CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>遥感 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"91f5edfe-793c-4613-a00b-be28cddd333f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"遥感","wgTitle":"遥感","wgCurRevisionId":73809767,"wgRevisionId":73809767,"wgArticleId":154834,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","含有英語的條目","包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目","包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目","包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目","包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目","包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目","包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目","包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目","包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目","包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目","地球科学","遥感","地球觀測衛星"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"遥感","wgRelevantArticleId":154834,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":7000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q199687","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":[ "brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.ilhpp","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="957"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg/800px-DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="638"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg/640px-DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="510"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="遥感 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-遥感 rootpage-遥感 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="主菜单" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-遥感的类别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遥感的类别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>遥感的类别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-遥感的类别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-发展历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#发展历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>发展历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-发展历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-遥感数据预处理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#遥感数据预处理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>遥感数据预处理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-遥感数据预处理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关遥感数据预处理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-遥感数据预处理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-几何校正" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#几何校正"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>几何校正</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-几何校正-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-辐射定标" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#辐射定标"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>辐射定标</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-辐射定标-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大气校正" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大气校正"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>大气校正</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大气校正-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用遙感的例子" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用遙感的例子"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>應用遙感的例子</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-應用遙感的例子-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關項目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關項目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>相關項目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關項目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">遥感</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。61种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-61" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">61种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetecci%C3%B3n" title="Teledetección – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Teledetección" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF" title="استشعار عن بعد – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="استشعار عن بعد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%B1%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8" title="দূৰৱৰ্তী সংবেদন – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দূৰৱৰ্তী সংবেদন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledeteici%C3%B3n" title="Teledeteición – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Teledeteición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="रिमोट सेंसिंग" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzaqdan_zondlama" title="Uzaqdan zondlama – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uzaqdan zondlama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Дыстанцыйныя метады даследавання – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дыстанцыйныя метады даследавання" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дистанционни изследвания – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дистанционни изследвания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="रिमोट सेंसिंग – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रिमोट सेंसिंग" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8" title="দূর অনুধাবন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দূর অনুধাবন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daljinska_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Daljinska istraživanja – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Daljinska istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetecci%C3%B3" title="Teledetecció – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teledetecció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1lkov%C3%BD_pr%C5%AFzkum_Zem%C4%9B" title="Dálkový průzkum Země – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dálkový průzkum Země" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telem%C3%A5ling" title="Telemåling – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Telemåling" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernerkundung" title="Fernerkundung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fernerkundung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Τηλεπισκόπηση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τηλεπισκόπηση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Remote sensing" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distanca_sondado" title="Distanca sondado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Distanca sondado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetecci%C3%B3n" title="Teledetección – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teledetección" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaugseire" title="Kaugseire – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kaugseire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetekzio" title="Teledetekzio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Teledetekzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="سنجش از دور – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سنجش از دور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaukokartoitus" title="Kaukokartoitus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaukokartoitus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9d%C3%A9tection" title="Télédétection – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Télédétection" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cianbhraiteacht" title="Cianbhraiteacht – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cianbhraiteacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetecci%C3%B3n" title="Teledetección – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Teledetección" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7" title="חישה מרחוק – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חישה מרחוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="सुदूर संवेदन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सुदूर संवेदन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daljinska_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Daljinska istraživanja – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Daljinska istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1v%C3%A9rz%C3%A9kel%C3%A9s" title="Távérzékelés – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Távérzékelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Հեռազննում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեռազննում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengindraan_jauh" title="Pengindraan jauh – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pengindraan jauh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjark%C3%B6nnun" title="Fjarkönnun – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjarkönnun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telerilevamento" title="Telerilevamento – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Telerilevamento" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0" title="リモートセンシング – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リモートセンシング" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жерді қашықтықтан зондтау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%A9%ED%83%90%EC%82%AC" title="원격탐사 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원격탐사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetektioun" title="Teledetektioun – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Teledetektioun" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuotolinis_aptikimas" title="Nuotolinis aptikimas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nuotolinis aptikimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="വിദൂരസംവേദനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിദൂരസംവേദനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penderiaan_jarak_jauh" title="Penderiaan jarak jauh – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penderiaan jarak jauh" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8" title="दूर संवेदन – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दूर संवेदन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Remote sensing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjernanalyse" title="Fjernanalyse – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fjernanalyse" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledeteccion" title="Teledeteccion – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Teledeteccion" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetekcja" title="Teledetekcja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Teledetekcja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensoriamento_remoto" title="Sensoriamento remoto – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sensoriamento remoto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teledetec%C8%9Bie" title="Teledetecție – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Teledetecție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Дистанционное зондирование Земли – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дистанционное зондирование Земли" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daljinska_istra%C5%BEivanja" title="Daljinska istraživanja – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Daljinska istraživanja" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="දුරස්ථ ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දුරස්ථ ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dia%C4%BEkov%C3%BD_prieskum_Zeme" title="Diaľkový prieskum Zeme – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Diaľkový prieskum Zeme" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Даљинска детекција – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Даљинска детекција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fj%C3%A4rranalys" title="Fjärranalys – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fjärranalys" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தொலையுணர்தல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொலையுணர்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D" title="రిమోట్ సెన్సింగ్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రిమోట్ సెన్సింగ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5" title="การรับรู้จากระยะไกล – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรับรู้จากระยะไกล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzaktan_alg%C4%B1lama" title="Uzaktan algılama – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Uzaktan algılama" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Дистанційне зондування Землі – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дистанційне зондування Землі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%85n_th%C3%A1m" title="Viễn thám – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Viễn thám" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="遥感 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="遥感" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199687#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&oldid=73809767" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&id=73809767&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2581%25A5%25E6%2584%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2581%25A5%25E6%2584%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Remote_sensing" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q199687" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-6721f79b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-6721f79b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:遥感; zh-hk:遙感; zh-tw:遙測;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:信息; zh-tw:資訊; 訊息=>zh-cn:信息;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>遙測</b>」重定向至此。关于對應Telemetry的名詞，请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A0%E6%B8%AC" title="遠測">遠測</a></b>」。</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg/260px-DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg/390px-DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg/520px-DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="957" /></a><figcaption>DMSP衛星，其搭载的OLS传感器可以探测夜间灯光分布</figcaption></figure> <p><b>遥感</b>（台湾作<b>遙測</b>，英語：<span lang="en">remote sensing</span>）<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B9%89%E5%8C%96" title="广义化">廣義</a>是指用间接的手段来获取目标状态訊息的方法。一般多指從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="人造衛星">人造衛星</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F" title="飛機">飛機</a>對地面觀測，通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89" title="光">光波</a>）的传播与接收，感知目标的某些特性并加以进行分析的技術。实际应用中，遥感技术被广泛应用于资源调查、地表环境监测、人类活动监测等多个方面。 </p><p>遙感的最大优点是能於短時間內取得大范围的數據，讯息可以图像与非图像方式表现出来，以及代替人類前往難以抵達或危險的地方觀測。遥感技术主要用于航海、农业、气象、资源、环境、行星科學等等各领域。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="地理資訊系統">地理資訊系统</a>（GIS）与<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="全球定位系统">全球定位系统</a>（GPS）、<a class="mw-selflink selflink">遥感</a>（RS）合称3S。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="遥感的类别"><span id=".E9.81.A5.E6.84.9F.E7.9A.84.E7.B1.BB.E5.88.AB"></span>遥感的类别</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：遥感的类别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据成像方式的不同，可以分成主动式遥感和被动式遥感。其中，主动式遥感，主动发射电磁波并接受反射的信号，进行成像，以微波遥感为代表。而被动式遥感以可见光遥感为代表，被动接受地物发射或反射的电磁波。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg/260px-Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg/390px-Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg/520px-Remote_Sensing_Illustration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1302" data-file-height="1217" /></a><figcaption>上圖：被動式遥感，以可见光遥感为代表，被动接受地物发射或反射的电磁波；下圖：主動式遥感，以微波遥感为代表，主动发射电磁波并接受反射的信号</figcaption></figure> <p>根据传感器感知電磁波波长的不同，遥感又可分为可见光—近红外（<span lang="en">visible–near infrared</span>）遥感、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="红外线">红外</a>遥感及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%B3%A2" title="微波">微波</a>遥感等。 </p><p>根据遥感平台进行分类，遥感可分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E8%BC%89%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%84%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="機載雷射系統">机载</a>（<span lang="en">airborne</span>）遥感和星载（<span lang="en">satellite-borne</span>）遥感，其中机载遥感是飞机携带传感器（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="感光耦合元件">CCD</a>相机或非數碼相機等）对地面的观测，星载遥感是指传感器被放置在大气层外的卫星上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="发展历史"><span id=".E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95.E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>发展历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：发展历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>遥感的产生最早可以追溯到19世纪，伴随照相技术的产生而出现。19世纪法国巴黎从热气球向地面拍摄照片，可以看做现代遥感技术的雏形。1956年，世界上第一个人造卫星升空，为遥感技术提供了新的平台，使得遥感技术可以周期性、大范围监测地表动态变化过程。同时，多光谱扫描仪、热红外传感器、雷达成像仪等传感器出现也使得遥感技术可以从多角度探测地物。另外，计算机技术的发展使得海量图像的存储、处理、分析成为可能。“遥感”（Remote Sensing）作为更加广义和恰当的名词，很自然地于20世纪60年代出现。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1972年7月23日，美国发射第一颗地球资源卫星，后改成陆地卫星（Landsat）。1982年，装载TM专题制图仪的Landsat-4升空，将光谱波段提升到7个波段，空间分辨率提升到30m。1986年，法国SPOT卫星升空，其搭载的成像仪空间分辨率提升为10m。现今，卫星传感器探测能力达到米级以致亚米级，例如快鸟（Quick Bird）卫星的空间探测能力达到0.61m。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="遥感数据预处理"><span id=".E9.81.A5.E6.84.9F.E6.95.B0.E6.8D.AE.E9.A2.84.E5.A4.84.E7.90.86"></span>遥感数据预处理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：遥感数据预处理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>由于电磁波传播过程中，受到大气折射、地形起伏等影响，传感器所接受的信号同地表实际发射或反射的信号存在一定偏差。因而，传感器获取的遥感影像后，需要进行一系列预处理过程，以解决其中存在的几何偏差，亮度不同等问题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="几何校正"><span id=".E5.87.A0.E4.BD.95.E6.A0.A1.E6.AD.A3"></span>几何校正</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：几何校正"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>遥感传感器在成像过程中，由于传感器成像方式、传感器形态、地形起伏、地球曲率、地球自转等原因影响，图像本身的几何形状，同实际地物分布存在差异<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因而，需要对遥感影像进行几何校正，消除或减少形变误差。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="辐射定标"><span id=".E8.BE.90.E5.B0.84.E5.AE.9A.E6.A0.87"></span>辐射定标</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：辐射定标"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>辐射定标指建立探测器接受的数字信号同地表辐射亮度值的定量关系，进而将传感器以数字信号的方式存储的遥感信号，转为地表真实的辐射亮度值。辐射定标可分为绝对定标和相对定标。其中，绝对定标可以分为实验室定标、星上内定标、场地外定标<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="大气校正"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E6.B0.94.E6.A0.A1.E6.AD.A3"></span>大气校正</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：大气校正"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>大气校正指消除大气的辐射影响的校正过程。电磁波透过大气层时，大气对阳光和地物辐射有吸收和散射作用<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。大气校正消除这一过程对传感器接受到的地物波谱特性的影响。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用遙感的例子"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8.E9.81.99.E6.84.9F.E7.9A.84.E4.BE.8B.E5.AD.90"></span>應用遙感的例子</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：應用遙感的例子"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>資源普查</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E8%A2%AB" title="植被">植被</a>分布<sup id="cite_ref-Ran_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ran-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>土地利用調查</li> <li>掌握<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a>活動、土砂災害</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="天氣">天氣</a>預測</li> <li>掌握海面温度、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%BD%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="紅潮">紅潮</a>等海洋資訊</li> <li>農作物生產預測</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="鐵路">鐵路</a>選線</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="考古">考古</a>研究</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大气">大气</a>成分</li> <li>行星探測</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關項目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關項目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：相關項目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%AD%94%E5%BE%84%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" title="合成孔径雷达">合成孔徑雷達</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%9B%B7%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="光學雷達">光學雷達</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>参考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：参考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><b>1.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">孙家抦等. 《遥感原理与应用（第三版）》. 武汉大学出版社. 2013. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787307107618" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-307-10761-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ran-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ran_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ran, Lingyan; Zhang, Yanning; Wei, Wei; Zhang, Qilin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065859/https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2421">A Hyperspectral Image Classification Framework with Spatial Pixel Pair Features</a>. Sensors. 2017-10-23, <b>17</b> (10) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-12</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fs17102421"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.3390/s17102421</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/10/2421">原始内容</a>存档于2019-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&rft.atitle=A+Hyperspectral+Image+Classification+Framework+with+Spatial+Pixel+Pair+Features&rft.au=Wei%2C+Wei&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Qilin&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yanning&rft.aufirst=Lingyan&rft.aulast=Ran&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=10&rft.jtitle=Sensors&rft.volume=17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2F1424-8220%2F17%2F10%2F2421&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fs17102421&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?puNumber=36">IEEE Transactions of Geosciences and Remote Sensing</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210507041148/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?puNumber=36">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp">International Journal of Remote Sensing</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180310070841/http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/titles/01431161.asp">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257">Remote Sensing of Environment</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180112150620/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00344257">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091027181013/http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/">The Remote Sensing Tutorial</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地理学" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_topics" title="Template:Geography topics"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_topics" title="Template talk:Geography topics"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Geography_topics" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Geography topics"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地理学" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學術語表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of geography terms"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%AA%9E%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學術語表（页面不存在）">術語表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of geography terms"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of geography terms</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="地理學史">歷史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學條目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of geography articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學條目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_geography_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of geography articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of geography articles</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學大綱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">大綱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of geography</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">學科分支</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人文地理学">人文地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E7%82%BA%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="行為地理學">行為地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="批判地理學">批判地理學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性主義地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Feminist geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性主義地理學（页面不存在）">女性主義地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist geography</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="马克思主义地理学">馬克思主義地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="文化地理学">文化地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教地理学">宗教地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="音樂地理學">音樂地理學</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="人口地理学">人口地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="發展地理學">發展地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="经济地理学">经济地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="农业地理学">农业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="工业地理学">工业地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%B8%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="商业地理学">商业地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="醫學地理學">医学地理学（健康地理學）</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="历史地理学">历史地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="語言地理學">語言地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="军事地理学">军事地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="政治地理学">政治地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社会地理学">社会地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E7%95%A5%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="战略地理">戰略地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="旅游地理学">旅游地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9A%E8%90%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="聚落地理学">聚落地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="城市地理学">城市地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BA%E5%9F%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="区域地理学">区域地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="交通运输地理学">交通运输地理学</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="自然地理學">自然地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学">生物地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="植物地理学">植物地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="动物地理学">动物地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海岸地理學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Coastal geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海岸地理學（页面不存在）">海岸地理學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Coastal geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Coastal geography</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="海洋学">海洋学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球科学">地球科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="大气科学">大气科学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="气象学">气象学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="环境科学">环境科学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E5%AD%A6" title="气候学">气候学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E5%AD%B8" title="古氣候學">古氣候學</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="古地理学">古地理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="地球生物学">地球生物学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="大地测量学">大地测量学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球系統科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth system science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球系統科學（页面不存在）">地球系統科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_system_science" class="extiw" title="en:Earth system science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth system science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B2%8C%E5%AD%A6" title="地貌学">地貌学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E5%AD%A6" title="冰川学">冰川学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="水文学">水文学</a>／<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E6%B2%BC%E5%AD%B8" title="湖沼學">湖沼學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤学">土壤学</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耕作土壤學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edaphology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%95%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耕作土壤學（页面不存在）">耕作土壤學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edaphology" class="extiw" title="en:Edaphology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edaphology</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>／<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="土壤科學">土壤科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="土壤地理学">土壤地理学</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第四紀科學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quaternary science"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B%E7%B4%80%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第四紀科學（页面不存在）">第四紀科學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_science" class="extiw" title="en:Quaternary science"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quaternary science</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">綜合學科</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="环境地理学">环境地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會科學">環境社會科學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="環境研究">环境研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%80%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88" title="景觀設計">景觀設計</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%A7%82%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="景观生态学">景观生态学</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="時間地理學">時間地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="系統地理學">系統地理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%A6" title="地名学">地名学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%AA%8C%E5%AD%B8" title="地誌學">地誌學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="區域研究">區域研究</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學大綱#地理學的任務和工具" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of geography#Tasks and tools of geography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學大綱（页面不存在）">技術和工具</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_geography#Tasks_and_tools_of_geography" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of geography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of geography#Tasks and tools of geography</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地理信息科学">地理信息科學</a>／<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地数学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geomathematics"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地数学（页面不存在）">地数学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomathematics" class="extiw" title="en:Geomathematics"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geomathematics</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE%E5%AD%A6" title="地图学">地图学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地质建模" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geologic modelling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地质建模（页面不存在）">地质建模</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_modelling" class="extiw" title="en:Geologic modelling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geologic modelling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1" title="地理统计">地理统计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="地理信息系统">地理信息系统</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="地质年代学">地质年代学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="地球空间信息科学">地球空间信息科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="水文地理学">水文地理学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%B3%95" title="摄影测量法">摄影测量法</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">遥感</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="土地变化模型" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Land change modeling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="土地变化模型（页面不存在）">土地变化模型</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_change_modeling" class="extiw" title="en:Land change modeling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Land change modeling</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">組織和機構</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E8%88%87%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="Category:地理資料與資訊組織">地理数据與資訊組織</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理學會列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of geographical societies"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理學會列表（页面不存在）">地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographical_societies" class="extiw" title="en:List of geographical societies"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of geographical societies</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球科學組織列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of geoscience organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球科學組織列表（页面不存在）">地球科學學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geoscience_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of geoscience organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of geoscience organizations</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國家測繪機構" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="National mapping agency"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%B8%AC%E7%B9%AA%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="國家測繪機構（页面不存在）">國家測繪機構</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_mapping_agency" class="extiw" title="en:National mapping agency"><span lang="en" dir="auto">National mapping agency</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83" title="美國地理學協會">美國地理學協會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="美国地理学家协会">美国地理学家协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="國家地理學會">國家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="加拿大皇家地理學會">加拿大皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲地理協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Geography Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲地理協會（页面不存在）">歐洲地理協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Geography_Association" class="extiw" title="en:European Geography Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Geography Association</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="皇家地理學會">皇家地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="皇家蘇格蘭地理學會">皇家蘇格蘭地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="巴黎地理學會">巴黎地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="里斯本地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lisbon Geographic Society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="里斯本地理學會（页面不存在）">里斯本地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisbon_Geographic_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Lisbon Geographic Society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lisbon Geographic Society</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83" title="俄羅斯地理學會">俄羅斯地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC)" title="中国地理学会 (北京)">中華人民共和國地理學會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A_(%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97)" class="mw-redirect" title="中国地理学会 (台北)">中華民國地理學會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="香港地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hong Kong Geographical Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="香港地理學會（页面不存在）">香港地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Geographical_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Hong Kong Geographical Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hong Kong Geographical Association</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沙烏地地理學會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Saudi Geographical Society"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%99%E7%83%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沙烏地地理學會（页面不存在）">沙特地理學會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Geographical_Society" class="extiw" title="en:Saudi Geographical Society"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Saudi Geographical Society</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="國際地理聯合會">國際地理聯合會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性地理學家協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Society of Woman Geographers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性地理學家協會（页面不存在）">女性地理學家協會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Woman_Geographers" class="extiw" title="en:Society of Woman Geographers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Society of Woman Geographers</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">教育</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="Category:地理教育">地理教育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地理素養" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geo-literacy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E7%B4%A0%E9%A4%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地理素養（页面不存在）">地理素養</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geo-literacy" class="extiw" title="en:Geo-literacy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geo-literacy</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%A5%A7%E6%9E%97%E5%8C%B9%E5%85%8B" title="國際地理奧林匹克">國際地理奧林匹克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="空間公民權" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spatial citizenship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A9%BA%E9%96%93%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91%E6%AC%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="空間公民權（页面不存在）">空間公民權</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_citizenship" class="extiw" title="en:Spatial citizenship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spatial citizenship</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Portal:地理学">主題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="专题"><img alt="专题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="WikiProject:地理學">專題</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:地理学">相關頁面</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="共享资源页面"><img alt="共享资源页面" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/category:Geography" class="extiw" title="commons:category:Geography">共享資源</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地球" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Template:地球"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Template talk:地球"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地球"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地球" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">歷史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%B9%B4%E9%BD%A1" title="地球的年齡">地球的年齡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8F%B2" title="生命史">生命进化史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4%E8%BC%95%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E9%BB%AF%E6%B7%A1%E4%BD%AF%E8%AC%AC" title="年輕太陽黯淡佯謬">年輕太陽黯淡佯謬</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E6%88%90%E4%B8%8E%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96" title="太阳系的形成与演化">太阳系的形成与演化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86" title="地球的未來">地球的未來</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%99%E9%81%A0%E6%9C%AA%E4%BE%86%E7%9A%84%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" title="遙遠未來的時間線">遙遠未來的時間線</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="地质年代">地质年代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="地球地质历史">地球地质历史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="地球歷史">地球歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%8E%86%E7%A8%8B" title="生命演化历程">生命演化历程</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/150px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/225px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg/300px-Earth_Eastern_Hemisphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理学</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%A6" title="地质学">地质学</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="克莱罗定理">克莱罗定理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%B2" title="洲">洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87" title="地震">地震</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93%E9%9A%86%E8%B5%B7" title="赤道隆起">赤道隆起</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球極點" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Extremes on Earth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%A5%B5%E9%BB%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球極點（页面不存在）">地球極點</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremes_on_Earth" class="extiw" title="en:Extremes on Earth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Extremes on Earth</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="太陽系類地行星地質歷史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Geology of solar terrestrial planets"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E7%B3%BB%E9%A1%9E%E5%9C%B0%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="太陽系類地行星地質歷史（页面不存在）">太陽系類地行星地質歷史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_solar_terrestrial_planets" class="extiw" title="en:Geology of solar terrestrial planets"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Geology of solar terrestrial planets</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地球物理学">地球物理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9D%97%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E8%AE%BA" title="板块构造论">板块构造论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%A7%8B%E9%80%A0" title="地球構造">地球構造</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="时区列表">時區</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%80%81%E5%AD%A6" title="生态学">生态学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%97%A5" title="世界地球日">世界地球日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%9A%96%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="全球暖化">全球暖化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E5%B0%8D%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF" title="人類對環境的影響">人类对环境的影响</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%B5%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="数字测图">数字测图</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%8B%E6%9E%9C%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="蘋果地圖">蘋果地圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E5%BA%A6%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="百度地图">百度地图</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="梵文地球" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bhuvan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="梵文地球（页面不存在）">梵文地球</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuvan" class="extiw" title="en:Bhuvan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bhuvan</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bing_Maps" title="Bing Maps">Bing Maps</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="地球地圖" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Global Map"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球地圖（页面不存在）">地球地圖</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Map" class="extiw" title="en:Global Map"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Global Map</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="Google地图">Google地图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="Google地球">Google地球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_World_Wind" title="NASA World Wind">NASA World Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Here_(%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8)" title="Here (公司)">Here地图</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%94%BE%E8%A1%97%E5%9C%96" title="開放街圖">開放街圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="維基衛星地圖">WikiMapia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">遥感</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%99%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="雅虎地圖">雅虎地圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%90%9C%E7%8B%97%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%96" title="搜狗地圖">搜狗地圖</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><span class="nowrap">藝術 ·</span> <span class="nowrap">文化 ·</span> <span class="nowrap">社会</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文化中的地球" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth in culture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文化中的地球（页面不存在）">文化中的地球</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_in_culture" class="extiw" title="en:Earth in culture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth in culture</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="科幻小说中的地球" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Earth in science fiction"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%B9%BB%E5%B0%8F%E8%AF%B4%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科幻小说中的地球（页面不存在）">科幻小说中的地球</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_in_science_fiction" class="extiw" title="en:Earth in science fiction"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Earth in science fiction</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83#命名和辭源" title="地球">“地球”的辞源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="世界歷史">世界歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95" title="国际法">国际法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E7%95%AB" title="風景畫">景觀藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">國家列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" title="世界經濟">世界經濟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="天文学">天文学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地球的運動</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E9%81%93" title="黄道">黄道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%87%AA%E8%BD%AC" title="地球自转">地球自转</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%85%AC%E8%BD%AC" title="地球公转">地球公转</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93" title="地球轨道">地球轨道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%BC%95%E5%8A%9B" title="地球引力">地球引力</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%A3%81%E5%9C%BA" title="地磁场">地磁场</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="太阳系">太阳系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E5%9C%A8%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE" title="地球在宇宙中的位置">地球在宇宙中的位置</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%8C_(%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94)" title="凌 (天體)">凌日</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="日食">日食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E9%A3%9F" title="月食">月食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%9F" title="月球上的日食">月球上的日食</a></li> <li>行星凌日 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%98%9F%E5%87%8C%E6%97%A5_(%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="金星凌日 (地球)">金星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%98%9F%E5%87%8C%E6%97%A5_(%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83)" class="mw-redirect" title="水星凌日 (地球)">水星</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83#衛星" title="地球">卫星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="地球的其他衛星">地球的其他衛星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A" title="地球特洛伊">地球特洛伊</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_TK7" title="2010 TK7">2010 TK<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="2020 XL5" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="(614689)_2020_XL5"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=2020_XL5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2020 XL5（页面不存在）">2020 XL5</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/(614689)_2020_XL5" class="extiw" title="en:(614689) 2020 XL5"><span lang="en" dir="auto">(614689)_2020_XL5</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%92%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%9A_(%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F)" title="忒伊亚 (行星)">特亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="近地天体">近地天体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="阿波羅型小行星">阿波羅型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%8E%AB%E7%88%BE%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="阿莫爾型小行星">阿莫爾型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="阿登型小行星">阿登型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%B3%A2%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9%E5%9E%8B%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="阿波希利型小行星">阿波希利型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%BB%8C%E9%81%93%E7%A9%BF%E8%B6%8A%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="地球軌道穿越小行星">地球軌道穿越型</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E5%9C%B0%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="近地小行星">近地小行星</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="準衛星">準衛星</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F3753" title="小行星3753">小行星3753</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F85770" title="小行星85770">小行星85770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_AA29" title="2002 AA29">2002_AA29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_YN107" title="2003 YN107">2003_YN107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F164207" title="小行星164207">小行星164207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_RH120" title="2006 RH120">2006 RH120</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_SO16" title="2010 SO16">2010_SO16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_HO3" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 HO3">2016_HO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_CD3" title="2020 CD3">2020_CD3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">其他议题</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%97" title="地球之旗">地球之旗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E8%BF%AA%E8%90%8A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E9%9B%B2" title="柯迪萊夫斯基雲">柯迪萊夫斯基雲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F%E5%99%A8" title="活地球模拟器">活地球模拟器</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:地球科学">地球科學分类</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8" title="Portal:地球科學">地球科學主題頁</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="主题"><img alt="主题" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E7%B3%BB" title="Portal:太阳系">太陽系主題頁</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Télédétection"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119336434">法国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Télédétection"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119336434">BnF data</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4016796-3">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007291982005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00007607">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561989">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="dálkový průzkum Země"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119671&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300137339">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=24378">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10643045">NARA</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=遥感&oldid=73809767">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=遥感&oldid=73809767</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:地球科学">地球科学</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F" title="Category:遥感">遥感</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E8%A7%80%E6%B8%AC%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F" title="Category:地球觀測衛星">地球觀測衛星</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNF%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNF标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABBNFdata%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目">包含BNFdata标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABJ9U%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目">包含J9U标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABLCCN%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目">包含LCCN标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNDL%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目">包含NDL标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNKC%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目">包含NKC标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABAAT%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目">包含AAT标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABEMU%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目">包含EMU标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABNARA%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目">包含NARA标识符的维基百科条目</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2022年9月25日 (星期日) 03:21。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CC_BY-SA_4.0%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Wikipedia:CC BY-SA 4.0协议文本">知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供，附加条款亦可能应用。（请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>）<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标；维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">遥感</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>61种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f46f78fdb-bltwn","wgBackendResponseTime":223,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.664","walltime":"0.833","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2863,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":138961,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2911,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":12,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24556,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 697.420 1 -total"," 29.63% 206.660 1 Template:Geography_topics"," 29.29% 204.250 1 Template:NavboxV2"," 26.19% 182.646 1 Template:地区用词"," 25.80% 179.967 1 Template:地区用词2"," 16.39% 114.306 1 Template:Lang-en"," 16.05% 111.960 27 Template:Le"," 13.59% 94.800 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.93% 55.334 2 Template:Tooltip"," 7.27% 50.710 1 Template:Reflist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.437","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15712307,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-d26fs","timestamp":"20250217095944","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u9065\u611f","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E9%81%A5%E6%84%9F","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q199687","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q199687","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-09-06T16:57:01Z","dateModified":"2022-09-25T03:21:31Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d7\/DMSP_Block-5D2.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>