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mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ديسيديريوس ملك اللومبارد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديسيديريوس ملك اللومبارد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Дезидерий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дезидерий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dider_Lombardia" title="Dider Lombardia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dider Lombardia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desideri_d%27%C3%8Dstria" title="Desideri d'Ístria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Desideri d'Ístria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_(K%C3%B6nig)" title="Desiderius (König) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Desiderius (König)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Δεζιδέριος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεζιδέριος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderio" title="Desiderio – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Desiderio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderio" title="Desiderio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Desiderio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_de_Lombardie" title="Didier de Lombardie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Didier de Lombardie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderio" title="Desiderio – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Desiderio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%8B%9C%EB%8D%B0%EB%A6%AC%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4" title="데시데리우스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="데시데리우스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deziderije" title="Deziderije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deziderije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderio_(re)" title="Desiderio (re) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Desiderio (re)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_(rex_Langobardorum)" title="Desiderius (rex Langobardorum) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Desiderius (rex Langobardorum)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desideri" title="Desideri – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Desideri" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_longob%C3%A1rd_kir%C3%A1ly" title="Desiderius longobárd király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Desiderius longobárd király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡെസിഡീറിയസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെസിഡീറിയസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="ديسيديريوس ملك اللومبارد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديسيديريوس ملك اللومبارد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_van_de_Longobarden" title="Desiderius van de Longobarden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Desiderius van de Longobarden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9_(%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%90%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E7%8E%8B)" title="デシデリウス (ランゴバルド王) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デシデリウス (ランゴバルド王)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dezyderiusz_(kr%C3%B3l_Longobard%C3%B3w)" title="Dezyderiusz (król Longobardów) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dezyderiusz (król Longobardów)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desid%C3%A9rio" title="Desidério – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Desidério" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_al_longobarzilor" title="Desiderius al longobarzilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Desiderius al longobarzilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9_(%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Дезидерий (король лангобардов) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дезидерий (король лангобардов)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deziderij_Langobardski" title="Deziderij Langobardski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Deziderij Langobardski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Дезидерије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дезидерије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deziderije" title="Deziderije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deziderije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius" title="Desiderius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Desiderius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Дезидерій – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дезидерій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="狄西德里乌斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="狄西德里乌斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q297520#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Desiderius" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">King of the Lombards from 756 to 774</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Desiderius, see <a href="/wiki/Desiderius_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderius (disambiguation)">Desiderius (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Desiderius</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio,_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg/220px-Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg/330px-Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg/440px-Tremisse_di_Re_Desiderio%2C_Dominio_Longobardo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="241" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">A gold <i><a href="/wiki/Tremissis" title="Tremissis">tremissis</a></i> of Desiderius minted at Lucca</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Lombards" class="mw-redirect" title="King of the Lombards">King of the Lombards</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">756–774</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">720 AD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">786 AD (aged 65–66)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ansa,_wife_of_Desiderius" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansa, wife of Desiderius">Ansa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desiderata,_wife_of_Charlemagne" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiderata, wife of Charlemagne">Desiderata</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anselperga" title="Anselperga">Anselperga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adelperga" title="Adelperga">Adelperga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Liutperga" title="Liutperga">Liutperga</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adalgis" title="Adalgis">Adelchis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards" title="List of kings of the Lombards">Lombardy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Desiderius</b>, also known as <b>Daufer</b> or <b>Dauferius</b> (born <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 720</span> – died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 786</span>), was king of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a> in northern <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, ruling from 756 to 774. The Frankish king of renown, <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, married Desiderius's daughter and subsequently conquered his realm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201694,_96_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201694,_96-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desiderius is remembered for this connection to Charlemagne and for being the last Lombard ruler to exercise regional kingship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201693–101_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201693–101-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rise to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>, Desiderius was originally a royal officer, the <i>dux</i> of <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscia</a> and he became king after the death of <a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf</a> in 756.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1998105_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1998105-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, Aistulf's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis</a>, left his monastic retreat of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cassino" title="Monte Cassino">Montecassino</a> and tried to seize the kingdom, but Desiderius put his revolt down quickly with the support of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_II" title="Pope Stephen II">Pope Stephen II</a>. At his coronation, Desiderius promised to restore many lost papal towns to the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> and even enlarge the Papal State.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199373_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199373-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 757, Desiderius began securing his power, taking what historian Walter Goffart terms, "vigorous steps to suppress resistance to himself in the powerful duchies of <a href="/wiki/Spoleto" title="Spoleto">Spoleto</a>, in central Italy, and Benevento, to the south."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the upstart Liutprand (<a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duke of Benevento</a>)—who despised Desiderius—challenged his kingship and threatened to place himself under the protection of <a href="/wiki/Pepin_the_Short" title="Pepin the Short">Pepin the Short</a>, Desiderius obtained naval assistance from Byzantium and put an end to Luitprand's defiant actions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lombard king then granted Luitprand's former duchy to his foe's son, <a href="/wiki/Arechis_II_of_Benevento" title="Arechis II of Benevento">Arechis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In that same year, Desiderius deposed <a href="/wiki/Alboin_of_Spoleto" title="Alboin of Spoleto">Alboin of Spoleto</a> and exercised the ducal powers there himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoble1984107_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENoble1984107-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Seeking, like his predecessors, to extend Lombard power in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, Desiderius challenged the papacy and vied for the southern duchies. In the August of 759, Desiderius made his son <a href="/wiki/Adelchis" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelchis">Adelchis</a> associate King of Lombardy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after visiting Rome, where he prayed at the tomb of St. Peter, Desiderius "returned to the aggressive expansive policy of his predecessors."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He even negotiated with Byzantium in an arrangement that would have eroded papal authority and resulted in further territorial loss for the Holy See in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141–142_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141–142-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometime in 760, envoys from Pepin convinced Desiderius to return some of the cities he captured back to the papacy, but the Lombard king did not follow through on his promises.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointing_Antipope_Philip">Appointing Antipope Philip</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appointing Antipope Philip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Intervening in the crisis that ensued after the death of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Pope Paul I</a> in 767, Desiderius seized a priest named Philip from the Monastery of <a href="/wiki/St._Vitus" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Vitus">St. Vitus</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the <a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Hill" title="Esquiline Hill">Esquiline Hill</a> in Rome on Sunday, July 31, 768, and summarily appointed him pope. <a href="/wiki/Antipope_Philip" title="Antipope Philip">Antipope Philip</a> was not recognized and failed to gain a significant following, so he left the same day and returned to his monastery, where he was never heard from or seen again.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReardon201559_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReardon201559-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carolingian_Intervention">Carolingian Intervention</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Carolingian Intervention"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Pepin’s previous military campaigns in Italy against Desiderius' Lombard predecessors had been successful, the subsequent relations between the papacy (aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Carolingians" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingians">Carolingians</a>) and the Lombards were correspondingly strained and in 773, Pope Hadrian openly broke with king Desiderius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Desiderius responded by moving against the papal cities, Hadrian immediately appealed to Charlemagne for help against the Lombards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Lombards had blocked the passage through the Alps, Pope Hadrian had to send his embassy by sea; they were commissioned to remind Charlemagne that he was the protector of the papacy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199396–97_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199396–97-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally, Charlemagne had remained on amicable terms with the Lombards, having been married to Desiderius’ daughter, Desiderata.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201543_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201543-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite not liking the alliance between Lombards and Franks, Stephen III grudgingly maintained positive diplomatic standing with both kings, but his death in February 772 and the elevation of Pope Hadrian, who wished to undermine this relationship, altered the political environment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357–358_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357–358-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hadrian hedged his bets and took measures to provoke Desiderius; actions designed to make him take an aggressive stance against the Holy See so an appeal could be made for Frankish assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017358–359_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017358–359-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon hearing the call for help, Charlemagne obliged the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames199594–95_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames199594–95-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carloman_I" title="Carloman I">Carloman's</a> death also changed the situation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201543_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201543-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It seems the widow of Charlemagne’s brother (Carloman) and her children had taken refuge with Desiderius, who—so it was alleged in the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Pontificalis" title="Liber Pontificalis">Liber Pontificalis</a></i>—intended to proclaim a Frankish successor. According to historian Roger Collins, the veracity of this claim can be questioned as a possible piece of disinformation from the papacy "intended to ensure the Frankish king’s help against the Lombards."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999282_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999282-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the spring of 773, Charlemagne sent two Frankish armies against the Lombards and after an eight month siege, captured the capital of Pavia and Desiderius himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017359_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017359-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Charlemagne subsequently exiled the Lombard king to the <a href="/wiki/Corbie_Abbey" title="Corbie Abbey">abbey of Corbie</a> in northern France,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199398_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199398-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as “king of the Franks”, added the title “and of the Lombards”, lengthening his moniker.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames199595_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames199595-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Charlemagne took the title <i>rex Langobardorum</i>, it marked the first time a Germanic king adopted the title of a kingdom he had conquered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2015412_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2015412-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Charlemagne had the power to destroy the Lombards outright, he instead permitted them to "retain their laws and pardoned those who were traitors."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199398_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199398-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the end, Desiderius's ambitions brought about the end of the Lombard kingdom and he was the final Lombard king on record.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003143_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003143-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Desiderius" title="Special:EditPage/Desiderius">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>He married <a href="/wiki/Ansa,_wife_of_Desiderius" class="mw-redirect" title="Ansa, wife of Desiderius">Ansa</a> (or Ansia) and, as well as a son, had five daughters: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anselperga" title="Anselperga">Anselperga</a> (or Anselberga), abbess of San Salvatore monastery of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adelperga" title="Adelperga">Adelperga</a> (or Adelberga), married <a href="/wiki/Arechis_II_of_Benevento" title="Arechis II of Benevento">Arechis II of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutperga" title="Liutperga">Liutperga</a> (also Liutpirc or Liutberga), married <a href="/wiki/Tassilo_III_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Tassilo III of Bavaria">Tassilo III of Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_of_the_Lombards" title="Desiderata of the Lombards">Desiderata</a> married Charlemagne in 770 and was repudiated (a medieval form of divorce) in 771.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerberga,_wife_of_Carloman_I" title="Gerberga, wife of Carloman I">Gerperga</a> (or Gerberga) married Carloman brother of Charlemagne</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalgis" title="Adalgis">Adelchis</a> (or Adalgis), <a href="/wiki/Patrician_(post-Roman_Europe)" title="Patrician (post-Roman Europe)">patrician</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, the legacy of Desiderius still has significance in Italy. The beautiful monastic church of <a href="/wiki/San_Salvatore,_Brescia" title="San Salvatore, Brescia">San Salvatore in Brescia</a>, a testament to Lombard architecture still enduring, was constructed by Desiderius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick2001192_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick2001192-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name in Italian—"Desiderio"—directly translates to "<a href="/wiki/Desire" title="Desire">desire</a>" in English. In the tragedy <i><a href="/wiki/Adelchi" title="Adelchi">Adelchi</a></i>, written by renowned Italian novelist and Poet <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a> in 1822, Desiderius is portrayed as vain man, destroying his kingdom and legacy over his desire for power. His son Adelchi (also called <a href="/wiki/Adalgis" title="Adalgis">Adalgis</a>) is torn over his father's will and his desire for peace, and dies of starvation. In the play, the author expresses regret that Desiderius and Lombards failed to unite the Italian peninsula.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis2009235_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2009235-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a> in Paradiso VI (line 95) refers to Desiderius as the "Lombard tooth" (or "snake") who bit the Holy Church and was subsequently defeated by Charlemagne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlighieri200761_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlighieri200761-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also see:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSefton1979" class="citation journal cs1">Sefton, David S. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25020552">"Pope Hadrian I and the Fall of the Kingdom of the Lombards"</a>. <i>The Catholic Historical Review</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 206–220. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-8080">0008-8080</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25020552">25020552</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Catholic+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Pope+Hadrian+I+and+the+Fall+of+the+Kingdom+of+the+Lombards&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=206-220&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25020552%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0008-8080&rft.aulast=Sefton&rft.aufirst=David+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25020552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">French historian Pierre Riché claims that Aistulf's death was providential for it "allowed the pope to influence the royal election in Pavia" in favor of Desiderius.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199373_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199373-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adelchis and Desiderius co-ruled the region until they were deposed in June 774.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pope <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a> mentions a monastery dedicated to Vitus, located somewhere in or near Sicily ("Epist.", I, xlviii, P.L., LXXXVII, 511).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moreover, Desiderius—in concert with Charlemagne—wanted to ensure there was more than one Carolingian king involved with the papacy and with access to Italy, since the title of <i>patricius Romanorum</i> was shared by both Carloman and Charlemagne (Carloman also controlled Frankish access through the Alps).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the <i>Annales regni francorum</i>, this legate from the Pope to Charlemagne arrived in 773.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick200828_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick200828-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The renowned Frankish king also took the city of Pavia, where Desiderius' son Adelchis had taken residence with Carloman's remaining family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also see: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adelchi">https://www.britannica.com/topic/Adelchi</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201694,_96-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201694,_96_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFried2016">Fried 2016</a>, pp. 94, 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201693–101-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201693–101_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFried2016">Fried 2016</a>, pp. 93–101.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChristie1998105-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChristie1998105_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChristie1998">Christie 1998</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199373-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199373_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199373_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiché1993">Riché 1993</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoffart2012338_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoffart2012">Goffart 2012</a>, p. 338.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENoble1984107-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENoble1984107_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNoble1984">Noble 1984</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlunsom2013158_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlunsom2013">Blunsom 2013</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141–142-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003141–142_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003142_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReardon201559-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReardon201559_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReardon2015">Reardon 2015</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoenigsberger198785_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoenigsberger1987">Koenigsberger 1987</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199396–97-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199396–97_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiché1993">Riché 1993</a>, pp. 96–97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFried201543-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201543_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFried201543_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFried2015">Fried 2015</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, p. 357.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357–358-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017357–358_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, pp. 357–358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017358–359-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017358–359_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, pp. 358–359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames199594–95-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames199594–95_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJames1995">James 1995</a>, pp. 94–95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick200828-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick200828_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick2008">McKitterick 2008</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins1999282-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins1999282_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins1999">Collins 1999</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017359-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBachrachBachrach2017359_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017">Bachrach & Bachrach 2017</a>, p. 359.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiché199398-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199398_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiché199398_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiché1993">Riché 1993</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJames199595-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJames199595_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJames1995">James 1995</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis2015412-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis2015412_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis2015">Davis 2015</a>, p. 412.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003143-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrassetto2003143_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrassetto2003">Frassetto 2003</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick2001192-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKitterick2001192_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKitterick2001">McKitterick 2001</a>, p. 192.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELewis2009235-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELewis2009235_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis2009">Lewis 2009</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAlighieri200761-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAlighieri200761_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlighieri2007">Alighieri 2007</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Desiderius&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlighieri2007" class="citation book cs1">Alighieri, Dante (2007) [1321]. <i>Paradise (Paradiso)</i>. Translated by Anthony Esolen. New York: The Modern Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81297-726-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81297-726-4"><bdi>978-0-81297-726-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paradise+%28Paradiso%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Modern+Library&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-81297-726-4&rft.aulast=Alighieri&rft.aufirst=Dante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBachrachBachrach2017" class="citation book cs1">Bachrach, Bernard; Bachrach, David S. (2017). <i>Warfare in Medieval Europe c.400–c.1453</i>. London and New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13888-765-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13888-765-7"><bdi>978-1-13888-765-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warfare+in+Medieval+Europe+c.400%E2%80%93c.1453&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-13888-765-7&rft.aulast=Bachrach&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.au=Bachrach%2C+David+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlunsom2013" class="citation book cs1">Blunsom, E.O. (2013). <i>The Past and Future of Law</i>. Xlibris Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-46287-516-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-46287-516-0"><bdi>978-1-46287-516-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Past+and+Future+of+Law&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-46287-516-0&rft.aulast=Blunsom&rft.aufirst=E.O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristie1998" class="citation book cs1">Christie, Neil (1998). <i>The Lombards: The Ancient Longobards</i>. Malden, MA: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-18238-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-18238-1"><bdi>0-631-18238-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lombards%3A+The+Ancient+Longobards&rft.place=Malden%2C+MA&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-631-18238-1&rft.aulast=Christie&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1999" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Roger (1999). <i>Early Medieval Europe, 300–1000</i>. New York: St. Martin’s Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-31221-885-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-31221-885-0"><bdi>978-0-31221-885-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Medieval+Europe%2C+300%E2%80%931000&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=St.+Martin%E2%80%99s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-31221-885-0&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2015" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Jennifer R. (2015). <i>Charlemagne's Practice of Empire</i>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-10743-413-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-10743-413-4"><bdi>978-1-10743-413-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlemagne%27s+Practice+of+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge+and+New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-10743-413-4&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrassetto2003" class="citation book cs1">Frassetto, Michael (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation</i>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-263-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-263-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-263-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Barbarian+Europe%3A+Society+in+Transformation&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+CA&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-263-9&rft.aulast=Frassetto&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried2015" class="citation book cs1">Fried, Johannes (2015). <i>The Middle Ages</i>. Cambridge and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-562-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67405-562-9"><bdi>978-0-67405-562-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Cambridge+and+London&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-67405-562-9&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried2016" class="citation book cs1">Fried, Johannes (2016). <i>Charlemagne</i>. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-67473-739-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-67473-739-6"><bdi>978-0-67473-739-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlemagne&rft.place=Cambridge+and+London&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-67473-739-6&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Johannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoffart2012" class="citation book cs1">Goffart, Walter (2012). <i>The Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550–800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon</i>. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-26802-967-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-26802-967-8"><bdi>978-0-26802-967-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Narrators+of+Barbarian+History+%28A.D.+550%E2%80%93800%29%3A+Jordanes%2C+Gregory+of+Tours%2C+Bede%2C+and+Paul+the+Deacon&rft.place=Notre+Dame%2C+IN&rft.pub=University+of+Notre+Dame+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-26802-967-8&rft.aulast=Goffart&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames1995" class="citation book cs1">James, Edward (1995). "The Northern World in the Dark Ages, 400–900". In George Holmes (ed.). <i>The Oxford History of Medieval Europe</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19280-133-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19280-133-3"><bdi>978-0-19280-133-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Northern+World+in+the+Dark+Ages%2C+400%E2%80%93900&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Medieval+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19280-133-3&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoenigsberger1987" class="citation book cs1">Koenigsberger, H.G (1987). <i>Medieval Europe, 400–1500</i>. Essex: Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-582-49403-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-582-49403-6"><bdi>0-582-49403-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Europe%2C+400%E2%80%931500&rft.place=Essex&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-582-49403-6&rft.aulast=Koenigsberger&rft.aufirst=H.G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2009" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David L. (2009). <i>God's Crucible: Islam and the Making of Europe, 570–1215</i>. New York: W.W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-39306-790-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-39306-790-3"><bdi>978-0-39306-790-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Crucible%3A+Islam+and+the+Making+of+Europe%2C+570%E2%80%931215&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-39306-790-3&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick2001" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond (2001). <i>The Early Middle Ages: Europe, 400–1000</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19873-172-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19873-172-6"><bdi>978-0-19873-172-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+Middle+Ages%3A+Europe%2C+400%E2%80%931000&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19873-172-6&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKitterick2008" class="citation book cs1">McKitterick, Rosamond (2008). <i>Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity</i>. New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71645-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71645-1"><bdi>978-0-521-71645-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charlemagne%3A+The+Formation+of+a+European+Identity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71645-1&rft.aulast=McKitterick&rft.aufirst=Rosamond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoble1984" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Thomas F.X. (1984). <i>The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680–825</i>. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8122-1239-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8122-1239-8"><bdi>0-8122-1239-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+St.+Peter%3A+The+Birth+of+the+Papal+State%2C+680%E2%80%93825&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8122-1239-8&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.X.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReardon2015" class="citation book cs1">Reardon, Wendy J. (2015). <i>The Deaths of the Popes. Comprehensive Accounts Including Funerals, Burial Places and Epitaphs</i>. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78646-116-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78646-116-5"><bdi>978-0-78646-116-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deaths+of+the+Popes.+Comprehensive+Accounts+Including+Funerals%2C+Burial+Places+and+Epitaphs&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC+and+London&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-78646-116-5&rft.aulast=Reardon&rft.aufirst=Wendy+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiché1993" class="citation book cs1">Riché, Pierre (1993). <i>The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe</i>. Translated by Michael Idomir Allen. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81221-342-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81221-342-3"><bdi>978-0-81221-342-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Carolingians%3A+A+Family+Who+Forged+Europe&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-81221-342-3&rft.aulast=Rich%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesiderius" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_the_Lombards" title="List of kings of the Lombards">King of the Lombards</a> </b><br />756–774 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alboin_of_Spoleto" title="Alboin of Spoleto">Alboin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duke of Spoleto</a> </b><br />758–759 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gisulf_of_Spoleto" title="Gisulf of Spoleto">Gisulf</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Template talk:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antique_Kings_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antique Kings of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Italy_between_476_and_1556" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">Kings of Italy</a> between 476 and 1556</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odoacer" title="Odoacer">Odoacer <span style="font-size:85%;">(476–493)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/100px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/150px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg/200px-Italy_1000_AD_alt1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogoths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodoric_the_Great" title="Theodoric the Great">Theodoric <span style="font-size:85%;">(493–526)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athalaric" title="Athalaric">Athalaric <span style="font-size:85%;">(526–534)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodahad" title="Theodahad">Theodahad <span style="font-size:85%;">(534–536)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitiges" title="Vitiges">Vitiges <span style="font-size:85%;">(536–540)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ildibad" title="Ildibad">Ildibad <span style="font-size:85%;">(540–541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eraric" title="Eraric">Eraric <span style="font-size:85%;">(541)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totila" title="Totila">Totila <span style="font-size:85%;">(541–552)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teia" title="Teia">Teia <span style="font-size:85%;">(552–553)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboin" title="Alboin">Alboin <span style="font-size:85%;">(568–572)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleph" title="Cleph">Cleph <span style="font-size:85%;">(572–574)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Dukes" title="Rule of the Dukes"><i>Interregnum</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(574–584)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authari" title="Authari">Authari <span style="font-size:85%;">(584–590)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agilulf" title="Agilulf">Agilulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(590–616)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adaloald" title="Adaloald">Adaloald <span style="font-size:85%;">(616–626)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arioald" title="Arioald">Arioald <span style="font-size:85%;">(626–636)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothari" title="Rothari">Rothari <span style="font-size:85%;">(636-652)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodoald" title="Rodoald">Rodoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(652–653)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_I" title="Aripert I">Aripert I <span style="font-size:85%;">(653–661)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godepert" title="Godepert">Godepert <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(661–662)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimoald,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Grimoald, King of the Lombards">Grimoald <span style="font-size:85%;">(662–671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibald" title="Garibald">Garibald <span style="font-size:85%;">(671)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perctarit" title="Perctarit">Perctarit <span style="font-size:85%;">(671–688)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(688–689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahis" title="Alahis">Alahis <span style="font-size:85%;">(689)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunipert" title="Cunipert">Cunipert <span style="font-size:85%;">(689–700)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutpert" title="Liutpert">Liutpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(700–702)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raginpert" title="Raginpert">Raginpert <span style="font-size:85%;">(701)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aripert_II" title="Aripert II">Aripert II <span style="font-size:85%;">(702–712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansprand" title="Ansprand">Ansprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liutprand,_King_of_the_Lombards" title="Liutprand, King of the Lombards">Liutprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(712–744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildeprand" title="Hildeprand">Hildeprand <span style="font-size:85%;">(744)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchis" title="Ratchis">Ratchis <span style="font-size:85%;">(744–749)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aistulf" title="Aistulf">Aistulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(749–756)</span></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Desiderius <span style="font-size:85%;">(756–774)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne <span style="font-size:85%;">(774–814)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepin_of_Italy" title="Pepin of Italy">Pepin <span style="font-size:85%;">(781–810)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Italy" title="Bernard of Italy">Bernard <span style="font-size:85%;">(810–818)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_I" title="Lothair I">Lothair I <span style="font-size:85%;">(818–855)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Italy" title="Louis II of Italy">Louis I <span style="font-size:85%;">(855–875)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II <span style="font-size:85%;">(875–877)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_Bavaria" title="Carloman of Bavaria">Carloman <span style="font-size:85%;">(877–879)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III <span style="font-size:85%;">(879–887)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnulf_of_Carinthia" title="Arnulf of Carinthia">Arnulf <span style="font-size:85%;">(896–899)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratold_of_Italy" title="Ratold of Italy">Ratold <span style="font-size:85%;">(896)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-dynastic<br />(title disputed 887–933)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Unruochings" title="Unruochings">Unruochings</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_I_of_Italy" title="Berengar I of Italy">Berengar I <span style="font-size:85%;">(887–924)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Widonids" title="Widonids">Guideschi</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Guy_III_of_Spoleto" title="Guy III of Spoleto">Guy <span style="font-size:85%;">(889–894)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambert_of_Italy" title="Lambert of Italy">Lambert <span style="font-size:85%;">(891–897)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Elder_House_of_Welf" title="Elder House of Welf">Welfs</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_II_of_Burgundy" title="Rudolph II of Burgundy">Rudolph <span style="font-size:85%;">(922–933)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bosonids" title="Bosonids">Bosonids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Blind" title="Louis the Blind">Louis II <span style="font-size:85%;">(900–905)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Italy" title="Hugh of Italy">Hugh <span style="font-size:85%;">(926–947)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_II_of_Italy" title="Lothair II of Italy">Lothair II <span style="font-size:85%;">(945–950)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Anscarids" title="Anscarids">Anscarids</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Berengar_II_of_Italy" title="Berengar II of Italy">Berengar II <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_of_Italy" title="Adalbert of Italy">Adalbert <span style="font-size:85%;">(950–963)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> within <br /> the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br /> (962–1556)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_the_Great" title="Otto the Great">Otto I <span style="font-size:85%;">(962–973)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto II <span style="font-size:85%;">(980–983)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III <span style="font-size:85%;">(996–1002)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arduin_of_Ivrea" title="Arduin of Ivrea">Arduin I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1002–1014)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1004–1024)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1026–1039)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1039–1056)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1056–1105)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Italy" title="Conrad II of Italy">Conrad II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1093–1101)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1106–1125)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor">Lothair III (or II) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1125–1137)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Germany" title="Conrad III of Germany">Conrad III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1138–1152)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick I <span style="font-size:85%;">(1154–1186)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VI <span style="font-size:85%;">(1186–1197)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1209–1212)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick II <span style="font-size:85%;">(1212–1250)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_VII,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry VII <span style="font-size:85%;">(1311–1313)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Louis IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1327–1347)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV <span style="font-size:85%;">(1355–1378)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismund,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor">Sigismund <span style="font-size:85%;">(1431–1437)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor">Frederick III <span style="font-size:85%;">(1452–1493)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V <span style="font-size:85%;">(1530–1556)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297520#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297520#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q297520#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000007820037X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/232278985">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85988201">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/46169551">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/6418160668021803560004">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1815608/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/137807252">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2005043325">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Desiderius <re dei Longobardi>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV470210">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/28995">Vatican</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="DESIDERIO, re dei Longobardi"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/re-dei-longobardi-desiderio_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd137807252.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/137807252">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/23671581X">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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