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class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Distribution and habitat </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behaviour_and_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Behaviour and ecology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Behaviour and ecology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour_and_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Diet </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Breeding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Predation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Predation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Predation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Predation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parasites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parasites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Parasites </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parasites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_humans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_humans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Relationship with humans </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Relationship with humans subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economic_value" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_value"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Economic value </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economic_value-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Cultural references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Status and conservation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 General and cited sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Emu</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 91 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" > 91 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoe" title="Emoe – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Emoe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88" title="إيمو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيمو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adi_emu" title="Adi emu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adi emu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mu" title="Ému – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ému" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81" title="এমু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এমু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эму – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эму" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC%D0%BE_%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Голямо ему – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Голямо ему" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_(ptica)" title="Emu (ptica) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Emu (ptica)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emou_boutin" title="Emou boutin – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Emou boutin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%BA_com%C3%BA" title="Emú comú – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Emú comú" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эму – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Эму" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_hn%C4%9Bd%C3%BD" title="Emu hnědý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Emu hnědý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiw" title="Emiw – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Emiw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_Emu" title="Großer Emu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großer Emu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADdiitsoh_dits%CA%BCoz%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Tsídiitsoh ditsʼozígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsídiitsoh ditsʼozígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Εμού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emuo" title="Emuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Emuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="شترمرغ استرالیایی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شترمرغ استرالیایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89meu_d%27Australie" title="Émeu d'Australie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Émeu d'Australie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89am%C3%BA" title="Éamú – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éamú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%BA" title="Emú – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Emú" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%81" title="ઇમુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઇમુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%AE%A4" title="에뮤 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에뮤" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Էմու ջայլամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էմու ջայլամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82" title="एमू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एमू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emuo" title="Emuo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Emuo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%BAi" title="Emúi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Emúi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%95" title="אמו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88mu" title="Èmu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èmu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81" title="ಎಮು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಮು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3" title="ემუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ემუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эму – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эму" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Ему – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ему" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoa" title="Emoa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Emoa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81" title="എമു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എമു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82" title="इमू – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इमू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3" title="ემუ – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ემუ" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88" title="ايمو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايمو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%AF" title="ငှက်ကုလားအုတ်ပု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငှက်ကုလားအုတ်ပု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emoe" title="Emoe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Emoe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC" title="エミュー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エミュー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81" title="ଏମୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏମୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%82" title="ਏਮੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਏਮੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88" title="ایمو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایمو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_(gatunek)" title="Emu (gatunek) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Emu (gatunek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Эму – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эму" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeu" title="Emeu – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Emeu" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu_hned%C3%BD" title="Emu hnedý – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Emu hnedý" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%86" title="ئیمۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیمۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Ему – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ему" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%82" title="ஈமியூ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஈமியூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%88%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఈము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఈము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A1%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%97%E1%8F%9D_%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BE_%E1%8E%A4%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%BE" title="ᎡᎳᏗᏝ ᎬᎾ ᎤᏔᎾ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎡᎳᏗᏝ ᎬᎾ ᎤᏔᎾ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu" title="Emu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Emu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%83_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Ему австралійський – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ему австралійський" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%90%D9%85%DB%87_%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B4%D9%89" title="ئېمۇ قۇشى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئېمۇ قۇشى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%A0_%C4%91i%E1%BB%83u_Emu" title="Đà điểu Emu – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đà điểu Emu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" title="Dromaius novaehollandiae – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dromaius novaehollandiae" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%B8%E9%B9%8B" title="鸸鹋 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鸸鹋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2%E9%B4%95%E9%B3%A5" title="澳洲鴕鳥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="澳洲鴕鳥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%B8%E9%B9%8B" 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width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Emu <div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: Middle Miocene – present <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:17.583076923077px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.22px; width:14.807692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:70.027692307692px; width:7.9470769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:77.974769230769px; width:20.564923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.539692307692px; width:20.294153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.732307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:171.56615384615px; width:26.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.540307692308px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20184615385px; width:6.9249230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:214.59138461538px; width:5.4086153846154px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:214.59138461538px; width:5.4086153846154px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:215.59138461538px; width:3.4086153846154px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>–present<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_1_-_Tidbinbilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Emu_1_-_Tidbinbilla.jpg/250px-Emu_1_-_Tidbinbilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Emu_1_-_Tidbinbilla.jpg/500px-Emu_1_-_Tidbinbilla.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4828" data-file-height="3863" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">At <a href="/wiki/Tidbinbilla_Nature_Reserve" title="Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve">Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/250px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg/500px-Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /> <a href="/wiki/Least_Concern" class="mw-redirect" title="Least Concern">Least Concern</a>  (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">[2]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Dromaius" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraclass: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palaeognathae" title="Palaeognathae">Palaeognathae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Casuariidae" title="Casuariidae">Casuariidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dromaius" title="Dromaius">Dromaius</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species">D. novaehollandiae</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Dromaius novaehollandiae <div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(ornithologist)" title="John Latham (ornithologist)">Latham</a>, 1790)<a href="#cite_note-Davies-3">[3]</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspecies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li>D. n. novaehollandiae (<a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(ornithologist)" title="John Latham (ornithologist)">Latham</a>, 1790)<a href="#cite_note-tax-4">[4]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothschild%27s_emu" title="Rothschild's emu">D. n. rothschildi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mathews" title="Gregory Mathews">Mathews</a>, 1912 (disputed)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></li> <li>D. n. woodwardi (<a href="/wiki/Gregory_Mathews" title="Gregory Mathews">Mathews</a>, 1912) (disputed)<a href="#cite_note-ag-6">[6]</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/D._n._baudinianus" class="mw-redirect" title="D. n. baudinianus">D. n. baudinianus</a> <a href="/wiki/Shane_A._Parker" title="Shane A. Parker">Parker, S.A.</a>, 1984<a href="#cite_note-Davies-3">[3]</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/D._n._diemenensis" class="mw-redirect" title="D. n. diemenensis">D. n. diemenensis</a> <a href="/wiki/Le_Souef" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Souef">Le Souef</a>, 1907<a href="#cite_note-tax-4">[4]</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/D._n._minor" class="mw-redirect" title="D. n. minor">D. n. minor</a> <a href="/wiki/Walter_Baldwin_Spencer" title="Walter Baldwin Spencer">Spencer</a>, 1906</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Dromaius_novaehollandiae_map_distribution_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_map_distribution_2.svg/250px-Dromaius_novaehollandiae_map_distribution_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_map_distribution_2.svg/500px-Dromaius_novaehollandiae_map_distribution_2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="903" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution in red </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Casuarius novaehollandiae Latham, 1790 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromiceius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Casuarius australis Shaw, 1792 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromaius ater Vieillot, 1817 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromiceius emu Stephens, 1826 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Casuarius diemenianus Jennings, 1827 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromiceius major Brookes, 1830 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromaeus irroratus Bartlett, 1859 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Dromaeus ater (<a href="/wiki/Edward_Blyth" title="Edward Blyth">Blyth</a>, 1862) </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="22" data-mwtitle="Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3c/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_Lue0043_03.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>call of a female emu at the <a href="/wiki/ZOOM_Erlebniswelt_Gelsenkirchen" title="ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen">ZOOM Erlebniswelt Gelsenkirchen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> </figcaption></figure> The emu (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈiːmjuː/</a>; Dromaius novaehollandiae) is a <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flightless_bird" title="Flightless bird">flightless bird</a> <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, where it is the <a href="/wiki/Tallest_extant_birds" title="Tallest extant birds">tallest</a> native bird. It is the only <a href="/wiki/Extant_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Extant taxon">extant</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> <a href="/wiki/Dromaius" title="Dromaius">Dromaius</a> and the third-tallest living bird after its <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a> <a href="/wiki/Ratite" title="Ratite">ratite</a> relatives, the <a href="/wiki/Common_ostrich" title="Common ostrich">common ostrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somali_ostrich" title="Somali ostrich">Somali ostrich</a>. The emu's <a href="/wiki/Native_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Native range">native ranges</a> cover most of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_mainland" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian mainland">Australian mainland</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_emu" title="Tasmanian emu">Tasmanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_emu" title="Kangaroo Island emu">Kangaroo Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Island_emu" title="King Island emu">King Island subspecies</a> became <a href="/wiki/Extinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Extinct">extinct</a> after the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">European settlement of Australia</a> in 1788. The emu has soft, brown feathers, a long neck, and long legs. It can grow up to 1.9 m (6 ft 3 in) in height. It is a robust <a href="/wiki/Bipedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bipedal">bipedal</a> runner that can travel great distances, and when necessary can sprint at 48 km/h (30 mph). It is <a href="/wiki/Omnivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Omnivorous">omnivorous</a> and forages on a variety of plants and insects, and can go for weeks without eating. It drinks infrequently, but takes in copious amounts of <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> when the opportunity arises. Breeding takes place in May and June, and fighting among females for a mate is common. Females can mate several times and lay several clutches of <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a> in one season. The male does the <a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation" title="Egg incubation">incubation</a>; during this process he hardly eats or drinks and loses a significant amount of weight. The eggs hatch after around eight weeks, and the young are nurtured by their fathers. They reach full size after around six months, but can remain as a family unit until the next breeding season. The emu is sufficiently common to be rated as a <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least-concern species</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>. Despite this, some local populations are listed as <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a>, with all the insular <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> going extinct by the 1800s. Threats to their survival include <a href="/wiki/Egg_predation" title="Egg predation">egg predation</a> by other animals (especially <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>), <a href="/wiki/Roadkill" title="Roadkill">roadkills</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a>. The emu is an important <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia" title="National symbols of Australia">cultural icon of Australia</a>, appearing on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Australia" title="Coat of arms of Australia">coat of arms</a> and various <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coinages</a>. The bird features prominently in <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology">Indigenous Australian mythologies</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">etymology</a> of the common name "emu" is uncertain, but is thought to have come from an Arabic word for large bird that was later used by Portuguese explorers to describe the related <a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowary</a> in Australia and <a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AM-7">[7]</a> Another theory is that it comes from the word "ema", which is used in Portuguese to denote a large bird akin to an ostrich or crane.<a href="#cite_note-e5-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In Victoria, some terms for the emu were Barrimal in the <a href="/wiki/Djadjawurrung_language" title="Djadjawurrung language">Dja Dja Wurrung language</a>, myoure in <a href="/wiki/Gunai_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunai language">Gunai</a>, and courn in <a href="/wiki/Jardwadjali" title="Jardwadjali">Jardwadjali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mathew-10">[10]</a> The birds were known as murawung or birabayin to the local <a href="/wiki/Eora" title="Eora">Eora</a> and <a href="/wiki/Darug" class="mw-redirect" title="Darug">Darug</a> inhabitants of the Sydney basin.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3></div> Emus were first reported as having been seen by Europeans when explorers visited the western coast of Australia in 1696. This was during an expedition led by Dutch captain <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Vlamingh" title="Willem de Vlamingh">Willem de Vlamingh</a> who was searching for survivors of a ship that had gone missing two years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Robert-12">[12]</a> The birds were known on the eastern coast before 1788, when the first Europeans settled there.<a href="#cite_note-e5-8">[8]</a> The birds were first mentioned under the name of the "New Holland <a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowary</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Phillip" title="Arthur Phillip">Arthur Phillip</a>'s Voyage to Botany Bay, published in 1789 with the following description:<a href="#cite_note-Gould-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">This is a species differing in many particulars from that generally known, and is a much larger bird, standing higher on its legs and having the neck longer than in the common one. Total length seven feet two inches. The bill is not greatly different from that of the common Cassowary; but the horny appendage, or helmet on top of the head, in this species is totally wanting: the whole of the head and neck is also covered with feathers, except the throat and fore part of the neck about half way, which are not so well feathered as the rest; whereas in the common Cassowary the head and neck are bare and carunculated as in the turkey. The plumage in general consists of a mixture of brown and grey, and the feathers are somewhat curled or bent at the ends in the natural state: the wings are so very short as to be totally useless for flight, and indeed, are scarcely to be distinguished from the rest of the plumage, were it not for their standing out a little. The long spines which are seen in the wings of the common sort, are in this not observable,—nor is there any appearance of a tail. The legs are stout, formed much as in the Galeated Cassowary, with the addition of their being jagged or sawed the whole of their length at the back part.</blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emu_skeleton.jpg/250px-Emu_skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emu_skeleton.jpg/330px-Emu_skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Emu_skeleton.jpg/500px-Emu_skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Mounted emu skeleton</figcaption></figure> The species was named by ornithologist <a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(ornithologist)" title="John Latham (ornithologist)">John Latham</a> in 1790 based on a specimen from the <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> area of Australia, a country which was known as <a href="/wiki/New_Holland_(Australia)" title="New Holland (Australia)">New Holland</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> He collaborated on Phillip's book and provided the first descriptions of, and names for, many Australian bird species; <a href="/wiki/Dromaius" title="Dromaius">Dromaius</a> comes from a Greek word meaning "racer" and novaehollandiae is the Latin term for New Holland, so the name can be rendered as "fast-footed New Hollander".<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In his original 1816 description of the emu, the French ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Pierre_Vieillot" title="Louis Pierre Vieillot">Louis Pierre Vieillot</a> used two <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">generic</a> names, first Dromiceius and later Dromaius.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> It has been a point of contention ever since as to which name should be used; the latter is more correctly formed, but the convention in <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)#Alpha_and_beta_taxonomy" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomy</a> is that the first name given to an organism stands, unless it is clearly a <a href="/wiki/Typographical_error" title="Typographical error">typographical error</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Most modern publications, including those of the Australian government,<a href="#cite_note-ag-6">[6]</a> use Dromaius, with Dromiceius mentioned as an alternative spelling.<a href="#cite_note-ag-6">[6]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Systematics">Systematics</h3></div> The emu was long classified, with its closest relatives the cassowaries, in the family <a href="/wiki/Casuariidae" title="Casuariidae">Casuariidae</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Ratite" title="Ratite">ratite</a> order Struthioniformes.<a href="#cite_note-Christidis-19">[19]</a> An alternate classification was proposed in 2014 by Mitchell et al., based on analysis of <a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA" title="Mitochondrial DNA">mitochondrial DNA</a>. This splits off the Casuariidae into their own order, the <a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes</a>,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and includes only the cassowaries in the family Casuariidae, placing the emus in their own family, <a href="/wiki/Dromaiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromaiidae">Dromaiidae</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> shown below is from their study.<a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-21">[21]</a> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261294616">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto;display:table}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf p{padding-right:5px;padding-left:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse p{padding-left:5px;padding-right:2px}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%; line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Recent <a href="/wiki/Paleognath" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleognath">paleognaths</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> †<a href="/wiki/Aepyornithidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aepyornithidae">Aepyornithidae</a> (elephant birds) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Apterygidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Apterygidae">Apterygidae</a> (kiwi) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Dromaiidae (emus) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Casuariidae" title="Casuariidae">Casuariidae</a> (cassowaries) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1261294616" /> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> †<a href="/wiki/Dinornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinornithiformes">Dinornithiformes</a> (moa) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Tinamidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinamidae">Tinamidae</a> (tinamous) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Rheidae" title="Rheidae">Rheidae</a> (rheas) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Struthionidae" title="Struthionidae">Struthionidae</a> (ostriches) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> Two different Dromaius species were present in Australia at the time of European settlement, and one additional species is known from fossil remains. The <a href="/wiki/Insular_dwarf" class="mw-redirect" title="Insular dwarf">insular dwarf</a> emus, <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_emu" title="Kangaroo Island emu">D. n. baudinianus</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Island_emu" title="King Island emu">D. n. minor</a>, originally present on <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island" title="Kangaroo Island">Kangaroo Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Tasmania)" title="King Island (Tasmania)">King Island</a> respectively, both became <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">extinct</a> shortly after the arrival of Europeans.<a href="#cite_note-AM-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heupink-22">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_emu" title="Tasmanian emu">D. n. diemenensis</a>, another insular dwarf emu from <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, became extinct around 1865. The mainland subspecies, D. n. novaehollandiae, remains common. The population of these birds varies from decade to decade, largely being dependent on rainfall; in 2009, it was estimated that there were between 630,000 and 725,000 birds.<a href="#cite_note-BirdLife-23">[23]</a> Emus were introduced to <a href="/wiki/Maria_Island" title="Maria Island">Maria Island</a><a href="#cite_note-Williams-24">[24]</a> off Tasmania, and Kangaroo Island off the coast of South Australia, during the 20th century. The Maria Island population died out in the mid-1990s. The Kangaroo Island birds have successfully established a breeding population.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1912, the Australian ornithologist <a href="/wiki/Gregory_M._Mathews" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregory M. Mathews">Gregory M. Mathews</a> recognised three living subspecies of emu,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> D. n. novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790),<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> D. n. woodwardi Mathews, 1912<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rothschild%27s_emu" title="Rothschild's emu">D. n. rothschildi</a> Mathews, 1912.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World">Handbook of the Birds of the World</a>, however, argues that the last two of these subspecies are invalid; natural variations in plumage colour and the nomadic nature of the species make it likely that there is a single race in mainland Australia.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Examination of the DNA of the King Island emu shows this bird to be closely related to the mainland emu and hence best treated as a subspecies.<a href="#cite_note-Heupink-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div> The emu is the second tallest bird in the world, only being exceeded in height by the <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a>;<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> the largest individuals can reach up to 150 to 190 cm (59 to 75 in) in height. Measured from the bill to the tail, emus range in length from 139 to 164 cm (55 to 65 in), with males averaging 148.5 cm (58.5 in) and females averaging 156.8 cm (61.7 in).<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Emus are the fourth or fifth heaviest living bird after the two species of ostrich and two larger species of <a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowary</a>, weighing slightly more on average than an <a href="/wiki/Emperor_penguin" title="Emperor penguin">emperor penguin</a>. Adult emus weigh between 18 and 60 kg (40 and 132 lb), with an average of 31.5 and 37 kg (69 and 82 lb) in males and females, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Females are usually slightly larger than males and are substantially wider across the rump.<a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:241px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Emufeet1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emufeet1.jpg/250px-Emufeet1.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Emufeet1.jpg/330px-Emufeet1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2791" data-file-height="4137" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:241px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Dromaius_novaehollandiae_(head)_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg/250px-Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg/330px-Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg/500px-Dromaius_novaehollandiae_%28head%29_Battersea_Park_Children%27s_Zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:123px;max-width:123px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_size.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/121px-Emu_size.png" decoding="async" width="121" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/182px-Emu_size.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/242px-Emu_size.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:225px;max-width:225px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:148px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu-wild.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emu-wild.jpg/250px-Emu-wild.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emu-wild.jpg/500px-Emu-wild.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Top left: Emus have three toes on each <a href="/wiki/Bird_feet_and_legs" title="Bird feet and legs">foot</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Dactyly#In_birds" title="Dactyly">tridactyl</a> arrangement, which is an adaptation for running and is seen in other birds, such as <a href="/wiki/Bustard" title="Bustard">bustards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quails</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostrich</a> has two toes on each foot. Top right: Emu head and upper neck. Bottom left: Size comparison between a human, mainland emu (centre), and extinct King Island subspecies (right). Bottom right: Adult in South Eastern <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.</div></div></div></div> Although flightless, emus have <a href="/wiki/Vestigial" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestigial">vestigial</a> wings, the <a href="/wiki/Wing_chord_(biology)" title="Wing chord (biology)">wing chord</a> measuring around 20 cm (8 in), and each wing having a small claw at the tip.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Emus flap their wings when running, perhaps as a means of stabilising themselves when moving fast.<a href="#cite_note-e5-8">[8]</a> They have long necks and legs,<a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> and can run at speeds of 48 km/h (30 mph) due to their highly specialised <a href="/wiki/Pelvis#Other_animals" title="Pelvis">pelvic</a> limb musculature.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Their <a href="/wiki/Bird_feet_and_legs" title="Bird feet and legs">feet</a> have only three toes and a similarly reduced number of bones and associated foot muscles; emus are unique among birds in that their <a href="/wiki/Gastrocnemius_muscle" title="Gastrocnemius muscle">gastrocnemius muscles</a> in the back of the lower legs have four bellies instead of the usual three. The pelvic limb muscles of emus contribute a similar proportion of the total body mass as do the flight muscles of flying birds.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> When walking, the emu takes strides of about 100 cm (3.3 ft), but at full gallop, a stride can be as long as 275 cm (9 ft).<a href="#cite_note-e9-36">[36]</a> Its legs are devoid of feathers and underneath its feet are thick, cushioned pads.<a href="#cite_note-e9-36">[36]</a> Like the cassowary, the emu has sharp claws on its toes which are its major defensive attribute, and are used in combat to inflict wounds on opponents by kicking.<a href="#cite_note-e7-37">[37]</a> The toe and claw total 15 cm (6 in) in length.<a href="#cite_note-e9-36">[36]</a> The bill is quite small, measuring 5.6 to 6.7 cm (2.2 to 2.6 in), and is soft, being adapted for grazing.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Emus have good eyesight and hearing, which allows them to detect threats at some distance.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pale_Emu_Blues.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pale_Emu_Blues.jpg/120px-Pale_Emu_Blues.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Pale_Emu_Blues.jpg/250px-Pale_Emu_Blues.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>Detail of the skin under its neck from a captive specimen</figcaption></figure> The neck of the emu is pale blue and shows through its sparse feathers.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> They have grey-brown plumage of shaggy appearance;<a href="#cite_note-AM-7">[7]</a> the shafts and the tips of the <a href="/wiki/Feather" title="Feather">feathers</a> are black. Solar radiation is absorbed by the tips, and the inner <a href="/wiki/Plumage" title="Plumage">plumage</a> insulates the skin.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> This prevents the birds from overheating, allowing them to be active during the heat of the day.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> A unique feature of the emu feather is the double <a href="/wiki/Rachis" title="Rachis">rachis</a> emerging from a single shaft. Both of the rachis have the same length, and the texture is variable; the area near the skin is rather furry, but the more distant ends resemble grass.<a href="#cite_note-e5-8">[8]</a> The sexes are similar in appearance,<a href="#cite_note-e23-41">[41]</a> although the male's penis can become visible when he urinates and defecates.<a href="#cite_note-Coddington-42">[42]</a> The plumage varies in colour due to environmental factors, giving the bird a natural <a href="/wiki/Camouflage" title="Camouflage">camouflage</a>. Feathers of emus in more arid areas with red soils have a rufous tint while birds residing in damp conditions are generally darker in hue.<a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> The juvenile plumage develops at about three months and is blackish finely barred with brown, with the head and neck being especially dark. The facial feathers gradually thin to expose the bluish skin. The adult plumage has developed by about fifteen months.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a> The eyes of an emu are protected by <a href="/wiki/Nictitating_membrane" title="Nictitating membrane">nictitating membranes</a>. These are translucent, secondary eyelids that move horizontally from the inside edge of the eye to the outside edge. They function as visors to protect the eyes from the dust that is prevalent in windy arid regions.<a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> Emus have a <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">tracheal</a> pouch, which becomes more prominent during the mating season. At more than 30 cm (12 in) in length, it is quite spacious; it has a thin wall, and an opening 8 centimetres (3 in) long.<a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg/250px-Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg/330px-Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg/500px-Pinnacles_040116_gnangarra-102.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2543" /></a><figcaption>Adult and juvenile foot prints</figcaption></figure> Once common on the east coast of Australia, emus are now uncommon there; by contrast, the development of agriculture and the provision of water for stock in the interior of the continent have increased the range of the emu in arid regions. Emus live in various habitats across Australia both inland and near the coast. They are most common in areas of <a href="/wiki/Savannah" class="mw-redirect" title="Savannah">savannah</a> woodland and <a href="/wiki/Sclerophyll" title="Sclerophyll">sclerophyll</a> forest, and least common in heavily populated districts and arid areas with annual precipitation of less than 600 millimetres (24 in).<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Emus predominantly travel in pairs, and while they can form large flocks, this is an atypical social behaviour that arises from the common need to move towards a new food source.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Emus have been shown to travel long distances to reach abundant feeding areas. In Western Australia, emu movements follow a distinct seasonal pattern – north in summer and south in winter. On the east coast their wanderings seem to be more random and do not appear to follow a set pattern.<a href="#cite_note-Congress-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour_and_ecology">Behaviour and ecology</h2></div> Emus are <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> birds and spend their day foraging, preening their plumage with their beak, dust bathing and resting. They are generally gregarious birds apart from the breeding season, and while some forage, others remain vigilant to their mutual benefit.<a href="#cite_note-Ekesbo-44">[44]</a> They are able to swim when necessary, although they rarely do so unless the area is flooded or they need to cross a river.<a href="#cite_note-e9-36">[36]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg/250px-Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg/330px-Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg/500px-Emus_bathing_Feb09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Emus bathing on a very hot summer day in a shallow pond</figcaption></figure> Emus begin to settle down at sunset and sleep during the night. They do not sleep continuously but rouse themselves several times during the night. When falling asleep, emus first squat on their <a href="/wiki/Tarsus_(skeleton)" title="Tarsus (skeleton)">tarsi</a> and enter a drowsy state during which they are alert enough to react to stimuli and quickly return to a fully awakened state if disturbed. As they fall into deeper sleep, their neck droops closer to the body and the eyelids begin to close.<a href="#cite_note-im-45">[45]</a> If there are no disturbances, they fall into a deeper sleep after about twenty minutes. During this phase, the body is gradually lowered until it is touching the ground with the legs folded underneath. The beak is turned down so that the whole neck becomes S-shaped and folded onto itself. The feathers direct any rain downwards onto the ground. It has been suggested that the sleeping position is a type of camouflage, mimicking a small mound.<a href="#cite_note-im-45">[45]</a> Emus typically awake from deep sleep once every ninety minutes or so and stand upright to feed briefly or defecate. This period of wakefulness lasts for ten to twenty minutes, after which they return to slumber.<a href="#cite_note-im-45">[45]</a> Overall, an emu sleeps for around seven hours in each twenty-four-hour period. Young emus usually sleep with their neck flat and stretched forward along the ground surface.<a href="#cite_note-im-45">[45]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/220px-seek%3D2-Emu_vocalization.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="7" data-mwtitle="Emu_vocalization.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Emu_vocalization.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/Emu_vocalization.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/Emu_vocalization.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/Emu_vocalization.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/Emu_vocalization.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Emu_vocalization.ogv/Emu_vocalization.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Emu grunting and hissing; note the inflating throat</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emus._Western_NSW,_1976.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg/500px-Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg/600px-Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg/800px-Emus._Western_NSW%2C_1976.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="315" /></a><figcaption>Emus. Western NSW, 1976</figcaption></figure> The vocalisations of emus mostly consist of various booming and grunting sounds. The booming is created by the inflatable throat pouch; the pitch can be regulated by the bird and depends on the size of the aperture.<a href="#cite_note-AM-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-e6-34">[34]</a> Most of the booming is done by females; it is part of the courtship ritual, is used to announce the holding of territory and is issued as a threat to rivals. A high-intensity boom is audible 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) away, while a low, more resonant call, produced during the breeding season, may at first attract mates and peaks while the male is incubating the eggs.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a> Most of the grunting is done by males. It is used principally during the breeding season in territorial defence, as a threat to other males, during courtship and while the female is laying. Both sexes sometimes boom or grunt during threat displays or on encountering strange objects.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a> On very hot days, emus pant to <a href="/wiki/Thermoregulation" title="Thermoregulation">maintain their body temperature</a>. Their lungs work as <a href="/wiki/Evaporation" title="Evaporation">evaporative</a> coolers and, unlike some other species, the resulting low levels of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> in the blood do not appear to cause <a href="/wiki/Alkalosis" title="Alkalosis">alkalosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> For normal breathing in cooler weather, they have large, multifolded nasal passages. Cool air warms as it passes through into the lungs, extracting heat from the nasal region. On exhalation, the emu's cold nasal <a href="/wiki/Nasal_concha" title="Nasal concha">turbinates</a> condense moisture back out of the air and absorb it for reuse.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> As with other ratites, the emu has great <a href="/wiki/Homeothermy" title="Homeothermy">homeothermic</a> ability, and can maintain this status from −5 to 45 °C (23 to 113 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Maloney2008-48">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Thermal_neutral_zone" title="Thermal neutral zone">thermoneutral zone</a> of emus lies between 10 and 30 °C (50 and 86 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Maloney2008-48">[48]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_at_zoo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emu_at_zoo.jpg/220px-Emu_at_zoo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emu_at_zoo.jpg/330px-Emu_at_zoo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emu_at_zoo.jpg/440px-Emu_at_zoo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4235" data-file-height="2594" /></a><figcaption>An emu sitting on the ground at a zoo.</figcaption></figure> As with other ratites, emus have a relatively low <a href="/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate" title="Basal metabolic rate">basal metabolic rate</a> compared to other types of birds. At −5 °C (23 °F), the metabolic rate of an emu sitting down is about 60% of that when standing, partly because the lack of feathers under the stomach leads to a higher rate of heat loss when standing from the exposed underbelly.<a href="#cite_note-Maloney2008-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/220px-seek%3D43-Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="45" data-mwtitle="Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv/Emu_feeding_on_grass.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>An emu foraging in grass</figcaption></figure> Emus forage in a <a href="/wiki/Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a> pattern and eat a variety of native and introduced plant species. The diet depends on seasonal availability with such plants as <a href="/wiki/Acacia" title="Acacia">Acacia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casuarina" title="Casuarina">Casuarina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grasses</a> being favoured.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a> They also eat insects and other arthropods, including grasshoppers and <a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">crickets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beetle" title="Beetle">beetles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cockroach" title="Cockroach">cockroaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coccinellidae" title="Coccinellidae">ladybirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogong_moth" title="Bogong moth">bogong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heliothis" title="Heliothis">cotton-boll</a> moth larvae, ants, <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spiders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millipede" title="Millipede">millipedes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> This provides a large part of their protein requirements.<a href="#cite_note-e44-50">[50]</a> In Western Australia, food preferences have been observed in travelling emus; they eat seeds from <a href="/wiki/Acacia_aneura" title="Acacia aneura">Acacia aneura</a> until the rains arrive, after which they move on to fresh grass shoots and caterpillars; in winter they feed on the leaves and pods of <a href="/wiki/Cassia_(genus)" title="Cassia (genus)">Cassia</a> and in spring, they consume <a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">grasshoppers</a> and the fruit of <a href="/wiki/Santalum_acuminatum" title="Santalum acuminatum">Santalum acuminatum</a>, a sort of quandong.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Powell-51">[51]</a> They are also known to feed on wheat,<a href="#cite_note-e31-52">[52]</a> and any fruit or other crops that they can access, easily climbing over high fences if necessary.<a href="#cite_note-e44-50">[50]</a> Emus serve as an important agent for the dispersal of large viable seeds, which contributes to floral biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-Powell-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> One undesirable effect of this occurred in Queensland in the early twentieth century when emus fed on the fruit of <a href="/wiki/Opuntia" title="Opuntia">prickly pears</a> in the outback. They defecated the seeds in various places as they moved around, and this led to a series of campaigns to hunt emus and prevent the seeds of the invasive cactus being spread.<a href="#cite_note-e44-50">[50]</a> The cacti were eventually controlled by an introduced moth (<a href="/wiki/Cactoblastis_cactorum" title="Cactoblastis cactorum">Cactoblastis cactorum</a>) whose larvae fed on the plant, one of the earliest examples of <a href="/wiki/Biological_pest_control" title="Biological pest control">biological control</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/%CE%9413C" title="Δ13C">δ13C</a> of the emu's diet is reflected in the δ13C of the <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> of its egg shell.<a href="#cite_note-Lynch-et-al-2007-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gastrolith" title="Gastrolith">Small stones</a> are swallowed to assist in the grinding up and digestion of the plant material. Individual stones may weigh 45 g (1.6 oz) and the birds may have as much as 745 g (1.642 lb) in their <a href="/wiki/Gizzard" title="Gizzard">gizzards</a> at one time. They also eat charcoal, although the reason for this is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> Captive emus have been known to eat shards of glass, marbles, car keys, jewellery and nuts and bolts.<a href="#cite_note-e44-50">[50]</a> Emus drink infrequently but ingest large amounts when the opportunity arises. They typically drink once a day, first inspecting the water body and surrounding area in groups before kneeling down at the edge to drink. They prefer being on firm ground while drinking, rather than on rocks or mud, but if they sense danger, they often stand rather than kneel. If not disturbed, they may drink continuously for ten minutes. Due to the scarcity of water sources, emus are sometimes forced to go without water for several days. In the wild, they often share water holes with other animals such as kangaroos; they are wary and tend to wait for the other animals to leave before drinking.<a href="#cite_note-e15-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_Egg.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emu egg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Emu_Egg.JPG/250px-Emu_Egg.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Emu_Egg.JPG/330px-Emu_Egg.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Emu_Egg.JPG/500px-Emu_Egg.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Dark green emu egg</figcaption></figure> Emus form breeding pairs during the summer months of December and January and may remain together for about five months. During this time, they stay in an area a few kilometres in diameter and it is believed they find and defend territory within this area. Both males and females put on weight during the breeding season, with the female becoming slightly heavier at between 45 and 58 kg (99 and 128 lb). Mating usually takes place between April and June; the exact timing is determined by the climate as the birds nest during the coolest part of the year.<a href="#cite_note-e23-41">[41]</a> During the breeding season, males experience hormonal changes, including an increase in <a href="/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone" title="Luteinizing hormone">luteinising hormone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Testosterone" title="Testosterone">testosterone</a> levels, and their <a href="/wiki/Testicle" title="Testicle">testicles</a> double in size.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Males construct a rough nest in a semi-sheltered hollow on the ground, using bark, grass, sticks and leaves to line it.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-3">[3]</a> The nest is almost always a flat surface rather than a segment of a sphere, although in cold conditions the nest is taller, up to 7 cm (2.8 in) tall, and more spherical to provide some extra heat retention. When other material is lacking, the bird sometimes uses a <a href="/wiki/Triodia_(grass)" class="mw-redirect" title="Triodia (grass)">spinifex tussock</a> a metre or so across, despite the prickly nature of the foliage.<a href="#cite_note-e23-41">[41]</a> The nest can be placed on open ground or near a shrub or rock. The nest is usually placed in an area where the emu has a clear view of its surroundings and can detect approaching predators.<a href="#cite_note-e24-58">[58]</a> The nest can contain eggs from multiple emus the number is usually between 15 and 25 eggs.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Female emus court the males; the female's plumage darkens slightly and the small patches of bare, featherless skin just below the eyes and near the beak turn turquoise-blue. The colour of the male's plumage remains unchanged, although the bare patches of skin also turn light blue. When courting, females stride around, pulling their neck back while puffing out their feathers and emitting low, monosyllabic calls that have been compared to drum beats. This calling can occur when males are out of sight or more than 50 metres (160 ft) away. Once the male's attention has been gained, the female circles her prospective mate at a distance of 10 to 40 metres (30 to 130 ft). As she does this, she looks at him by turning her neck, while at the same time keeping her rump facing towards him. If the male shows interest in the parading female, he will move closer; the female continues the courtship by shuffling further away but continuing to circle him.<a href="#cite_note-e23-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coddington-42">[42]</a> If a male is interested, he will stretch his neck and erect his feathers, then bend over and peck at the ground. He will circle around and sidle up to the female, swaying his body and neck from side to side, and rubbing his breast against his partner's rump. Often the female will reject his advances with aggression, but if amenable, she signals acceptance by squatting down and raising her rump.<a href="#cite_note-Coddington-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Patodkar-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_Gelege.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Nest and eggs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Emu_Gelege.jpg/220px-Emu_Gelege.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Emu_Gelege.jpg/330px-Emu_Gelege.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Emu_Gelege.jpg/440px-Emu_Gelege.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Nest and eggs</figcaption></figure> Females are more aggressive than males during the courtship period, often fighting for access to mates, with fights among females accounting for more than half the aggressive interactions during this period. If females court a male that already has a partner, the incumbent female will try to repel the competitor, usually by chasing and kicking. These interactions can be prolonged, lasting up to five hours, especially when the male being fought over is single and neither female has the advantage of incumbency. In these cases, the females typically intensify their calls and displays.<a href="#cite_note-Coddington-42">[42]</a> The sperm from a mating is stored by the female and can suffice to fertilise about six eggs.<a href="#cite_note-Patodkar-60">[60]</a> The pair mate every day or two, and every second or third day the female lays one of a clutch of five to fifteen very large, thick-shelled, green eggs. The shell is around 1 mm (0.04 in) thick, but rather thinner in northern regions according to indigenous Australians.<a href="#cite_note-Davies-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-e24-58">[58]</a> The shell is substantially composed of <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a>, and its <a href="/wiki/%CE%9413C" title="Δ13C">δ13C</a> is a function of the emu's diet.<a href="#cite_note-Lynch-et-al-2007-55">[55]</a> The eggs are on average 13 cm × 9 cm (5.1 in × 3.5 in) and weigh between 450 and 650 g (1.0 and 1.4 lb).<a href="#cite_note-Campbell-61">[61]</a> The maternal investment in the egg is considerable, and the proportion of yolk to <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">albumen</a>, at about 50%, is greater than would be predicted for a precocial egg of this size. This probably relates to the long <a href="/wiki/Egg_incubation#Avian_incubation" title="Egg incubation">incubation</a> period which means the developing chick must consume greater resources before hatching.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> The first verified occurrence of genetically identical avian twins was demonstrated in the emu.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> The egg surface is granulated and pale green. During the incubation period, the egg turns dark green, although if the egg never hatches, it will turn white from the <a href="/wiki/Bleach" title="Bleach">bleaching</a> effect of the sun.<a href="#cite_note-e25-64">[64]</a> The male becomes broody after his mate starts laying, and may begin to incubate the eggs before the clutch is complete. From this time on, he does not eat, drink, or defecate, and stands only to turn the eggs, which he does about ten times a day.<a href="#cite_note-e25-64">[64]</a> He develops a <a href="/wiki/Brood_patch" title="Brood patch">brood patch</a>, a bare area of wrinkled skin which is in intimate contact with the eggs.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Over the course of the eight-week incubation period, he will lose a third of his weight and will survive on stored body fat and on any morning dew that he can reach from the nest. As with many other Australian birds, such as the <a href="/wiki/Superb_fairywren" title="Superb fairywren">superb fairywren</a>, infidelity is the norm for emus, despite the initial pair bond: once the male starts brooding, the female usually wanders off, and may mate with other males and lay in multiple nests; thus, as many as half the chicks in a brood may not be fathered by the incubating male, or even by either parent, as emus also exhibit <a href="/wiki/Brood_parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Brood parasite">brood parasitism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baby_Emu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Chicks are camouflaged" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baby_Emu.jpg/250px-Baby_Emu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baby_Emu.jpg/330px-Baby_Emu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Baby_Emu.jpg/500px-Baby_Emu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="801" data-file-height="651" /></a><figcaption>Emu chicks have longitudinal stripes that provide camouflage</figcaption></figure> Some females stay and defend the nest until the chicks start hatching, but most leave the nesting area completely to nest again; in a good season, a female emu may nest three times.<a href="#cite_note-Congress-43">[43]</a> If the parents stay together during the incubation period, they will take turns standing guard over the eggs while the other drinks and feeds within earshot.<a href="#cite_note-e26-67">[67]</a> If it perceives a threat during this period, it will lie down on top of the nest and try to blend in with the similar-looking surrounds, and suddenly stand up to confront and scare the other party if it comes close.<a href="#cite_note-e26-67">[67]</a> Incubation takes 56 days, and the male stops incubating the eggs shortly before they hatch.<a href="#cite_note-Congress-43">[43]</a> The temperature of the nest rises slightly during the eight-week period. Although the eggs are laid sequentially, they tend to hatch within two days of one another, as the eggs that were laid later experienced higher temperatures and developed more rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-Maloney2008-48">[48]</a> During the process, the <a href="/wiki/Precocial" class="mw-redirect" title="Precocial">precocial</a> emu chicks need to develop a capacity for thermoregulation. During incubation, the embryos are kept at a constant temperature but the chicks will need to be able to cope with varying external temperatures by the time they hatch.<a href="#cite_note-Maloney2008-48">[48]</a> Newly hatched chicks are active and can leave the nest within a few days of hatching. They stand about 12 cm (5 in) tall at first, weigh 0.5 kg (17.6 oz),<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> and have distinctive brown and cream stripes for camouflage, which fade after three months or so. The male guards the growing chicks for up to seven months, teaching them how to find food.<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reader's_Digest-68">[68]</a> Chicks grow very quickly and are fully grown in five to six months;<a href="#cite_note-S._Davies-33">[33]</a> they may remain with their family group for another six months or so before they split up to breed in their second season. During their early life, the young emus are defended by their father, who adopts a belligerent stance towards other emus, including the mother. He does this by ruffling his feathers, emitting sharp grunts, and kicking his legs to drive off other animals. He can also bend his knees to crouch over smaller chicks to protect them. At night, he envelops his young with his feathers.<a href="#cite_note-e27-69">[69]</a> As the young emus cannot travel far, the parents must choose an area with plentiful food in which to breed.<a href="#cite_note-e31-52">[52]</a> In the wild, emus can live for upwards of 10 years but in captivity, they can live up to 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predation">Predation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Gould_Emu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emu illustration 1848" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/John_Gould_Emu.jpg/250px-John_Gould_Emu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/John_Gould_Emu.jpg/330px-John_Gould_Emu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/John_Gould_Emu.jpg/500px-John_Gould_Emu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4694" data-file-height="2948" /></a><figcaption>Emu and chicks, from The Birds of Australia, John Gould, 1848</figcaption></figure> There are few native natural predators of adult emus still extant. Early in its species history it may have faced numerous terrestrial predators now extinct, including the giant lizard <a href="/wiki/Megalania" title="Megalania">Megalania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Thylacine" title="Thylacine">thylacine</a>, and possibly other <a href="/wiki/Dasyuromorphia" title="Dasyuromorphia">carnivorous marsupials</a>, which may explain their seemingly well-developed ability to defend themselves from terrestrial predators. The main predator of emus today is the <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingo</a>, which was originally introduced by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aboriginals</a> thousands of years ago from a stock of semi-domesticated wolves. Dingoes try to kill the emu by attacking the head. The emu typically tries to repel the dingo by jumping into the air and kicking or stamping the dingo on its way down. The emu jumps as the dingo barely has the capacity to jump high enough to threaten its neck, so a correctly timed leap to coincide with the dingo's lunge can keep its head and neck out of danger.<a href="#cite_note-e29-71">[71]</a> Despite the potential prey-predator relationship, the presence of predaceous dingoes does not appear to heavily influence emu numbers, with other natural conditions just as likely to cause mortality.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wedge-tailed_eagle" title="Wedge-tailed eagle">Wedge-tailed eagles</a> are the only avian predator capable of attacking fully-grown emus, though are perhaps most likely to take small or young specimens. The eagles attack emus by swooping downwards rapidly and at high speed and aiming for the head and neck. In this case, the emu's jumping technique as employed against the dingo is not useful. The birds try to target the emu in the open ground so that it cannot hide behind obstacles. Under such circumstances, the emu runs in a chaotic manner and changes directions frequently to try to evade its attacker.<a href="#cite_note-e29-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> While full-grown adults are rarely preyed upon, <a href="/wiki/Dingo" title="Dingo">dingos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">raptors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perentie" title="Perentie">monitor lizards</a>, introduced <a href="/wiki/Red_fox" title="Red fox">red foxes</a>, feral and domestic dogs, and feral pigs occasionally feed on emu eggs or kill small chicks. Adult males fiercely defend their chicks from predators, especially dingos and foxes.<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-HBWA-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parasites">Parasites</h3></div> Emus can suffer from both external and internal <a href="/wiki/Parasitism" title="Parasitism">parasites</a>, but under farmed conditions are more parasite-free than <a href="/wiki/Ostrich" title="Ostrich">ostriches</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">rheas</a>. External parasites include the louse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dahlemhornia_asymmetrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dahlemhornia asymmetrica (page does not exist)">Dahlemhornia asymmetrica</a> and various other lice, <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">ticks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mite" title="Mite">mites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">flies</a>. Chicks sometimes suffer from intestinal tract infections caused by <a href="/wiki/Coccidia" title="Coccidia">coccidian</a> <a href="/wiki/Protozoa" title="Protozoa">protozoa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematode</a> <a href="/wiki/Trichostrongylus_tenuis" title="Trichostrongylus tenuis">Trichostrongylus tenuis</a> infects the emu as well as a wide range of other birds, causing <a href="/wiki/Haemorrhagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Haemorrhagic">haemorrhagic</a> <a href="/wiki/Diarrhoea" class="mw-redirect" title="Diarrhoea">diarrhoea</a>. Other <a href="/wiki/Nematode" title="Nematode">nematodes</a> are found in the <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchi</a>; <a href="/wiki/Syngamus_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Syngamus trachea">Syngamus trachea</a> causing haemorrhagic <a href="/wiki/Tracheitis" title="Tracheitis">tracheitis</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyathostoma_variegatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyathostoma variegatum (page does not exist)">Cyathostoma variegatum</a> causing serious respiratory problems in juveniles.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_humans">Relationship with humans</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stalking_emu,_ca._1885,_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg/250px-Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg/330px-Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg/500px-Stalking_emu%2C_ca._1885%2C_attributed_to_Tommy_McRae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>Stalking emu, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1885, attributed to Tommy McRae</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_caller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emu_caller.jpg/250px-Emu_caller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emu_caller.jpg/330px-Emu_caller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emu_caller.jpg/500px-Emu_caller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Aboriginal emu caller, used to arouse the curiosity of emus</figcaption></figure> Emus were used as a source of food by indigenous Australians and early European settlers. Emus are inquisitive birds and have been known to approach humans if they see unexpected movement of a limb or piece of clothing. In the wild, they may follow and observe people.<a href="#cite_note-e15-56">[56]</a> Aboriginal Australians used a variety of techniques to catch the birds, including spearing them while they drank at waterholes, catching them in nets, and attracting them by imitating their calls or by arousing their curiosity with a ball of feathers and rags dangled from a tree.<a href="#cite_note-Reader's_Digest-68">[68]</a> The pitchuri thornapple (<a href="/wiki/Duboisia_hopwoodii" title="Duboisia hopwoodii">Duboisia hopwoodii</a>), or some similar poisonous plant, could be used to contaminate a waterhole, after which the disoriented emus were easy to catch. Another stratagem was for the hunter to use a skin as a disguise, and the birds could be lured into a camouflaged pit trap using rags or imitation calls. Aboriginal Australians only killed emus out of necessity, and frowned on anyone who hunted them for any other reason. Every part of the carcass had some use; the fat was harvested for its valuable, multiple-use oil, the bones were shaped into knives and tools, the feathers were used for body adornment and the tendons substituted for string.<a href="#cite_note-e63-75">[75]</a> The early European settlers killed emus to provide food and used their fat for fuelling lamps.<a href="#cite_note-e63-75">[75]</a> They also tried to prevent them from interfering with farming or invading settlements in search of water during drought. An extreme example of this was the <a href="/wiki/Emu_War" title="Emu War">Emu War</a> in Western Australia in 1932. Emus flocked to the <a href="/wiki/Chandler,_Western_Australia" title="Chandler, Western Australia">Chandler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walgoolan,_Western_Australia" title="Walgoolan, Western Australia">Walgoolan</a> area during a dry spell, damaging rabbit fencing and devastating crops. An attempt to drive them off was mounted, with the army called in to dispatch them with machine guns; the emus largely avoided the hunters.<a href="#cite_note-e63-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Emus are large, powerful birds, and their legs are among the strongest of any animal and powerful enough to tear down metal fencing.<a href="#cite_note-e9-36">[36]</a> The birds are very defensive of their young, and there have been two documented cases of humans being attacked by emus.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economic_value">Economic value</h3></div> In the areas in which it was <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a>, the emu was an important source of meat to <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a>. They used the fat as <a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">bush medicine</a> and rubbed it into their skin. It served as a valuable <a href="/wiki/Lubricant" title="Lubricant">lubricant</a>, was used to oil wooden tools and <a href="/wiki/Kitchen_utensil" title="Kitchen utensil">utensils</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Coolamon_(vessel)" title="Coolamon (vessel)">coolamon</a>, and was mixed with <a href="/wiki/Ochre" title="Ochre">ochre</a> to make the traditional paint for ceremonial body <a href="/wiki/Adornment" title="Adornment">adornment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Their eggs were also foraged for food.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> An example of how the emu was cooked comes from the <a href="/wiki/Arrernte_people" title="Arrernte people">Arrernte</a> of Central Australia who called it Kere ankerre: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote">Emus are around all the time, in green times and dry times. You pluck the feathers out first, then pull out the crop from the stomach, and put in the feathers you've pulled out, and then singe it on the fire. You wrap the milk guts that you've pulled out into something [such as] gum leaves and cook them. When you've got the fat off, you cut the meat up and cook it on fire made from <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus_camaldulensis" title="Eucalyptus camaldulensis">river red gum</a> wood.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Farmed emu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg/220px-Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg/330px-Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg/440px-Feeding_farmed_Emu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Farmed emu being grain fed</figcaption></figure> The birds were a food and fuel source for early European settlers, and are now farmed, in Australia and elsewhere, for their meat, <a href="/wiki/Emu_oil" title="Emu oil">oil</a> and leather. Commercial emu farming started in Western Australia around 1970.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The commercial industry in the country is based on stock bred in captivity, and all states except Tasmania have licensing requirements to protect wild emus. Outside Australia, emus are farmed on a large scale in North America, with about 1 million birds in the US,<a href="#cite_note-USDA-83">[83]</a> Peru, and China, and to a lesser extent in some other countries. Emus breed well in captivity, and are kept in large open pens to avoid the leg and digestive problems that arise from inactivity. They are typically fed on grain supplemented by grazing, and are slaughtered at 15 to 18 months.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Salem_district" title="Salem district">Salem district</a> administration in India advised farmers in 2012 not to invest in the emu business which was being heavily promoted at the time; further investigation was needed to assess the profitability of farming the birds in India.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In the United States, it was reported in 2013 that many ranchers had left the emu business; it was estimated that the number of growers had dropped from over five thousand in 1998 to one or two thousand in 2013. The remaining growers increasingly rely on sales of oil for their profit, although, leather, eggs, and meat are also sold.<a href="#cite_note-NYT02713-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baudin_emus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baudin_emus.jpg/250px-Baudin_emus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baudin_emus.jpg/330px-Baudin_emus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Baudin_emus.jpg/500px-Baudin_emus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1614" /></a><figcaption>1807 plate showing now extinct island emus taken to France for breeding purposes in 1804</figcaption></figure> Emus are farmed primarily for their meat, leather, feathers and oil, and 95% of the carcass can be used.<a href="#cite_note-USDA-83">[83]</a> Emu meat is a low-fat product (less than 1.5% fat), and is comparable to other lean meats. Most of the usable portions (the best cuts come from the thigh and the larger muscles of the drum or lower leg) are, like other <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a>, dark meat; emu meat is considered for cooking purposes by the US <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> to be a <a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">red meat</a> because its red colour and <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> value approximate that of beef,<a href="#cite_note-USDA-83">[83]</a> but for inspection purposes it is considered to be poultry. Emu fat is rendered to produce oil for cosmetics, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplements</a>, and therapeutic products.<a href="#cite_note-h1276-87">[87]</a> The oil is obtained from the subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat; the macerated adipose tissue is heated and the liquefied fat is filtered to get a clear oil.<a href="#cite_note-h1276-87">[87]</a> This consists mainly of <a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">fatty acids</a> of which <a href="/wiki/Oleic_acid" title="Oleic acid">oleic acid</a> (42%), <a href="/wiki/Linoleic_acid" title="Linoleic acid">linoleic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palmitic_acid" title="Palmitic acid">palmitic acids</a> (21% each) are the most prominent components.<a href="#cite_note-h1276-87">[87]</a> It also contains various <a href="/wiki/Anti-oxidant" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-oxidant">anti-oxidants</a>, notably <a href="/wiki/Carotenoid" title="Carotenoid">carotenoids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flavones" title="Flavones">flavones</a>.<a href="#cite_note-h1276-87">[87]</a> There is some evidence that the oil has <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> properties;<a href="#cite_note-yog-88">[88]</a> however, there have not yet been extensive tests,<a href="#cite_note-h1276-87">[87]</a> and the USDA regards pure emu oil as an unapproved drug and highlighted it in a 2009 article entitled "How to Spot Health Fraud".<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> Nevertheless, the oil has been linked to the easing of gastrointestinal inflammation, and tests on rats have shown that it has a significant effect in treating <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> and joint pain, more so than olive or fish oils.<a href="#cite_note-avian-90">[90]</a> It has been scientifically shown to improve the rate of wound healing, but the mechanism responsible for this effect is not understood.<a href="#cite_note-avian-90">[90]</a> A 2008 study has claimed that emu oil has a better anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential than ostrich oil, and linked this to emu oil's higher proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids.<a href="#cite_note-yog-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-avian-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> While there are no scientific studies showing that emu oil is effective in humans, it is marketed and promoted as a dietary supplement with a wide variety of claimed health benefits. Commercially marketed emu oil supplements are poorly standardised.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg/250px-Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg/330px-Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg/500px-Engraved_Emu_egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Engraved Emu egg.</figcaption></figure> Emu <a href="/wiki/Leather" title="Leather">leather</a> has a distinctive patterned surface, due to a raised area around the feather <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">follicles</a> in the skin; the leather is used in such items as <a href="/wiki/Wallet" title="Wallet">wallets</a>, handbags, shoes and clothes,<a href="#cite_note-NYT02713-86">[86]</a> often in combination with other leathers. The feathers and eggs are used in decorative arts and <a href="/wiki/Craft" title="Craft">crafts</a>. In particular, emptied emu eggs have been engraved with portraits, similar to <a href="/wiki/Cameo_(carving)" title="Cameo (carving)">cameos</a>, and scenes of Australian native animals.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> Mounted Emu eggs and emu-egg containers in the form of hundreds of goblets, inkstands and vases were produced in the second half of the nineteenth century, all richly embellished with images of Australian flora, fauna and indigenous people by travelling silversmiths, founders of a 'new Australian grammar of ornament'.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> They continued longstanding traditions that can be traced back to the European mounted ostrich eggs of the thirteenth century and Christian symbolism and notions of virginity, fertility, faith and strength. For a society of proud settlers who sought to bring culture and civilisation to their new world, the traditional ostrich-egg goblet, freed from its roots in a society dominated by court culture,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> was creatively made novel in the Australian colonies as forms and functions were invented to make the objects attractive to a new, broader audience.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> Significant designers Adolphus Blau, Julius Hogarth, Ernest Leviny, Julius Schomburgk, Johann Heinrich Steiner, Christian Quist, <a href="/wiki/J._M._Wendt" title="J. M. Wendt">Joachim Matthias Wendt</a>, William Edwards and others<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> had the technical training on which to build flourishing businesses in a country rich in raw materials and a clientele hungry for old-world paraphernalia.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In addition to their use in farming, emus are sometimes kept as pets, though they require adequate space and food in order to live healthily. Emus were formerly subject to regulation in the United Kingdom under the <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Wild_Animals_Act_1976" title="Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976">Dangerous Wild Animals Act</a>; however, a review of the act in 2007 led to changes that allow emus (alongside a number of other animals that were also regulated under the act) to be kept without a license, as they were no longer considered to be dangerous.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_references">Cultural references</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:352px;max-width:352px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:350px;max-width:350px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:77px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_public.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emu_public.jpg/348px-Emu_public.jpg" decoding="async" width="348" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Emu_public.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="89" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:208px;max-width:208px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:159px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg/250px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="206" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg/330px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg/500px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Commonwealth_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;;height:159px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Australianstamp_1505.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Australianstamp_1505.jpg/250px-Australianstamp_1505.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Australianstamp_1505.jpg/330px-Australianstamp_1505.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="592" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Top: The "<a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy#Emu_in_the_sky" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Emu in the sky</a>". In Western astronomy terms, <a href="/wiki/Crux" title="Crux">Southern Cross</a> is on the right; <a href="/wiki/Scorpius" title="Scorpius">Scorpius</a> on the left; the emu's head is the <a href="/wiki/Coalsack_Nebula" title="Coalsack Nebula">Coalsack</a>. Bottom left: Coat of arms of Australia. Bottom right: The emu on a postage stamp of Australia issued in 1942.</div></div></div></div> The emu has a prominent place in <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">Australian Aboriginal mythology</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">creation myth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gamilaraay_language" title="Gamilaraay language">Yuwaalaraay</a> and other groups in New South Wales who say that the sun was made by throwing an emu's egg into the sky; the bird features in numerous <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">aetiological</a> stories told across a number of Aboriginal groups.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> One story from Western Australia holds that a man once annoyed a small bird, who responded by throwing a <a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">boomerang</a>, severing the arms of the man and transforming him into a flightless emu.<a href="#cite_note-e60-103">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kurdaitcha" title="Kurdaitcha">Kurdaitcha</a> man of Central Australia is said to wear sandals made of emu feathers to mask his footprints. Many Aboriginal language groups throughout Australia have a tradition that the dark dust lanes in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> represent a giant <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy#Emu_in_the_sky" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">emu in the sky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Several of the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_rock_engravings" title="Sydney rock engravings">Sydney rock engravings</a> depict emus,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> and the birds are mimicked in Indigenous dances.<a href="#cite_note-e62-107">[107]</a> Hunting emus, known as kari in the <a href="/wiki/Kaurna_language" title="Kaurna language">Kaurna language</a>, features in the major <a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">Dreaming</a> story of the <a href="/wiki/Kaurna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaurna people">Kaurna people</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> region about the ancestor hero <a href="/wiki/Tjilbruke" title="Tjilbruke">Tjilbruke</a>. The emu is popularly but Unofficially considered as a faunal emblem – the <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_birds" title="List of national birds">national bird</a> of Australia.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-CoatArms-109">[109]</a> It appears as a shield bearer on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Australia" title="Coat of arms of Australia">Coat of arms of Australia</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Red_kangaroo" title="Red kangaroo">red kangaroo</a>, and as a part of the Arms also appears on the Australian <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_the_Australian_dollar" title="Coins of the Australian dollar">50-cent coin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CoatArms-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-50Cents-110">[110]</a> It has featured on numerous Australian <a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">postage stamps</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">pre-federation</a> New South Wales 100th Anniversary issue from 1888, which featured a 2 <a href="/wiki/Penny" title="Penny">pence</a> blue emu stamp, a 36-cent stamp released in 1986, and a $1.35 stamp released in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-Stamp-111">[111]</a> The hats of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Light_Horse" title="Australian Light Horse">Australian Light Horse</a> are decorated with emu feather plumes.<a href="#cite_note-LightHorse-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Trademarks of early Australian companies using the emu included Webbenderfer Bros frame mouldings (1891), Mac Robertson Chocolate and Cocoa (1893), Dyason and Son Emu Brand Cordial Sauce (1894), James Allard Pottery Wares (1906), and rope manufacturers G. Kinnear and Sons Pty. Ltd. still use it on some of their products.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> There are around six hundred <a href="/wiki/Gazetteer_of_Australia" title="Gazetteer of Australia">gazetted</a> places in Australia with "emu" in their title, including mountains, lakes, hills, plains, creeks and waterholes.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> During the 19th and 20th centuries, many Australian companies and household products were named after the bird. In Western Australia, <a href="/wiki/Emu_(beer)" title="Emu (beer)">Emu beer</a> has been produced since the early 20th century and the <a href="/wiki/Swan_Brewery" title="Swan Brewery">Swan Brewery</a> continues to produce a range of beers branded as "Emu".<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The quarterly peer-reviewed journal of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_Ornithologists_Union" title="Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union">Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union</a>, also known as Birds Australia, is entitled <a href="/wiki/Emu_(journal)" title="Emu (journal)">Emu: Austral Ornithology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EmuJournal-117">[117]</a> The comedian <a href="/wiki/Rod_Hull" title="Rod Hull">Rod Hull</a> featured a wayward <a href="/wiki/Emu_(puppet)" title="Emu (puppet)">emu puppet</a> in his act for many years and the bird returned to the small screen in the hands of <a href="/wiki/Toby_Hull" title="Toby Hull">his son Toby</a> after the puppeteer's death in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-comeback-118">[118]</a> In 2019, American insurance company <a href="/wiki/Liberty_Mutual" title="Liberty Mutual">Liberty Mutual</a> launched an advertising campaign that features LiMu Emu, a <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a>-rendered emu.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Another popular Emu on social media is Emmanuel, a resident of Knuckle Bump Farms in south Florida. Taylor Blake, the farm's owner, since 2013 has recorded video shorts explaining aspects of the farm and is often interrupted as Emmanuel the Emu <a href="/wiki/Photobomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Photobomb">photobombs</a> her videos earning constant rebukes; the term "Emmanuel don't do it!" has become popular on social media.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status_and_conservation">Status and conservation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tasmanian_Emu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tasmanian_Emu.jpg/250px-Tasmanian_Emu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tasmanian_Emu.jpg/330px-Tasmanian_Emu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tasmanian_Emu.jpg/500px-Tasmanian_Emu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="2616" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Gerrard_Keulemans" title="John Gerrard Keulemans">John Gerrard Keulemans</a>'s (c. 1910) restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_emu" title="Tasmanian emu">Tasmanian emu</a>, one of three subspecies which were hunted out of existence</figcaption></figure> In <a href="/wiki/John_Gould" title="John Gould">John Gould</a>'s Handbook to the Birds of Australia, first published in 1865, he lamented the loss of the emu from Tasmania, where it had become rare and has since become extinct; he noted that emus were no longer common in the vicinity of Sydney and proposed that the species be given protected status.<a href="#cite_note-Gould-13">[13]</a> In the 1930s, emu killings in Western Australia peaked at 57,000, and <a href="/wiki/Culling" title="Culling">culls</a> were also mounted in Queensland during this period due to rampant crop damage. In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Bounty_(reward)" title="Bounty (reward)">bounties</a> were still being paid in Western Australia for killing emus,<a href="#cite_note-e63-75">[75]</a> but since then, wild emus have been granted formal protection under the <a href="/wiki/Environment_Protection_and_Biodiversity_Conservation_Act_1999" title="Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999">Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">[2]</a> Their occurrence range is between 4,240,000 and 6,730,000 km2 (1,640,000–2,600,000 sq mi), and a 1992 census suggested that their total population was between 630,000 and 725,000.<a href="#cite_note-BirdLife-23">[23]</a> Their population trend is thought to be stable and the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a> assesses their conservation status as being of <a href="/wiki/Least-concern_species" title="Least-concern species">least concern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">[2]</a> The isolated emu population of the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_North_Coast" title="New South Wales North Coast">New South Wales North Coast Bioregion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Stephens_Council" title="Port Stephens Council">Port Stephens</a> is listed as endangered by the New South Wales Government.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Although the population of emus on mainland Australia is thought to be higher now than it was before European settlement,<a href="#cite_note-AM-7">[7]</a> some local populations are at risk of extinction. The threats faced by emus include the clearance and fragmentation of areas of suitable habitat, deliberate slaughter, collisions with vehicles and predation of the eggs and young.<a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">[2]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_Australia" title="Birds of Australia">Birds of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emu_War" title="Emu War">Emu War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea (bird)</a>, South American <a href="/wiki/Ratites" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratites">ratites</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPattersonRich1987" class="citation journal cs1">Patterson, C.; Rich, Patricia Vickers (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40781397">"The fossil history of the emus, Dromaius (Aves: Dromaiinae)"</a>. Records of the South Australian Museum. 21: 85–117.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+South+Australian+Museum&rft.atitle=The+fossil+history+of+the+emus%2C+Dromaius+%28Aves%3A+Dromaiinae%29&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E85-%3C%2Fspan%3E117&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Patterson&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Rich%2C+Patricia+Vickers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F40781397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_2-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2018" class="citation journal cs1">BirdLife International (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678117/131902466">"Dromaius novaehollandiae"</a>. <a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. 2018: e.T22678117A131902466. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678117A131902466.en">10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678117A131902466.en</a>. 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London: Printed by John Stockdale. pp. 271–272.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+voyage+of+Governor+Phillip+to+Botany+Bay&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E272&rft.pub=Printed+by+John+Stockdale&rft.date=1789&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fvoyageofgovernor00phil_0%23page%2Fn403%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLatham1790" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/John_Latham_(ornithologist)" title="John Latham (ornithologist)">Latham, John</a> (1790). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1vZAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA665">Index Ornithologicus, Sive Systema Ornithologiae: Complectens Avium Divisionem in Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Ipsarumque Varietates (Volume 2)</a> (in Latin). 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Auk. 44 (4): 592–593. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4074902">10.2307/4074902</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4074902">4074902</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Auk&rft.atitle=Generic+name+of+the+Emu&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E592-%3C%2Fspan%3E593&rft.date=1927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4074902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4074902%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Alexander%2C+W.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsora.unm.edu%2Fnode%2F14236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christidis-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Christidis_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChristidis,_LesBoles,_Walter2008" class="citation book cs1">Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SFP9P1i-PoEC&pg=PA57">Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds</a>. 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(2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073985">"Ancient DNA suggests dwarf and 'giant' emu are conspecific"</a>. PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e18728. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PLoSO...618728H">2011PLoSO...618728H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018728">10.1371/journal.pone.0018728</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073985">3073985</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21494561">21494561</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+suggests+dwarf+and+%27giant%27+emu+are+conspecific&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=e18728&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3073985%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21494561&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0018728&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011PLoSO...618728H&rft.au=Heupink%2C+Tim+H.&rft.au=Huynen%2C+Leon&rft.au=Lambert%2C+David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3073985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BirdLife-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BirdLife_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BirdLife_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200314062602/http://datazone.birdlife.org/home">"Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae"</a>. 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Novitates Zoologicae. XVIII (3): 175–176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novitates+Zoologicae&rft.atitle=Class%3A+Aves%3B+Genus+Dromiceius&rft.volume=XVIII&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E175-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=1912&rft.au=Mathews%2C+Gregory+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F22250%23page%2F199%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=C4C362A9&sec=summary&ssver=1">"Emu (South Eastern): Dromaius novaehollandiae [novaehollandiae or rothschildi] (= Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) (Latham, 1790)"</a>. Avibase. 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Retrieved 5 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avibase&rft.atitle=Emu+%28Northern%29%3A+Dromaius+novaehollandiae+novaehollandiae+%28woodwardi%29+%28%3D+Dromaius+novaehollandiae+woodwardi%29+Mathews%2C+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favibase.bsc-eoc.org%2Fspecies.jsp%3Flang%3DEN%26avibaseid%3DA789F41C%26sec%3Dsummary%26ssver%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=AEA00567&sec=summary&ssver=1">"Emu (South Western): Dromaius novaehollandiae rothschildi Mathews, 1912"</a>. Avibase. Retrieved 5 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avibase&rft.atitle=Emu+%28South+Western%29%3A+Dromaius+novaehollandiae+rothschildi+Mathews%2C+1912&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Favibase.bsc-eoc.org%2Fspecies.jsp%3Flang%3DEN%26avibaseid%3DAEA00567%26sec%3Dsummary%26ssver%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HBWA-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HBWA_30-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBruce1999" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, M.D. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/species/common-emu-dromaius-novaehollandiae">"Common emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)"</a>. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofbirdso0001unse">Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</a>. Lynx Edicions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-25-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-87334-25-2"><bdi>978-84-87334-25-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Common+emu+%28Dromaius+novaehollandiae%29&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+Birds+of+the+World+Alive&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-84-87334-25-2&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=M.D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hbw.com%2Fspecies%2Fcommon-emu-dromaius-novaehollandiae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGill,_FrankDonsker,_David" class="citation web cs1">Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbirdnames.org/updates/subspecies/">"Subspecies Updates"</a>. 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Cengage Learning. p. 908. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-1808-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4283-1808-3"><bdi>978-1-4283-1808-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Livestock+%26+Poultry+Production&rft.pages=908&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4283-1808-3&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+James&rft.au=Flanders%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7Z9o_vGPP4cC%26pg%3DPA908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-S._Davies-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Davies_33-13">n</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStephen_Davies2002" class="citation book cs1">Stephen Davies (2002). 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-854996-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-854996-3"><bdi>978-0-19-854996-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ratites+and+Tinamous&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-854996-3&rft.au=Stephen+Davies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e6-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e6_34-5">f</a> Eastman, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPatak,_A.E.Baldwin,_J.1998" class="citation journal cs1">Patak, A.E.; Baldwin, J. (1998). "Pelvic limb musculature in the emu Dromaius novaehollandiae (Aves : Struthioniformes: Dromaiidae): Adaptations to high-speed running". Journal of Morphology. 238 (1): 23–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4687%28199810%29238%3A1%3C23%3A%3AAID-JMOR2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199810)238:1<23::AID-JMOR2>3.0.CO;2-O</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9768501">9768501</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44693723">44693723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Morphology&rft.atitle=Pelvic+limb+musculature+in+the+emu+Dromaius+novaehollandiae+%28Aves+%3A+Struthioniformes%3A+Dromaiidae%29%3A+Adaptations+to+high-speed+running&rft.volume=238&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E37&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A44693723%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9768501&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4687%28199810%29238%3A1%3C23%3A%3AAID-JMOR2%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O&rft.au=Patak%2C+A.E.&rft.au=Baldwin%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e9-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e9_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e9_36-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e9_36-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e9_36-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e9_36-4">e</a> Eastman, p. 9. </li> <li id="cite_note-e7-37"><a href="#cite_ref-e7_37-0">^</a> Eastman, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150718231953/http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/world/EMUS-vs-OSTRICHES%20.html#cr">"Emus vs. Ostriches"</a>. 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Journal of Thermal Biology. 20 (5): 381–387. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JTBio..20..381M">1995JTBio..20..381M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0306-4565%2894%2900073-R">10.1016/0306-4565(94)00073-R</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Thermal+Biology&rft.atitle=The+heat+load+from+solar+radiation+on+a+large%2C+diurnally+active+bird%2C+the+emu+%28Dromaius+novaehollandiae%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E381-%3C%2Fspan%3E387&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0306-4565%2894%2900073-R&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995JTBio..20..381M&rft.au=Maloney%2C+S.K.&rft.au=Dawson%2C+T.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Eastman, pp. 5–6. </li> <li id="cite_note-e23-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-e23_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e23_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e23_41-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-e23_41-3">d</a> Eastman, p. 23. </li> <li id="cite_note-Coddington-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coddington_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coddington_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coddington_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coddington_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCoddington,_Catherine_L.Cockburn,_Andrew1995" class="citation journal cs1">Coddington, Catherine L.; Cockburn, Andrew (1995). 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Bibliobazaar. pp. 270–275. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-0059-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8154-0059-2"><bdi>978-0-8154-0059-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Australia&rft.btitle=Oceanic+Mythology&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E270-%3C%2Fspan%3E275&rft.pub=Bibliobazaar&rft.date=1916&rft.isbn=978-0-8154-0059-2&rft.au=Dixon%2C+Roland+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fpac%2Fom%2Fom25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e60-103"><a href="#cite_ref-e60_103-0">^</a> Eastman, p. 60. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> Norris, R. P., & Hamacher, D. W. (2010). Astronomical symbolism in Australian Aboriginal rock art. arXiv preprint arXiv:1009.4753. </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> Norris, R. (2008). Emu Dreaming:[The Milky Way and other heavenly bodies have been inspiration for a rich Aboriginal culture.]. Australasian Science, 29(4), 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorrisHamacher2010" class="citation journal cs1">Norris, Ray P.; Hamacher, Duane W. (2010). "Astronomical Symbolism in Australian Aboriginal Rock Art". Rock Art Research. 28 (1): 99. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1009.4753">1009.4753</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011RArtR..28...99N">2011RArtR..28...99N</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rock+Art+Research&rft.atitle=Astronomical+Symbolism+in+Australian+Aboriginal+Rock+Art&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=99&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1009.4753&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011RArtR..28...99N&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Ray+P.&rft.au=Hamacher%2C+Duane+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-e62-107"><a href="#cite_ref-e62_107-0">^</a> Eastman, p. 62. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRobin,_Libby,_1956–Joseph,_LeoHeinsohn,_RobertProQuest_(Firm)2009" class="citation cs2">Robin, Libby, 1956–; Joseph, Leo; Heinsohn, Robert; ProQuest (Firm) (2009), Boom & bust : bird stories for a dry country, CSIRO Pub, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09709-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-643-09709-4"><bdi>978-0-643-09709-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boom+%26+bust+%3A+bird+stories+for+a+dry+country&rft.pub=CSIRO+Pub&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-643-09709-4&rft.au=Robin%2C+Libby%2C+1956%E2%80%93&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Leo&rft.au=Heinsohn%2C+Robert&rft.au=ProQuest+%28Firm%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-CoatArms-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CoatArms_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CoatArms_109-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dfat.gov.au/about-australia/land-its-people/Pages/australias-national-symbols.aspx">"Australia's National Symbols"</a>. Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia%27s+National+Symbols&rft.pub=Department+of+Foreign+Affairs+and+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdfat.gov.au%2Fabout-australia%2Fland-its-people%2FPages%2Faustralias-national-symbols.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50Cents-110"><a href="#cite_ref-50Cents_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ramint.gov.au/designs/ram-designs/50c.cfm">"Fifty cents"</a>. Royal Australian Mint. 2010. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fifty+cents&rft.pub=Royal+Australian+Mint&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramint.gov.au%2Fdesigns%2Fram-designs%2F50c.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stamp-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Stamp_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001019193717/http://www.bird-stamps.org/cspecies/400100.htm">"Emu Stamps"</a>. Bird stamps. Birdlife International. Archived from the original on 19 October 2000. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bird+stamps&rft.atitle=Emu+Stamps&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bird-stamps.org%2Fcspecies%2F400100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LightHorse-112"><a href="#cite_ref-LightHorse_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lighthorse.org.au/resources/military-stories-misc/tabulam-and-the-light-horse-tradition">"Tabulam and the Light Horse Tradition"</a>. Australian Light Horse Association. 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tabulam+and+the+Light+Horse+Tradition&rft.pub=Australian+Light+Horse+Association&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lighthorse.org.au%2Fresources%2Fmilitary-stories-misc%2Ftabulam-and-the-light-horse-tradition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> Marti, S. (2018). "The Symbol of Our Nation": The Slouch Hat, the First World War, and Australian Identity. Journal of Australian Studies, 42(1), 3–18. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCozzolino,_MimmoRutherford,_G._Fysh_(Graeme_Fysh),_1947–2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mimmo_Cozzolino" title="Mimmo Cozzolino">Cozzolino, Mimmo</a>; Rutherford, G. Fysh (Graeme Fysh), 1947– (2000), Symbols of Australia (20th anniversary ed.), Mimmo Cozzolino, p. 62, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-40309-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-40309-0"><bdi>978-0-646-40309-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symbols+of+Australia&rft.pages=62&rft.edition=20th+anniversary&rft.pub=Mimmo+Cozzolino&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-646-40309-0&rft.au=Cozzolino%2C+Mimmo&rft.au=Rutherford%2C+G.+Fysh+%28Graeme+Fysh%29%2C+1947%E2%80%93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121209083415/http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/gazm01?placename=emu&placetype=0&state=0">"Place Names Search Result"</a>. Geoscience Australia. 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/gazm01?placename=emu&placetype=0&state=0">the original</a> on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Place+Names+Search+Result&rft.pub=Geoscience+Australia&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ga.gov.au%2Fbin%2Fgazm01%3Fplacename%3Demu%26placetype%3D0%26state%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpiller,_GeoffNorton,_Suzanna2003" class="citation book cs1">Spiller, Geoff; Norton, Suzanna (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9FSCAAAACAAJ">Micro-Breweries to Monopolies and Back: Swan River Colony Breweries 1829–2002</a>. Western Australian Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-920843-01-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-920843-01-4"><bdi>978-1-920843-01-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micro-Breweries+to+Monopolies+and+Back%3A+Swan+River+Colony+Breweries+1829%E2%80%932002&rft.pub=Western+Australian+Museum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-920843-01-4&rft.au=Spiller%2C+Geoff&rft.au=Norton%2C+Suzanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9FSCAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EmuJournal-117"><a href="#cite_ref-EmuJournal_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/96.htm">"Emu: Austral Ornithology"</a>. Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union. 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emu%3A+Austral+Ornithology&rft.pub=Royal+Australasian+Ornithologists%27+Union&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publish.csiro.au%2Fnid%2F96.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-comeback-118"><a href="#cite_ref-comeback_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5059196.stm">"Emu set for television comeback"</a>. BBC News. 8 June 2006. Retrieved 18 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Emu+set+for+television+comeback&rft.date=2006-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2F5059196.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertymutualgroup.com/about-lm/news/news-release-archive/articles/introducing-limu-emu-and-doug">"Introducing LiMu Emu and Doug, the Dynamic Duo of the Insurance World Starring in New Liberty Mutual Ad Campaign"</a> (Press release). Liberty Mutual Insurance. 25 February 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introducing+LiMu+Emu+and+Doug%2C+the+Dynamic+Duo+of+the+Insurance+World+Starring+in+New+Liberty+Mutual+Ad+Campaign&rft.pub=Liberty+Mutual+Insurance&rft.date=2019-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertymutualgroup.com%2Fabout-lm%2Fnews%2Fnews-release-archive%2Farticles%2Fintroducing-limu-emu-and-doug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mymodernmet.com/emmanuel-the-emu-knuckle-bump-farms/">Emmanuel Is Now the Most Famous Emu in the World for Knocking Over the Camera Every Time His Owner Is Filming</a> My Modern Met </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/threatenedSpeciesApp/profile.aspx?id=10250">"Emu population in the NSW North Coast Bioregion and Port Stephens LGA"</a>. New South Wales: Office of Environment and Heritage. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emu+population+in+the+NSW+North+Coast+Bioregion+and+Port+Stephens+LGA&rft.pub=New+South+Wales%3A+Office+of+Environment+and+Heritage&rft.date=2012-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.nsw.gov.au%2FthreatenedSpeciesApp%2Fprofile.aspx%3Fid%3D10250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_sources">General and cited sources</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEastman,_Maxine1969" class="citation book cs1">Eastman, Maxine (1969). The Life of the Emu. Angus and Robertson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-207-95120-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-207-95120-6"><bdi>978-0-207-95120-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Emu&rft.pub=Angus+and+Robertson&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-207-95120-6&rft.au=Eastman%2C+Maxine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/emu" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:emu">emu</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Emeu">"Emeu" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emeu&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEmu" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Casuariiformes_(cassowaries_and_emus)109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Casuariiformes" title="Template:Casuariiformes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Casuariiformes" title="Template talk:Casuariiformes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Casuariiformes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Casuariiformes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Casuariiformes_(cassowaries_and_emus)109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Casuariiformes" title="Casuariiformes">Casuariiformes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">cassowaries</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">emus</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Casuariidae" title="Casuariidae">Casuariidae</a> (cassowaries)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Casuarius17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Casuarius" class="mw-redirect" title="Casuarius">Casuarius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_cassowary" title="Southern cassowary">Southern cassowary (C. casuarius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_cassowary" title="Dwarf cassowary">Dwarf cassowary (C. bennetti)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_cassowary" title="Northern cassowary">Northern cassowary (C. unappendiculatus)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Casuarius_lydekkeri" title="Casuarius lydekkeri">C. lydekkeri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dromaiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Dromaiidae">Dromaiidae</a> (emus)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Dromaius" title="Dromaius">Dromaius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emu (D. novaehollandiae)</a> (subspecies: †<a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_emu" title="Tasmanian emu">Tasmanian emu (D. n. diemenensis)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_emu" title="Kangaroo Island emu">Kangaroo Island emu (D. n. baudinianus)</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/King_Island_emu" title="King Island emu">King Island emu (D. n. minor)</a>)</li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dromaius_ocypus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dromaius ocypus (page does not exist)">D. ocypus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">†<a href="/wiki/Emuarius" title="Emuarius">Emuarius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Emuarius_guljaruba" class="mw-redirect" title="Emuarius guljaruba">E. guljaruba</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Emuarius_gidju" class="mw-redirect" title="Emuarius gidju">E. gidju</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Meat509" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Meat" title="Template:Meat"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Meat" title="Template talk:Meat"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Meat" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Meat"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Meat509" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">Meat</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">Poultry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassowary" title="Cassowary">Cassowary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_as_food" title="Chicken as food">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_as_food" title="Duck as food">Duck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_as_food" title="Goose as food">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrich_meat" title="Ostrich meat">Ostrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squab" title="Squab">Pigeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quail_as_food" title="Quail as food">Quail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(bird)" title="Rhea (bird)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_meat" title="Turkey meat">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:FoodMeat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Food meat"><img alt="Food meat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/120px-FoodMeat.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/FoodMeat.jpg/250px-FoodMeat.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2888" data-file-height="1916" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Platter of seafood"><img alt="Platter of seafood" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/120px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg/250px-Plateau_van_zeevruchten.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="2029" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beefalo" title="Beefalo">Beefalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">Bison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_meat" title="Buffalo meat">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Camel meat">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_meat" title="Cat meat">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goat_meat" title="Goat meat">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_meat" title="Donkey meat">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Snails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_legs" title="Frog legs">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea_pig" title="Guinea pig">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_meat" title="Horse meat">Horse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamb_and_mutton" title="Lamb and mutton">Lamb and mutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llama" title="Llama">Llama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veal" title="Veal">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak" title="Yak">Yak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBubro%C5%84" title="Żubroń">Żubroń</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_meat" title="Alligator meat">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_as_food" title="Bat as food">Bat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_hunting" title="Bear hunting">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Boar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Crocodile meat">Crocodile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_meat" title="Elephant meat">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox#As_food" title="Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguana_meat" title="Iguana meat">Iguana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_meat" title="Kangaroo meat">Kangaroo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_meat" title="Monkey meat">Monkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouse#As_food" title="Mouse">Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangolin_trade" title="Pangolin trade">Pangolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_meat" title="Rat meat">Rat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare" title="Hare">Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbit#As_food_and_clothing" title="Rabbit">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake#Consumption" title="Snake">Snake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">Venison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_meat" title="Dog meat">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_hunting" title="Wolf hunting">Wolf</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fish_as_food" title="Fish as food">Fish</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchovies_as_food" title="Anchovies as food">Anchovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basa_(fish)" title="Basa (fish)">Basa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">Bass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carp#As_food" title="Carp">Carp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catfish" title="Catfish">Catfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Cod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crappie" title="Crappie">Crappie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eel_as_food" title="Eel as food">Eel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">Flounder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">Grouper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddock" title="Haddock">Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halibut" title="Halibut">Halibut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herring_as_food" title="Herring as food">Herring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_mackerel" title="King mackerel">Kingfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackerel_as_food" title="Mackerel as food">Mackerel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi-mahi" title="Mahi-mahi">Mahi Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlin" title="Marlin">Marlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkfish" title="Milkfish">Milkfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_roughy" title="Orange roughy">Orange roughy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_saury" title="Pacific saury">Pacific saury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esox" title="Esox">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cod_as_food" title="Cod as food">Pollock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_as_food" title="Salmon as food">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardines_as_food" title="Sardines as food">Sardine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shark_meat" title="Shark meat">Shark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(fish)" title="Sole (fish)">Sole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridescent_shark" title="Iridescent shark">Swai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordfish" title="Swordfish">Swordfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilapia" title="Tilapia">Tilapia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">Trout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuna_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuna as food">Tuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walleye" title="Walleye">Walleye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shellfish" title="Shellfish">Shellfish</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abalone" title="Abalone">Abalone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squid_as_food" title="Squid as food">Calamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiton" title="Chiton">Chiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">Clam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_meat" title="Crab meat">Crab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crayfish_as_food" title="Crayfish as food">Crayfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin" title="Dolphin">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobster_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Lobster as food">Lobster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">Mussel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octopus_as_food" title="Octopus as food">Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">Oyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">Scallop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_meat" title="Seal meat">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrimp_and_prawn_as_food" title="Shrimp and prawn as food">Shrimp/prawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_cucumbers_as_food" title="Sea cucumbers as food">Sea cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_urchin#As_food" title="Sea urchin">Sea urchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_meat" title="Whale meat">Whale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea#Culinary" title="Ascidiacea">Sea squirt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jellyfish_as_food" title="Jellyfish as food">Jellyfish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insects_as_food" title="Insects as food">Insects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant_eggs" title="Ant eggs">Ants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetia_illucens" title="Hermetia illucens">Black soldier fly maggots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">Cicada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_(insect)" title="Cricket (insect)">Crickets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_flour" title="Cricket flour">Flour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper" title="Grasshopper">Grasshoppers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Locust" title="Locust">locust</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mealworm" title="Mealworm">Mealworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezcal_worm" title="Mezcal worm">Mezcal worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombyx_mori" title="Bombyx mori">Silkworm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonimbrasia_belina" title="Gonimbrasia belina">Mopane worm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhynchophorus" title="Rhynchophorus">Palm grub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cuts and preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_hanging" title="Meat hanging">Aged</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">Barbecued</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltong" title="Biltong">Biltong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braising" title="Braising">Braised</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patty" title="Patty">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcuterie" title="Charcuterie">Charcuterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_chop" title="Meat chop">Chop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confit#Meat_confit" title="Confit">Confit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corned_beef" title="Corned beef">Corned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curing_(food_preservation)" title="Curing (food preservation)">Cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlet" title="Cutlet">Cutlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_meat" title="Dried meat">Dried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dum_pukht" title="Dum pukht">Dum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_meat" title="Fermented meat">Fermented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fillet_(cut)" title="Fillet (cut)">Fillet</a>/<a href="/wiki/Supreme_(cooking)" title="Supreme (cooking)">supreme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forcemeat" title="Forcemeat">Forcemeat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretons" title="Cretons">Cretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2t%C3%A9" title="Pâté">Pâté</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frying" title="Frying">Fried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frozen_food" title="Frozen food">Frozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_meat" title="Ground meat">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ham" title="Ham">Ham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerky" title="Jerky">Jerky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">Kebab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidney_(food)" title="Kidney (food)">Kidney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_(food)" title="Liver (food)">Liver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunch_meat" title="Lunch meat">Luncheon meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marinated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">Meatloaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">Pickled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemmican" title="Pemmican">Pemmican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poaching_(cooking)" title="Poaching (cooking)">Poached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potted_meat" title="Potted meat">Potted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rillettes" title="Rillettes">Rillettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roasting" title="Roasting">Roasted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)#Meat" title="Salting (food)">Salt-cured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumi" title="Salumi">Salumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausage" title="Sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_meat" title="Smoked meat">Smoked</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak" title="Steak">Steak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stew#Types_of_stew" title="Stew">Stewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoor" title="Tandoor">Tandoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_tartare" title="Steak tartare">Tartare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_dishes" title="List of meat dishes">Meat dishes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beef_dishes" title="List of beef dishes">Beef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_dishes" title="List of chicken dishes">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_dishes" title="List of fish dishes">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_dishes" title="List of goat dishes">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lamb_dishes" title="List of lamb dishes">Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pork_dishes" title="List of pork dishes">Pork</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ham_dishes" title="List of ham dishes">Ham</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seafood_dishes" title="List of seafood dishes">Seafood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_veal_dishes" title="List of veal dishes">Veal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_steak_dishes" title="List of steak dishes">Steaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meatball_dishes" title="List of meatball dishes">Meatball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_smoked_foods" title="List of smoked foods">Smoked foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sausage_dishes" title="List of sausage dishes">Sausage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_consumption" title="List of countries by meat consumption">Countries by meat consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_meat_production" title="List of countries by meat production">Countries by meat production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_prohibitions" title="Food and drink prohibitions">Food and drink prohibitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">Meat substitutes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics and psychology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat" title="Psychology of eating meat">Psychology of eating meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_eating_meat#Meat_paradox" title="Psychology of eating meat">Meat paradox</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alternatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_science" title="Meat science">Meat science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_hormone_controversy" title="Beef hormone controversy">Beef hormone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drip_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Drip loss">Drip loss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feed_conversion_ratio" title="Feed conversion ratio">Feed conversion ratio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">Preservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_tenderness" title="Meat tenderness">Tenderness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_water_holding_capacity" title="Meat water holding capacity">Water holding capacity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_industry" title="Meat industry">Meat industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_broker" title="Meat broker">Broker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_house_(building)" title="Branch house (building)">Branch house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butcher" title="Butcher">Butcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_cutter" title="Meat cutter">Cutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_animal_agriculture" title="Environmental impacts of animal agriculture">Environmental impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_animal_farming" title="Intensive animal farming">Factory farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_jobber" title="Meat jobber">Jobber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-packing_industry" title="Meat-packing industry">Packing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_slaughter" title="Animal slaughter">Slaughter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slaughterhouse" title="Slaughterhouse">Slaughterhouse</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arachnophagy" title="Arachnophagy">Arachnophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_cannibalism" title="Human cannibalism">Cannibalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case-ready_meat" title="Case-ready meat">Case-ready meat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meat_diaper" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat diaper">Meat diaper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultured_meat" title="Cultured meat">Cultured meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbled_meat" title="Marbled meat">Marbled</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_marbling" title="Artificial marbling">Artificial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystery_meat" title="Mystery meat">Mystery meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offal" title="Offal">Offal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vegetarian_food_in_India" title="Non-vegetarian food in India">Non-vegetarian food in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_slime" title="Pink slime">Pink slime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_meat" title="Raw meat">Raw meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_meat" title="Red meat">Red meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadkill_cuisine" title="Roadkill cuisine">Roadkill cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warmed-over_flavor" title="Warmed-over flavor">Warmed-over flavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_meat" title="White meat">White meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/20px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/40px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/20px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/40px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Meat" title="Category:Meat">Category: Meat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers4547" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers4547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Dromaius novaehollandiae</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93208" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q93208">Q93208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dromaius_novaehollandiae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Dromaius novaehollandiae">Dromaius novaehollandiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Dromaius_novaehollandiae/">Dromaius_novaehollandiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Dromaius_novaehollandiae">Dromaius_novaehollandiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/emu/dromaius-novaehollandiae/">dromaius-novaehollandiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avibase" title="Avibase">Avibase</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=FD2456D503016C33">FD2456D503016C33</a></li> <li>BioLib: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id8317">8317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22678117">22678117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BirdLife_Australia" title="BirdLife Australia">BirdLife-Australia</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdlife.org.au/bird-profile/emu">emu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=30406">30406</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World" title="Birds of the World">BOW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/emu1">emu1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EBird" title="EBird">eBird</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebird.org/species/emu1">emu1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/45517716">45517716</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/DRUSNO">DRUSNO</a></li> <li>Featherbase: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.featherbase.info/en/species/Dromaius/novaehollandiae">novaehollandiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2495134">2495134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/20504">20504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=11282884">11282884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174385">174385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/22678117">22678117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0020975290">NHMSYS0020975290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=8790">8790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/70132/">70132</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=829513">829513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=53353">53353</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=6186">6186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Dromaius-novaehollandiae">Dromaius-novaehollandiae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox1483" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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