine doses. He also announced a tax credit for small businesses that would allow workers paid time off to receive the vaccine. To learn more about vaccine distribution by state, <a href="/Coronavirus_(COVID-19)_vaccine_distribution_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine distribution by state">click here</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 20, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=117&session=1&vote=00157">confirmed</a> <a href="/Gary_Gensler" title="Gary Gensler">Gary Gensler</a> to the Securities and Exchange Commission for a term ending on June 5, 2026. Four Republicans supported his nomination: Sens. Susan Collins (Maine), Chuck Grassley (Iowa), Cynthia Lummis (Wyo.), and Mike Rounds (S.D.).</li> <li>The Office of Management and Budget said in a statement that the Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/SAP-H.R.-51.pdf">supported</a> H.R. 51, which seeks to make Washington, D.C., a state.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 19, 2021</b>: Twenty Republican attorneys general <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/20-republican-ags-oppose-alarming-court-packing-efforts-in-letter-to-biden-congressional-leaders">sent</a> a letter to Biden and congressional leadership to oppose potentially expanding the number of justices on the Supreme Court.</li> <li><b>April 15, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Biden administration announced several <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/548367-biden-administration-unveils-sweeping-sanctions-on-russia?rl=1">sanctions</a> against Russia in response to its cyberattacks and efforts to influence elections. After June 14, U.S. financial institutions would not be able to purchase bonds from or lend to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the National Wealth Fund of the Russian Federation, or the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Additionally, 10 members of the Russian diplomatic mission in Washington, D.C., were being expelled, and six Russian tech companies and 32 individuals were being sanctioned.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/supreme-court-military-draft-biden/2021/04/15/0b80c0b4-9d88-11eb-b7a8-014b14aeb9e4_story.html">requested</a> the Supreme Court decline to take up a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of an all-male military draft. Elizabeth Prelogar, the acting solicitor general, said Congress was reviewing whether women should be required to register for the draft, making consideration of the lawsuit premature.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/15/president-biden-announces-his-intent-to-nominate-nine-career-members-of-the-senior-foreign-service-as-ambassadors/">announced</a> nine Senior Foreign Service career members for ambassadorships: <ul><li>Larry Edward André, Jr. – Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Somalia</li> <li>Elizabeth Moore Aubin – Ambassador to the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria</li> <li>Steven C. Bondy – Ambassador to the Kingdom of Bahrain</li> <li>Maria E. Brewer – Ambassador to the Kingdom of Lesotho</li> <li>Marc Evans Knapper – Ambassador to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam</li> <li>Christopher John Lamora – Ambassador to the Republic of Cameroon</li> <li>Tulinabo S. Mushingi – Ambassador to the Republic of Angola and the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome & Principe</li> <li>Michael Raynor – Ambassador to the Republic of Senegal and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau</li> <li>Eugene S. Young – Ambassador to the Republic of the Congo</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>April 14, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced that the U.S. would <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/biden-us-troop-withdrawal-afghanistan/2021/04/13/918c3cae-9beb-11eb-8a83-3bc1fa69c2e8_story.html">withdraw</a> its troops from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021. This would be four months after the May 1 deadline the Trump administration set as part of an agreement with the Taliban.</li> <li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/548271-senate-confirms-bidens-pick-to-lead-white-house-environmental">confirmed</a> <a href="/Brenda_Mallory" title="Brenda Mallory">Brenda Mallory</a> as chair of the <a href="/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a> by a 53-45 vote. Three Republicans supported her nomination: Sens. Susan Collins (Maine), Lindsey Graham (S.C.), and Rob Portman (Ohio).</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/14/president-biden-announces-erika-l-moritsugu-as-deputy-assistant-to-the-president-and-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-senior-liaison/">announced</a> he had selected Erika Moritsugu as the Asian American and Pacific Islander senior liaison and deputy assistant to the president.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 13, 2021</b>: Biden announced that he had selected Robert Santos as his nominee for <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/13/president-biden-announces-his-intent-to-nominate-robert-santos-for-director-of-the-u-s-census-bureau/">director</a> of the U.S. Census Bureau.*<b>April 15, 2021</b>: The Biden administration announced several <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/548367-biden-administration-unveils-sweeping-sanctions-on-russia?rl=1">sanctions</a> against Russia in response to its cyberattacks and efforts to influence elections. After June 14, U.S. financial institutions would not be able to purchase bonds from or lend to the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the National Wealth Fund of the Russian Federation, or the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Additionally, 10 members of the Russian diplomatic mission in Washington, D.C., were being expelled, and six Russian tech companies and 32 individuals were being sanctioned.</li> <li><b>April 14, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced that the U.S. would <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/biden-us-troop-withdrawal-afghanistan/2021/04/13/918c3cae-9beb-11eb-8a83-3bc1fa69c2e8_story.html">withdraw</a> its troops from Afghanistan by September 11, 2021. This would be four months after the May 1 deadline the Trump administration set as part of an agreement with the Taliban.</li> <li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/548271-senate-confirms-bidens-pick-to-lead-white-house-environmental">confirmed</a> <a href="/Brenda_Mallory" title="Brenda Mallory">Brenda Mallory</a> as chair of the <a href="/Council_on_Environmental_Quality" title="Council on Environmental Quality">Council on Environmental Quality</a> by a 53-45 vote. Three Republicans supported her nomination: Sens. Susan Collins (Maine), Lindsey Graham (S.C.), and Rob Portman (Ohio).</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/14/president-biden-announces-erika-l-moritsugu-as-deputy-assistant-to-the-president-and-asian-american-and-pacific-islander-senior-liaison/">announced</a> he had selected Erika Moritsugu as the Asian American and Pacific Islander senior liaison and deputy assistant to the president.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 13, 2021</b>: Biden announced that he had selected Robert Santos as his nominee for <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/13/president-biden-announces-his-intent-to-nominate-robert-santos-for-director-of-the-u-s-census-bureau/">director</a> of the U.S. Census Bureau.</li> <li><b>April 12, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced nominees for two key <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/12/president-biden-announces-his-intent-to-nominate-key-members-for-the-u-s-department-of-homeland-security/">immigration</a> posts: Ur Jaddou for director of Citizenship and Immigration Services (CIS) and Chris Magnus for commissioner of Customs and Border Control. Jaddou previously worked at the CIS as the chief counsel during the Obama administration. Magnus is the police chief of border city Tucson, Arizona.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/12/nominations-sent-to-the-senate-9/">sent</a> several previously announced nominations to the Senate, including David Chipman for director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives and Robin Carnahan for administrator of general services.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/christine-wormuth-biden-nominee-army-secretary-first-woman/">selected</a> Christine Wormuth as his nominee for secretary of the Army. If confirmed, she would be the first woman to hold that position.</li> <li>Biden domestic policy advisor Susan Rice said the Biden administration would not pursue a White House <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/12/politics/policing-commission-biden/index.html">commission</a> on policing. She said, instead, “The Biden-Harris Administration strongly supports the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act and is working with Congress to swiftly enact meaningful police reform that brings profound, urgently needed change.”</li> <li>Biden was expected to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/amid-a-wave-of-hacks-biden-moves-to-fill-key-cyber-posts-11618202784">nominate</a> Jen Easterly as director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and Chris Inglis as the newly established national cyber director. Easterly is a former senior counterterrorism and cybersecurity official who worked in the Obama administration. Inglis is the former deputy director of the National Security Agency.</li> <li>Biden and Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) with a bipartisan group of Congress members to discuss the American Jobs Plan.</li> <li>Cindy McCain was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2021/04/12/scoop-cindy-mccain-set-to-land-biden-ambassadorship-492440">under consideration</a> for ambassador to the U.N. World Food Programme, which is based in Rome. If nominated, she would be Biden’s first Republican appointee for a position requiring Senate confirmation.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 11, 2021</b>: In an interview, Transportation Secretary <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/11/politics/buttigieg-infrastructure-biden-memorial-day-cnntv/index.html">said</a> Biden “wants to see major action in Congress and real progress by Memorial Day” for the infrastructure bill.</li> <li><b>April 9, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden issued an executive order to convene a bipartisan <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/09/biden-supreme-court-reform-commission-480582">commission</a> on the role and operation of the Supreme Court. Yale Law School professor Cristina Rodríguez and Biden campaign legal strategist Bob Bauer will co-chair the 36-member commission.</li> <li>Biden released the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/09/biden-2022-budget-spending-boost-480550">initial outline</a> of his proposed 2022 federal budget, which included $769 billion for non-defense spending and $753 billion for national defense spending.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 8, 2021</b>: <ul><li>House Speaker <a href="/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-Calif.) said Democrats would likely pursue <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/547224-pelosi-wants-biden-infrastructure-bill-done-by-august">separate</a> legislation on infrastructure and jobs, with a target of passing both before Congress' August recess.</li> <li>Biden was expected to issue several <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/07/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-initial-actions-to-address-the-gun-violence-public-health-epidemic/">executive actions</a> on gun violence related to the purchase of unregistered firearms assembled at home, which the White House called <i>ghost guns</i>; the regulation of pistol-stabilizing braces; model legislation for red flag laws; community violence interventions; and an annual report on firearms trafficking.</li> <li>Biden was also expected to announce David Chipman as his <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-violence-merrick-garland-gun-politics-gun-violence-7ddb30681ca3abbf1a0faa286e3df7b2">nominee</a> for director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF). Chipman is an explosives expert and former ATF agent.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 7, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden promoted the American Jobs Plan during remarks at the White House. His administration also began conducting outreach to governors and mayors and making local TV appearances to support the plan.</li> <li><a href="/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/04/07/jill-biden-announce-joining-forces-plans-aid-military-families/7108590002/">announced</a> details of her Joining Forces initiative, which included expanding job opportunities for military spouses and access to mental health services.</li> <li>The White House was vetting Amos Hochstein as a potential <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/07/biden-envoy-nord-stream-2-479706">special envoy</a> to halt the Nord Stream 2, the Russia-Germany gas pipeline project. Hochstein was a special envoy and coordinator for international energy affairs in the Obama administration.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 6, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/06/covid-vaccine-biden-to-move-deadline-for-states-to-open-shots-to-all-us-adults-to-april-19.html">moved</a> up the deadline for all adults to be eligible for the coronavirus vaccine from May 1 to April 19. For more information about vaccine distribution and eligibility by state, <a href="/Coronavirus_(COVID-19)_vaccine_distribution_by_state#Availability_by_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine distribution by state">click here</a>.</li> <li>Biden announced that he would nominate <a href="/Robin_Carnahan" title="Robin Carnahan">Robin Carnahan</a> (D) to serve as the administrator of the General Services Administration. Carnahan is a former Missouri secretary of state, serving from 2005 to 2013.</li> <li>Tennessee and Kentucky filed a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/attorneygeneral/documents/pr/2021/pr21-15-complaint.pdf">lawsuit</a> against the Biden administration regarding tax provisions in the American Rescue Plan Act. The complaint says the tax provisions prohibit states that receive federal aid under the law from lowering taxes for several years, constituting a federal overreach.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 5, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate parliamentarian <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-bills-ad7e57c5ed9151469a2f579765de4f1a">ruled</a> that a revised budget resolution could use the reconciliation process, which would allow the Senate to pass spending legislation by a simple majority vote rather than 60 votes.</li> <li>The Open Society Foundations <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/george-soros-biden-infrastructure-5cf30ede-f1ef-4630-89cc-906109ccba70.html">planned</a> to spend $20 million to promote Biden's infrastructure and social welfare proposals. <i>Axios</i> reported that spending on the campaign could reach $100 million.</li> <li>Sen. <a href="/Joe_Manchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-W.Va.) said that he opposed Biden’s proposal to raise the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/04/05/joe-manchin-white-house-tax/">corporate tax rate</a> from 21% to 28%, preferring instead 25%. “If I don’t vote to get on it, it’s not going anywhere. So we’re going to have some leverage here. And it’s more than just me. … There’s six or seven other Democrats that feel very strongly about this,” Manchin said.</li></ul></li> <li><b>April 3, 2021</b>: Senate Majority Leader <a href="/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D-N.Y.) said in an interview that he planned to move forward with a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/03/schumer-senate-marijuana-legalization-478963">marijuana legalization bill</a> whether or not Biden supported it. "[Biden] said he's studying the issue, so [I] obviously want to give him a little time to study it. I want to make my arguments to him, as many other advocates will. But at some point we're going to move forward, period," Schumer said.</li> <li><b>April 2, 2021</b>: Seven Democratic governors—Phil Murphy (N.J.), Gavin Newsom (Calif.), Ned Lamont (Conn.), David Ige (Hawaii), J.B. Pritzker (Ill.), Andrew Cuomo (N.Y.), and Kate Brown (Ore.)—called on Biden to lift the $10,000 cap on <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/SALT_Letter_to_Biden.pdf">state and local tax (SALT) deductions</a> established during the Trump administration.</li> <li><b>April 1, 2021</b>: <ul><li>NPR <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/04/01/982795844/biden-administration-considers-overhaul-of-asylum-system-at-southern-border">reported</a> that the Biden administration was considering revamping the asylum system to process cases more quickly. Under this plan, some asylum cases from the southern border would be processed by the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Justice.</li> <li>Biden convened his first in-person <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Cabinet</a> meeting. The meeting focused on the American Jobs Plan and the federal response to COVID-19. Shalanda Young, the acting director of the Office of Management and Budget, attended the meeting along with other confirmed Cabinet members.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-enlists-cabinet-members-help-sell-his-infrastructure-plan-n1262817">assigned</a> five members—Pete Buttigieg (Transportation), Jennifer Granholm (Energy), Marcia Fudge (Housing and Urban Development), Marty Walsh (Labor), and Gina Raimondo (Commerce)—to help represent him in public and congressional relations on the American Jobs Plan.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-review-executive-authority-cancel-student-debt-n1262791">requested</a> that Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona prepare a memo on presidential legal authority to cancel student debt. The Department of Justice will also be involved in its preparation.</li> <li>Citing the Civil Rights Act, the Department of Transportation <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/04/01/dot-texas-highway-equity-478864">paused</a> the expansion of the I-45 highway near Houston following concern it would displace a majority Black and Hispanic community.</li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#mar2021" style="background:#eee;">March 2021 (click to collapse)</a><div id="mar2021" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul><li><b>March 31, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden unveiled the details of his <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/03/31/background-press-call-by-a-senior-administration-official-on-the-presidents-american-jobs-plan/">American Jobs Plan</a>. The $2 trillion infrastructure proposal would eliminate lead pipes and service lines in drinking water systems, rebuild 20,000 miles of road, repair economically significant bridges, and double federal funding for public transit, among other initiatives. Project spending would take place over eight years and be funded by increasing the corporate tax rate from 21% 28% and changing how multinational corporations are taxed.</li> <li>Biden traveled to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/03/31/biden-pittsburgh-infrastructure/">Pittsburgh</a> to promote the American Jobs Plan.</li> <li>Thirteen states, led by Republican attorneys general from Alabama, Arkansas, and West Virginia, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-03-31/13-attorneys-general-sue-biden-admin-over-stimulus-tax-rule">sued</a> the Biden administration regarding a provision in the American Rescue Plan Act that prohibits states from using federal aid to offset tax cuts. The other states involved in the lawsuit aree Alaska, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, New Hampshire, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Utah. Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said in a statement regarding this issue last week, “Nothing in the Act prevents States from enacting a broad variety of tax cuts. It simply provides that funding received under the Act may not be used to offset a reduction in net tax revenue resulting from certain changes in state law.”</li> <li>Biden issued <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/">several proclamations</a> acknowledging monthly awareness programs related to the justice system, cancer, organ donation, child abuse prevention, sexual assault prevention, financial education, transgender visibility, and labor organizing.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/military/biden-admin-scraps-trump-s-restrictions-transgender-troops-n1262646">ended</a> Trump-era restrictions on transgender servicemembers. Troops will be allowed to serve under their self-identified gender and receive medical treatments related to transitioning.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 30, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/30/president-biden-announces-intent-to-nominate-11-judicial-candidates/">announced</a> his first 11 judicial nominees. The White House said in a statement, “This group also includes groundbreaking nominees, including three African American women chosen for Circuit Court vacancies, as well as candidates who, if confirmed, would be the first Muslim American federal judge in U.S. history, the first AAPI woman to ever serve on the U.S. District Court for the District of D.C., and the first woman of color to ever serve as a federal judge for the District of Maryland.” <ul><li>The 11 judicial nominees are listed below: <ul><li><a href="/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a> for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to fill the seat left vacant by Merrick Garland</li> <li>Tiffany Cunningham for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit</li> <li>Candace Jackson-Akiwumi for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit</li> <li><a href="/Deborah_Boardman" title="Deborah Boardman">Deborah Boardman</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland</li> <li><a href="/Lydia_Kay_Griggsby" title="Lydia Kay Griggsby">Lydia Griggsby</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland</li> <li><a href="/Julien_Xavier_Neals" title="Julien Xavier Neals">Julien Neals</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/Florence_Pan" title="Florence Pan">Florence Pan</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia</li> <li><a href="/Zahid_Quraishi" title="Zahid Quraishi">Zahid Quraishi</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/Regina_Rodriguez" title="Regina Rodriguez">Regina Rodriguez</a> for the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado</li> <li>Margaret Strickland for the U.S. District Court for the District of New Mexico</li> <li>Rupa Ranga Puttagunta for the Superior Court of the District of Columbia</li></ul></li> <li>The White House <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/30/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-additional-actions-to-respond-to-anti-asian-violence-xenophobia-and-bias/">announced</a> additional plans to combat anti-Asian violence and bias, including expanding the White House Initiative on Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, establishing a COVID-19 Equity Task Force committee on anti-Asian bias, and creating a cross-agency initiative at the Department of Justice.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 29, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewsolender/2021/03/29/biden-tells-cities-and-states-to-pause-reopening-bring-back-mask-mandates/?sh=62a2a6457cde">called</a> on governors and mayors to reinstate mask mandates. He also said 90% of American adults would be eligible for a coronavirus vaccine by April 19.</li> <li>Biden issued two notices marking the continuation of national emergencies with respect to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/29/notice-on-the-continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-south-sudan/">South Sudan</a> and <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/29/notice-on-the-continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-significant-malicious-cyber-enabled-activities/">malicious cyber activity</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 27, 2021</b>: After Transportation Secretary <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> said in an interview that a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/transportation/infrastructure/545293-infrastructure-bill-wont-include-mileage-tax-dot">mileage tax</a> could be a way to fund the upcoming infrastructure bill, the Department of Transportation clarified that the Biden administration’s upcoming bill would not include one.</li> <li><b>March 26, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden held his first political fundraiser as president for the reelection campaign of Atlanta Mayor <a href="/Keisha_Lance_Bottoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Keisha Lance Bottoms">Keisha Lance Bottoms</a> (D). Bottoms had been <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/atlanta-mayor-bottoms-advisor-confirms-she-declined-offer-to-join-bidens-cabinet/F2QYOU4LR5CJ3NJ5W27Z7K7E4Y/">offered</a> a position in Biden’s Cabinet in 2020 but declined.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-climate-idUSKBN2BI2YJ">invited</a> Chinese President Xi Jinping, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and 38 other world leaders to a climate summit on April 22-23.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-manchin-wife-joe-biden-appointment-5acad530bb9ff8046ab60e756124010c">nominated</a> Gayle Manchin to co-chair the Appalachian Regional Commission. Manchin, who previously served as West Virginia’s secretary of education and arts, is the wife of Sen. <a href="/Joe_Manchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-W.Va.).</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/georgia-voting-laws-biden-justice-department/">criticized</a> an elections law passed in Georgia that would require voter identification for absentee ballots, among other process changes. Biden said the Justice Department was reviewing the measure.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 25, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden held his first <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/25/us/politics/biden-news-conference.html">news conference</a> as president, where he discussed voting rights legislation, economic recovery, immigration, and the filibuster. He said he intended to run for reelection in 2024 with Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D). He also doubled his vaccination goal from 100 million to 200 million doses administered in his first 100 days in office.</li> <li>Biden participated in a European Council meeting virtually, marking the first time a president has addressed an EU summit since 2009.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 24, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced that Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) would oversee the White House’s efforts to address an increase in migrants at the southern border. Her assignment included working with Mexico and the Northern Triangle countries on the root issues of migration.</li> <li>Thirteen states, led by Louisiana, filed a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/03/24/14-states-sue-biden-administration-over-oil-and-gas-leasing-moratorium.html">lawsuit</a> against Biden challenging a Jan. 27 executive order, which paused new oil and natural gas leases on public lands. Louisiana Attorney General <a href="/Jeff_Landry" title="Jeff Landry">Jeff Landry</a> (R) called it an abuse of presidential power. Wyoming separately filed a lawsuit on the same issue.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 23, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a> as the deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget by a vote of 63-37.</li> <li>The Senate also confirmed <a href="/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a> as U.S. surgeon general by a vote of 57-43.</li> <li>Biden issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/23/a-proclamation-honoring-the-victims-of-the-tragedy-in-boulder-colorado/">proclamation</a> to honor the victims of the March 22 Boulder mass shooting. Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/24/politics/joe-biden-gun-control-boulder-colorado-atlanta-shootings/index.html">also</a> called on Congress to “ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines in this country once again.”</li> <li>The Biden administration announced that it was extending the special enrollment period deadline for the federal health insurance marketplace from May 15 to August 15.</li> <li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamminsky/2021/03/23/biden-to-propose-free-community-college-in-next-big-stimulus-bill/?sh=593ba5c4308f">expected</a> to include a proposal for free community college in his upcoming $3 trillion economic stimulus package.</li> <li>Sens. <a href="/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> (D-Ill.) and <a href="/Mazie_Hirono" title="Mazie Hirono">Mazie Hirono</a> (D-Hawaii) said they would <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-biden-cabinet-cabinets-kamala-harris-tammy-duckworth-f3f2c205442b5a515f860158b4ee8a87">withhold support</a> for any future Biden nominees until Biden had more Asian American representation in his administration. They reversed this position after the White House announced it was adding a senior-level Asian American Pacific Islander liaison.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 22, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed Boston Mayor <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Marty_Walsh_for_secretary_of_labor" title="Confirmation process for Marty Walsh for secretary of labor">Marty Walsh</a> as secretary of labor by a vote of 68-29. All 29 votes against his nomination came from Republicans.</li> <li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/22/biden-africa-jeffrey-feltman-ethiopia-tigray-east-africa-gerd/">expected</a> to appoint Jeffrey Feltman, a former senior United Nations official, as the special envoy for the Horn of Africa. The newly created position would be focused on the armed conflict in Ethiopia.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/announcement-of-ricardo-zuniga-as-special-envoy-for-the-northern-triangle/">named</a> career foreign service officer Ricardo Zúñiga as the special envoy for the Northern Triangle countries: Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. The State Department said, “He also will hold our partners accountable for their commitments to address root causes of migration and the increase in arrivals of unaccompanied children at the U.S. southern border.”</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/03/22/975220122/big-tech-showdown-looms-as-biden-taps-top-critics-lina-khan-tim-wu">nominated</a> Lina Khan, an associate professor at Columbia Law School focused on antitrust law, to lead the Federal Trade Commission.</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-omb-shalanda-young/2021/03/21/197634a2-8a77-11eb-aff6-4f720ca2d479_story.html">reported</a> that Asian American advocacy groups had coalesced around Nani Coloretti as a potential nominee for director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). <a href="/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a>, nominee for deputy director of the OMB, was considered the frontrunner for the position. <a href="/Ann_O%E2%80%99Leary" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann O’Leary">Ann O’Leary</a> withdrew from consideration.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 21, 2021</b>: Homeland Security Secretary <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/week-transcript-21-21-homeland-security-secretary-alejandro/story?id=76588952">said</a> that the U.S.-Mexico border was closed and that the U.S. would expel families and single adults. He continued, “We are building safe, orderly and humane ways to address the needs of vulnerable children. Do not come.”</li> <li><b>March 20, 2021</b>: The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-to-spend-86-million-hotel-rooms-migrants-near-border-2021-3">contracted</a> with hotels to house 1,200 migrants crossing the southern border in Arizona and Texas. The $86 million, six-month contract was facilitated by the nonprofit organization Endeavors.</li> <li><b>March 19, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/19/president-biden-announces-his-intent-to-nominate-bill-nelson-for-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration/">announced</a> former U.S. Sen. <a href="/Bill_Nelson" title="Bill Nelson">Bill Nelson</a> (D-Fla.) as his nominee for administrator of NASA. Nelson is one of the few civilians who has traveled to space, participating in a mission onboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in 1986.</li> <li><b>March 18, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/18/a-proclamation-on-honoring-the-victims-of-the-tragedy-in-the-atlanta-metropolitan-area/">proclamation</a> ordering flags be flown at half-staff to honor the victims of the March 16, 2021, Atlanta shooting.</li> <li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> as secretary of health and human services by a vote of 50-49. Sen. <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (Maine) was the only Republican to support his confirmation. Sen. Mazie Hirono (D-Hawaii) did not vote.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 17, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Texas, Montana, and 19 other states filed a lawsuit against the Biden administration for revoking the presidential permit for the Keystone XL pipeline. States not directly affected by the proposed path for the pipeline said its rejection would “also have a ripple effect that adversely impacts the economy and environment in non-pipeline states.”</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/03/17/biden-drug-czar-gupta/">reported</a> that Rahul Gupta, the chief health and medical officer at the March of Dimes, was in consideration to lead the Office of National Drug Control Policy.</li> <li>A <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/18/senate-filibuster-bipartisan-group-476829">group of 20 senators</a>—10 Democrats and 10 Republicans—met to discuss a bipartisan agenda. Breaking the filibuster in the Senate would require support from 10 Republicans.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/03/17/biden-covid-school-testing-plan-476716">announced</a> it would spend $10 billion to implement COVID-19 screening programs in schools.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 16, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a> for administrator of the Small Business Administration by a vote of 81-17.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/543549-biden-says-he-supports-return-to-talking-filibuster">said</a> he supported reinstating the talking filibuster in the U.S. Senate. This change would require senators to hold the Senate floor by speaking to block movement on a bill.</li> <li>Biden also discussed the U.S. military presence in <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/03/17/978106035/biden-says-u-s-may-miss-deadline-for-withdrawing-troops-from-afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>, saying it would be tough to withdraw troops by May 1 as the Trump administration had pledged.</li> <li>The Office of the Director of National Intelligence <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-election-cyber-int-idUSKBN2B82PF">released</a> a report finding that Russian President Vladimir Putin likely directed efforts to interfere in the U.S. presidential election to benefit President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>’s (R) presidential campaign.</li> <li>Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-speak-commission-status-women-live-stream-today-2021-03-16/">addressed</a> the United Nations in a speech about women’s rights and violence against women during the coronavirus pandemic.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 15, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> for secretary of the interior by a vote of 51-40, making her the first Native American Cabinet secretary in U.S. history.</li> <li>Secretary of State <a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a> and Secretary of Defense <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> traveled to Japan for the first in-person, overseas diplomatic meeting of the Biden administration.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/gene-sperling-to-oversee-19-trillion-stimulus/2021/03/14/02a5bb4e-8536-11eb-8a67-f314e5fcf88d_story.html">selected</a> economist <a href="/Gene_Sperling" title="Gene Sperling">Gene Sperling</a> as the point person for his administration’s coronavirus relief plan. This position does not require Senate confirmation. Sperling, who served in the Clinton and Obama administrations, would be responsible for implementing the stimulus package in the American Rescue Plan Act.</li> <li>Thirteen Democratic senators, led by <a href="/Tammy_Baldwin" title="Tammy Baldwin">Tammy Baldwin</a> (Wis.) and <a href="/Sherrod_Brown" title="Sherrod Brown">Sherrod Brown</a> (Ohio), called on Biden to temporarily suspend waivers of the Buy American program to prevent foreign companies from bidding on government contracts funded by the American Rescue Plan Act.</li> <li><i>Bloomberg</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-15/biden-tax-hike-how-the-u-s-president-s-plan-could-affect-your-money">reported</a> that Biden was planning a federal tax increase for earners making more than $400,000 a year. The taxes would pay, in part, for his economic and infrastructure plans.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 12, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/22325328/biden-quad-japan-australia-india-vaccine-rare-earth">met virtually</a> with leaders from the <i>Quad</i>. This coalition, formed following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, includes three other democratic, Indo-Pacific countries: Japan, India, and Australia.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.tpr.org/border-immigration/2021-03-12/biden-administration-rescinds-trump-policy-affecting-sponsors-of-young-migrants">announced</a> that it was terminating an information-sharing agreement between the Department of Homeland Security and the Department of Health and Human Services that allowed information from potential sponsors of unaccompanied minors to be shared with immigration enforcement authorities.</li> <li>The U.S. Solicitor General’s Office <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/12/supreme-court-biden-asks-court-dismiss-trump-era-abortion-rule/4674355001/">requested</a> the Supreme Court dismiss several cases related to cutting federal funding for medical facilities that referred patients to abortion services.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 11, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden delivered his first primetime address as president to mark the anniversary of the beginning of coronavirus-related shutdowns.</li> <li>The Senate agreed to discharge the nomination of<a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> for secretary of health and human services from the Senate Committee on Finance. Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine) joined the Democrats in supporting the discharge petition for a 51-48 vote.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 10, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> as secretary of housing and urban development, <a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> as attorney general, and <a href="/Michael_Regan" title="Michael Regan">Michael Regan</a> as the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.</li> <li>Congress passed the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, which includes direct stimulus payments, extended unemployment benefits, and increased funding for vaccine distribution. For more information about the federal government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, <a href="/Documenting_America%27s_Path_to_Recovery" title="Documenting America's Path to Recovery">click here</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 9, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/03/09/president-biden-announces-key-hire-for-the-office-of-management-and-budget/">selected</a> Clare Martorana as his federal chief information officer. Martorana reviously served as the chief information officer for the Office of Personnel Management.</li> <li>Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/03/09/joe-biden-live-updates/#link-HNAGOTGOUJD6HAR4552KTR6DXI">approved</a> a request to keep 2,300 National Guard members deployed at the Capitol through May 23.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 8, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden signed an executive order <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/03/08/974655385/biden-will-establish-a-gender-policy-council-within-the-white-house">establishing</a> the White House Gender Policy Council. An administration official said the council would be focused "on women and girls, particularly women and girls of color, given the historical and disproportionate barriers that they face."</li> <li>Biden also signed an executive order calling for the evaluation of Title IX rules on how sexual harassment and assault cases were handled at educational institutions.</li> <li>Twelve states, led by Missouri Attorney General <a href="/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Eric Schmitt</a> (R), filed a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/08/republican-led-states-sue-president-joe-biden-over-climate-change-order/4635600001/">lawsuit</a> against Biden over an executive order he issued to assess the costs of and damages associated with greenhouse gas pollution. Schmitt called the executive order unlawful federal overreach. In addition to Missouri, the following states are involved: Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah.</li> <li>Biden nominated Gen. Jacqueline Van Ovost as commander of the United States Transportation Command and Lt. Gen. Laura Richardson as commander of the United States Southern Command. If confirmed, they would be the second and third women to lead a combatant command.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 7, 2021</b>: Biden issued an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/07/executive-order-on-promoting-access-to-voting/">executive order</a> directing federal agencies to submit proposals on how to promote voter registration and participation and improve access to information about upcoming elections. The executive order also called for the Vote.gov website to be modernized.</li> <li><b>March 6, 2021</b>: The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/06/us/politics/biden-stimulus-plan.html">passed</a> the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The House needed to vote on the bill again since its provisions differed from what they had previously passed.</li> <li><b>March 5, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/03/05/notice-on-the-continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-iran/">notice</a> continuing the declaration of a national emergency with respect to Iran.</li> <li>White House press secretary <a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> indicated that Biden wanted to limit <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/biden-signals-support-to-replace-war-power-authority">war power authority</a>. She said that Biden wanted to “ensure that the authorizations for the use of military force currently on the books are replaced with a narrow and specific framework that will ensure we can protect Americans from terrorist threats while ending the forever wars.”</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 4, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources advanced the nomination of <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> for secretary of the interior by a vote of 11-9.</li> <li>The Department of Justice requested the Supreme Court <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/04/politics/biden-doj-supreme-court-dismiss-sanctuary-cities/index.html">dismiss</a> three lawsuits relating to the withholding of federal funding from sanctuary jurisdictions. It said it had reached an agreement with the jurisdictions at issue. The department, under the Trump administration, had sought to block jurisdictions that did not cooperate with federal immigration authorities from receiving certain aid.</li> <li><i>The Wall Street Journal</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-military-strike-in-syria-shows-biden-team-at-work-11614866795">reported</a> that Biden canceled a second airstrike on a target in Syria to avoid civilian casualties on February 26, 2021.</li> <li><i>Bloomberg</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-05/biden-to-join-first-ever-quad-leaders-meeting-morrison-says">reported</a> that Biden would meet with leaders from Australia, India, and Japan as part of the first meeting of the <i>Quad bloc</i>—four democratic Indo-Pacific countries. No date was set for the event.</li> <li>Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) cast her third <a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate">tie-breaking vote</a> to proceed with debate on the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. The Senate had split 50-50 along party lines.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 3, 2021</b>: Biden reportedly selected Seth Harris, who served as acting secretary of labor during the Obama administration, to be his top <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/541330-obama-alum-seth-harris-to-serve-as-biden-labor-adviser">labor adviser</a>. In this capacity, Harris would work with the Domestic Policy Council and National Economic Council.</li> <li><b>March 2, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The White House <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/white-house-pulls-nomination-embattled-budget-chief-pick-neera-tanden-n1258738">announced</a> that <a href="/Neera_Tanden" title="Neera Tanden">Neera Tanden</a> requested to be withdrawn from consideration for director of the Office of Management Budget due to opposition to her nomination. Biden said in a statement that he had accepted her request: “I have the utmost respect for her record of accomplishment, her experience and her counsel, and I look forward to having her serve in a role in my Administration. She will bring valuable perspective and insight to our work."</li> <li>Biden met with Senate Democrats to discuss the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021. For more information about the federal government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/Documenting_America%27s_Path_to_Recovery">click here</a>.</li> <li>The Biden administration was expected to announce <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-politics-navalny-usa/u-s-expected-to-sanction-russians-over-navalny-poisoning-sources-idUSKCN2AT3I2">sanctions</a> against Russia for the poisoning of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.</li> <li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> as secretary of commerce by a vote of 84-15.</li> <li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a> as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers by a vote of 95-4.</li></ul></li> <li><b>March 1, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden virtually <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.khou.com/article/news/politics/national-politics/biden-mexican-president-migration-issues/507-07808b73-d373-4efc-8149-aea0280386b6">met</a> with Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador to discuss immigration and economic issues and the coronavirus.</li> <li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> as secretary of education by a vote of 64-33. All 33 votes against his confirmation came from Republicans.</li> <li>The Senate Judiciary Committee advanced Merrick Garland’s nomination for attorney general by a vote of 15-7.</li> <li>Biden issued <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/">six proclamations</a> to commemorate the following daily, weekly, and monthly observances: <ul><li>National Consumer Protection Week</li> <li>Women’s History Month</li> <li>American Red Cross Month</li> <li>National Colorectal Cancer Awareness Month</li> <li>Read Across America Day</li> <li>Irish-American Heritage Month</li></ul></li> <li>The Pentagon <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/national-security/biden-administration-announces-125m-military-aid-package-ukraine-n1259254">announced</a> that Ukraine would receive a $125 military aid package. The department said that it “encourages Ukraine to continue to enact reforms that strengthen civilian control of the military, promote increased transparency and accountability in defense industry and procurement, and modernize its defense sector in other key areas in line with NATO principles and standards.”</li> <li>The U.S. Forest Service <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-mining-resolution-idUSKCN2AT3JA">nullified</a> the publication of an environmental impact study that would have allowed for the transfer of Arizona land to a copper mine project.</li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#feb2021" style="background:#eee;">February 2021 (click to collapse)</a><div id="feb2021" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul><li><b>February 28, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/03/01/972410944/biden-backs-amazon-warehouse-workers-union-drive">announced</a> his support for Amazon warehouse workers’ efforts to unionize in Alabama, although he did not explicitly name the company in his statement.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/28/politics/biden-taliban-peace-talks/index.html">announced</a> that it was resuming peace negotiations with the Taliban.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 26, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/26/politics/biden-administration-khashoggi-report/index.html?utm_medium=social&utm_term=link&utm_content=2021-02-26T18%3A23%3A03&utm_source=twCNN">issued sanctions</a> against associates of the Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman of Saudi Arabia for their involvement in the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. A declassified intelligence report said bin Salman approved Khashoggi’s capture or death. Biden declined to directly sanction him. White House press secretary <a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/02/26/politics/biden-mohammed-bin-salman-jamal-khashoggi/index.html">said</a> on February 28, “We believe there [are] more effective ways to make sure this doesn't happen again and to also be able to leave room to work with the Saudis on areas where there is mutual agreement.”</li> <li>Biden traveled to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-houston-storms-coronavirus-pandemic-weather-a04ce03f0bd4f68a3793b4b4a9b0bf3f">Texas</a> in his first visit to a major disaster site as president. He met with local leaders to discuss relief efforts and promote coronavirus vaccinations.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 25, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> for secretary of energy by a vote of 64-35 on Thursday. All 35 no votes came from Republicans. Granholm was the tenth member of <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Biden’s Cabinet</a> to be confirmed.</li> <li>The Senate invoked cloture on the nomination of <a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a> for secretary of education by a vote of 66-32.</li> <li>Biden ordered <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/25/us/politics/biden-syria-airstrike-iran.html">airstrikes in Syria</a> on buildings used by Iran-backed militant groups, marking the first known use of military force by his administration. The Pentagon said it was a retaliatory strike in response to attacks in Iraq on American and allied personnel.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 24, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden signed an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/24/executive-order-on-the-revocation-of-certain-presidential-actions/">executive order</a> that lifted a ban on certain types of immigrant visas, revoking an executive order by President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R). Biden also revoked Trump executive orders on agency rulemaking, government review of certain welfare programs, and the architecture of federal buildings.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-nominates-3-members-to-usps-board-of-governors/">announced</a> his nominees to fill three vacancies on the nine-member U.S. Postal Service Board of Governors on Wednesday: Anton Hajjar, Amber McReynolds, and Ron Stroman. The other six members include four Republicans and two Democrats. If the Senate confirms Biden’s nominees, Democrats will have enough votes to remove Postmaster General Louis DeJoy, a Trump appointee.</li> <li>The Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cardin.senate.gov/newsroom/press/release/small-business-committee-votes-to-advance-sba-administrator-nominee-isabel-guzman-">advanced</a> <a href="/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a>’s nomination for administrator of the Small Business Administration by a vote of 15-5.</li> <li>Biden was expected to sign an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-address-chip-shortages-supply-chain-problems-with-executive-action-11614160803">executive order</a> calling for the review of global supply chains for computer chips, large-capacity batteries used in electric vehicles, pharmaceuticals and related products, and critical minerals.</li> <li>The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs and the Senate Budget Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/02/24/joe-biden-live-updates/#link-EI6NWQO5ZZHK5AOJUXWQZIPFVE">postponed</a> a planned vote on <a href="/Neera_Tanden" title="Neera Tanden">Neera Tanden</a>’s nomination for director of the Office of Management and Budget.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 23, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> to serve as U.S. ambassador to the United Nations by a vote of 78-20.</li> <li>The Senate also confirmed <a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> to serve as secretary of agriculture by a vote of 92-7. Six Republicans voted against his confirmation: Sens. Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), Rick Scott (R-Fla.), and Dan Sullivan (R-Alaska). Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) also voted against Vilsack, marking the first time a Democrat or independent who caucuses with Democrats voted against a Biden nominee.</li> <li>Biden held his first bilateral meeting as president with Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau. The meeting took place virtually.</li> <li><a href="/Drew_Tipton" title="Drew Tipton">Drew Tipton</a>, a federal judge on the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, granted a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/24/texas-judge-biden-deportation-ban-471315">preliminary injunction</a> blocking the Biden administration’s 100-day moratorium on deportations. The injunction applied to all states. Tipton is a Trump appointee.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 22, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/22/a-proclamation-on-remembering-the-500000-americans-lost-to-covid-19/">issued</a> a proclamation to memorialize the more than 500,000 Americans who have died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. He ordered the flag to be flown at half-staff until February 26.</li> <li>Four key senators <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/shalanda-young-neera-tanden-joe-biden-omb-c0922a87-aea6-4375-bf84-64a7f166b354.html">announced</a> their opposition to Neera Tanden’s nomination for director of the Office of Management and Budget: <a href="/Joe_Manchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-W.Va.), <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (R-Maine), <a href="/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (R-Utah), and <a href="/Rob_Portman" title="Rob Portman">Rob Portman</a> (R-Ohio). Sen. <a href="/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> (R-Alaska) also said she was unlikely to vote for Tanden. <i>Axios</i> reported that Shalanda Young, a former staff director for the House Appropriations Committee, was being considered to replace Tanden in the event her nomination failed or was withdrawn.</li> <li>Gene Sperling, the director of the National Economic Council under the Clinton and Obama administrations, and Ann O’Leary, California Gov. <a href="/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a>’s (D) former chief of staff, were also being considered as potential replacements for Tanden, according to CNBC.</li> <li>The Senate invoked cloture on debate over <a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>’s nomination for ambassador to the United Nations.</li> <li>The Biden administration said it was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/22/business/to-help-tiny-companies-the-biden-administration-adjusts-the-rules-for-pandemic-loans.html">adjusting</a> the Paycheck Protection Program’s guidelines effective Feb. 24. Under the new rules, sole proprietors would be eligible to receive more aid. For companies with 20 or more employees, there would be a 14-day freeze on loans.</li> <li>Seventy-five Republican members of Congress sent a letter to Biden requesting he withdraw <a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> from consideration for secretary of health and human services. Eleven senators signed the letter.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 20, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-weather-texas-idUSKBN2AK0HT">approved</a> a major disaster declaration for Texas, giving 77 of the state’s 254 counties access to federal assistance.</li> <li><b>February 19, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Sen. <a href="/Joe_Manchin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Manchin">Joe Manchin</a> (D-W.Va.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/539648-manchin-to-oppose-bidens-pick-of-nera-tanden">said</a> that he would vote against the confirmation of <a href="/Neera_Tanden" title="Neera Tanden">Neera Tanden</a> for director of the Office of Management and Budget. “I believe her overtly partisan statements will have a toxic and detrimental impact on the important working relationship between members of Congress and the next director,” he said.</li> <li>The United States <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/u-s-rejoins-paris-climate-agreement-now-comes-daunting-part-n1258304">officially rejoined</a> the Paris Climate Agreement. The Biden administration was expected to set a target for reducing emissions in the coming months. The Obama administration had set a goal of reducing emissions, as measured in 2005, by 26 percent by 2025.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 18, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Budget Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/committees/hearings_meetings.htm">scheduled</a> a vote on whether to advance <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Neera_Tanden_for_director_of_the_Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Confirmation process for Neera Tanden for director of the Office of Management and Budget">Neera Tanden</a>'s nomination for director of the Office of Management and Budget for Feb. 24. The Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs also held a confirmation hearing for Tanden and had not scheduled a vote yet.</li> <li>The Senate Finance Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-tai/senate-committee-sets-feb-25-date-for-confirmation-hearing-for-bidens-trade-czar-idUSKBN2AI2LU">scheduled</a> a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Katherine_Tai_for_U.S._trade_representative" title="Confirmation process for Katherine Tai for U.S. trade representative">Katherine Tai</a>, Biden's nominee for U.S. trade representative, for Feb. 25.</li> <li>Sen. Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) and Rep. Linda Sánchez (D-Calif.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/18/statement-by-president-joseph-r-biden-jr-on-introduction-of-the-u-s-citizenship-act-of-2021/">introduced</a> Biden's immigration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1177">proposal</a> in the Senate and House. The bill would provide an eight-year path for people living in the country without legal permission to become citizens, remove restrictions on family-based immigration, and expand worker visas. According to <i><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/02/18/us/joe-biden-news#congressional-democrats-roll-out-bidens-immigration-plan-offering-an-eight-year-path-to-citizenship">The New York Times</a></i>, it also "invests $4 billion over four years in distressed economies in the hopes of preventing people from fleeing to the United States because of security and economic crises."</li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ice.gov/doclib/news/releases/2021/021821_civil-immigration-enforcement_interim-guidance.pdf">Interim guidance</a> went into effect for Immigration and Customs Enforcement employees. The guidance established three priority categories for arresting and deporting noncitizens in the country without permission: people seen as posing a national security threat, such as those engaged in espionage or terrorism; those who entered the U.S. on or after Nov. 1, 2020; and those seen as posing a threat to public safety and convicted of an aggravated felony or involved in gang activity.</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-iran-iran-nuclear-middle-east-united-nations-d261fbe927984d9328db0e0f74b62410">announced</a> it was willing to begin talks with Iran and world leaders about returning to the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal, from which Donald Trump withdrew in 2018. Biden also <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2021-02-18/biden-withdraws-trumps-restoration-of-un-sanctions-on-iran">rescinded</a> Trump's restoration of U.N. sanctions on Iran.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 17, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden signed an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/17/executive-order-on-the-revocation-of-executive-order-13801/">executive order</a> rescinding Donald Trump's <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/06/20/2017-13012/expanding-apprenticeships-in-america">executive order</a> creating industry-recognized apprenticeships. Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/17/fact-sheet-biden-administration-to-take-steps-to-bolster-registered-apprenticeships/">said</a> the programs "have fewer quality standards than registered apprenticeship programs." Biden also endorsed the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/447">National Apprenticeship Act of 2021</a>, which he said would expand registered apprenticeships, and reinstated the National Advisory Committee on Apprenticeships.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/17/president-biden-announces-key-nomination-on-jobs-team/">nominated</a> Jennifer Abruzzo for general counsel of the National Labor Relations Board. He also <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-politics-biden-cabinet-medicare-medicaid-5fa8f57b76ed6d2c4bb972daf5aebe9c">nominated</a> Chiquita Brooks-LaSure to serve as administrator of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 16, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate scheduled <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/executive_calendar/xcalv.pdf">resuming</a> consideration of <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Linda_Thomas-Greenfield_for_ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="Confirmation process for Linda Thomas-Greenfield for ambassador to the United Nations">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>'s nomination for U.S. ambassador to the United Nations on Feb. 22.</li> <li>The Senate scheduled <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/executive_calendar/xcalv.pdf">debate</a> and a vote on <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Tom_Vilsack_for_secretary_of_agriculture" title="Confirmation process for Tom Vilsack for secretary of agriculture">Tom Vilsack</a>'s nomination for secretary of agriculture for Feb. 23.</li> <li>The Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/committees/hearings_meetings.htm">scheduled</a> considering whether to advance <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Isabel_Guzman_for_administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Confirmation process for Isabel Guzman for administrator of the Small Business Administration">Isabel Guzman</a>'s nomination for administrator of the Small Business Administration to a full Senate vote for Feb. 24.</li> <li>The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee scheduled a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Xavier_Becerra_for_secretary_of_health_and_human_services" title="Confirmation process for Xavier Becerra for secretary of health and human services">Xavier Becerra</a>'s nomination for secretary of health and human services for Feb. 23.</li> <li>The Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.energy.senate.gov/hearings/2021/2/hearing-to-consider-nomination-of-the-honorable-debra-haaland-to-be-the-secretary-of-the-interior">scheduled</a> a confirmation hearing for <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Debra_Haaland_for_secretary_of_the_interior" title="Confirmation process for Debra Haaland for secretary of the interior">Debra Haaland</a>'s nomination for secretary of the interior for Feb. 23.</li> <li>Biden was scheduled to participate in a CNN town hall at 9 p.m. ET, with Anderson Cooper as moderator. The town hall <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wral.com/how-to-watch-cnns-biden-town-hall/19529508/">could be viewed</a> on CNN, CNN.com, and CNNgo.</li> <li>The Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Agriculture <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/16/fact-sheet-biden-administration-announces-extension-of-covid-19-forbearance-and-foreclosure-protections-for-homeowners/">announced</a> extensions to forbearance and foreclosure relief programs. They extended the foreclosure moratorium and the mortgage payment forbearance enrollment deadline to June 30 and are providing up to six months of additional mortgage payment forbearance for those who entered forbearance on or before June 30, 2020.</li> <li>The Department of Homeland Security <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/539115-biden-administration-nixes-last-minute-trump-deal-giving-ice-veto">disapproved</a> a contract that former acting Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Ken Cuccinelli signed with the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) union. The contract would have granted ICE employees a say in immigration policy decisions. A DHS spokesperson <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-officers-union-agreement-trump-homeland-security/">said</a>, "DHS will make policy decisions in accordance with the law and based on what's best for national security, public safety, and border security while upholding our nation's values."</li> <li><i>Axios</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/biden-immigrant-terms-noncitizen-alien-4055b00e-e25a-4fc6-9bd3-991f6e5ec959.html">reported</a> that Tracy Renaud, acting director of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, signed a memo encouraging immigration officials to use "more inclusive language in the agency's outreach efforts, internal documents and in overall communication with stakeholders, partners and the general public." Officials have been encouraged to replace the word "alien" with "noncitizen" and "illegal alien" with "undocumented noncitizen" or "undocumented individual."</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 15, 2021</b>: Based on an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/01/28/fact-sheet-president-biden-to-sign-executive-orders-strengthening-americans-access-to-quality-affordable-health-care/">executive order</a> from January, HealthCare.gov <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/15/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-2021-special-health-insurance-enrollment-period-through-healthcare-gov/">opened</a> a special enrollment period Feb. 15, ending May 15.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 14, 2021</b>: Biden signed an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/14/executive-order-on-the-establishment-of-the-white-house-office-of-faith-based-and-neighborhood-partnerships/">executive order</a> on relaunching the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships. The office was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/538824-biden-relaunches-faith-based-white-house-office">established</a> by George W. Bush, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/government/fbci/president-initiative.html">aimed at</a> partnering with faith-based and secular organizations to deliver services. President Donald Trump did not appoint a director of the office during his tenure, creating instead the Center for Faith and Opportunity Initiatives. Melissa Rogers, who served as executive director of the office under President Barack Obama, resumed that role under Biden.</li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 13, 2021</b>: Biden issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/13/statement-by-president-joe-biden-on-the-senate-vote-in-the-trial-of-donald-trump/">statement</a> on the impeachment trial after the Senate acquitted Trump of incitement of insurrection. Biden said, "This sad chapter in our history has reminded us that democracy is fragile. That it must always be defended. That we must be ever vigilant. That violence and extremism has no place in America. And that each of us has a duty and responsibility as Americans, and especially as leaders, to defend the truth and to defeat the lies."</li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 12, 2021</b>: <ul><li>White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-biden-cabinet-prisons-taliban-jen-psaki-b751784fdb5c29de907057cc7833ec1f">said</a> that the Biden administration intended to close the prison at Guantanamo Bay and would begin a review process.</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/02/12/epa-jettison-major-obama-climate-rule-biden-eyes-bigger-push/">reported</a> that the "Biden administration is seeking a court’s blessing to propose a new rule aimed at limiting greenhouse gas pollution from the nation’s power plants."</li> <li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/department-of-homeland-security/538560-biden-rolls-out-asylum-system-to">announced</a> it would <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abc7news.com/biden-immigration-joe-mexico-us-president-reform/10332796/">begin</a> allowing an estimated 25,000 people seeking asylum at the Mexican border into the U.S. while they await immigration court hearings. The process was set to begin Feb. 19 with around 300 people per day.</li> <li><i>The Wall Street Journal </i><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-to-roll-back-medicaid-work-requirements-11613103463">reported</a> that Biden would begin the process of revoking permissions for states to implement work requirements for Medicaid.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 11, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Health, Education, Labor, & Pension Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/nominations021121">advanced</a> the nominations of <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Miguel_Cardona_for_secretary_of_education" title="Confirmation process for Miguel Cardona for secretary of education">Miguel Cardona</a> for secretary of education and <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Marty_Walsh_for_secretary_of_labor" title="Confirmation process for Marty Walsh for secretary of labor">Marty Walsh</a> for secretary of labor to full Senate votes. <ul><li>The committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.rollcall.com/2021/02/11/senators-advance-cardona-for-education-walsh-for-labor/">advanced</a> Cardona's nomination 17-5. The senators who voted against advancing the nomination were Mike Braun (R-Ind.), Roger Marshall (R-Kan.), Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Tim Scott (R-S.C.), and Tommy Tuberville (R-Ala).</li> <li>The committee advanced Walsh's nomination 18-4. Braun, Paul, Scott, and Jerry Moran (R-Kan.) voted against advancing the nomination.</li></ul></li> <li>Biden issued an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/11/executive-order-on-blocking-property-with-respect-to-the-situation-in-burma/">executive order</a> related to the coup in Myanmar (Burma) that he <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2021/02/10/remarks-by-president-biden-on-the-administrations-response-to-the-coup-in-burma/">said</a> enables the U.S. "to immediately sanction the military leaders who directed the coup, their business interests, as well as close family members."</li> <li><i>Axios </i><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/biden-cindy-mccain-jeff-flake-ambassadors-c8490d15-ff46-41e2-899c-fb5554d2603c.html">reported</a> that Biden was considering two Republicans for ambassadorships: Former Sen. Jeff Flake (Ariz.) and Cindy McCain, widow of former Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.).</li> <li>Biden rescinded former President Donald Trump's declaration of a national emergency at the southern border. In a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/02/11/a-letter-to-the-speaker-of-the-house-and-president-of-the-senate-regarding-the-termination-of-the-national-emergency-concerning-the-southern-border/">letter</a> to House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) announcing his proclamation, Biden wrote, "I have also announced that it shall be the policy of my Administration that no more American taxpayer dollars be diverted to construct a border wall, and that I am directing a careful review of all resources appropriated or redirected to that end."</li> <li>The Department of Housing and Urban Development issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/HUD_No_21_021">memorandum</a> kicking off implementation of Biden's Jan. 20 <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/20/executive-order-preventing-and-combating-discrimination-on-basis-of-gender-identity-or-sexual-orientation/">executive order</a> directing agency heads to review policies in order to bar discrimination based on gender identity and sexual orientation. HUD said it "interprets the Fair Housing Act to bar discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity and direct[s] HUD offices and recipients of HUD funds to enforce the Act accordingly."</li> <li>Biden issued a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/11/notice-on-the-continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-libya/">notice</a> that he was continuing the national emergency with respect to Libya for one year. Former President Barack Obama declared the national emergency by <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/02/25/executive-order-13566-libya">executive order</a> in February 2011. Obama and Trump <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/02/24/2020-03810/continuation-of-the-national-emergency-with-respect-to-libya">had</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/02/09/Trump-extends-Obama-imposed-sanctions-against-Libya/8561518202056/">extended</a> the order several times while in office.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 10, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Department of Justice <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/10/biden-scotus-obamacare-468425">withdrew</a> federal government support for a case against the Affordable Care Act in the U.S. Supreme Court. Several states filed the lawsuit, arguing that the individual mandate provision is no longer a valid exercise of Congress' authority after Congress eliminated the payment in 2017 and that the rest of the law is invalid due to that provision. Deputy Solicitor General Edwin Kneedler <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/19/19-840/168649/20210210151147983_19-840%2019-1019%20CA%20v%20TX.pdf">wrote</a> that "it is now the position of the United States that the amended Section 5000A is constitutional" and that, "if this Court nevertheless concludes that Section 5000A(a) is unconstitutional, that provision is severable from the remainder of the ACA."</li> <li>The Department of Justice also <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-usa-tiktok-appeal/u-s-justice-department-asks-court-to-put-governments-tiktok-appeal-on-hold-idUSKBN2AA2R3">asked</a> the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit to hold off on an appeal of a ruling that blocked the Trump administration's restrictions on the video app TikTok while the Department evaluates the situation. <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/donald-trump-jen-psaki-ca5e68d8b23cb26a0e964b3ea5fe826d">According</a> to the <i>Associated Press</i>, "Trump cited concerns that the Chinese government could spy on TikTok users if the app remains under Chinese ownership."</li> <li>William Hyslop, U.S. attorney for Eastern Washington, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2021/feb/10/us-attorney-for-eastern-washington-william-hyslop-/">announced</a> he would resign at the end of February in response to the Biden administration's <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-administration-to-ask-dozens-of-trump-appointed-u-s-attorneys-to-resign-11612846069">request</a> that 56 (all but two) U.S. attorneys appointed by Trump resign.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>February 9, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works advanced the nomination of <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Michael_Regan_for_administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Confirmation process for Michael Regan for administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Michael Regan</a> for administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency by a vote of 14-6.</li> <li>The Senate Judiciary Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-donald-trump-biden-cabinet-confirmation-hearings-merrick-garland-de4d28c97d2e20fe48808bc438534154">scheduled</a> Merrick Garland’s confirmation hearing for U.S. attorney general on February 22-23, 2021. Garland will testify on the first day, while outside witnesses will speak on the second day.</li> <li>The White House said that the Biden administration planned to keep the U.S. embassy to Israel in Jerusalem. The Trump administration moved the embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem in 2018.</li> <li>Sens. <a href="/Dick_Durbin" title="Dick Durbin">Dick Durbin</a> (D-Ill.) and <a href="/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> (D-Ill.), along with four Republican House members and the Illinois Republican Party, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://chicago.suntimes.com/politics/2021/2/9/22274472/us-attorney-chicago-john-lausch-durbin-duckworth-biden-federal-prosecutor-northern-kinzinger-gop">requested</a> Biden allow U.S. Attorney John Lausch to continue in his role investigating public corruption charges in Illinois.</li> <li>Biden announced that he was asking all Trump-appointed U.S. attorneys to resign with two exceptions: David Weiss and John Durham, who were investigating Hunter Biden’s taxes and the FBI probe into alleged collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia, respectively.</li> <li>The Justice Department <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-justice-assange/biden-administration-plans-to-continue-to-seek-extradition-of-wikileaks-assange-official-idUSKBN2A92T4">said</a> that it would continue efforts to have WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange extradited from the United Kingdom.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 8, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> for secretary of veterans affairs by a vote of 87-7. McDonough is the second non-veteran to hold this office. The following senators voted against his confirmation: Tom Cotton (R-Ark.), Ted Cruz (R-Texas), Joni Ernst (R-Iowa), Bill Hagerty (R-Tenn.), Josh Hawley (R-Mo.), Roger Marshall (R-Kan.), and Rick Scott (R-Fla.).</li> <li>Federal judge <a href="/Drew_Tipton" title="Drew Tipton">Drew Tipton</a> of United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2021/02/09/biden-deportation-moratorium-texas-judge/">extended</a> an order blocking Biden’s moratorium on deportations for two more weeks. Tipton was appointed by Trump in 2020.</li> <li><i>Vox</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2021/2/8/22272298/fda-covid-19-vaccine-janet-woodcock-josh-sharfstein">reported</a> that the potential choices for commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had been narrowed to Janet Woodcock, the acting FDA commissioner, and Joshua Sharfstein, a former principal deputy commissioner at the FDA.</li> <li>The Department of Justice dropped a Trump administration lawsuit challenging California’s <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/technology/537874-biden-administration-drops-lawsuit-against-californias-net-neutrality-law">net neutrality law</a>. Jessica Rosenworcel, the acting chairwoman of the FCC, said in a statement, “When the FCC, over my objection, rolled back its net neutrality policies, states like California sought to fill the void with their own laws. By taking this step, Washington is listening to the American people, who overwhelmingly support an open internet, and is charting a course to once again make net neutrality the law of the land.”</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> reported that Biden was expected <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/biden-us-attorneys-trump-hunter-biden/2021/02/08/7f6dccd2-6a80-11eb-9f80-3d7646ce1bc0_story.html">to request</a> U.S. attorneys appointed by President Donald Trump (R) and confirmed by the Senate resign with some exceptions. The federal prosecutor investigating Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, would continue to work, for example.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 7, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Associated Press <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-02-07/big-challenge-biden-is-pressed-to-end-federal-death-penalty">reported</a> that Biden was considering instructing the Department of Justice to halt new executions. When asked about a moratorium, White House press secretary <a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/02/05/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-jen-psaki-and-council-of-economic-advisers-member-jared-bernstein-february-5-2021/">said</a>, “The President has spoken about his opposition to the death penalty in the past, but I don’t have anything to predict for you or preview for you in terms of additional steps.”</li> <li>Under the Biden administration, the United States was expected to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-un-rights/biden-administration-moves-to-rejoin-u-n-human-rights-council-idUSKBN2A806N">return</a> to the United Nations Human Rights Council as an observer. Trump withdrew from the council three years earlier, citing bias against Israel and other issues.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 6, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Biden administration <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-centralamerica-idUSKBN2A702Q">suspended</a> three asylum cooperatives agreements established by the Trump administration with El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras on Saturday. Under these agreements, asylum seekers from the region were expected to seek refuge in these Central American countries before applying for asylum in the U.S.</li> <li>Biden said he did not expect a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/02/06/biden-says-15-minimum-wage-wont-survive-covid-relief-talks.html">$15 minimum wage</a> to be in the final COVID-19 economic relief bill, although it was in his initial proposal.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 5, 2021</b>: Vice President <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) cast her first two <a href="/Tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_Kamala_Harris_in_the_U.S._Senate" title="Tie-breaking votes cast by Kamala Harris in the U.S. Senate">tie-breaking votes</a> in the Senate as part of the budget reconciliation process being used to pass a COVID-19 relief package.</li> <li><b>February 4, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Foreign Relations Committee advanced the nomination of <a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a> for ambassador to the U.N. by a vote of 18-4.</li> <li>The Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs advanced the nomination of <a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> for secretary of housing and urban development by a vote of 17-7.</li> <li>Sen. <a href="/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> (R-Texas) placed a hold on the confirmation vote for <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> for secretary of commerce, citing concerns with her position on whether the activity of Chinese company Huawei should be restricted in the U.S. A hold is a procedural tool any senator can use to temporarily block movement on a nominee’s confirmation process.</li> <li>Biden signed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/04/memorandum-on-advancing-the-human-rights-of-lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender-queer-and-intersex-persons-around-the-world/">two</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/02/04/revitalizing-americas-foreign-policy-and-national-security-workforce-institutions-and-partnerships/">memoranda</a> directing relevant federal agencies to advance protections for the human rights of LGBT people abroad and modernizing how the national security community approaches workforce issues, including recruitment and retention of workers with critical skills.</li> <li>Biden also signed an <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">executive order</a> to expand the U.S. refugee admissions program. In a fact sheet, the Biden White House said the administration had a goal of 125,000 refugee admissions in its first fiscal year.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 3, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation advanced <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> for secretary of commerce by a vote of 21-3.</li> <li>The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources advanced <a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> for secretary of energy by a vote of 13-4.</li> <li>Biden issued <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">three proclamations</a> regarding Black History Month, American Heart Month, and National Teen Dating Violence Awareness and Prevention.</li> <li>The Federal Labor Relations Authority <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/daily-labor-report/biden-cleans-house-at-labor-impasse-panel-after-union-complaints">said</a> all 10 members of the Federal Service Impasses Panel were asked to submit their resignations by February 2. “It is customary when control of the White House is transferred between political parties for the new president to replace the panel’s membership, but President Joe Biden acted more quickly than his predecessors,” Bloomberg Law reported.</li> <li>Roger Severino, a member of the Administrative Conference of the United States, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/03/trump-appointee-biden-advisory-board-465732https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/03/trump-appointee-biden-advisory-board-465732">sued</a> the Biden administration for calling on him to resign or be fired. Severino’s lawsuit said Biden did not have the constitutional authority to terminate Severino since the board is an advisory entity. The White House had not commented, according to <i>Politico</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 2, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> for secretary of transportation by a vote of 86-13. Thirteen Republicans voted against his nomination. Buttigieg was the only Biden nominee, out of six so far, that Sen. <a href="/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> (R-Utah) had supported. Sen. <a href="/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (R-Mo.) had opposed all six confirmations so far. Buttigieg is the first openly gay person to be confirmed as a Cabinet secretary.</li> <li>The Senate confirmed <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> for secretary of homeland security by a vote of 56-43. Six Republicans supported his confirmation: Sens. Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.), Susan Collins (R-Maine), Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska), Rob Portman (R-Ohio), Mitt Romney (R-Utah), and Dan Sullivan (R-Alaska).</li> <li>Biden was expected to announce <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/biden-immigration-executive-order/2021/02/02/8c7510a8-64f3-11eb-bf81-c618c88ed605_story.html">immigration-related executive actions</a> to review and potentially reverse Trump administration border policies. One action would create a task force dedicated to reuniting families separated at the border, according to <i>The Washington Post</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>February 1, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden signed a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/01/biden-aluminum-tariff-uae-464794">proclamation</a> to reimpose a 10 percent tariff on aluminum imports from the United Arab Emirates. President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) had lifted the tariff in a proclamation on January 19.</li> <li>Ten Republican senators, led by <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (R-Maine), were expected to meet with Biden to discuss their <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/01/31/gop-stimulus-compromise/">counter-proposal</a> to Biden’s $1.9 trillion coronavirus relief plan. This $600 billion proposal would reduce stimulus checks from $1,400 to $1,000 and lower income eligibility limits to receive the check. It would also eliminate increasing the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour.</li> <li>The Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/31/senate-delay-alejandro-mayorkas-homeland-security-vote-464233">postponed</a> a confirmation vote for <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> for secretary of homeland security to February 2 due to inclement weather.</li> <li>Biden was scheduled to deliver his first major <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-give-first-major-foreign-policy-address-restoring-america-s-n1256225">foreign policy speech</a> as president, A senior administration official said the speech would be about “restoring America's place in the world.”</li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#jan2021" style="background:#eee;">January 2021 (click to collapse)</a><div id="jan2021" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul><li><b>January 28, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/28/politics/biden-executive-orders-health-care-aca-medicaid/index.html">signed</a> an <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">executive order</a> to create a special enrollment period for the federal healthcare marketplace. The Department of Health and Human Services will reopen enrollment from February 15 to May 15.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55844717">also signed</a> a presidential memorandum ending the Mexico City policy, a prohibition on federal funds being sent to non-governmental organizations that provide access to or information about abortion.</li> <li>By a vote of 55-42, the Senate <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SenatePress/status/1354872278320820227">invoked cloture</a> on the nomination of <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a> for secretary of homeland security. His confirmation vote was scheduled for Feb. 1.</li> <li>Two confirmation hearings were held: <ul><li><a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a>, nominee for secretary of housing and urban development, will appear before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.</li> <li><a href="/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a>, nominee for chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, will also appear before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>January 27, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden issued two executive orders <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-presidents-council-of-advisors-on-science-and-technology/">establishing</a> the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology and <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/27/executive-order-on-tackling-the-climate-crisis-at-home-and-abroad/">policies</a> to address climate change, including halting new oil and natural gas development on public lands and offshore waters.</li> <li>Three confirmation hearings were held: <ul><li><a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, nominee for secretary of energy, before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.</li> <li><a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, nominee for ambassador to the United Nations, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.</li> <li><a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a>, nominee for secretary of veterans affairs, before the Senate Veterans Affairs Committee.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>January 26, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Antony_Blinken_for_secretary_of_state" title="Confirmation process for Antony Blinken for secretary of state">confirmed</a> <a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a> for secretary of state by a vote of 78-22.</li> <li>The Senate Homeland Security Committee advanced the nomination of <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas </a> for secretary of homeland security by a vote of 7-4.</li> <li>Biden issued an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/26/executive-order-reforming-our-incarceration-system-to-eliminate-the-use-of-privately-operated-criminal-detention-facilities/">executive order</a> to phase out federal use of privately operated criminal detention facilities and prisons.</li> <li>Biden also signed three <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-to-sign-executive-actions-on-equity/2021/01/26/3ffbcff6-5f8e-11eb-9430-e7c77b5b0297_story.html">other executive actions</a> focused on racial equity. The actions addressed anti-discrimination housing policies, the sovereignty of Native American tribes, and violence and xenophobia against Asian Americans.</li> <li>Federal judge <a href="/Drew_Tipton" title="Drew Tipton">Drew Tipton</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-100-day-pause-on-deportations-blocked-by-texas-judge-11611691958">temporarily blocked</a> Biden’s pause on deportations for 100 days. Tipton wrote, “The Jan. 20 memorandum not only fails to consider potential policies more limited in scope and time, but it also fails to provide any concrete, reasonable justification for a 100-day pause on deportations.”</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 25, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/biden-reverse-ban-transgender-military-f0ace4f9866e0ca0df021eba75b3af20">signed</a> an executive order reversing the ban on transgender servicemembers in the military.</li> <li>Biden also signed an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/01/25/executive-order-on-ensuring-the-future-is-made-in-all-of-america-by-all-of-americas-workers/">executive order</a> directing federal agencies to purchase American-made goods and services where possible. He instructed the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council to make recommendations to the Federal Acquisition Regulation to further this goal within 180 days.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/24/biden-ban-travel-south-africa-461983">reinstated</a> a travel ban on non-U.S. citizen travelers from Brazil, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and 26 other countries. He also imposed a ban on most non-U.S. citizens traveling from South Africa effective Jan. 23.</li> <li>The Senate <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Janet_Yellen_for_secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Confirmation process for Janet Yellen for secretary of the Treasury">confirmed</a> <a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> for secretary of the Treasury on Monday by a vote of 84-15. All 15 senators who voted against her confirmation were Republicans. She is the first woman to serve in this position.</li> <li>The Senate Foreign Relations Committee issued a favorable report of <a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a> for secretary of state by a vote of 15-3.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 24, 2021</b>: Senate Majority Leader <a href="/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D-N.Y.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-usa-congress/we-cant-wait-biden-administration-fights-for-1-9-trillion-covid-19-relief-plan-idUSKBN29T0LO">said</a> the <a href="/Filibuster_and_reconciliation_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Filibuster and reconciliation in the United States Congress">reconciliation process</a> was one tool Democrats were considering to move forward on Biden’s COVID-19 relief plan.</li> <li><b>January 22, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Lloyd_Austin_for_secretary_of_defense" title="Confirmation process for Lloyd Austin for secretary of defense">confirmed</a> <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> for secretary of defense by a vote of 93-2.</li> <li>The Senate Finance Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/finance/535381-senate-panel-unanimously-advances-yellen-nomination-for-treasury">unanimously</a> voted to support <a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>’s nomination for secretary of the Treasury.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 21, 2021</b>: <ul><li><a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> appeared before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation for his <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Pete_Buttigieg_for_secretary_of_transportation" title="Confirmation process for Pete Buttigieg for secretary of transportation">confirmation hearing</a> for secretary of transportation.</li> <li>Rep. <a href="/Marjorie_Taylor_Greene" title="Marjorie Taylor Greene">Marjorie Taylor Greene</a> (R-Ga.) filed <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://greene.house.gov/media/press-releases/congresswoman-marjorie-taylor-greene-introduces-articles-impeachment-against">articles of impeachment</a> against Biden. She released a press release that said the charges were “for his corrupt actions involving his quid pro quo in Ukraine and his abuse of power by allowing his son, Hunter Biden, to siphon off cash from America’s greatest enemies Russia and China.” Biden has not issued a response. <i>The Hill</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/535317-rep-marjorie-taylor-greene-files-articles-of-impeachment-against-biden">reported</a>, “An investigation by Senate Republicans last year into corruption allegations against the Bidens found no evidence of wrongdoing by the current president.”</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 20, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden was sworn in as the 46th president of the United States. Harris was sworn in as the 49th vice president of the United States.</li> <li><a href="/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> was <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Avril_Haines_for_director_of_national_intelligence" title="Confirmation process for Avril Haines for director of national intelligence">confirmed</a> by the U.S. Senate as director of national intelligence by a vote of 84-10.</li> <li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/20/politics/executive-actions-biden/index.html">expected to sign</a> 17 executive orders, memoranda, and agency directives related to the coronavirus, economy, immigration, and other issues. This included launching a mask mandate on federal property, ending the United States’ withdrawal from the World Health Organization, rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, and canceling the Keystone XL pipeline.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 19, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/534893-biden-and-harris-announce-formation-of-white-house-gender-policy">announced</a> the creation of a White House Gender Policy Council. <a href="/Jennifer_Klein" title="Jennifer Klein">Jennifer Klein</a>, the chief strategy and policy officer at Time’s Up, and Jill Biden’s incoming chief of staff Julissa Reynoso, were named the co-chairs of the council.</li> <li><b>January 18, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-additional-key-administration-posts-2/">announced</a> the following two presidential appointments: <ul><li><a href="/Gary_Gensler" title="Gary Gensler">Gary Gensler</a> for chairman of the <a href="/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="Securities and Exchange Commission">Securities and Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/Rohit_Chopra" title="Rohit Chopra">Rohit Chopra</a> for director of the <a href="/Consumer_Financial_Protection_Bureau" title="Consumer Financial Protection Bureau">Consumer Financial Protection Bureau</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>January 16, 2021</b>: Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/speeches/remarks-announcing-key-science-advisors-as-prepared-for-delivery-by-president-elect-joe-biden-in-wilmington-delaware/">announced</a> that he had selected a geneticist <a href="/Eric_Lander" title="Eric Lander">Eric Lander</a> as his presidential science advisor and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. Biden also said that he was elevating this position to be Cabinet-rank.</li> <li><b>January 15, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced additional appointees to deputy and administrative roles: <ul><li>Janet McCabe for deputy administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</li> <li>Shalanda Young for deputy director of the Office of Management and Budget</li> <li>Jason Miller for deputy director of management at the Office of Management and Budget</li> <li><a href="/David_S._Cohen" title="David S. Cohen">David Cohen</a> for deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency</li> <li>Deanne Criswell, FEMA administrator</li></ul></li> <li>Biden also selected David Kessler <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/15/health/covid-vaccine-kessler.html">to lead</a> the federal vaccine distribution program. Kessler was the commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration during the Bush I and Clinton administrations.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 14, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Interior Secretary nominee <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> released her <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/morning-energy/2021/01/14/michigans-snyder-charged-over-flint-792770">financial disclosures</a>, which showed that she received no income beyond her congressional salary and had between $15,000 and $50,000 in student loan debt from her 2006 law degree.</li> <li>The Senate Intelligence Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.rubio.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2021/1/rubio-warner-statement-on-postponement-of-avril-haines-hearing">postponed</a> its planned hearing with <a href="/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a> from January 15 to the following week.</li> <li>Following Twitter’s announcement that current @POTUS followers would be <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2021/01/14/biden-administration-twitter-accounts-transfer-trump-inauguration-day/4168127001/">reset to zero</a> when Biden took office, the Biden Transition created a new account in the interim—<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/preselectbiden">@PresElectBiden</a>—to build up a following before he took office. This account would become @POTUS when he was sworn in.</li> <li>Biden announced <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-and-vice-president-elect-kamala-harris-announce-additional-members-of-white-house-staff-4/">additional appointees</a> to the Domestic Policy Council, Office of Domestic Climate Policy, The White House Council on Environmental Quality, National Economic Council, and the Presidential Personnel Office.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 13, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-ambassador-samantha-power-as-his-nominee-for-usaid-administrator/">announced</a> that he had selected <a href="/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a>, a former ambassador to the United Nations from 2013 to 2017, as his nominee for administrator of the United States Agency for International Development. He also elevated the position to the National Security Council (NSC).</li> <li>Biden announced more appointees to the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-and-vice-president-elect-kamala-harris-announce-additional-members-of-the-national-security-council-2/">National Security Council</a>, including Ann Neuberger in a new cybersecurity-focused position on the council.</li></ul></li> <li>Due to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/13/politics/biden-amtrak-inauguration-security/index.html">security concerns</a>, Biden would not take the Amtrak from Delaware to Washington, D.C., for the inauguration.</li> <li><b>January 12, 2021</b>: <ul><li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/01/12/gensler-biden-sec/">reported</a> that Biden was likely to select Gary Gensler, a former chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission during the Obama administration, as his pick for chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission</li> <li>Three members of the Senate Armed Services Committee—<a href="/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> (D-Mass.), <a href="/Tammy_Duckworth" title="Tammy Duckworth">Tammy Duckworth</a> (D-Ill.), and <a href="/Richard_Blumenthal" title="Richard Blumenthal">Richard Blumenthal</a> (D-Conn.)—said they would vote against granting a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.rollcall.com/2021/01/12/several-senate-armed-services-members-oppose-austin-waiver/">waiver</a> to Ret. Army General <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> to allow him to serve as secretary of defense after leaving military service less than seven years ago.</li> <li>In addition to <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>’s previously announced confirmation hearing, three more <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet_nominees" title="Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees">confirmation hearings</a> were scheduled for January 19: <ul><li><a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>, nominee for secretary of the Treasury, before the Senate Finance Committee;</li> <li><a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, nominee for secretary of homeland security, before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs; and</li> <li><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a>, nominee for secretary of state, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.</li></ul></li> <li>The Biden Transition said that Biden planned to appoint career officials as <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-cabinet/biden-plans-to-appoint-interim-agency-heads-during-confirmation-process-idUSKBN29I047">interim agency heads</a> during the confirmation process for his nominees.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> reported that the Biden Transition was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/12/biden-national-security-nominees-confirmation-458004https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/12/biden-national-security-nominees-confirmation-458004">prioritizing</a> confirmation of national security Cabinet nominees <a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, and <a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a>. “Amid fallout from the deadly riots at the U.S. Capitol, Biden officials and congressional allies will begin making the case Tuesday that there is a unique urgency in getting the positions filled as soon as possible so there is no gap in national security during a presidential transfer of power,” <i>Politico</i> said.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 11, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-ambassador-william-j-burns-as-his-nominee-for-cia-director/">announced</a> <a href="/William_J._Burns" title="William J. Burns">William J. Burns</a>, a former ambassador to Russia and Jordan, was his nominee for director of the CIA. <i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/transition-playbook/2021/01/08/impeachment-threatens-to-derail-biden-transition-792683">reported</a> that the position, created in 2005, would not be part of Biden’s Cabinet. President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) was the first and only president to give it Cabinet-rank status.</li> <li>The House introduced an <a href="/Impeachment_of_Donald_Trump,_2021" title="Impeachment of Donald Trump, 2021">article of impeachment</a> against President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) on Monday. With the possibility of a Senate trial taking place during the first 100 days of Biden’s presidential term, Biden said he was exploring whether both his policy agenda and the trial could be on the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-trump-senate-impeachment/2021/01/11/22ff2c12-5427-11eb-a817-e5e7f8a406d6_story.html">Senate schedule</a> at the same time.</li> <li><i>Bloomberg</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-01-11/biden-s-team-explores-ways-to-replace-fannie-freddie-regulator">reported</a> that the Biden Transition was considering what it would take to remove the director of the <a href="/Federal_Housing_Finance_Agency" title="Federal Housing Finance Agency">Federal Housing Finance Agency</a>, Mark Calabria, who was appointed in 2019 to a five-year term. It was not known whether Biden would have the authority to do so. “Any effort to oust Calabria probably wouldn’t be activated unless he starts to take drastic steps to change Fannie and Freddie’s status that the Biden administration would have difficulty reversing, such as trying to release the companies from federal control,” <i>Bloomberg</i> said.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abc7news.com/joe-biden-covid-vaccine-coronavirus-covid-19-gets/9561849/">received</a> a second dose of the Pfizer vaccine for COVID-19.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 8, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Ten House Republicans called on House Speaker <a href="/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D-Calif.) to not fast track <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>’s <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/transition-playbook/2021/01/08/impeachment-threatens-to-derail-biden-transition-792683">waiver</a> to serve as secretary of defense. They wrote, “We urge the waiver process to receive full time for deliberation, including committee hearings, a committee vote, and a recorded vote on the House floor.” The signers include Reps. Jack Bergman (R-Mich.), Mike Gallagher (R-Wis.), Michael Waltz (R-Fla.), Mo Brooks (R-Ala.), Don Bacon (R-Neb.), Rob Wittman (R-Va.), Vicky Hartzler (R-Mo.), Mike Turner (R-Ohio), and Matt Gaetz (R-Fla.).</li> <li>Trump said he would not attend Biden’s inauguration. The <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/11/opinions/presidents-history-skipping-inauguration-day-balcerski/index.html">last president</a> not to participate in his successor’s inauguration was Andrew Johnson in 1869. Vice President <a href="/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2021/01/09/955331598/pence-will-attend-biden-inauguration">said</a> he would attend the event.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 7, 2021</b>: <ul><li>The Senate Armed Services Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/07/senate-sets-lloyd-austin-hearing-456097">scheduled</a> a confirmation hearing for Secretary of Defense nominee Lloyd Austin on January 19. This was the first confirmation hearing scheduled by a Senate committee for a Biden nominee.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-additional-key-members-of-his-economic-and-jobs-team/">announced</a> three economic Cabinet and Cabinet-rank nominees: <ul><li>Rhode Island Gov. <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> (D) for secretary of commerce</li> <li>Boston Mayor <a href="/Martin_Walsh_(Massachusetts)" title="Martin Walsh (Massachusetts)">Marty Walsh</a> for secretary of labor</li> <li><a href="/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a> for small business administrator</li></ul></li> <li>Congress convened a joint session on January 6 to count <a href="/Electoral_College_in_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Electoral College in the 2020 presidential election">electoral votes</a> by state and confirm the result of the presidential election. The proceedings were interrupted when supporters of President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) breached the Capitol and the building went into lockdown. After the Capitol was secured, Congress reconvened after 8 p.m. ET to continue with the count. At 3:40 a.m. ET on January 7, Pence declared Biden the winner of the 2020 presidential election. <a href="/Counting_of_electoral_votes_(January_6-7,_2021)" title="Counting of electoral votes (January 6-7, 2021)">Click here</a> to learn more about the proceedings, Capitol lockdown, and objections to the count.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-key-nominations-for-the-department-of-justice/">announced</a> that federal judge <a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a> was his nominee for attorney general.</li> <li>He also announced three other Department of Justice nominations: <ul><li>Lisa Monaco, deputy attorney general</li> <li>Vanita Gupta, associate attorney general</li> <li>Kristen Clarke, assistant attorney general for civil rights</li></ul></li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/jmartNYT/status/1347244534229565440">reportedly</a> selected Rhode Island Gov. <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> (D) for secretary of commerce, according to <i>New York Times</i> reporter Jonathan Martin.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/tylerpager/status/1347248547645841410">reportedly</a> selected Boston Mayor <a href="/Martin_Walsh" title="Martin Walsh">Marty Walsh</a> (D) for secretary of labor, according to White House correspondent Tyler Pager.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 6, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Operation Warp Speed leader Moncef Slaoui was expected to continue to work in the Biden administration as a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.statnews.com/2021/01/06/moncef-slaoui-consultant-biden/">consultant</a>. He said, “I will continue to support as needed, I think we are getting close to the point where my value add is more limited and therefore I’ll expect my activity to decrease gradually after January 21.”</li> <li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/06/biden-white-house-cybersecurity-neuberger-455508">expected</a> to name the National Security Agency’s director of cybersecurity, Anne Neuberger, to a newly created position on the National Security Council focused on cybersecurity.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 5, 2021</b>: <ul><li>Fourteen Democratic senators sent a <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/doug-jones-biden-attorney-general_n_5ff48b3dc5b6fd331111666a">letter</a> to Biden encouraging him to select former Sen. <a href="/Doug_Jones_(Alabama)" title="Doug Jones (Alabama)">Doug Jones</a> (D-Ala.) for U.S. attorney general. <i>HuffPost</i> described the signatories as mostly moderates.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/05/biden-national-security-roles-455062">reported</a> that Biden was expected to name Jon Finer as deputy national security adviser and Wendy R. Sherman as deputy secretary of state. Both Finer and Sherman <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/05/us/politics/biden-national-security-state-officials.html">worked</a> with former Secretary of State John Kerry.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-and-vice-president-elect-kamala-harris-announce-additional-members-of-white-house-staff-2/">announced</a> White House staff appointments to the offices of the Cabinet Secretary, Political Strategy and Outreach, Public Engagement, and Management and Administration. None of these positions require Senate confirmation. <ul><li>Evan Ryan, cabinet secretary</li> <li><a href="/Cristobal_Alex" title="Cristobal Alex">Cristóbal J. Alex</a>, deputy cabinet secretary</li> <li>Emmy Ruiz, director of political strategy and outreach</li> <li>Erin Wilson, deputy director of political strategy and outreach</li> <li>Adrian Saenz, deputy director of the Office of Public Engagement</li> <li>Austin Lin, deputy director of technology</li> <li>David Recordon, director of technology</li></ul></li> <li><i>HuffPost</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/biden-solicitor-general-climate-shell_n_5ff37919c5b6ec8ae0b501ca">reported</a> lawyer David Frederick, a partner at Kellogg, Hansen, Todd, Figel & Frederick, was in consideration for solicitor general. He was an assistant to the solicitor general during the Clinton administration and considered for solicitor general by President <a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (D).</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 4, 2021</b>: <ul><li><i>Axios</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/raimondo-leading-candidate-commerce-4240e386-d1ee-4e47-b273-91730201d179.html">reported</a> Rhode Island Gov. <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> (D) was again in consideration for a Cabinet position as secretary of commerce. In December, she publicly stated she would not be Biden’s nominee for secretary of health and human services.</li> <li>Biden held a rally in Atlanta, Georgia, on Monday for the two Democratic candidates in <a href="/United_States_Senate_runoff_elections_in_Georgia_(January_5,_2021)" title="United States Senate runoff elections in Georgia (January 5, 2021)">Georgia’s Senate runoff elections</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>January 2, 2021</b>: Eleven Republican senators—<a href="/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> (Texas), <a href="/Ron_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Johnson">Ron Johnson</a> (Wis.), <a href="/James_Lankford" title="James Lankford">James Lankford</a> (Okla.), <a href="/Steve_Daines" title="Steve Daines">Steve Daines</a> (Mont.), <a href="/John_Kennedy" title="John Kennedy">John Kennedy</a> (La.), <a href="/Marsha_Blackburn" title="Marsha Blackburn">Marsha Blackburn</a> (Tenn.), <a href="/Mike_Braun" title="Mike Braun">Mike Braun</a> (Ind.), <a href="/Cynthia_Lummis" title="Cynthia Lummis">Cynthia Lummis</a> (Wyo.), <a href="/Roger_Marshall" title="Roger Marshall">Roger Marshall</a> (Kan.), <a href="/Bill_Hagerty" title="Bill Hagerty">Bill Hagerty</a> (Tenn.), and <a href="/Tommy_Tuberville" title="Tommy Tuberville">Tommy Tuberville</a> (Ala.)—<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cruz.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=5541">announced</a> that they would challenge electors from several states due to allegations of election fraud. They did not specify which states. Sen. <a href="/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Josh Hawley</a> (Mo.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/02/ted-cruz-electoral-college-challenge-453430">previously announced</a> his objection.</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2020">2020</span></h3> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#dec2020" style="background:#eee;">December 2020 (click to collapse)</a><div id="dec2020" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <ul><li><b>December 31, 2020</b>: The Office of Government Ethics <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/bidens-pick-to-lead-treasury-made-over-7m-in-speaking-fees/2021/01/01/5622f566-4c3d-11eb-97b6-4eb9f72ff46b_story.html">released</a> financial disclosure statements from Cabinet nominees Janet Yellen, Antony Blinken, and Avril Haines.</li> <li><b>December 30, 2020</b>: <ul><li><a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a>, the incoming White House press secretary, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/politicsNews/idUSKBN29422E">said</a> that Biden would make more Cabinet announcements this week.</li> <li>The Biden Transition <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-and-vice-president-elect-kamala-harris-announce-additional-members-of-white-house-staff/">announced</a> additional White House staff appointments, including special assistants to the president and legislative affairs personnel. The transition team said in a statement that 100 White House staff appointments had been made before the end of the year.</li> <li>The Biden Transition <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/31/politics/trump-biden-transition-budget-director/index.html">said</a> that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) was not fully cooperating with the transition. “OMB leadership's refusal to fully cooperate impairs our ability to identify opportunities to maximize the relief going out to Americans during the pandemic and it leaves us in the dark as it relates to COVID-related expenditures and critical gaps,” transition executive director Yohannes Abraham said.</li> <li>OMB Director Russell Vought <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/31/politics/trump-biden-transition-budget-director/index.html">responded</a> in a letter on December 31: “As the record shows, OMB has fully participated in appropriate transition efforts. What we have not done and will not do is use current OMB staff to write the [Biden Transition Team's] legislative policy proposals to dismantle this Administration's work. OMB staff are working on this Administration's policies and will do so until this Administration's final day in office.”</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 28, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced members of the White House Office of Digital Strategy. All 12 appointees worked on Biden’s 2020 presidential campaign: <ul><li>Brendan Cohen, platform manager</li> <li>Rob Flaherty, director of digital strategy</li> <li>Maha Ghandour, digital partnerships manager</li> <li>Jonathan Hebert, video director</li> <li>Jaime Lopez, director of platforms</li> <li>Carahna Magwood, creative director</li> <li>Abbey Pitzer, designer</li> <li>Olivia Raisner, traveling content director</li> <li>Rebecca Rinkevich, deputy director of digital strategy</li> <li>Aisha Shah, partnerships manager</li> <li>Christian Tom, deputy director of digital strategy</li> <li>Cameron Trimble, director of digital engagement</li></ul></li> <li>Vice President-elect <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D) received her first dose of Moderna’s coronavirus vaccine.</li> <li>Biden criticized the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/28/biden-accuses-trumps-pentagon-and-omb-of-obstruction-demands-cooperation.html">level of cooperation</a> his team was receiving from certain agencies. He said, “We’ve encountered roadblocks from the political leadership in the Department of Defense and the Office of Management and Budget. Right now, we just aren’t getting all the information that we need from the outgoing administration in key national security areas.”</li> <li>Acting Secretary of Defense <a href="/Christopher_Miller" title="Christopher Miller">Christopher Miller</a> (R) responded in a statement, “The Department of Defense has conducted 164 interviews with over 400 officials, and provided over 5,000 pages of documents – far more than initially requested by Biden’s transition team."</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 27, 2020</b>: Sen. <a href="/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> (I-Vt.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/27/sanders-biden-cabinet-picks-450796">said</a> that the Cabinet should include progressive members. "What I have said many, many times is the progressive movement itself probably is 35 or 40 percent of the Democratic Coalition. And I believe that the progressive movement deserves seats in the Cabinet; that has not yet happened,” he said.</li> <li><b>December 25, 2020</b>: Three former federal prosecutors were reportedly still in consideration for <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2020/12/25/merry-christmas-491247">attorney general</a>: judge <a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>, Sen. <a href="/Doug_Jones_(Alabama)" title="Doug Jones (Alabama)">Doug Jones</a> (Ala.), and former deputy attorney general Sally Yates.</li> <li><b>December 23, 2020</b>: <i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/23/biden-labor-secretary-diversity-pressure-450237">reported</a> that Boston Mayor <a href="/Martin_Walsh_(Massachusetts)" title="Martin Walsh (Massachusetts)">Marty Walsh</a> (D) was in top consideration for secretary of labor. California Labor Secretary Julie Su (supported by AAPI legislators) and former ambassador to South Africa Patrick Gaspard (supported by the Congressional Black Caucus PAC) were also potential nominees.</li> <li><b>December 22, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-dr-miguel-cardona-as-nominee-for-secretary-of-education/">announced</a> <a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a>, the Connecticut commissioner of education, as his nominee for secretary of education.</li> <li>Biden digital director Rob Flaherty <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-22/biden-potus-account-to-start-from-zero-without-trump-followers">said</a> that Twitter would not automatically roll over followers of the @POTUS (33 million) and @WhiteHouse (26 million) accounts to the Biden administration. Those accounts would instead be archived under different names and the primary accounts reset to zero followers. In 2017, President <a href="/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (R) inherited outgoing President <a href="/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>’s (D) 13 million followers under those account names. Twitter spokesman Nick Pacilio said Twitter was in “ongoing discussions with the Biden transition team on a number of aspects related to White House account transfers.”</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-pentagon-wont-brief-his-team-on-suspected-russian-hack-2020-12">said</a> the Pentagon was not briefing his transition team on the suspected Russian cyberattack and other national security issues. In a responding statement, a representative from the Pentagon directed Biden’s team to the Cyber Unified Coordination Group for such a briefing.</li> <li>California Gov. <a href="/Gavin_Newsom" title="Gavin Newsom">Gavin Newsom</a> (D) announced that state Secretary of State <a href="/Alex_Padilla" title="Alex Padilla">Alex Padilla</a> would fill the vacancy left by Vice President-elect Kamala Harris (D-Calif.) in the U.S. Senate for the remaining two years of her term.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 21, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Senate Majority Leader <a href="/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (R-Ky.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.courier-journal.com/story/opinion/2020/12/21/will-mcconnell-and-biden-friendship-mean-a-functional-washington/3991651001/">discussed</a> the confirmation process for Biden’s nominees, saying, “They aren’t all going to pass on a voice vote, and they aren’t all going to make it, but I will put them on the floor.”</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/biden-education-secretary/2020/12/21/a1681e36-43d0-11eb-a277-49a6d1f9dff1_story.html">reported</a> that Biden was expected to nominate <a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a>, the commissioner of education in Connecticut, for secretary of education. Cardona <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/biden-education-department-miguel-cardonas-ba9fd21d-60ee-4f3f-b0ef-1dc09209c8b0.html">accepted</a> Biden’s offer, according to <i>Axios</i>. Former Howard University Dean Leslie Fenwick was also a finalist for the position.</li> <li>The Food & Water Watch, which <i>The New York Times</i> described as a consumer and environmental watchdog group, and the Environmental Working Group (EWG) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/21/us/politics/vilsack-usda-small-farmers.html">opposed</a> <a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>'s nomination for secretary of agriculture. “I think he’ll fold under pressure from the ag lobby, the subsidy lobby and big agriculture,” said EWG President Ken Cook. The National Farmers Union and Feeding America both backed Vilsack’s nomination.</li> <li>Biden and his wife, <a href="/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill</a>, were scheduled to publicly receive the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/NBCNews/status/1339998913969975296">Pfizer</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-receive-covid-19-vaccine-harris-campaigning-georgia-n1251890">COVID-19 vaccine</a> in Delaware. Vice President-elect <a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> was expected to receive the vaccine the following week.</li> <li>Harris was scheduled to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/biden-receive-covid-19-vaccine-harris-campaigning-georgia-n1251890">campaign</a> in Columbus, Georgia, with Democratic Senate candidates <a href="/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a> and <a href="/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 20, 2020</b>: Sen. <a href="/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">John Barrasso</a> (R-Wyo.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/531066-barrasso-biden-nominees-will-have-to-run-the-gauntlet-if-gop-confirms-senate">said</a> that he expected a Republican-controlled Senate to challenge Biden’s nominees. “[I]t's not going to be a garden party. If the Republicans are in the majority, these nominees are going to have to run the gauntlet,” he said.</li> <li><b>December 18, 2020</b>: <ul><li>To manage the <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-elections-nancy-pelosi-f1fc23845d49b1a2824c9416a80445e2">narrow Democratic majority</a> in the U.S. House, Rep. <a href="/James_Clyburn" title="James Clyburn">James Clyburn</a> (D-S.C.) said that Biden would likely appoint Rep. <a href="/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Cedric Richmond</a> (D-La.) to his administration as a senior advisor before nominating other sitting members of Congress for Cabinet positions. This appointment, which does not require Senate confirmation, would trigger a March special election in Louisiana. Clyburn said Biden would delay the nominations of Rep. <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> (D-N.M.) for interior secretary and Rep. <a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> (D-Ohio) for housing and urban development secretary until after this special election.</li> <li>Acting Defense Secretary Chris Miller temporarily <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/pentagon-biden-transition-briefings-123a9658-4af1-4632-a6e6-770117784d60.html">halted</a> Pentagon meetings with the Biden Transition, saying in a statement, “At no time has the Department cancelled or declined any interview. ... After the mutually-agreed upon holiday, which begins tomorrow, we will continue with the transition and rescheduled meetings from today.”</li> <li>The Biden Transition said that they <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/18/politics/pentagon-dod-transition-briefings/index.html">did not agree</a> to such a holiday break. “In fact, we think it's important that briefings and other engagements continue during this period, as there's no time to spare,” said spokesman Yohannes Abraham.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 17, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-key-members-of-his-climate-team/">announced</a> six appointments, including three Cabinet-level appointments: <a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> for secretary of energy, <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> for secretary of the interior, <a href="/Michael_Regan" title="Michael Regan">Michael Regan</a> for administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, Brenda Mallory for chair of the Council on Environmental Quality, <a href="/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a> for national climate advisor, and Ali Zaidi for deputy national climate advisor.</li> <li>Rep. <a href="/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Cedric Richmond</a> (D-La.), Biden’s incoming director of the Office of Public Engagement, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/17/947779921/cedric-richmond-close-biden-adviser-tests-positive-for-the-coronavirus">tested positive</a>] for COVID-19. Biden representative Kate Bedingfield said Richmond was not in close contact with Biden, and would quarantine for two weeks and be tested twice before returning to work.</li> <li>Los Angeles Mayor <a href="/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a> (D) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-race-and-ethnicity-cabinets-coronavirus-pandemic-f81b90eeab4f8ee51dbc6e43b8c93f76">announced</a> he had requested the transition team remove his name from consideration for any remaining positions. Garcetti said he made the decision due to the coronavirus pandemic. “This is a time to lead, and not to leave,” he said.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>December 16, 2020</b>: <ul><li><i>The New York Times</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/16/climate/brenda-mallory-council-environmental-quality.html">reported</a> Biden would select Brenda Mallory to head the Council on Environmental Quality. Mallory worked at the Environmental Protection Agency for 15 years before joining the Conservation Litigation Project and the Southern Environmental Law Center.</li> <li>A member of Biden’s transition press corps <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/16/biden-transition-press-corps-coronavirus-positive-446466">tested positive</a> for COVID-19. Biden’s office confirmed the individual traveled with Biden on Dec. 15 but was not in close contact with Biden as defined by the Centers for Disease Control.</li> <li>CNN <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/16/politics/biden-vaccination-coronavirus/index.html">reported</a> Biden would receive a COVID-19 vaccine publicly the week of Dec. 21. On Dec. 16, Biden told reporters, “I don't want to get ahead of the line, but I want to make sure we demonstrate to the American people that it is safe to take. When I do it, I'll do it publicly, so you can all witness my getting it done.”</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>December 15, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced he had selected former South Bend Mayor <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> (D) as his nominee for <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-mayor-pete-buttigieg-as-nominee-for-secretary-of-transportation/">secretary of transportation</a>.</li> <li><i>Axios</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/biden-commerce-secretary-republican-9cccc7b5-70f7-4bd4-afa2-5129fe6d4224.html">reported</a> that Biden was considering selecting a Republican or conservative, like former Hewlett Packard CEO <a href="/Meg_Whitman" title="Meg Whitman">Meg Whitman</a>, for secretary of commerce.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/15/climate/biden-cabinet-mccarthy-granholm-buttigieg.html">reportedly selected</a> Gina McCarthy as his senior advisor on climate change and former Michigan Gov. <a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a> for secretary of energy, according to <i>The New York Times</i>.</li> <li>The Inauguration Committee <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/inauguration-bide-harris/2020/12/15/0df1c6e8-3ee9-11eb-8db8-395dedaaa036_story.html">announced</a> that Biden and Harris would be sworn in on the steps of the Capitol. They called on Americans to remain home rather than travel to Washington, D.C., to attend the event in person.</li> <li>Biden campaigned in <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-15/biden-stumps-for-georgia-democrats-to-forge-path-for-his-agenda">Atlanta</a> to support the Democratic candidates—Jon Ossoff and Raphael Warnock—in two <a href="/United_States_Senate_runoff_elections_in_Georgia_(January_5,_2021)" title="United States Senate runoff elections in Georgia (January 5, 2021)">runoff elections</a> for Senate in Georgia. Following the general election in November, Republicans had 50 Senate seats to Democrats’ 48.</li> <li>The Senate Finance Committee sent <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-17/biden-s-cabinet-picks-start-to-move-through-confirmation-process">questionnaires</a> to <a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a> (nominee for treasury secretary) and <a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a> (nominee for health and human services secretary). The questionnaires were the beginning of their nomination processes.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 14, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden won <a href="/Electoral_College_in_the_2020_presidential_election" title="Electoral College in the 2020 presidential election">306 electoral votes</a> when Electoral College members met in each state and Washington, D.C. President <a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2020" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2020">Donald Trump</a> (R) received 232 votes. There were no faithless electors.</li> <li>Sen. <a href="/John_Cornyn" title="John Cornyn">John Cornyn</a> (R-Texas) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/530199-senate-gop-warns-biden-against-picking-sally-yates-as-attorney-general">said</a> he did not believe a Republican-controlled Senate would confirm Sally Yates for U.S. attorney general. Sens. <a href="/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (R-Iowa) and <a href="/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> (R-S.C.) also questioned her chances if she were nominated.</li> <li>New York Gov. <a href="/Andrew_Cuomo" title="Andrew Cuomo">Andrew Cuomo</a> (D) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.com/news/health/coronavirus/cuomo-biden-attorney-general-1.50091720">said</a> that he was not interested in serving as U.S. attorney general.</li> <li><a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, Biden’s pick for secretary of homeland security, received <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/law-enforcement-alejandro-mayorkas-biden-homeland-96e48dfa-a8e3-42d6-8fb0-107cb1fbea02.html">letters of support</a> from the following law enforcement groups: Major County Sheriffs of America, the Association of State Criminal Investigative Agencies, the National Fusion Center Association, and the National Narcotic Officers' Associations' Coalition.</li> <li>Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-closes-in-on-picks-for-key-environmental-posts-11607992655">expected</a> to name his picks for secretary of the interior and administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency in the following days. Rep. <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> (D-N.M.), Sen. <a href="/Tom_Udall" title="Tom Udall">Tom Udall</a> (D-N.M.), and former deputy Interior Secretary Michael Connor were in consideration for interior secretary, according to <i>The Wall Street Journal</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 13, 2020</b>: <ul><li>The Biden Transition <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/atlanta-mayor-bottoms-advisor-confirms-she-declined-offer-to-join-bidens-cabinet/F2QYOU4LR5CJ3NJ5W27Z7K7E4Y/">confirmed</a> that Atlanta Mayor <a href="/Keisha_Bottoms" title="Keisha Bottoms">Keisha Lance Bottoms</a> had been offered a Cabinet position but declined. They did not specify which office.</li> <li>Michael Regan, secretary of North Carolina’s Department of Environmental Quality, was in consideration for <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-14/biden-team-considering-north-carolina-official-to-lead-u-s-epa">administrator</a> of the <a href="/Environmental_Protection_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Protection Agency">Environmental Protection Agency</a>, according to <i>Bloomberg</i>.</li> <li>CNN <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/13/politics/pete-buttigieg-transportation-secretary/index.html">reported</a> that former South Bend Mayor <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> was being considered for secretary of transportation.</li> <li><i>New York Daily News</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-transportation-secretary-biden-trottenberg-feinberg-20201213-ooqpsjnrhfbojozrp2fxvlxiuu-story.html">also reported</a> that interim New York City Transit President Sarah Feinberg and former city Transportation Commissioner Polly Trottenberg were being vetted for the position.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 10, 2020</b>: Biden announced appointees for the following positions:<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>, secretary of agriculture</li> <li><a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a>, secretary of housing and urban development</li> <li><a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a>, secretary of veterans affairs</li> <li><a href="/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a>, U.S. trade representative</li> <li><a href="/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a>, director of the Domestic Policy Council</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 9, 2020</b>: <ul><li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/09/biden-covid-safety-transition-444040">reported</a> that the majority of Biden’s staff was working remotely rather than making use of space provided to them in the Commerce Department and the Pentagon following the General Service Administration’s ascertainment of the election. This decision was part of the transition’s COVID-19 protocol.</li> <li>In a statement <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/statements-by-hunter-biden-and-the-biden-harris-transition-team/">posted</a> on the Biden Transition website, Hunter Biden said the U.S. Attorney's Office in Delaware was investigating his tax dealings. Joe Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/09/politics/hunter-biden-tax-investigtation/index.html">was not implicated</a> in the investigation.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 8, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-nominates-retired-four-star-general-lloyd-austin-as-secretary-of-defense/">announced</a> retired Gen. <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> III as his nominee for secretary of defense. Biden also <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/12/secretary-defense/617330/">wrote</a> an op-ed in <i>The Atlantic</i> about his selection.</li> <li>Three Democratic senators said they would <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/08/politics/democratic-pushback-biden-cabinet-pick/index.html">not support a waiver</a> for Austin: Richard Blumenthal (Ct.), Elizabeth Warren (Mass.), and Jon Tester (Mont.).</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/08/944404049/biden-plans-to-tap-rep-marcia-fudge-as-housing-secretary-tom-vilsack-as-agricult">reportedly selected</a> Rep. <a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a> (D-Ohio) for secretary of housing and urban development. NPR reported, “Biden chose Fudge because of her track record as both a mayor of a Cleveland suburb and a lawmaker championing affordable housing and urban revitalization, and her ideas for addressing poverty and issues of inequality through the department's programs.” Fudge’s district, Ohio's 11th, was rated Safe Democratic. House vacancies are filled by special elections.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/08/tom-vilsak-agriculture-secretary-biden-443825">also reportedly</a> picked former Iowa Gov. <a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> (D) to serve as secretary of agriculture. Vilsack held this role during all eight years of the Obama administration. Sen. Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) said that he approved of Vilsack’s tenure and “if he was in for another four years it’d be OK with me.”</li> <li><i>Axios</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/pete-buttigieg-china-ambassador-biden-80aa9cc5-35a2-4205-836a-ca11d8af8f07.html">reported</a> that former South Bend Mayor <a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a> (D) was in consideration for ambassador to China. They said that “initial conversations over leading the Department of Veterans Affairs didn’t firm up, while Buttigieg's name is still mentioned among those under consideration for other domestic posts, including Transportation or Commerce.”</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 7, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/biden-expected-to-name-lloyd-austin-as-defense-secretary-11607388957?reflink=desktopwebshare_twitter">reportedly selected</a> retired Army Gen. <a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a> as his nominee for secretary of defense. If nominated, Austin would require a congressional waiver. Federal law prohibits a commissioned officer from filling this position if he or she is appointed within seven years of active duty. Austin would also be the first Black secretary of defense in U.S. history.</li> <li>Biden announced appointees for key health and COVID-19-related positions in his administration. <ul><li><a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>, secretary of health and human services</li> <li><a href="/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a>, U.S. surgeon general</li> <li>Rochelle Walensky, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</li> <li>Marcella Nunez-Smith, chairwoman of the COVID-19 Equity Task Force</li> <li>Anthony Fauci, chief medical adviser on COVID-19 and director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases</li> <li><a href="/Jeff_Zients" title="Jeff Zients">Jeff Zients</a>, coordinator of the COVID-19 response and counselor to the president</li> <li>Natalie Quillian, deputy coordinator of the COVID-19 response</li></ul></li> <li>Michigan Gov. <a href="/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a>, Los Angeles Mayor <a href="/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a>, and Reps. <a href="/James_Clyburn" title="James Clyburn">James Clyburn</a> (S.C.), <a href="/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Cedric Richmond</a> (La.), and <a href="/Lisa_Blunt_Rochester" title="Lisa Blunt Rochester">Lisa Blunt Rochester</a> (Del.) were announced as the co-chairs of Biden’s <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/12/07/politics-updates-joe-biden-donald-trump-presidential-transition/3854979001/">inaugural committee</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 4, 2020</b>: <i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/04/teachers-union-boss-courts-gop-key-hispanic-groups-in-bid-for-bidens-education-secretary-pick-442797">reported</a> that Lily Eskelsen García, the former president of the National Education Association, secured the support of the National Hispanic Leadership Agenda for secretary of education and consulted with Sen. <a href="/Lamar_Alexander" title="Lamar Alexander">Lamar Alexander</a> (R-Tenn.), a former secretary of education.</li> <li><b>December 3, 2020</b>: <ul><li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-murthy-fauci-coronavirus/2020/12/03/b041daf2-358c-11eb-a997-1f4c53d2a747_story.html">reported</a> that Biden chose Dr. <a href="/Vivek_Murthy" title="Vivek Murthy">Vivek Murthy</a> for U.S. surgeon general. Murthy previously held the position in the Obama administration.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/12/03/942449884/biden-asks-dr-fauci-to-join-his-team-will-urge-100-days-of-mask-wearing">said</a> that he asked Dr. Anthony Fauci to remain in his administration as chief medical adviser and director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Fauci <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/528734-fauci-says-he-accepted-bidens-offer-to-serve-as-chief-medical-adviser">confirmed</a> on Dec. 4 that he had accepted the offer.</li> <li>Rhode Island Gov. <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wpri.com/news/politics/raimondo-i-will-not-be-bidens-hhs-secretary/">said</a> that she was not taking a spot in Biden’s administration as secretary of health and human services. “My focus is right here in Rhode Island, as I have said. I’m working 24/7 to keep Rhode Islanders safe and keep our economy moving, and I have nothing else to add on that topic,” she said.</li> <li><i>Bloomberg</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-03/biden-s-choices-for-health-secretary-narrow-after-raimondo-exit">reported</a> that New Mexico Gov. <a href="/Michelle_Lujan_Grisham" title="Michelle Lujan Grisham">Michelle Lujan Grisham</a> declined an offer to join the Biden administration as secretary of the interior, preferring instead the post of secretary of health and human services. “The Biden team read that -- paired with the lack of Latina candidates for other cabinet-level posts -- as an effort to force their hand and soured on her candidacy, the person said,” Bloomberg continued.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 2, 2020</b>: <ul><li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/02/biden-nominations-transition-442046">reported</a> that, in anticipation of Republican challenges in the Senate to their appointees, the Biden Transition was focusing on appointments for mid- and lower-level officials at agencies that do not require Senate confirmation.</li> <li><i>The Washington Post</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/biden-covid-response-team/2020/12/02/292c9752-34c7-11eb-a997-1f4c53d2a747_story.html">identified</a> former National Economic Council Director Jeff Zients and former U.S. Surgeon General Vivek Murthy as the top two contenders for a White House senior position focused on the administration’s pandemic response.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/02/rhode-island-gina-raimondo-hhs-secretary-frontrunner-442270">reported</a> that Rhode Island Gov. <a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a> was now favored to be secretary of health and human services over New Mexico Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham. Murthy was also in consideration but “his candidacy for the HHS job has been dented by concerns over his lack of management experience,” according to <i>Politico</i>.</li> <li><i>The New York Times</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/12/02/us/joe-biden-trump/biden-plans-to-keep-wray-as-head-of-fbi-while-aides-say-cohen-is-leading-choice-to-take-over-cia">reported</a> that Biden did not plan to remove FBI Director <a href="/Christopher_Wray" title="Christopher Wray">Christopher Wray</a>—appointed by Trump in 2017—if he was still in the post when Biden’s administration began. Biden was also considering former Deputy Director of the CIA David S. Cohen for the top spot at the CIA.</li> <li>Rep. <a href="/Mo_Brooks" title="Mo Brooks">Mo Brooks</a> (R-Ala.) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/12/02/joe-biden-trump-transition-live-updates/#link-2PCBCMPJXNFJFFHPPY2TXQ3GPY">said</a> that he planned to challenge the Electoral College vote when Congress certified it on January 6, 2021. To initiate deliberation on the matter, a senator would also need to join the challenge.</li> <li>Sen. <a href="/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Chuck Grassley</a> (R-Iowa) recommended two Democratic Iowans for secretary of agriculture: former Sen. <a href="/Heidi_Heitkamp" title="Heidi Heitkamp">Heidi Heitkamp</a> and Rep. <a href="/Collin_Peterson" title="Collin Peterson">Collin Peterson</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>December 1, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden was reportedly <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-biden-environment/biden-shortlist-for-white-house-key-environmental-post-shows-focus-on-environmental-justice-idUSKBN28B4LN">considering</a> Mustafa Santiago Ali, Cecilia Martinez, and Brenda Mallory to head the White House Council on Environmental Quality.</li> <li>ABC News <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/controversial-postal-chief-poised-remain-biden-administration/story?id=74469137">reported</a> that Postmaster General Louis DeJoy (R) was expected to remain in office when the Biden administration took power because a president may not remove the postmaster general. Only the Postal Service’s governing board—composed of six Trump-appointed Republicans at the time of this story—may do so.</li> <li><i>FT</i> reported that Biden was considering <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/e682694f-9348-41b1-9409-82f48aa62f49">creating</a> an Asia tsar position on the National Security Council with an emphasis on U.S.-China relations.</li> <li>Attorney General <a href="/William_Barr" title="William Barr">William Barr</a> (R) <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-elections-william-barr-b1f1488796c9a98c4b1a9061a6c7f49d">said</a> that the Department of Justice had not found any evidence of “fraud on a scale that could have effected a different outcome in the election.”</li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <ul class="nav nav-stacked panel-group" id="headertabs-ul"><li class="panel"><a data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#headertabs-ul" href="#nov2020" style="background:#eee;">November 2020 (click to collapse)</a><div id="nov2020" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="November_2020">November 2020</span></h4> <ul><li><b>November 30, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-key-members-of-economic-team/">announced</a> his appointees for top economic roles, including the secretary of the Treasury and the Cabinet-rank positions of director of the Office of Management and Budget and chair of the Council of Economic Advisers. <ul><li><a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>, secretary of the Treasury</li> <li><a href="/Neera_Tanden" title="Neera Tanden">Neera Tanden</a>, director of the Office of Management and Budget</li> <li><a href="/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a>, chairwoman of the Council of Economic Advisers</li> <li>Wally Adeyemo, deputy secretary of the Treasury</li> <li>Jared Bernstein, member of the Council of Economic Advisers</li> <li>Heather Boushey, member of the Council of Economic Advisers</li></ul></li> <li>CNN <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/30/politics/neera-tanden-senate-republicans/index.html">reported</a> that Tanden could face difficulty being confirmed. Several Republican senators, including John Cornyn (Texas), Tom Cotton (Ark.), and Lindsey Graham (S.C.), either questioned her record or said she was unfit for the position.</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://whyy.org/articles/delaware-state-university-president-to-lead-biden-inauguration-planning/">announced</a> that Delaware State University President Tony Allen is leading the Presidential Inaugural Committee.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 29, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced his appointees for top White House <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-and-vice-president-elect-kamala-harris-announce-members-of-white-house-senior-communications-staff/">communications roles</a> on Sunday. “For the first time in history, these communications roles will be filled entirely by women,” the Transition said in a statement. <ul><li><a href="/Kate_Bedingfield" title="Kate Bedingfield">Kate Bedingfield</a>, White House communications director</li> <li><a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a>, White House press secretary</li> <li>Elizabeth Alexander, communications director for the first lady</li> <li>Ashley Etienne, communications director for the vice president</li> <li><a href="/Karine_Jean-Pierre" title="Karine Jean-Pierre">Karine Jean-Pierre</a>, principal deputy press secretary</li> <li><a href="/Symone_Sanders" title="Symone Sanders">Symone Sanders</a>, senior advisor and chief spokesperson for the vice president</li> <li>Pili Tobar, deputy White House communications director</li></ul></li> <li><i>The New York Times</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/11/29/us/joe-biden-trump?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage#who-will-fill-out-bidens-cabinet-heres-what-we-know-so-far">reported</a> that Tom Donilon, a former national security advisor during the Obama administration, declined to serve as CIA director because he did not want to return to government. Others in consideration for that post include Michael Morell, Sue Gordon, Vincent Stewart, Rep. Elissa Slotkin (Mich.), and Darrell Block.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 28, 2020</b>: Biden was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-suffers-hairline-fractures-foot-while-playing-dog-n1249298">injured</a> while playing with his German shepherd Major, suffering hairline fractures in his right foot. NBC News reported he would likely have to wear a walking boot for several weeks.</li> <li><b>November 26, 2020</b>: Biden was expected to name an <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/11/26/939084964/bidens-next-climate-chief-will-tackle-existential-threat-at-home">appointee</a> to lead a new climate office or policy council similar to the Domestic Policy Council. This would be the second high-level climate position in Biden’s administration following the announcement of climate envoy designate John Kerry.</li> <li><b>November 23, 2020</b>: <ul><li>The <a href="/General_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> ascertained the results of the presidential election, identifying Biden as the apparent winner and allowing him access to resources and funding to help with the transition. GSA Administrator <a href="/Emily_W._Murphy" title="Emily W. Murphy">Emily Murphy</a> said in a letter, "Please know that I came to my decision independently, based on the law and available facts. I was never directly or indirectly pressured by any Executive Branch official—including those who work at the White House or GSA—with regard to the substance or timing of my decision."</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.gov/press-releases/president-elect-biden-announces-key-members-of-foreign-policy-and-national-security-team/">announced</a> six leading members of his foreign policy and national security team. He said of his selections, “Their accomplishments in diplomacy are unmatched, but they also reflect the idea that we cannot meet the profound challenges of this new moment with old thinking and unchanged habits — or without diversity of background and perspective. It’s why I’ve selected them.” <ul><li><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a>, secretary of state nominee</li> <li><a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, secretary of homeland security nominee</li> <li><a href="/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a>, director of national intelligence nominee</li> <li><a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations nominee</li> <li><a href="/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a>, special presidential envoy for climate</li> <li><a href="/Jake_Sullivan" title="Jake Sullivan">Jake Sullivan</a>, national security advisor</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b>November 22, 2020</b>: Biden Transition senior adviser Jen Psaki said that the team preferred to use public pressure rather than legal action to encourage the <a href="/General_Services_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a> to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/527064-biden-transition-adviser-legal-action-for-ascertainment-isnt-our">ascertain</a> the election results and open up access to funding, background checks, and other resources.</li> <li><b>November 20, 2020</b>: <ul><li>NPR reported that Obama’s final Supreme Court justice nominee, <a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>, was in consideration for attorney general. The shortlist also included former Deputy Attorney General Sally Yates, former Massachusetts Gov. <a href="/Deval_Patrick" title="Deval Patrick">Deval Patrick</a>, and Sen. <a href="/Doug_Jones" title="Doug Jones">Doug Jones</a> (Ala.).</li> <li>Biden and Harris <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-19/biden-to-host-first-meeting-with-pelosi-schumer-since-election">met</a> with House Speaker <a href="/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a> (D) and Senate Minority Leader <a href="/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D) in Wilmington, Delaware.</li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/20/biden-cabinet-senate-republicans-438459">Three Republican senators</a> indicated they were willing to confirm Biden’s Cabinet nominees. Sen. <a href="/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (Utah) said that a “president ought to be able to pick his or her Cabinet barring someone who is out of the mainstream of either party.” Sen. <a href="/Susan_Collins" title="Susan Collins">Susan Collins</a> (Maine) said she would give “great latitude” to the president. Sen. <a href="/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Lisa Murkowski</a> (Alaska) similarly said, “Our job, our role is to make sure that he selects folks that are … within the mainstream. And are good, qualified credible candidates. And if he does that, sure, I am going to work with him.”</li> <li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2020/11/19/business/us-economy-coronavirus">said</a> that he had selected his nominee for secretary of the Treasury and would make an announcement the following week. Federal Reserve Board member Lael Brainard, former Federal Reserve chairwoman Janet Yellen, and former Federal Reserve Board member Roger Ferguson were on the shortlist, according to <i>The New York Times</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 19, 2020</b>: <ul><li>CNN reported that Los Angeles Mayor <a href="/Eric_Garcetti" title="Eric Garcetti">Eric Garcetti</a> and former Chicago Mayor <a href="/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> were in <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/19/politics/rahm-emanuel-transportation-secretary/index.html">consideration</a> for secretary of transportation.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/19/biden-fundraising-trump-withholds-federal-money-438197">reported</a> that the Biden Transition had raised more than $8 million to cover costs and payroll associated with the transition.</li> <li>CBS News <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/joe-biden-cabinet-appointments-2020-11-19/">called</a> Tony Blinken, Biden’s campaign adviser on global issues, the frontrunner for secretary of state.</li> <li>Biden and Harris <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/biden-trump-us-election-news-11-19-20/index.html">discussed</a> the coronavirus pandemic response in a virtual meeting with the bipartisan National Governors Association’s executive committee.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 18, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/18/biden-builds-team-for-senate-confirmation-battles-437186">hired</a> former Obama White House communications director <a href="/Jen_Psaki" title="Jen Psaki">Jen Psaki</a> to lead a team overseeing the Senate confirmation process for his nominees.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> reported that infectious disease expert Anthony Fauci was expected to continue his role in the Biden administration. They added that it was unclear whether Trump coronavirus coordinator <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/18/biden-coronavirus-team-deborah-birx-437923">Deborah Birx</a> would be retained. Céline Gounder, a member of Biden’s COVID-19 advisory team, said, “It’s complicated. It’s almost like she herself has been politicized.”</li> <li><i>The Hill</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/526615-biden-eyes-new-leadership-at-troubled-public-lands-agency">reported</a> the following officials were candidates to lead the Bureau of Land Management (BLM): longtime BLM official Steve Ellis, Audubon Society lawyer Nada Culver, and former BLM director Neil Kornze.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 17, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Biden announced nine members of his <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://buildbackbetter.com/press-releases/president-elect-joe-biden-announces-members-of-white-house-senior-staff/">senior White House staff</a>, including <a href="/Jennifer_O%27Malley_Dillon" title="Jennifer O'Malley Dillon">Jennifer O'Malley Dillon</a> as deputy chief of staff, <a href="/Cedric_Richmond" title="Cedric Richmond">Cedric Richmond</a> as senior advisor, and <a href="/Steve_Ricchetti" title="Steve Ricchetti">Steve Ricchetti</a> as counselor to the president.</li> <li>The Biden Transition was <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/526411-haaland-being-vetted-by-biden-team-for-interior-secretary">vetting</a> Rep. <a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a> (D-N.M.) for secretary of the interior, according to <i>The Hill</i>. If selected, she would be the first Native American Cabinet secretary. Haaland’s district, New Mexico’s 1st, is rated Safe Democratic.</li> <li>NPR <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/biden-transition-updates/2020/11/17/935980843/veteran-democratic-aide-with-ties-to-congressional-black-caucus-in-mix-for-omb-c">reported</a> that John Jones, a former chief of staff to Rep. <a href="/Emanuel_Cleaver" title="Emanuel Cleaver">Emanuel Cleaver</a> (D-Mo.), was being considered for the position of director of the Office of Management and Budget. Jones also worked as an aide to Sen. Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.).</li> <li>Biden and Harris <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/biden-harris-receive-national-security-briefing-not-gov-t-officials-n1247970">received</a> a non-governmental national security briefing on Tuesday from diplomatic, intelligence, and defense experts. “The briefing is clearly part of the incoming administration's effort to pressure the General Services Administration to ascertain the election so that Biden can start receiving intelligence briefings,” NBC News reported.</li></ul></li> <li><b>November 16, 2020</b>: The Biden Transition began reviewing <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-judicial-nominees_n_5fb29c99c5b6d87818096821">potential judicial nominees</a>, according to <i>The Huffington Post</i>.</li> <li><b>November 15, 2020</b>: According to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/15/politics/biden-transition-team-diversity/index.html">data</a> provided to CNN, 46% of Biden’s transition staff are people of color and 52% are women.</li> <li><b>November 13, 2020</b>: <ul><li>Forty progressive groups—including MoveOn, Color of Change, and the Sunrise Movement—published a list of <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/progressive-groups-provide-400-person-directory-suggested-hires/story?id=74200548">400 recommended candidates</a> for what they called "the most powerful positions nobody's ever heard of” in government.</li> <li><i>Bloomberg</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-13/wall-street-knows-who-it-doesn-t-want-at-sec-gensler-or-bharara">reported</a> that Gary Gensler, the former chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and former U.S. attorney Preet Bharara were in consideration to lead the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Other potential candidates named in the article were former SEC commissioner Kara Stein, SEC commissioner Allison Lee, former Treasury official Michael Barr, Georgetown Law professor Chris Brummer, and former SEC commissioner Robert Jackson Jr.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/transition-playbook/2020/11/13/liberals-take-on-bidens-likely-pentagon-pick-791660">described</a> Michèle Flournoy as the “consensus choice among establishment Washington” for secretary of defense. Flournoy was the undersecretary of defense during President Barack Obama’s first term in office.</li> <li><i>Politico</i> also <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/11/13/biden-angus-king-for-intelligence-436462">reported</a> that Biden was considering Sen. <a href="/Angus_King" title="Angus King">Angus King</a> (Maine), an independent who caucuses with the Democrats, for director of national intelligence. Maine is one of 37 states where Senate vacancies are filled by gubernatorial appointment until the next statewide general election. Maine Gov. <a href="/Janet_Mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Janet Mills">Janet Mills</a> is a Democrat.</li></ul></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p></div></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"><script>googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0"); });</script></div><h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></li> <li><a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">Joe Biden presidential transition</a></li> <li><a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet_nominees" title="Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees">Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2020" title="Presidential election, 2020">Presidential election, 2020</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes">Footnotes</span></h2> <p> <script type="text/javascript"> if(document.getElementsByClassName("reference").length==0) if(document.getElementById('Footnotes')!==null) document.getElementById('Footnotes').parentNode.style.display = 'none'; </script> </p> <div class="references-small"><div class="mobile-columns"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artII-S2-C1-2/ALDE_00001131/"><i>Constitution Center</i>, "Presidential Advisors," accessed November 18, 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senate41724-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-senate41724_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>senate41724</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hr863-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hr863_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-hr863_3-1">3.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-resolution/863/text"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "H.Res.863 - Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 6, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/01/30/mayorkas-impeachment-defense-house-republicans"><i>Axios</i>, "Mayorkas mounts 11th-hour defense against GOP impeachment effort," January 30, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/house-republicans-impeach-homeland-security-secretary-mayorkas-8209736501ed4fe12e4b164443d6a8a9"><i>Associated Press</i>, "House Republicans are ready to impeach Homeland Security Secretary Mayorkas. Vote will be close," February 6, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/about/powers-procedures/impeachment/impeachment-belknap.htm"><i>Senate.gov</i>, "Impeachment Trial of Secretary of War William Belknap, 1876," accessed February 6, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billpage-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-0">7.00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-1">7.01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-2">7.02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-3">7.03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-4">7.04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-5">7.05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-6">7.06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-7">7.07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-8">7.08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-9">7.09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-10">7.10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-11">7.11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-billpage_7-12">7.12</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/815"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "H.R.815 - Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes." accessed Apri 24, 2024</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "billpage" defined multiple times with different content</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "billpage" defined multiple times with different content</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "billpage" defined multiple times with different content</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "billpage" defined multiple times with different content</span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "billpage" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2024/04/23/1246761008/senate-aid-ukraine-israel-taiwan"><i>NPR</i>, "Senate overwhelmingly passes aid for Ukraine, Israel and Taiwan with bipartisan vote," April 23, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/national-security/biden-signs-foreign-aid-bill-additional-military-aid-to-ukraine-could-arrive-in-days-d5507144?mod=hp_lead_pos2"><i>Wall Street Journal</i>, "Biden Signs Foreign Aid Bill, Clearing Way for More Military Gear for Ukraine," April 24, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The law said Biden could extend the deadline by 90 days if progress was made towards a sale.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2025/01/supreme-court-skeptical-of-ban-on-tiktok/"><i>SCOTUSblog</i>, "Supreme Court skeptical of ban on TikTok," January 10, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2025/01/supreme-court-upholds-tiktok-ban/"><i>SCOTUSBlog</i>, "Supreme Court upholds TikTok ban," January 17, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/20/tech/tiktok-future-donald-trump-ban-sale/index.html"><i>CNN</i>, "Trump signs promised executive action to delay TikTok ban for 75 days," January 20, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-signed-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-signed_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/us/politics/biden-debt-bill.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Biden Signs Fiscal Responsibility Act in End to Debt Limit Crisis," June 3, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1506"><i>U.S. Department of the Treasury</i>, "Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen Sends Letter to Congressional Leadership on the Debt Limit," May 26, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IN/IN12133"><i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "2023 Debt Limit: Congressional Consideration of Debt Limit Legislation," March 30, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/debt-ceiling-deal-food-aid-student-loans-3c284b01d95f8e193bca8d873386400e"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Debt ceiling deal: What’s in, what’s out of the bill to avert US default," May 29, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-initialdeclare-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-initialdeclare_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/03/18/2020-05794/declaring-a-national-emergency-concerning-the-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak"><i>Federal Register</i>, "Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak," March 13, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2023/04/10/biden-ends-covid-19-national-emergency-00091313"><i>Politico</i>, "Biden signs bill ending Covid-19 national emergency," April 10, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[<a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external free" href="https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10267">https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10267</a> <i>Congressional Research Service</i>, "Definition of National Emergency under the National Emergencies Act," March 1, 2019]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reg-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-reg_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/01/2022-25783/prudence-and-loyalty-in-selecting-plan-investments-and-exercising-shareholder-rights#h-17"><i>Federal Register</i>, "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights," December 1, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58965#:~:text=Res.%2030%20would%20disapprove%20the,effective%20on%20January%2030%2C%202023."><i>Congressional Budget Office</i>, "H.J. Res. 30, Providing for Congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to "Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights"," February 27, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNews-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USNews_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2017-06-01/democrats-push-to-repeal-congressional-review-act"><i>U.S. News</i>, "Democrats Push to Repeal Congressional Review Act," June 1, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vecc-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vecc_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/326636-the-congressional-review-act-and-a-deregulatory-agenda-for"><i>The Hill</i>, "The Congressional Review Act and a deregulatory agenda for Trump's second year," March 31, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smithsonian-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-smithsonian_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-congressional-review-act-180962031/"><i>Smithsonian Magazine</i>, "What Is the Congressional Review Act?" February 10, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIGAp2GPwCI&ab_channel=TheWhiteHouse"><i>YouTube</i>, "President Biden Hosts a Ceremony on the South Lawn to Sign the Respect for Marriage Act," December 13, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bill-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bill_27-0">27.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bill_27-1">27.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bill_27-2">27.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-bill_27-3">27.3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/8404"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "Respect for Marriage Act," accessed December 8, 2022</a> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; name "bill" defined multiple times with different content</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-billtext-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-billtext_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.baldwin.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/KIN22420_1114.pdf"><i>Office of Tammy Baldwin</i>, "H. R. 8404," accessed November 17, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amend-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-amend_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.baldwin.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-move-forward-on-bipartisan-respect-for-marriage-act-with-protections-for-religious-liberties"><i>Office of Tammy Baldwin</i>, "Senators Move Forward on Bipartisan Respect for Marriage Act With Protections For Religious Liberties," November 14, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senvote-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-senvote_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/SenatePress/status/1606006072195645440"><i>Twitter</i>, "Senate Press Gallery on December 22, 2022," accessed December 22, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-housevote-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-housevote_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2022/12/23/omnibus-bill-house/"><i>The Washington Post</i>, "House approves $1.7 trillion omnibus bill amid GOP objections, sending it to Biden," December 23, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.collins.senate.gov/newsroom/senators-introduce-reforms-to-the-electoral-count-act-of-1887"><i>Office of Susan Collins</i>, "Senators Introduce Reforms to the Electoral Count Act of 1887," July 20, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.collins.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/one_pager_on_electoral_count_reform_act_of_2022.pdf"><i>Office of Senator Susan Collins</i>, "One Pager on Electoral Count Reform Act of 2022," accessed September 30, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbsJune25-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cbsJune25_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gun-control-biden-bill-into-law/"><i>CBS</i>, "Biden signs bipartisan gun control bill into law," June 25, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cloture-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cloture_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>cloture</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-axiosJune23-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-axiosJune23_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2022/06/24/gun-control-bill-bipartisan-senate"><i>Axios</i>, "Senate passes bipartisan gun safety bill," June 23, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houseyes-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-houseyes_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>houseyes</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senate-advances-bipartisan-gun-control-legislation"><i>Fox News</i>, "Senate votes to advance bipartisan gun control legislation," June 22, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/21/us/politics/senate-gun-safety-bill.html?name=styln-gun-control&region=TOP_BANNER&block=storyline_menu_recirc&action=click&pgtype=Article&variant=show&is_new=false"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Bipartisan Gun Bill Clears Initial Vote in Senate," June 21, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2022/06/21/senate-gun-legislation-uvalde/"><i>The Texas Tribune</i>, "U.S. Senate, in 64-34 vote, advances bipartisan gun legislation backed by Cornyn," June 21, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.murphy.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/bipartisan_safer_communities_act_one_pager.pdf"><i>Office of Senator Chris Murphy</i>, "Bipartisan Safer Communities Act One Pager," accessed June 22, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://abc7news.com/joe-biden-inflation-bill-reduction-act-signing/12130004/"><i>ABC 7 News</i>, "Biden signs landmark Inflation Reduction Act at White House," August 16, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-text-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-text_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>text</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.democrats.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/inflation_reduction_act_one_page_summary.pdf"><i>Senate Democrats</i>, "Summary: The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," August 11, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.crfb.org/blogs/whats-inflation-reduction-act"><i>Committee for a Responsible Budget</i>, "What's In the Inflation Reduction Act?" July 28, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>On August 5, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) released a report on the bill, estimating a deficit decrease of about $100 billion. The report did not include certain tax provisions in the analysis. The CBO noted in its report, "CBO estimates that as a result of those increases in outlays, revenues would increase by $204 billion over the 2022-2031 period."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cbo-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cbo_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2022-08/hr5376_IR_Act_8-3-22.pdf"><i>Congressional Budget Office</i>, "Estimated Budgetary Effects of H.R. 5376, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, as Amended in the Nature of a Substitute (ERN22335) and Posted on the Website of the Senate Majority Leader on July 27, 2022," August 5, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBPP-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CBPP_48-0">48.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CBPP_48-1">48.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-budget/introduction-to-budget-reconciliation"><i>Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</i>, "Introduction to Budget Reconciliation," November 19, 2016</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rc-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-rc_49-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: Invalid <code><ref></code> tag; no text was provided for refs named <code>rc</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://rules.house.gov/sites/democrats.rules.house.gov/files/BILLS-117HR5746EAS-RCP117-28.pdf"><i>House Rules Committee</i>, "Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 13, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/589577-house-passes-voting-rights-package-setting-up-senate-filibuster-showdown"><i>The Hill</i>, "House passes voting rights package, setting up Senate filibuster showdown," January 13, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/American-Rescue-Plan-Fact-Sheet.pdf"><i>White House</i>, "American Rescue Plan Fact Sheet," accessed March 31, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/08/02/updated-fact-sheet-bipartisan-infrastructure-and-investment-jobs-act/"><i>White House</i>, "UPDATED FACT SHEET: Bipartisan Infrastructure and Investment Jobs Act," accessed August 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_54-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/07/28/upshot/infrastructure-breakdown.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "The Infrastructure Plan: What’s In and What’s Out," July 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/02/infrastructure-senate-to-vote-on-bipartisan-bill.html"><i>CNBC</i>, "Here’s what comes next for the $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill," August 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/whats-us-senates-bipartisan-12-tln-infrastructure-plan-2021-07-28/"><i>Reuters</i>, "Factbox: What's in the U.S. Senate's bipartisan $1.2 tln infrastructure plan?" July 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/congress-senate-passes-infrastructure-ahead-of-budget-battle"><i>Washington Examiner</i>, "Senate passes bipartisan infrastructure bill ahead of battle over budget," August 10, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-housepass-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-housepass_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/us/politics/house-infrastructure-reconciliation.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "House Passes $1 Trillion Infrastructure Bill, Putting Social Policy Bill on Hold," November 5, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-long-overdue-infrastructure-bill-passes-house-gop-votes-just-getting-started"><i>Fox News</i>, "Biden hails ‘long overdue’ infrastructure bill after it passes House with GOP votes: ‘Just getting started'," November 6, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/10/us/politics/progressives-democrats-budget.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "House progressives won’t vote for the infrastructure bill unless the Senate approves $3.5 trillion in other spending," August 10, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/24/house-passes-budget-resolution-advances-infrastructure-bill.html"><i>CNBC</i>, "House Democrats clear path toward passing $3.5 trillion budget bill and infrastructure plan after breaking stalemate," updated August 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Defer-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Defer_62-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/26/us/politics/infrastructure-vote-pelosi.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "Pelosi Announces Vote on $1 Trillion Bipartisan Infrastructure Bill," September 26, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2021/10/01/another-big-day-for-bidens-presidency-what-to-watch-494544"><i>Politico</i>, "Another big day for Biden’s presidency: What to watch," October 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oct31-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Oct31_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/575027-pelosi-sets-end-of-october-deadline-for-infrastructure-vote"><i>The Hill</i>, "Pelosi sets end-of-October deadline for infrastructure vote," October 2, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foxoct1-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-foxoct1_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/live-news/pelosi-delays-vote-infrastructure-bill-dems-deal-manchin"><i>Fox News</i>, "Pelosi delays vote on infrastructure bill as Dems fail to reach deal: LIVE UPDATES," October 1, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/build-back-better/"><i>The White House</i>, "The Build Back Better Framework," accessed October 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/budget-reconciliation-bill-build-back-better-act/"><i>CBS News</i>, "What's in Democrats' new $1.75 trillion social spending and climate bill?" October 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/10/28/president-biden-announces-the-build-back-better-framework/"><i>The White House</i>, "President Biden Announces the Build Back Better Framework," October 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ca.news.yahoo.com/biden-releases-trimmed-down-build-192815730.html"><i>Yahoo News</i>, "Biden Releases Trimmed Down ‘Build Back Better’ Framework — What’s Been Cut and How Revisions Will Offset Cost," October 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/10/22/1047975012/heres-what-we-know-is-in-the-scaled-back-biden-budget-bill-and-what-got-cut"><i>NPR</i>, "What stays and what's gone from Biden's spending bill (so far)," October 29, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-joe-biden-business-prices-health-88d4b4fff842e6248157276e73ec097b"><i>Associated Press</i>, "Paid leave, immigration, tax changes added to Biden bill," November 4, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/10/us/politics/progressives-democrats-budget.html"><i>The New York Times</i>, "House progressives won’t vote for the infrastructure bill unless the Senate approves $3.5 trillion in other spending," August 10, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/all-actions"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "H.R.3684 - INVEST in America Act," accessed August 3, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper1-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper1_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Phillip. (2014). <i>By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action</i>. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. (pgs. 21-22)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAT-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USAT_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/24/executive-order-vs-presidential-memorandum-whats-difference/96979014/"><i>USA Today</i>, "Presidential memoranda vs. executive orders. What's the difference?" January 24, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LOC-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LOC_76-0">76.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LOC_76-1">76.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://guides.loc.gov/executive-orders/order-proclamation-memorandum"><i>Executive Order</i>, "Executive Order, Proclamation, or Executive Memorandum?" accessed January 28, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/research/guide.html"><i>National Archives</i>, "Presidential Documents Guide," accessed December 16, 2024</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper2-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Cooper2_78-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cooper, Phillip. (2014). <i>By Order of the President: The Use and Abuse of Executive Direct Action</i>. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. (pg. 120)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_education/publications/teaching-legal-docs/what-is-an-executive-order-/"><i>American Bar Association</i>, "What Is an Executive Order?" January 25, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/06/announcement-of-opinions-for-friday-june-30-2/"><i>SCOTUSBlog</i>, "Announcement of opinions for Friday, June 30," June 30, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-plan-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-plan_81-0">81.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-plan_81-1">81.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/24/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-student-loan-relief-for-borrowers-who-need-it-most/"><i>White House</i>, "FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces Student Loan Relief for Borrowers Who Need It Most," August 24, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-debtceiling-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-debtceiling_82-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.marketplace.org/2023/06/02/what-the-debt-ceiling-deal-means-for-your-student-loans/"><i>Marketplace</i>, "What the debt ceiling deal means for your student loans," June 2, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-resume-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-resume_83-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/weekly-education/2023/06/12/biden-admin-will-resume-interest-on-federal-student-loans-sept-1-monthly-payments-due-in-october-00101431"><i>Politico</i>, "Biden admin will resume interest on federal student loans Sept. 1; monthly payments due in October," June 12, 2023</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The White House extended the repayment pause beyond this date.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/3669453-lawsuits-shrunk-eligibility-take-the-shine-off-bidens-student-debt-relief/"><i>The Hill</i>, "Lawsuits, shrunk eligibility take the shine off Biden’s student debt relief," October 2, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EO-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EO_86-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2021/04/09/executive-order-on-the-establishment-of-the-presidential-commission-on-the-supreme-court-of-the-united-states/"><i>White House</i>, "Executive Order on the Establishment of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States," April 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Announce-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Announce_87-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/09/president-biden-to-sign-executive-order-creating-the-presidential-commission-on-the-supreme-court-of-the-united-states/"><i>White House</i>, "President Biden to Sign Executive Order Creating the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States," April 9, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/584791-biden-supreme-court-study-panel-unanimously-approves-final-report?rl=1"><i>The Hill</i>, "Biden Supreme Court study panel unanimously approves final report," December 7, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2025-01/apptsbypres.pdf"><i>United States Courts,</i> "Judgeship Appointments by President," accessed January 20, 2025</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Article III judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. They serve for life.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/28/press-release-nominations-sent-to-the-senate-6/"><i>The White House</i>, "Press Release: Nominations Sent to the Senate," February 28, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/nomination/117th-congress/1783"><i>Congress.gov</i>, "PN1783 — Ketanji Brown Jackson — Supreme Court of the United States," accessed April 7, 2022</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGD-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AGD_93-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://attorneysgeneral.org/multistate-lawsuits-vs-the-federal-government/list-of-lawsuits-1980-present/"><i>State Litigation and AG Activity Database," accessed December 6, 2024</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/03/08/republican-led-states-sue-president-joe-biden-over-climate-change-order/4635600001/"><i>USA Today</i>, "12 Republican state attorneys general sue President Biden over climate change order," March 8, 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VoteHistory-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-VoteHistory_95-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/VPTies.pdf"><i>Senate.gov</i>, "Occasions When Vice Presidents Have Voted to Break Tie Votes in the Senate," accessed March 30, 2017</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/Transition46/status/1337062896837275653"><i>Twitter</i>, "Biden-Harris Presidential Transition," December 10, 2020</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#bbccee;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:BidenTransitionHNT" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:BidenTransitionHNT"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#bbccee;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:BidenTransitionHNT&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#bbccee;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><big><a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">Biden Administration</a></big></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Overviews</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Daily_Transition_Tracker" title="Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker">Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Joe Biden's Cabinet</a> • <a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet_nominees" title="Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees">Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">Joe Biden's executive orders and actions</a> • <a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation</a> • <a href="/Ambassadors_appointed_by_Joe_Biden" title="Ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden">Ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#bbccee;;"><b>Cabinet</b></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Members not requiring Senate confirmation</b> <ul><li><a href="/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a>, vice president</li> <li><a href="/Ron_Klain" title="Ron Klain">Ron Klain</a>, White House chief of staff</li></ul> <p><b>Members confirmed by the Senate</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/Tony_Blinken" title="Tony Blinken">Tony Blinken</a>, secretary of state</li> <li><a href="/Janet_Yellen" title="Janet Yellen">Janet Yellen</a>, secretary of the Treasury</li> <li><a href="/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a>, secretary of defense</li> <li><a href="/Merrick_Garland" title="Merrick Garland">Merrick Garland</a>, attorney general</li> <li><a href="/Gina_Raimondo" title="Gina Raimondo">Gina Raimondo</a>, secretary of commerce</li> <li><a href="/Martin_Walsh_(Massachusetts)" title="Martin Walsh (Massachusetts)">Marty Walsh</a>, secretary of labor</li> <li><a href="/Debra_Haaland" title="Debra Haaland">Debra Haaland</a>, secretary of the Interior</li> <li><a href="/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a>, secretary of agriculture</li> <li><a href="/Xavier_Becerra" title="Xavier Becerra">Xavier Becerra</a>, secretary of health and human services</li> <li><a href="/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a>, secretary of housing and urban development</li> <li><a href="/Miguel_Cardona" title="Miguel Cardona">Miguel Cardona</a>, secretary of education</li> <li><a href="/Pete_Buttigieg" title="Pete Buttigieg">Pete Buttigieg</a>, secretary of transportation</li> <li><a href="/Jennifer_Granholm" title="Jennifer Granholm">Jennifer Granholm</a>, secretary of energy</li> <li><a href="/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a>, secretary of veterans affairs</li> <li><a href="/Alejandro_Mayorkas" title="Alejandro Mayorkas">Alejandro Mayorkas</a>, secretary of homeland security</li> <li><a href="/Katherine_Tai" title="Katherine Tai">Katherine Tai</a>, U.S. trade representative</li> <li><a href="/Avril_Haines" title="Avril Haines">Avril Haines</a>, director of national intelligence</li> <li><a href="/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a>, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations</li> <li><a href="/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a>, chairwoman of the Council of Economic Advisers</li> <li><a href="/Michael_Regan" title="Michael Regan">Michael Regan</a>, administrator of the Environmental Protection AGency</li> <li><a href="/Isabel_Guzman" title="Isabel Guzman">Isabel Guzman</a>, administrator of the Small Business Administration</li></ul> <hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:xx-small; ;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;"><a href="/Template:Ballotpedia" title="Template:Ballotpedia"><span title="View this template" style=";background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Template:Ballotpedia&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#0744ac; color: white;;border:none;;" title="You can edit this template. Please use the preview button before saving.">e</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;">Ballotpedia</span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About</a></b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Overview</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:What_people_are_saying" title="Ballotpedia:What people are saying">What people are saying</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Donate" title="Ballotpedia:Donate">Support Ballotpedia</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Overview_and_contact_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Overview and contact information">Contact</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ways_you_can_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia:Ways you can help">Contribute</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Job opportunities</a><hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b>Executive:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Leslie_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Leslie Graves">Leslie Graves, President</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Gwen_Beattie" title="Ballotpedia:Gwen Beattie">Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer</a><br /> <p><b>Communications:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Alison_Graves" title="Ballotpedia:Alison Graves">Alison Graves</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Carley_Allensworth" title="Ballotpedia:Carley Allensworth">Carley Allensworth</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abigail_Campbell" title="Ballotpedia:Abigail Campbell">Abigail Campbell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Sarah_Groat" title="Ballotpedia:Sarah Groat">Sarah Groat</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathaniel_Harwood" title="Ballotpedia:Nathaniel Harwood">Nathaniel Harwood</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Dillon_Redmond" title="Ballotpedia:Dillon Redmond">Dillon Redmond</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Erica_Shumaker" title="Ballotpedia:Erica Shumaker">Erica Shumaker</a><br /> <b>External Relations: </b><a href="/Ballotpedia:Ashley_Fleming" title="Ballotpedia:Ashley Fleming">Ashley Fleming</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Hannah_Nelson" title="Ballotpedia:Hannah Nelson">Hannah Nelson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Katy_Noble" title="Ballotpedia:Katy Noble">Katy Noble</a><br /> <b>Operations:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Meghann_Olshefski" title="Ballotpedia:Meghann Olshefski">Meghann Olshefski</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amanda_Herbert" title="Ballotpedia:Amanda Herbert">Amanda Herbert</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Morris" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Morris">Mandy Morris</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Caroline_Presnell" title="Ballotpedia:Caroline Presnell">Caroline Presnell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Rindfleisch" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Rindfleisch">Kelly Rindfleisch</a><br /> <b>Policy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jimmy_McAllister" title="Ballotpedia:Jimmy McAllister">Jimmy McAllister</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jon_Dunn" title="Ballotpedia:Jon Dunn">Jon Dunn</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Amy_Handlin" title="Ballotpedia:Amy Handlin">Amy Handlin</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Annelise_Reinwald" title="Ballotpedia:Annelise Reinwald">Annelise Reinwald</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Soukup" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Soukup">Emma Soukup</a><br /> <b>Content Strategy:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Josh_Altic" title="Ballotpedia:Josh Altic">Josh Altic</a> <br /> <b>Tech:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Matt_Latourelle" title="Ballotpedia:Matt Latourelle">Matt Latourelle</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Burch" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Burch">Ryan Burch</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kirsten_Corrao" title="Ballotpedia:Kirsten Corrao">Kirsten Corrao</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Beth_Dellea" title="Ballotpedia:Beth Dellea">Beth Dellea</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Travis_Eden" title="Ballotpedia:Travis Eden">Travis Eden</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Tate_Kamish" title="Ballotpedia:Tate Kamish">Tate Kamish</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Margaret_Kearney" title="Ballotpedia:Margaret Kearney">Margaret Kearney</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Eric_Lotto" title="Ballotpedia:Eric Lotto">Eric Lotto</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Sanchez" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Sanchez">Joseph Sanchez</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mary_Susmitha" title="Ballotpedia:Mary Susmitha">Mary Susmitha</a><br /> </p> <b>Contributors:</b> <a href="/Ballotpedia:Scott_Rasmussen" title="Ballotpedia:Scott Rasmussen">Scott Rasmussen</a> <hr /></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";background:#f0a237; color: white;;"><span style="color:#0b47a8"><b>Editorial Content</b></span></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Geoff_Pallay" title="Ballotpedia:Geoff Pallay">Geoff Pallay, Director of Editorial Content and Editor-in-Chief</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ken_Carbullido" title="Ballotpedia:Ken Carbullido">Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Norm_Leahy" title="Ballotpedia:Norm Leahy">Norm Leahy, Senior Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Daniel_Anderson" title="Ballotpedia:Daniel Anderson">Daniel Anderson, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ryan_Byrne" title="Ballotpedia:Ryan Byrne">Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Cory_Eucalitto" title="Ballotpedia:Cory Eucalitto">Cory Eucalitto, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mandy_Gillip" title="Ballotpedia:Mandy Gillip">Mandy Gillip, Managing Editor</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Doug_Kronaizl" title="Ballotpedia:Doug Kronaizl">Doug Kronaizl, Local Elections Project Manager</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jaclyn_Beran" title="Ballotpedia:Jaclyn Beran">Jaclyn Beran</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Marielle_Bricker" title="Ballotpedia:Marielle Bricker">Marielle Bricker</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Brusgard" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Brusgard">Joseph Brusgard</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Emma_Burlingame" title="Ballotpedia:Emma Burlingame">Emma Burlingame</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kelly_Coyle" title="Ballotpedia:Kelly Coyle">Kelly Coyle</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Thomas_Ellis" title="Ballotpedia:Thomas Ellis">Thomas Ellis</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Frank_Festa" title="Ballotpedia:Frank Festa">Frank Festa</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nicole_Fisher" title="Ballotpedia:Nicole Fisher">Nicole Fisher</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Brianna_Hosea" title="Ballotpedia:Brianna Hosea">Brianna Hosea</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joseph_Greaney" title="Ballotpedia:Joseph Greaney">Joseph Greaney</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Thomas_Grobben" title="Ballotpedia:Thomas Grobben">Thomas Grobben</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jaime_Healy-Plotkin" title="Ballotpedia:Jaime Healy-Plotkin">Jaime Healy-Plotkin</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Tyler_King" title="Ballotpedia:Tyler King">Tyler King</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Glorie_Martinez" title="Ballotpedia:Glorie Martinez">Glorie Martinez</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Nathan_Maxwell" title="Ballotpedia:Nathan Maxwell">Nathan Maxwell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ellie_Mikus" title="Ballotpedia:Ellie Mikus">Ellie Mikus</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Jackie_Mitchell" title="Ballotpedia:Jackie Mitchell">Jackie Mitchell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ellen_Morrissey" title="Ballotpedia:Ellen Morrissey">Ellen Morrissey</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mackenzie_Murphy" title="Ballotpedia:Mackenzie Murphy">Mackenzie Murphy</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Kaley_Platek" title="Ballotpedia:Kaley Platek">Kaley Platek</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Samantha_Post" title="Ballotpedia:Samantha Post">Samantha Post</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Adam_Powell" title="Ballotpedia:Adam Powell">Adam Powell</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Ethan_Rice" title="Ballotpedia:Ethan Rice">Ethan Rice</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Spencer_Richardson" title="Ballotpedia:Spencer Richardson">Spencer Richardson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Victoria_Rose" title="Ballotpedia:Victoria Rose">Victoria Rose</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Briana_Ryan" title="Ballotpedia:Briana Ryan">Briana Ryan</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Myj_Saintyl" title="Ballotpedia:Myj Saintyl">Myj Saintyl</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Maddy_Salucka" title="Ballotpedia:Maddy Salucka">Maddy Salucka</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Maddie_Sinclair_Johnson" title="Ballotpedia:Maddie Sinclair Johnson">Maddie Sinclair Johnson</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Abbey_Smith" title="Ballotpedia:Abbey Smith">Abbey Smith</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Alexis_Thacker" title="Ballotpedia:Alexis Thacker">Alexis Thacker</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Janie_Valentine" title="Ballotpedia:Janie Valentine">Janie Valentine</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Joel_Williams" title="Ballotpedia:Joel Williams">Joel Williams</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Samuel_Wonacott" title="Ballotpedia:Samuel Wonacott">Samuel Wonacott</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Trenton_Woodcox" title="Ballotpedia:Trenton Woodcox">Trenton Woodcox</a> • <a href="/Ballotpedia:Mercedes_Yanora" title="Ballotpedia:Mercedes Yanora">Mercedes Yanora</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p>    </div></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Joe_Biden_presidential_administration&oldid=10220176">https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Joe_Biden_presidential_administration&oldid=10220176</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks-container" style="display:none"><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/Category:Marquee,_overview_page,_2021" title="Category:Marquee, overview page, 2021">Marquee, overview page, 2021</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Marquee,_overview_page,_2022" title="Category:Marquee, overview page, 2022">Marquee, overview page, 2022</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Marquee,_overview_page,_2023" title="Category:Marquee, overview page, 2023">Marquee, overview page, 2023</a></li><li><a href="/Category:Presidential_administrations" title="Category:Presidential administrations">Presidential administrations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/Category:Pages_with_reference_errors" title="Category:Pages with reference errors">Pages with reference errors</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div>  </div> </div> </div> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1548351407491-0'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548351407491-0'); }); </script> </div> <div id="div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3054" class="publirAds"> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event) { if (event.slot.getSlotElementId() == "div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3054") { googletag.display("div-hre-Ballotpedia---New-3054"); } }); }); </script> </div> <div class="visualClear"></div> <div class="row" id="footer-links"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size:16px; color:#666; width: 100%;"> <p>Ballotpedia features 560,796 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. Click here to <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.happyfox.com/new">contact our editorial staff or report an error</a>. For media inquiries, <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="mailto:media@ballotpedia.org">contact us here</a>. Please <a href="/Support" title="Support">donate here</a> to support our continued expansion. </p> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_about_voting">Information about voting</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Voter_Toolkit" title="Ballotpedia's Voter Toolkit">Your 2024 Election Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/Sample_Ballot_Lookup" title="Sample Ballot Lookup">What's on my ballot?</a></li> <li><a href="/Where_do_I_vote" title="Where do I vote">Where do I vote?</a></li> <li><a href="/Online_voter_registration_in_the_50_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Online voter registration in the 50 states">How do I register to vote?</a></li> <li><a href="/Absentee_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Absentee voting">How do I request a ballot?</a></li> <li><a href="/Elections_calendar" title="Elections calendar">When do I vote?</a></li> <li><a href="/State_Poll_Opening_and_Closing_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="State Poll Opening and Closing Times">When are polls open?</a></li> <li><a href="/Who_represents_me" title="Who represents me">Who Represents Me?</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2024_Elections">2024 Elections</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">2024 Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_candidates,_2024" title="Presidential candidates, 2024">2024 Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_Congress_elections,_2024" title="United States Congress elections, 2024">2024 Congressional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">2024 Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/State_executive_official_elections,_2024" title="State executive official elections, 2024">2024 State executive elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024 State legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2024" title="State judicial elections, 2024">2024 State judge elections</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2024" title="United States municipal elections, 2024">2024 Local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/School_board_elections,_2024" title="School board elections, 2024">2024 School board elections</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2024_Election_analysis">2024 Election analysis</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Election_Analysis_Hub,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024">2024 elections analysis hub</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Pivot_Counties_in_the_2024_presidential_election" title="Election results, 2024: Pivot Counties in the 2024 presidential election">Pivot Counties in the 2024 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_New_members_elected_to_Congress" title="Election results, 2024: New members elected to Congress">New members elected to Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Incumbents_defeated_in_state_legislative_elections,_2024" title="Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024">Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_seats_that_changed_party_control" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative seats that changed party control">State legislative seats that changed party control</a></li> <li><a href="/2024_ballot_measures#Trends_in_2024" title="2024 ballot measures">Ballot measure trends in 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Analysis_of_voter_turnout_in_the_2024_general_election" title="Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election">2024 general election voter turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Wave_elections" title="Election results, 2024: Wave elections">Wave elections in 2024</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="2025_Elections">2025 Elections</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Gubernatorial_elections,_2025" title="Gubernatorial elections, 2025">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/State_executive_official_elections,_2025" title="State executive official elections, 2025">State executives</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025" title="State legislative elections, 2025">State legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/2025_ballot_measures" title="2025 ballot measures">Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2025" title="State judicial elections, 2025">State judges</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2025" title="United States municipal elections, 2025">Municipal officials</a></li> <li><a href="/School_board_elections,_2025" title="School board elections, 2025">School boards</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Trending">Trending</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Election_results,_2024" title="Election results, 2024">2024 Election results</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">2024 Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_candidates,_2024" title="Presidential candidates, 2024">2024 Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Analysis_of_voter_turnout_in_the_2024_general_election" title="Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election">2024 general election voter turnout</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Top_15_Ballot_Measures_and_Trends_to_Watch,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Top 15 Ballot Measures and Trends to Watch, 2024">Ballotpedia's top 15 ballot measures and trends to watch in 2024</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://news.ballotpedia.org/">Ballotpedia News</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Public_Policy">Public Policy</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Administrative_State_Index" title="Administrative State Index">Administrative state</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_criminal_justice_policy" title="Index of articles about criminal justice policy">Criminal justice policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_education_policy" title="Index of articles about education policy">Education policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_environmental,_social,_and_corporate_governance_(ESG)" title="Index of articles about environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)">Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_federalism" title="Index of articles about federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_unemployment_insurance" title="Index of articles about unemployment insurance">Unemployment insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_work_requirements" title="Index of articles about work requirements">Work requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/Public_Policy" title="Public Policy">Policy in the states</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Information_for_candidates">Information for candidates</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Survey" title="Survey">Ballotpedia's Candidate Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_access_for_major_and_minor_party_candidates" title="Ballot access for major and minor party candidates">How do I run for office?</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Candidate_Connection" title="Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection">How do I update a page?</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results" class="mw-redirect" title="Election results">Election results</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSddoUjxvy5yEyoKoltTe6-B_j668rbBsbcf7UDJI8cOgG2FBA/viewform">Send us candidate contact info</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Get_Engaged">Get Engaged</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/Support" title="Support">Donate to Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/Contact_us" title="Contact us">Contact us</a></li> <li><a href="/Report_an_error" title="Report an error">Report an error</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Events" title="Ballotpedia:Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia_Email_Updates" title="Ballotpedia Email Updates">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="/On_the_Ballot" title="On the Ballot">Ballotpedia Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/Support:Volunteer" title="Support:Volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Ad_policy" title="Ballotpedia:Ad policy">Ad Policy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.bonfire.com/store/ballotpedia/">Ballotpedia Boutique</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Services">Services</span></h3> <ul><li><a href="/News_and_events" title="News and events">Media inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Buy_Political_Data" title="Ballotpedia:Buy Political Data">Data sales</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Buy_Political_Data" title="Ballotpedia:Buy Political Data">API</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Premium_Research_Services" title="Ballotpedia:Premium Research Services">Premium Research Services</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Additional_analysis">Additional analysis</span></h3> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/elections/home">Election legislation tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">State Trifectas</a></li> <li><a href="/State_government_triplexes" title="State government triplexes">State Triplexes</a></li> <li><a href="/Status_of_redistricting_after_the_2020_census" title="Status of redistricting after the 2020 census">Redistricting</a></li> <li><a href="/Pivot_Counties:_The_counties_that_voted_Obama-Obama-Trump_from_2008-2016" title="Pivot Counties: The counties that voted Obama-Obama-Trump from 2008-2016">Pivot Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia_Courts:_State_Partisanship" title="Ballotpedia Courts: State Partisanship">State Supreme Court Partisanship</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Polling_Indexes" title="Ballotpedia's Polling Indexes">Polling indexes</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="footer-links-block"> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="sidebar-wrapper sidebar-left-wrapper" id="sidebar-left"> <div id="navtitle" class="navtitle"> <h2><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger"></span> SITE NAVIGATION</h2> </div> <ul><li><a href="/Election_results,_2024" title="Election results, 2024">2024 Election results hub</a></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Election_Analysis_Hub,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2024">Ballotpedia's 2024 elections analysis</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Pivot_Counties_in_the_2024_presidential_election" title="Election results, 2024: Pivot Counties in the 2024 presidential election">Pivot Counties in the 2024 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_New_members_elected_to_Congress" title="Election results, 2024: New members elected to Congress">New members elected to Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Comparison_of_state_delegations_to_the_118th_and_119th_Congresses" title="Election results, 2024: Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses">Comparison of state delegations to the 118th and 119th Congresses</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Congressional_margin_of_victory_analysis" title="Election results, 2024: Congressional margin of victory analysis">Congressional margin of victory analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Congressional_elections_decided_by_10_percentage_points_or_fewer" title="Election results, 2024: Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer">Congressional elections decided by 10 percentage points or fewer</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_veto-proof_majorities" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative veto-proof majorities">State legislative veto-proof majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/Incumbents_defeated_in_state_legislative_elections,_2024" title="Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections, 2024">Incumbents defeated in state legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/Margin_of_victory_analysis_for_the_2024_state_legislative_elections" title="Margin of victory analysis for the 2024 state legislative elections">State legislative margin of victory analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_seats_that_changed_party_control" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative seats that changed party control">State legislative seats that changed party control</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_State_legislative_races_decided_by_fewer_than_100_votes" title="Election results, 2024: State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes">State legislative races decided by fewer than 100 votes</a></li> <li><a href="/2024_ballot_measures#Trends_in_2024" title="2024 ballot measures">Ballot measure trends in 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Analysis_of_voter_turnout_in_the_2024_general_election" title="Election results, 2024: Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election">Analysis of voter turnout in the 2024 general election</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_results,_2024:_Wave_elections" title="Election results, 2024: Wave elections">Wave elections in 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Elections" title="Elections">2024 Elections</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Presidential_election,_2024" title="Presidential election, 2024">2024 Presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/Presidential_candidates,_2024" title="Presidential candidates, 2024">2024 Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_Congress_elections,_2024" title="United States Congress elections, 2024">2024 Congressional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/Special_elections_to_the_118th_United_States_Congress_(2023-2024)" title="Special elections to the 118th United States Congress (2023-2024)">Special Congressional elections (2023-2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/State_executive_official_elections,_2024" title="State executive official elections, 2024">2024 State executive elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2024" title="State legislative elections, 2024">2024 State legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_judicial_elections,_2024" title="State judicial elections, 2024">2024 State judge elections</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2024" title="United States municipal elections, 2024">2024 Local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/2024_ballot_measures" title="2024 ballot measures">2024 Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Top_15_Elections_to_Watch,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Top 15 Elections to Watch, 2024">Ballotpedia's top 15 elections to watch in 2024</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_Top_15_Ballot_Measures_and_Trends_to_Watch,_2024" title="Ballotpedia's Top 15 Ballot Measures and Trends to Watch, 2024">Ballotpedia's top 15 ballot measures to watch in 2024</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Main_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Main page">2025 Elections</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Elections_calendar" title="Elections calendar">Upcoming elections</a></li> <li><a href="/Statewide_primary_elections_calendar" title="Statewide primary elections calendar">2025 Statewide primary dates</a></li> <li><a href="/State_executive_official_elections,_2025" title="State executive official elections, 2025">2025 State executive elections</a></li> <li><a href="/State_legislative_elections,_2025" title="State legislative elections, 2025">2025 State legislative elections</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_municipal_elections,_2025" title="United States municipal elections, 2025">2025 Local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/School_board_elections,_2025" title="School board elections, 2025">2025 School board elections</a></li> <li><a href="/2025_ballot_measures" title="2025 ballot measures">2025 Ballot measures</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Donald_Trump_presidential_transition,_2024-2025" title="Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025">Donald Trump presidential transition, 2024-2025</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet,_2025" title="Donald Trump's Cabinet, 2025">Donald Trump's cabinet nominees</a></li> <li><a href="/Confirmation_process_for_Donald_Trump%27s_Cabinet_nominees,_2025" title="Confirmation process for Donald Trump's Cabinet nominees, 2025">How cabinet nominees are confirmed</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Biden administration</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_Cabinet" title="Joe Biden's Cabinet">Cabinet officials</a></li> <li><a href="/Joe_Biden%27s_executive_orders_and_actions" title="Joe Biden's executive orders and actions">Executive orders and actions</a></li> <li><a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_administration#Key_legislation" title="Joe Biden presidential administration">Key legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/Federal_judges_nominated_by_Joe_Biden" title="Federal judges nominated by Joe Biden">Judicial nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/Joe_Biden_presidential_transition#White_House_senior_staff" title="Joe Biden presidential transition">White House senior staff</a></li> <li><a href="/Joe_Biden:_Vetoed_legislation" title="Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation">Vetoes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Federal_Politics" title="Federal Politics">Government</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Executive_Branch" title="Executive Branch">U.S. President</a></li> <li><a href="/Legislative_Branch" title="Legislative Branch">U.S. Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_Measures_overview" title="Ballot Measures overview">Ballot measures</a></li> <li><a href="/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">U.S. Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/United_States_federal_courts" title="United States federal courts">Federal courts</a></li> <li><a href="/States#State_governments" title="States">State government</a></li> <li><a href="/Municipal_Government" title="Municipal Government">Municipal government</a></li> <li><a href="/School_Boards_and_School_Board_Elections" title="School Boards and School Board Elections">School boards</a></li> <li><a href="/Recall_overview" title="Recall overview">Recalls</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/Public_Policy" title="Public Policy">Public Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/Administrative_State_Index" title="Administrative State Index">Administrative state</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_criminal_justice_policy" title="Index of articles about criminal justice policy">Criminal justice policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_education_policy" title="Index of articles about education policy">Education policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_environmental,_social,_and_corporate_governance_(ESG)" title="Index of articles about environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)">Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG)</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_federalism" title="Index of articles about federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_unemployment_insurance" title="Index of articles about unemployment insurance">Unemployment insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/Index_of_articles_about_work_requirements" title="Index of articles about work requirements">Work requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/Public_Policy" title="Public Policy">Policy in the states</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">More...</a></span> <ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Sample_ballot&Source=sidebar">Ballotpedia's Sample Ballot</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%E2%80%99s_Voter_Toolkit" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballotpedia’s Voter Toolkit">Ballotpedia's 2024 Voter Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/Survey" title="Survey">Ballotpedia's Candidate Survey</a></li> <li><a href="/Status_of_redistricting_after_the_2020_census" title="Status of redistricting after the 2020 census">Redistricting</a></li> <li><a href="/State_government_trifectas" title="State government trifectas">Trifectas</a></li> <li><a href="/Election_Policy" title="Election Policy">Election policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballot_Access" title="Ballot Access">Running for office</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://legislation.ballotpedia.org/elections/home">Election legislation tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/On_the_Ballot" title="On the Ballot">Ballotpedia's weekly podcast</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="self"><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About us</a></span> <ul><li><a href="/Ballotpedia:About" title="Ballotpedia:About">About Ballotpedia</a></li> <li><a href="/Support" title="Support">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia%27s_editorial_independence_policy" title="Ballotpedia's editorial independence policy">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Index_of_Contents" title="Ballotpedia:Index of Contents">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Job_opportunities" title="Ballotpedia:Job opportunities">Job opportunities</a></li> <li><a href="/News_and_events" title="News and events">News and events</a></li> <li><a href="/Ballotpedia:Staff" title="Ballotpedia:Staff">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/Support:Volunteer" title="Support:Volunteer">Volunteer</a></li></ul></li</ul> </div>   <div class="sidebar-wrapper sidebar-right-wrapper" id="sidebar-right"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1548352229745-0' style='height:600px; width:160px;position: -webkit-sticky; /* Safari */ position: sticky; top: 0;'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1548352229745-0'); }); </script> </div> </div>   <div id="footer" role="contentinfo" class="footer container footer-sticky" > <ul id="footer-places"><li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="/Ballotpedia:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li><li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/Ballotpedia:About">About Ballotpedia</a></li><li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/Ballotpedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li></ul><ul id="footer-custom"><li class="dropup"><a href="/wiki/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Joe+Biden+presidential+administration" title="You are encouraged to log in; however, it is not mandatory [o]" accesskey="o">Login</a></li></ul><div style="clear:both"></div> </div>   <script>!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod ? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments) : n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version="2.0"; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,"script","https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js" ); fbq("init", "360312574466105"); fbq("track", "PageView"); </script> <noscript><img height="1" width="1" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=360312574466105&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/></noscript>   <script> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2jx2'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.524","walltime":"0.682","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5519,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":236061,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":24639,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":100},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":60655,"limit":5000000},"timingprofile":["100.00% 374.530 1 -total"," 11.89% 44.532 1 Template:Reflist"," 9.47% 35.462 1 Template:BidenAdministrationHNT"," 6.64% 24.886 2 Template:Navbox"," 2.70% 10.110 1 Template:Ballotpedia"," 2.68% 10.041 2 Template:Tnavbar"," 1.54% 5.782 4 Template:Greener"," 1.39% 5.202 2 Template:TLDRbox"," 1.18% 4.415 1 Template:BidenAdministrationVNT"," 0.91% 3.391 2 Template:MetadescriptionBP"]},"cachereport":{"timestamp":"20250217225710","ttl":900,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script>     <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-7416006-3', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script src="https://ssl.google-analytics.com/ga.js"></script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-GC6ZZT3P70"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-GC6ZZT3P70'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _qevents = _qevents || []; (function() { var elem = document.createElement('script'); elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js"; elem.async = true; elem.type = "text/javascript"; var scpt = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; scpt.parentNode.insertBefore(elem, scpt); })(); _qevents.push({ qacct:"p-Lx8vcgWv5twR2" }); </script> <noscript> <div style="display:none;"> <img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-Lx8vcgWv5twR2.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div> </noscript>   <script type="text/javascript"> _atrk_opts = { atrk_acct:"3N+Vi1a4ZP00iC", domain:"ballotpedia.org",dynamic: true}; (function() { var as = document.createElement('script'); as.type = 'text/javascript'; as.async = true; as.src = "https://d31qbv1cthcecs.cloudfront.net/atrk.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(as, s); })(); </script> <noscript><img src="https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=3N+Vi1a4ZP00iC" style="display:none" height="1" width="1" alt="" /></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript"> piAId = '482201'; piCId = '4426'; piHostname = 'pi.pardot.com'; (function() { function async_load(){ if ( window.location.href != "https://ballotpedia.org/Main_Page" && window.location.href != "https://ballotpedia.org/Election_results,_2018" ) { var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://pi' : 'http://cdn') + '.pardot.com/pd.js'; var c = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; c.parentNode.insertBefore(s, c); } } if(window.attachEvent) { window.attachEvent('onload', async_load); } else { window.addEventListener('load', async_load, false); } })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://fkrkkmxsqeb5bj9r.s3.amazonaws.com/1375.js"></script> <script src="https://rum-static.pingdom.net/pa-57dfe2c49910818ef3c5cfb7.js" async></script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":1148});});</script> </body> </html>