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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Survista" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Survista"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Survista</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Survista-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Etimologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structuraziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structuraziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structuraziun</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structuraziun-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Structuraziun umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structuraziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Divisiun_da_las_Alps_en_duas_parts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divisiun_da_las_Alps_en_duas_parts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Divisiun da las Alps en duas parts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divisiun_da_las_Alps_en_duas_parts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tripartiziun_da_las_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tripartiziun_da_las_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Tripartiziun da las Alps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripartiziun_da_las_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autras_sutdivisiun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autras_sutdivisiun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Autras sutdivisiun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autras_sutdivisiun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chadainas_e_gruppas_da_muntognas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chadainas_e_gruppas_da_muntognas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Chadainas e gruppas da muntognas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chadainas_e_gruppas_da_muntognas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Chadainas e gruppas da muntognas umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chadainas_e_gruppas_da_muntognas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alps_da_l’Ost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alps_da_l’Ost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Alps da l’Ost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alps_da_l’Ost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alps_dal_Vest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alps_dal_Vest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Alps dal Vest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alps_dal_Vest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unitads_entaifer_las_Alps_dal_Vest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitads_entaifer_las_Alps_dal_Vest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Unitads entaifer las Alps dal Vest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitads_entaifer_las_Alps_dal_Vest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Geologia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unitads_grondas_geologicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unitads_grondas_geologicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Unitads grondas geologicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unitads_grondas_geologicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Furmaziun_da_las_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Furmaziun_da_las_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Furmaziun da las Alps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Furmaziun_da_las_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Process_da_la_tectonica_da_plattas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Process_da_la_tectonica_da_plattas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Process da la tectonica da plattas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Process_da_la_tectonica_da_plattas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia_da_la_sedimentaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_da_la_sedimentaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Istorgia da la sedimentaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_da_la_sedimentaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L’elevaziun_e_furmaziun_cuntinuescha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L’elevaziun_e_furmaziun_cuntinuescha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>L’elevaziun e furmaziun cuntinuescha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L’elevaziun_e_furmaziun_cuntinuescha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interdependenza_tranter_la_cumposiziun_da_la_crappa_e_la_furma_da_la_surfatscha" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interdependenza_tranter_la_cumposiziun_da_la_crappa_e_la_furma_da_la_surfatscha"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Interdependenza tranter la cumposiziun da la crappa e la furma da la surfatscha</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interdependenza_tranter_la_cumposiziun_da_la_crappa_e_la_furma_da_la_surfatscha-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clima-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Clima umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caracteristicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Caracteristicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regiuns_climaticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regiuns_climaticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Regiuns climaticas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regiuns_climaticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequenzas_dal_stgaudament_global_per_las_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequenzas_dal_stgaudament_global_per_las_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Consequenzas dal stgaudament global per las Alps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consequenzas_dal_stgaudament_global_per_las_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_schelira_permanenta_che_sdreglia;_pli_grondas_quantitads_da_precipitaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_schelira_permanenta_che_sdreglia;_pli_grondas_quantitads_da_precipitaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>La schelira permanenta che sdreglia; pli grondas quantitads da precipitaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_schelira_permanenta_che_sdreglia;_pli_grondas_quantitads_da_precipitaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolla_areguard_la_bilantscha_da_l’aua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolla_areguard_la_bilantscha_da_l’aua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Rolla areguard la bilantscha da l’aua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolla_areguard_la_bilantscha_da_l’aua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducziun_da_la_biodiversitad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducziun_da_la_biodiversitad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Reducziun da la biodiversitad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducziun_da_la_biodiversitad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biogeografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biogeografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Biogeografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biogeografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Biogeografia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biogeografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stgalim_montan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stgalim_montan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Stgalim montan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stgalim_montan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stgalim_subalpin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stgalim_subalpin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Stgalim subalpin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stgalim_subalpin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stgalim_alpin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stgalim_alpin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>Stgalim alpin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stgalim_alpin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stgalim_nival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stgalim_nival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Stgalim nival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stgalim_nival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Il_territori_da_las_Alps_entaifer_l’Europa_da_las_regiuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Il_territori_da_las_Alps_entaifer_l’Europa_da_las_regiuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Il territori da las Alps entaifer l’Europa da las regiuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Il_territori_da_las_Alps_entaifer_l’Europa_da_las_regiuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonisaziun_e_traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonisaziun_e_traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Colonisaziun e traffic</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Colonisaziun_e_traffic-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Colonisaziun e traffic umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Colonisaziun_e_traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zonas_da_colonisaziun" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zonas_da_colonisaziun"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Zonas da colonisaziun</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zonas_da_colonisaziun-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fugia_da_la_champagna_e_fugia_da_las_citads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fugia_da_la_champagna_e_fugia_da_las_citads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Fugia da la champagna e fugia da las citads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fugia_da_la_champagna_e_fugia_da_las_citads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Citads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic_da_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic_da_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Traffic da transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic_da_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrialisaziun_e_viafier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrialisaziun_e_viafier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4.1</span> <span>Industrialisaziun e viafier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrialisaziun_e_viafier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anteriurs_stadis_da_pass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anteriurs_stadis_da_pass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Anteriurs stadis da pass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anteriurs_stadis_da_pass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia_culturala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_culturala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Istorgia culturala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorgia_culturala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Istorgia culturala umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_culturala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agricultura_da_muntogna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultura_da_muntogna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Agricultura da muntogna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultura_da_muntogna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gruppas_culturalas_e_linguisticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gruppas_culturalas_e_linguisticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Gruppas culturalas e linguisticas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gruppas_culturalas_e_linguisticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradiziuns_ed_usits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradiziuns_ed_usits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Tradiziuns ed usits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradiziuns_ed_usits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mitus_Alps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mitus_Alps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Mitus Alps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mitus_Alps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5</span> <span>Turissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Istorgia_dal_turissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia_dal_turissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5.1</span> <span>Istorgia dal turissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istorgia_dal_turissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schanzas_e_privels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schanzas_e_privels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.5.2</span> <span>Schanzas e privels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schanzas_e_privels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Alps</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 176 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-176" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">176 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%95%E1%88%B5_%E1%89%B0%E1%88%AB%E1%88%AE%E1%89%BD" title="አልፕስ ተራሮች – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አልፕስ ተራሮች" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpis" title="Alpis – englais vegl" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Alpis" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="englais vegl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="ऐल्प्स – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الألب – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الألب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8" title="الب – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9B" title="এল্পছ – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এল্পছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Алпал – avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Алпал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_da%C4%9Flar%C4%B1" title="Alp dağları – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alp dağları" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="آلپ داغلاری – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آلپ داغلاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D2%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп тауҙары – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Альп тауҙары" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oipn" title="Oipn – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Oipn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আল্পস পর্বতমালা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpo%C3%B9" title="Alpoù – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Alpoù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Альпа – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Альпа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Альпаш – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Альпаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%DA%B5%D9%BE" title="ئەڵپ – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەڵپ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpau" title="Alpau – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alpau" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperne" title="Alperne – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Alperne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BB%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%82" title="Άλπεις – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άλπεις" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88lp" title="Èlp – Emilianisch" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Èlp" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emilianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpoj" title="Alpoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alpoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpid" title="Alpid – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alpid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpeak" title="Alpeak – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Alpeak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE" title="آلپ – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آلپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpit" title="Alpit – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alpit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpiq" title="Alpiq – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Alpiq" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpurnar" title="Alpurnar – feroais" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Alpurnar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%82rpes" title="Ârpes – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ârpes" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – friulan" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_hAlpa" title="Na hAlpa – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na hAlpa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_h-Ailpeannan" title="Na h-Ailpeannan – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na h-Ailpeannan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ype" title="Áype – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Áype" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B8_%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B3%E0%AA%BE" title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આલ્પ્સ પર્વતમાળા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes_s%C3%A2n" title="Alpes sân – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Alpes sân" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAlepa" title="ʻAlepa – hawaian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻAlepa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הרי האלפים – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרי האלפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऐल्प्स पर्वतमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpok" title="Alpok – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Alpok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեր – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալպեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ալպեան լեռներ – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ալպեան լեռներ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpafj%C3%B6ll" title="Alpafjöll – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alpafjöll" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%97%E3%82%B9%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="アルプス山脈 – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルプス山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ალპები – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალპები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_tawlar%C4%B1" title="Alp tawları – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Alp tawları" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idurar_n_Alp" title="Idurar n Alp – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idurar n Alp" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%A9p%CA%8Awaa" title="Alɩpʊwaa – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Alɩpʊwaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%96" title="Альпі – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Альпі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಲ್ಪ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="알프스산맥 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알프스산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Альпла – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Альпла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpow" title="Alpow – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Alpow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – kirghis" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpi" title="Arpi – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Arpi" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp_(mont)" title="Alp (mont) – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Alp (mont)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%9B%E0%BB%8C" title="ແອລປ໌ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແອລປ໌" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp%C4%97s" title="Alpės – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Alpės" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandavan-tendrombohitra_Alpa" title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra Alpa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF" title="Альп – Ostmari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Альп" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Ostmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ആൽപ്സ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആൽപ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%83" title="Альпийн нуруу – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Альпийн нуруу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjaran_Alp" title="Banjaran Alp – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banjaran Alp" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်လ်ပ်တောင်တန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arpe" title="Arpe – neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Arpe" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – bass tudestg" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bass tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="आल्प्स – nepalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आल्प्स" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="एल्पस् – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल्पस्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpane" title="Alpane – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alpane" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpene" title="Alpene – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alpene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%C3%A6%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Альпæтæ – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Альпæтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AA" title="ਐਲਪ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਲਪ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alp" title="Alp – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Alp" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="آلپ غرونه – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="آلپ غرونه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpikuna" title="Alpikuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Alpikuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Tarandíne" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarandíne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Альпы – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Альпы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%8B" title="Алпы – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Алпы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Альпа хайалара – jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Альпа хайалара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – scot" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lppat" title="Álppat – sami dal nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Álppat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇල්ප්ස් – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇල්ප්ස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alps" title="Alps – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alps" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpy" title="Alpy – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Alpy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpet" title="Alpet – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Alpet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Алпи – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алпи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpen" title="Alpen – sundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Alpen" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alperna" title="Alperna – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alperna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi" title="Alpi – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Alpi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆல்ப்ஸ் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆல்ப்ஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆల్ప్స్ పర్వతాలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BF" title="Алп – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Алп" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%8C" title="เทือกเขาแอลป์ – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขาแอลป์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpi_bandon" title="Alpi bandon – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Alpi bandon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpler" title="Alpler – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alpler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Альп таулары – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Альп таулары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="ئالپ تاغلىرى – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئالپ تاغلىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B8" title="Альпи – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Альпи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%BE%D8%B3" title="الپس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الپس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alplar" title="Alplar – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Alplar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Alpe" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%27pad" title="Al'pad – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Al'pad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anp%C6%A1" title="Anpơ – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Anpơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpn" title="Alpn – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Alpn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IiAlps" title="IiAlps – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IiAlps" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ალპეფი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალპეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="אלפן – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אלפן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿尔卑斯山 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿尔卑斯山" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes" title="Alpes – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Alpes" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%8D%91%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿爾卑斯山 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿爾卑斯山" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1286#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Tip da pagina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Mussar l'artitgel [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artitgel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussiun:Alps" rel="discussion" title="Discussiuns davart il cuntegn da l'artitgel [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussiun</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">rumantsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Questa pagina"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alps"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=history" title="Versiuns pli veglias da questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utensils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utensils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Werkzeuge</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Weitere Optionen" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Aktionen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Alps"><span>Leger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit" title="Modifitgar questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifitgar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit" title="Modifitgar il code da funtauna da questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifitgar il code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Linkliste/Alps" title="Glista da tut las paginas vichi che mussan sin questa pagina [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Colliaziuns sin questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderungen_an_verlinkten_Seiten/Alps" rel="nofollow" title="Ultimas midadas sin paginas colliadas cun questa pagina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modificaziuns sin paginas colliadas</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialseiten" title="Glista da tut las paginas spezialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas spezialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&oldid=166015" title="Link permanent tar questa versiun da la pagina"><span>Colliaziun permanenta</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=info" title="Weitere Informationen über diese Seite"><span>Infurmaziuns da la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilfe&page=Alps&id=166015&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Hinweise, wie diese Seite zitiert werden kann"><span>Citar questa pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlps"><span>Gekürzte URL abrufen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Frm.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlps"><span>QR-Code runterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampar/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Buch&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Alps"><span>Crear in cudesch</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Alps&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telechargiar sco PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&printable=yes" title="Versiun per stampar da questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiun per stampar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En auters projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alps" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1286" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata object</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Ord Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><div style="right:30px; display:none;" class="topicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artitgels_che_mintga_Vichipedia_duai_aver" title="Artitgel dals 1000"><img alt="Artitgel dals 1000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/1000HA.png/28px-1000HA.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/1000HA.png 1.5x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="36" /></a></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg/350px-Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg/525px-Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg/700px-Satellitenaufnahme_der_Alpen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Maletg da satellit da las Alps</figcaption></figure> <p>Las <b>Alps</b> furman la pli auta muntogna situada a l’intern da l’<a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Quella s’extenda en furma d’in artg d’ina lunghezza da 1200 kilometers e d’ina ladezza tranter 150 e 250 kilometers tranter la Mar Ligura ed il Batschigl Pannonic. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Survista">Survista</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Survista" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Survista"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg/220px-Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg/330px-Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg/440px-Mont_Blanc_and_Dome_du_Gouter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Mont Blanc, 4810 m</figcaption></figure> <p>L’entira regiun alpina cumpiglia ina surfatscha da radund 200 000 km². Ella s’extenda sur ca. 750 km tranter vest ed ost e ca. 400 km tranter sid e nord. Las regiuns da cunfin furman la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_dal_Rodan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val dal Rodan (n'exista betg)">Val dal Rodan</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Svizra_Bassa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svizra Bassa (n'exista betg)">Svizra Bassa</a>, il curs superiur dal <a href="/wiki/Danubi" title="Danubi">Danubi</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pitschna_Planira_Ungaraisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pitschna Planira Ungaraisa (n'exista betg)">Pitschna Planira Ungaraisa</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planira_dal_Po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planira dal Po (n'exista betg)">Planira dal Po</a> ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf_da_Genua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golf da Genua (n'exista betg)">Golf da Genua</a>. </p><p>L’artg alpin cunfinescha en il sidvest cun las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apenninas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apenninas (n'exista betg)">Apenninas</a>, cumpiglia la Planira dal Po, sa diromescha vers il Giura Franzos e Giura Svizzer e finescha en l’ost en furma da ventagl davant la regiun collinusa da la Pannonia dal Vest. En il nordost al Danubi sper Vienna èn las Alps spartidas tras il Batschigl da Vienna da la Muntogna Dinarica ch’è fermamain carstica. En il nord sa sbassan las Alps cuntinuadamain vers la regiun prealpina da l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> e da la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>. En il sid è la pendenza vers la Planira dal Po pli andetga. La chadaina da muntognas a la quala appartegnan las Alps s’extenda da l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlas (n'exista betg)">Atlas</a> african fin en l’Asia dal Sidost. </p><p>Las tschimas sa chattan en il vest per ordinari tranter 3000 e 4300 meters sur mar; en las Alps Orientalas èn las muntognas in pau main autas. Il pli aut piz da las Alps furma il <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> cun 4810 meters. 128 pizs èn sur quattermilli meters auts, numerusas muntognas èn parzialmain surglatschadas. Las Alps sa dividan en numerusas gruppas e chadainas da muntognas. </p><p>Las Alps situadas amez l’Europa, furman in impurtant cunfin climatic e sparta-auas. Ellas spartan la part centrala da la zona mediterrana da l’Europa Centrala, segnada d’in clima atlantic, e stattan en l’ost sut clima continental. Er ils flums suondan questas direcziuns principalas vers la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrana" title="Mar Mediterrana">Mar Mediterrana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mar_dal_Nord&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mar dal Nord (n'exista betg)">Mar dal Nord</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mar_Naira" title="Mar Naira">Mar Naira</a>. </p><p>L’artg alpin cumpiglia territoris dals otg stadis da las Alps, numnadamain <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> e <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. Las Alps furman il spazi da viver da radund 13 milliuns umans e vegnan appreziadas en tut l’Europa sco spazi da recreaziun. Dapi l’istorgia tempriva furman las valladas alpinas ed ils pass alpins er impurtantas colliaziuns da traffic transeuropeicas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Etimologia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Alpenrelief_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/240px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/360px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Alpenrelief_01.jpg/480px-Alpenrelief_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Reliev aut da las Alps</figcaption></figure> <p>Il num ‹Alps› è collià cun il pled <i>Alp(e)</i> che vegn duvrà en Svizra ed en l’Austria dal Vest per ‹alp/pastgira d’alp›. Er en il territori latin sa lascha la noziun ‹alp› manar enavos fin en il temp preroman. La colliaziun tar l’adjectiv indogerman <i>*albʰos</i> (‹alv›), che vegniva savens fatga pli baud, è però pauc probabla.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En la litteratura vegnan las Alps menziunadas relativamain tard sco muntogna. Pir l’expediziun militara da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannibal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannibal (n'exista betg)">Hannibal</a> sur las Alps l’onn 218 a.C. las ha rendì enconuschentas. Ina definiziun vaira concisa dal territori porscha <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polybios&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polybios (n'exista betg)">Polybios</a> († ca. 120 a.C.), il qual fa indicaziuns precisas davart singuls pass alpins.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Las denominaziuns <i>Alpeis</i> (singular) ed <i>Alpēs</i> (plural) cumparan ca. 150 s.C. en la geografia da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ptolemeus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ptolemeus (n'exista betg)">Ptolemeus</a> scritta per grec (p.ex. <i>Alpes Poeninae/Summo Poenius</i> per Grond Son Bernard). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isidor_da_Sevilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isidor da Sevilla (n'exista betg)">Isidor da Sevilla</a> conferma en si’ovra ‹Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX› ch’ils conquistaders romans hajan surpiglià il term ‹alp› da la populaziun muntagnarda celtoligura e che quel muntia ‹auta muntogna, pastgira alpina›. </p><p>En il temp medieval èn tant il pled ‹alp› sco er la noziun latina ‹mons› vegnids duvrads per designar singulas elevaziuns, pass e passadis. En il territori tudestg ha alura il term aleman ‹-berg› occupà in temp questa posiziun. Da quai dattan anc oz perditga nums da pass che fineschan sin ‹-berg›. A partir dal 18avel tschientaner vegn ‹Berg› alura duvrà pli e pli per singuls pizs ed ‹Alps› per l’entira muntogna. </p><p>Ozendi datti in’entira famiglia da pleds e da muntadas ch’èn colliadas cun la noziun ‹alp›. Sper las duas muntadas centralas che vegnan differenziadas per rumantsch cun minuscla e maiuscla (Alps, alp) cumpara il term er sco num d’autras muntognas (p.ex. Alps Apuanicas, Alps Giapunaisas). ‹Alpin› vegn duvrà en general – pia er independent da las Alps sco talas – per in stgalim d’autezza (stgalim alpin) u stat er sco sinonim per ‹muntogna› (p.ex. ski alpin, raiver alpin). ‹Alpid› designescha ultra da quai en la geologia ina fasa da furmaziun da muntognas. La chadaina da muntognas alpida s’extenda da l’Europa fin en l’Asia da l’Ost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structuraziun">Structuraziun</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Structuraziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Structuraziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg/260px-Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg/390px-Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg/520px-Franz%C3%B6sisch-Italienische_Alpengliederung_1924.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="744" /></a><figcaption>Tripartiziun classica</figcaption></figure> <p>En il decurs dals ultims tschientaners èn ins adina puspè sa stentà da structurar las Alps, e quai a basa da differents criteris.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puncts da partenza pon furmar caracteristicas culturalas e da la geografia umana ubain cumponentas e structuras natiralas (orografia, geomorfologia, geologia, idrologia, clima, flora e fauna). Tut quests differents sistems han manà ad ina structuraziun a pitschens spazis che na sa lascha strusch survesair en tut sia multifariadad e che cumpiglia numerusas denominaziuns localas e regiunalas che sa cuvran per part u sa cuntradin schizunt. </p><p>Surtut areguard la structuraziun geografica da l’artg alpin sco tal èn sa sviluppads en il decurs dal temp dus sistems ch’èn be parzialmain cumpatibels in cun l’auter e che porschan spazi a malchapientschas fundamentalas. In tratg cuminaivel central dad omadus sistems furma però la tripartiziun per lung da la chadaina da las Alps en ina part centrala sco er ina – relativ a l’artg – exteriura (en il nord e vest) ed interiura (en il sid). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Divisiun_da_las_Alps_en_duas_parts">Divisiun da las Alps en duas parts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Divisiun da las Alps en duas parts" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Divisiun da las Alps en duas parts"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Tirol_dal_Sid" title="Tirol dal Sid">Tirol dal Sid</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> èsi usità da divider las Alps en las duas unitads centralas Alps dal Vest ed Alps da l’Ost. Questa sutdivisiun sa referescha a las differenzas geologicas (ed en consequenza da quai er geomorfologicas) che sa mussan en il territori da cunfin tranter la Svizra e l’Austria sin l’autezza d’ina lingia che tanscha pli u main da la Val dal Rain al Lai da Como (e quai surtut en la part settentriunala da la chadaina da las Alps). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripartiziun_da_las_Alps">Tripartiziun da las Alps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tripartiziun da las Alps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tripartiziun da las Alps"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En l’Italia ed en Frantscha è derasada ina tripartiziun da las Alps en Alps dal Vest, Alps Centralas ed Alps da l’Ost. Questa tripartiziun vegn applitgada a moda unitara ed enconuscha ina lunga tradiziun; ella sa basa main sin criteris geologics che sin ina cunvegnientscha geografica ch’è sa sviluppada en il decurs da l’istorgia. Tenor questa tripartiziun cumenzan las Alps dal Vest a la Mar Mediterrana e tanschan fin a la lingia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_d%E2%80%99Aosta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val d’Aosta (n'exista betg)">Val d’Aosta</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>, las Alps Centralas sa chattan tranter la Val d’Aosta-Mont Blanc ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass_dal_Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pass dal Brenner (n'exista betg)">Pass dal Brenner</a> e las Alps da l’Ost s’extendan dal Brenner fin en la Slovenia. Sin questa tripartiziun sa basa er il Club alpin svizzer, il qual cuvra en quest senn la gronda part da las Alps Centralas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autras_sutdivisiun">Autras sutdivisiun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: Autras sutdivisiun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Autras sutdivisiun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Betg main multifaras èn las sutdivisiuns che partan dal clima, da la vegetaziun u da la colonisaziun da las Alps: </p> <ul><li>D’ordaifer vers l’intern sutdivisiun en trais regiuns: regiun prealpina, prealps, regiun interalpina.</li> <li>Ina sutdivisiun topografica approximativa en zonas da cunfin cun muntognas mesaunas e las Alps sco talas cun autezzas da las tschimas sur 1500 m.</li> <li>Ils stgalims biogeografics da las Alps: las valladas alpinas e regiuns collinusas (fin ca. 700–900 m), il stgalim muntagnard fin al cunfin dal guaud superiur (fin ca. 1500–2000 m), il stgalim alpin fin al cunfin da naiv (fin ca. 3100 m) e survart il stgalim nival cun las regiuns da glatschers.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chadainas_e_gruppas_da_muntognas">Chadainas e gruppas da muntognas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: Chadainas e gruppas da muntognas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Chadainas e gruppas da muntognas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Alps-WestEast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alps-WestEast.jpg/240px-Alps-WestEast.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alps-WestEast.jpg/360px-Alps-WestEast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Alps-WestEast.jpg/480px-Alps-WestEast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption>Cunfin vest-ost tenor la bipartiziun</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alps_da_l’Ost"><span id="Alps_da_l.E2.80.99Ost"></span>Alps da l’Ost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: Alps da l’Ost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Alps da l’Ost"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las Alps da l’Ost s’extendan dal territori svizzer sur l’entira <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorarlberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorarlberg (n'exista betg)">Vorarlberg</a> fin en il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burgenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burgenland (n'exista betg)">Burgenland</a>) e d’ina part da las provinzas alpinas talianas (<a href="/wiki/Sondrio" title="Sondrio">Sondrio</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trentino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trentino (n'exista betg)">Trentino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tirol_dal_Sid" title="Tirol dal Sid">Tirol dal Sid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friul" title="Friul">Friul</a>) fin en la <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>. Ils territoris alpins situads en <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> ed il territori statal dal <a href="/wiki/Principadi_da_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Principadi da Liechtenstein">Principadi da Liechtenstein</a> appartegnan a las Alps da l’Ost. Il pli aut piz da las Alps da l’Ost ed a medem temp la suletta tschima da questa part da las Alps che tanscha sur quattermilli meters è il Piz Bernina (4049 m) situà en il chantun Grischun. </p><p>Las Alps da l’Ost vegnan partidas tras las grondas faudas longitudinalas en trais unitads: </p> <ul><li>La Alps dal Nord sa dividan en molassa subalpina, zona da flisch, Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas, Alps da plattamorta e zona da Grauwacke. Vers nord suonda la regiun prealpina bavaraisa ed austriaca. En questa part da las Alps da l’Ost dominescha il cuntrast tranter las furmas radundas dal crap da sablun e las paraids-crap da las Alps da chaltschina.</li></ul> <ul><li>Las Alps Centralas èn segnadas da bleras funtaunas, dutgs e lais da fops glazials; en il vest datti numerus glatschers. Ellas consistan da granit, gnais e plattì da mica e furman perquai vasts arvieuts segnads da furmas radundas.</li> <li>Las Alps dal Sid sa cumponan surtut da las Alps da chaltschina meridiunalas, cun turs e dents fitg tais. En il nord dal plateau da porfir da <a href="/wiki/Bulsaun" title="Bulsaun">Bulsaun</a> èn situadas las Alps cristallinas dal Sarntal; en il sid sa chatta be in graschel territori prealpin che furma ensemen cun la regiun prealpina meridiunala la zona da transiziun vers la Planira dal Po.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alps_dal_Vest">Alps dal Vest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Alps dal Vest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Alps dal Vest"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las Alps dal Vest furman – tenor la divisiun da las Alps en duas zonas – la part da las Alps che sa chatta en il vest da la lingia <a href="/wiki/Lai_da_Constanza" title="Lai da Constanza">Lai da Constanza</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pass_dal_Spleia" title="Pass dal Spleia">Pass dal Spleia</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lai_da_Como&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lai da Como (n'exista betg)">Lai da Como</a>. Ellas fruntan en il nord dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Golf_da_Genua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Golf da Genua (n'exista betg)">Golf da Genua</a> sin las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apenninas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apenninas (n'exista betg)">Apenninas</a> e tschinclan vers vest en in vast artg la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planira_dal_Po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planira dal Po (n'exista betg)">Planira dal Po</a>. </p><p>Ils suandants pajais han part da las Alps dal Vest: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a>. La pli auta muntogna da la Frantscha e da las Alps insumma è il Mont Blanc (4810 m).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>. Sco pli auta muntogna da l’Italia vala en general il Mont Blanc de Courmayeur (4748 m), in piz lateral dal Mont Blanc. Ord vista taliana maina il cunfin però sur il piz principal.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a>. Il pli aut piz da la Svizra è il Piz da Dufour (4634 m) en il Monte Rosa en las Alps Vallesanas.</li></ul> <p>Las Alps dal Vest èn pli autas che las Alps da l’Ost; lur chadaina centrala è pli curta e fermamain sturschida. Las Alps dal Vest cumpiglian 81 pizs che mesiran in’autezza da passa 4000 m s.m. Qua sa chattan er ils pli auts pass da las Alps, tranter els il Col de l’Iseran en la Savoia ch’è cun 2764 m il pli aut pass da las Alps insumma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unitads_entaifer_las_Alps_dal_Vest">Unitads entaifer las Alps dal Vest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Unitads entaifer las Alps dal Vest" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Unitads entaifer las Alps dal Vest"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ina retscha da massivs centrals cristallins vegn spartida tras valladas d’ina zona da gnais en il sid e d’ina zona da chaltschina en il vest e nord. Tuttina sco tar las Alps da l’Ost sa lascha pia er applitgar sin las Alps dal Vest ina tripartiziun. Vers vest e nord s’extenda ina zona da chaltschina cun paraids fitg taissas e dents vers l’avantterren respectiv. La chadaina dals massivs centrals – ch’èn isolads in da l’auter – cumpiglia las pli autas muntognas da las Alps. Qua sa chattan muntognas ch’èn savens da furma bizarra. Pervi da lur autezza èn blers massivs englatschads; il Glatscher d’Aletsch en las Alps Bernaisas furma il pli lung glatscher da las Alps. Las muntognas da la zona da gnais crodan cun grondas differenzas d’autezza vers la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Planira_dal_Po&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planira dal Po (n'exista betg)">Planira dal Po</a>. Vers nord sa sbassa la part centrala da las Alps dal Vest (resp. las Alps Centralas) vers la Svizra Bassa; en il vest sfundran las chadainas provenzalas sut ils deposits pli giuvens da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_dal_Rodan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val dal Rodan (n'exista betg)">Val dal Rodan</a>. </p><p>Entaifer las Alps dal Vest sa laschan differenziar las suandantas unitads pli grondas: </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Oestliche_Westalpen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oestliche_Westalpen.svg/200px-Oestliche_Westalpen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oestliche_Westalpen.svg/300px-Oestliche_Westalpen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Oestliche_Westalpen.svg/400px-Oestliche_Westalpen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="2252" /></a><figcaption>Part orientala da las Alps dal Vest</figcaption></figure> <p>Zona da chaltschina </p> <ul><li>Prealps provenzalas</li> <li>Alps dal Dauphiné</li> <li>Prealps savoiardas</li> <li>Alps Bernaisas</li> <li>Alps Glarunaisas</li></ul> <p>Massiv Central </p> <ul><li>Mercantour</li> <li>Pelvoux</li> <li>Belledonne</li> <li>Grandes Rousses</li> <li>Mont Blanc</li> <li>Massiv da l’Aara e dal Gottard</li></ul> <p>Zona da gnais </p> <ul><li>Alps Maritimas</li> <li>Alps Cotticas</li> <li>Alps Grajicas</li> <li>Alps Vallesanas</li> <li>Alps Lumbardas</li></ul> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a> vegnan las parts dal pajais ch’èn situadas en las Alps er partidas en la costa nord da las Alps, las Alps Centralas occidentalas ed orientalas e las Alps dal Sid situadas en il <a href="/wiki/Tessin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tessin">Tessin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geologia">Geologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: Geologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geologia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tar las Alps sa tracti d’ina muntogna faudada ch’è geologicamain relativamain giuvna e che dispona d’ina structura da cuvridas correspundenta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unitads_grondas_geologicas">Unitads grondas geologicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: Unitads grondas geologicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Unitads grondas geologicas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En il decurs da la perscrutaziun geologica è s’etablida ina sutdivisiun da las Alps en unitads grondas ch’èn mintgamai segnadas da successiuns da crap e da territoris da derivanza caracteristics. Dal nord vers il sid differenziesch’ins las suandantas unitads: </p> <ul><li>Il helvetic è surtut visibel en l’artg da las Alps dal Vest. Al cunfin nord da las Alps da l’Ost èn las tipicas furmaziuns geologicas dal helvetic be visiblas en furma da singulas sdrimas.</li> <li>Il penninic è derasà vastamain en las Alps dal Vest. En las Alps da l’Ost cumpara el be en furma da singulas fanestras tectonicas (p.ex. la fanestra engiadinaisa e la fanestra dal Tauern) resp. sco sdrimas graschlas (zona da flisch), e quai be en il nord da las Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas.</li> <li>L’alpin oriental (u austroalpin) cumpiglia, sco ch’il num di gia, la part centrala da las Alps da l’Ost. Questa unitad gronda sa divida en l’alpin orientà inferiur che cumpara be en singuls lieus (t.a. en parts da las Alps Centralas) ed en l’alpin oriental superiur che cumpiglia la gronda part da la surfatscha (t.a. las Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas, la zona da Grauwacken e la Chadaina da la Drava). Il cristallin da l’alpin central vegn medemamain attribuì a l’alpin oriental superiur; la zona da Grauwacken separa quel da las Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas e la cusadira periadriatica – in dals disturbis centrals en la furmaziun da las Alps – da la gronda part da las ‹Alps da chaltschina meridiunalas›. Cuntrari a las Alps dal Vest na cuntegnan las Alps da l’Ost nagins massivs cristallins autoctons – il cristallin che cumpara en l’alpin oriental è tras e tras betg dal lieu. En las Alps dal Vest èn visiblas en plirs lieus be pitschnas restanzas da crappa ostalpina (en las Alps da Varese e sco restanzas da cuvridas en vischinanza dal <a href="/wiki/Matterhorn" title="Matterhorn">Matterhorn</a>).</li> <li>L’alpin meridiunal s’extenda en il sid da la cusadira periadriatica en furma da las Alps Bergamascas, Dolomitas etc. fin a las cuvridas dinaricas.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Alpengeologie01.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alpengeologie01.png/700px-Alpengeologie01.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alpengeologie01.png/1050px-Alpengeologie01.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alpengeologie01.png/1400px-Alpengeologie01.png 2x" data-file-width="3144" data-file-height="1513" /></a><figcaption>Geologia da las Alps (unitads grondas)</figcaption></figure> <p>Questas unitads principalas vegnan sutdivididas en in grond dumber d’unitads pli pitschnas. En tscherts lieus variescha l’attribuziun geologica da las gruppas da muntogna orograficas primaras. Il motiv: las grondas valladas longitudinalas da las Alps correspundan bain per gronda part als cunfins da la crappa u da las lingias interruttas e da spustada verticala; ma en tscherts lieus taglian ellas er permez questas zonas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Furmaziun_da_las_Alps">Furmaziun da las Alps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Furmaziun da las Alps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Furmaziun da las Alps"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tar la faudaziun geologica da las Alps sa tracti d’in process a plirs stgalims, il qual ha cumenzà avant ca. 135 milliuns onns (dal temp da la vieuta da la perioda giurassa a la perioda da crida). L’ultima fasa d’activitad pli gronda ha gì lieu avant 30 fin 35 milliuns onns en il terziar; en furma pli moderada cuntinuescha la furmaziun però fin oz. Ord vista da la tectonica da plattas tutgan las Alps tar las giuvnas muntognas da cuvridas da la furmaziun da muntognas alpidica (per part er numnada be alpina); a quella vegnan er attribuidas il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caucasus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caucasus (n'exista betg)">Caucasus</a> ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Himalaya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Himalaya (n'exista betg)">Himalaya</a>. La perscrutaziun geologica intensiva dal 20avel tschientaner ha manà a la conclusiun ch’in anteriur ocean da 1000 km ladezza, cun urs continentals, batschigls sutmarins e dies oceanics, saja vegnì stumplà ensemen als stgars 100 km ladezza da las Alps odiernas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Process_da_la_tectonica_da_plattas">Process da la tectonica da plattas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Process da la tectonica da plattas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Process da la tectonica da plattas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En il territori mediterran sa lascha la furmaziun da muntognas manar enavos sin l’avertura cuntinuanta da l’Atlantic. Tras quai è il continent african vegnì rut ora dal supercontinent <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pangea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pangea (n'exista betg)">Pangea</a> e smatgà en in moviment da rotaziun vers l’Europa. Tranteren sa chattava la platta adriatica, la quala è vegnida enserrada da dus bratschs d’oceans, ils quals tanschevan da l’<a href="/wiki/Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic">Atlantic</a> fin a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tethys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tethys (n'exista betg)">Tethys</a>. A l’ur sid da la crusta continentala da l’Europa è sa furmada la crappa dal helveticum. En il sid da quel èn sa sviluppads – en il bratsch settentriunal dals dus bratschs da mar enturn la platta adriatica – il penninicum settentriunal e central. Anc pli en il sid sa chattava la platta adriatica cun l’alpin oriental e meridiunal. </p><p>Cun l’avertura da l’Atlantic dal Nord en il giura mesaun (tenor datas paleomagneticas ca. avant 170 milliuns onns), ha cumenzà a sa furmar en la Paratethys en il nord da la Platta adriatica or da crusta oceanica il penninicum dal sid. A medem temp han gì lieu en la zona da sedimentaziun da l’alpin oriental ils emprims process da furmaziun da muntognas; quels han la finala mantunà las cuvridas da l’alpin oriental superiur. Durant il temp da crida è s’avert l’Atlantic dal Sid (avant ca. 125 milliuns onns); quai ha mess ad ir la subducziun ed accreziun dal penninicum dal sid vi da l’alpin oriental. Tras quests process è l’ocean penninic puspè sa serrà plaunsieu. </p><p>A partir da l’eocen avant ca. 53 milliuns onns ha l’Africa cumenzà a sa mover directamain vers nord, chatschond uschia la platta adriatica sco in sparun en la part meridiunala da l’Europa. La collisiun e tras quai l’emprima fasa da furmaziun da muntogna cumpressiva ha durà be radund 5 milliuns onns (da l’eocen superiur fin l’oligocen inferiur). Tras quai è l’alpin oriental e meridiunal vegnì stuschà durant la fasa da faudaziun neoalpidica (pireneica) sur il penninicum mesaun, e parts satiglias da crusta èn vegnidas chatschadas suten. Cun l’ulteriura collisiun è vegnì surcuvert il penninicum settentriunal e la finala il helveticum, fin che la structura da las cuvridas alpinas è stada terminada en il pliocen. Quest process da cumprimaziun cun ruttadiras inversivas d’ina dimensiun da plirs tschient kilometers ha manà a la structura da cuvridas da las Alps odierna. Durant il maximum da l’orogenesa alpidica è la muntogna s’auzada per ca. 5 mm ad onn. Quest process n’è anc oz betg terminà, damai che las plattas continentalas sa stauschan vinavant ca. 5 cm ad onn ina en l’autra. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Istorgia_da_la_sedimentaziun">Istorgia da la sedimentaziun</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia da la sedimentaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia da la sedimentaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/220px-230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/330px-230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png/440px-230_Ma_plate_tectonic_reconstruction.png 2x" data-file-width="948" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption>La tectonica da plattas avant 230 milliuns onns</figcaption></figure> <p>La furmaziun dal supercontinent Pangea aveva manà en il paleozoicum ad in fundament da granits, gnais ed autras sorts crappa; per part èn quellas medemamain vegnidas integradas pli tard en ils process da la furmaziun da las Alps. Dapi il trias è il supercontinent rut dapart ed als urs continentals da la platta adriatica en il sid resp. da la platta europeica en il nord ha cumenzà ina sedimentaziun marina. En il trias inferiur èn sa furmadas en la regiun da sedimentaziun da las Alps da l’Ost a l’ur nord ed ost da la platta adriatica stresas che cuntegnan sal (stresas da Werfen); quellas laschan supponer ch’i haja regì da quel temp in clima arid. En l’ulteriur decurs dal trias èn sa depositads qua ils craps da chaltschina da las cuvridas ostalpinas (trias alpin); da quellas sa cumponan pli u main las Alps da chaltschina odiernas. En il territori da las cuvridas helveticas da pli tard hai dà da quel temp a l’ur sid da la platta europeica surtut sedimentaziuns da craps da sablun e da craps d’arschiglia (trias german). </p><p>Durant la perioda giurassa ed il temp da crida hai dà en il territori da la Tethys als urs dal continent europeic e da la platta adriatica surtut deposits da chaltschina e da dolomits. En las mars ch’èn sa furmadas tranteren èn vegnids deponids en la profunditad sediments arschiglius ch’han per part interagì cun vulcanissem sutmarin. La grossezza dals sediments da quest temp variescha fitg ferm e po midar a curta distanza a moda andetga. Suenter il cumenzament da la subducziun dal penninicum mesaun sut l’alpin oriental ha inizià davant il cugn d’accreziun la furmaziun da flisch. Sin il dies da la rasada da cuvridas che sa muveva vers nord è la ‹Mar da Gosau› penetrada en batschigls da las Alps da l’Ost ch’eran londervi da sa furmar ed ha deponì là ils sediments marnus e da crap da sablun da las stresas da Gosau (temp da crida) ch’èn ritgs da fossils. </p><p>A partir da quel mument ch’igl è vegnì a la collisiun cun il continent europeic e che la muntogna è vegnida auzada cumplettamain sur il livel da la mar, èn ils process d’erosiun sa fatgs valair pli ferm. Ina sedimentaziun hai be pli dà en las zonas perifericas. Qua èn vegnidas depositadas ulteriuras stresas da flisch (temp da crida e vegl terziar), las qualas duevan vegnir surcuvertas en l’ulteriur decurs adina pli ferm da la chadaina da muntognas ch’era londervi da sa sviluppar. </p><p>Suenter ch’igl è sa furmada a l’ur be pli ina mar fitg graschla, ha la sedimentaziun da flisch fatg plazza a la sedimentaziun da la molassa. Tar quella sa tracti da sediments ritgs d’arschiglia e da sablun che derivan da las Alps sezzas; pli tard duevan quellas vegnir surcuvertas a l’ur dal flisch e per part involvidas en l’ulteriura faudaziun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L’elevaziun_e_furmaziun_cuntinuescha"><span id="L.E2.80.99elevaziun_e_furmaziun_cuntinuescha"></span>L’elevaziun e furmaziun cuntinuescha</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: L’elevaziun e furmaziun cuntinuescha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: L’elevaziun e furmaziun cuntinuescha"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In’auta muntogna èn las Alps daventadas en quel mument che la muntogna faudada è vegnida auzada; quest process cuntinuescha fin oz. Tras process da gulivaziun isostatica en la crusta è la muntogna s’auzada e l’erosiun da quella ha cumenzà – a partir da l’oligocen inferiur – ad emplenir il batschigl da molassa situà en il nord. La pressiun che maina a la furmaziun da la muntogna perdura fin oz; la creschientscha en l’autezza munta però be ca. 1 mm ad onn. Moviments orizontals da la crusta da la terra pon esser en tschertas regiuns in pau pli gronds, p.ex. en regiuns da terratrembel. </p><p>Lur furma odierna han las Alps survegnì tras l’erosiun; surtut tras ils glatschers dal temp da glatsch, ma er tras process che cuntinueschan fin oz. </p><p>Ch’i sa tracta tar las Alps – ord vista da l’istorgia da la terra – d’ina muntogna ‹giuvenila› ves’ins vi da las paraids-crap abruptas, ils fils fitg gizs e las vals profundas e taissas. La cumbinaziun tranter elevaziun ed erosiun (tras glatschers, flums, schelira, sulegl) furma – ensemen cun la structura dals deposits e la resistenza da las singulas stresas – fin oz las Alps. Ils glatschers han modellà supplementarmain questas structuras e stgaffì novas surfatschas sco crestas u fops; e suenter ch’il glatsch è tschessà, èn sa furmads lais e morenas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interdependenza_tranter_la_cumposiziun_da_la_crappa_e_la_furma_da_la_surfatscha">Interdependenza tranter la cumposiziun da la crappa e la furma da la surfatscha</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Interdependenza tranter la cumposiziun da la crappa e la furma da la surfatscha" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Interdependenza tranter la cumposiziun da la crappa e la furma da la surfatscha"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:RameschWithCave.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RameschWithCave.jpg/220px-RameschWithCave.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RameschWithCave.jpg/330px-RameschWithCave.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/RameschWithCave.jpg/440px-RameschWithCave.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Chaltschina da Dachstein</figcaption></figure> <p>La furma da la surfatscha ed autras caracteristicas geomorfologicas dependan mintgamai da las sorts da crappa che prevalan al lieu. En la chaltschina poi dar furmaziuns da carst. Dolomit che na lascha betg penetrar l’aua è segnà da fitg bleras valladas, d’in grip che rumpa tgunsch e da gravas cun crappa plitost fina. En regiuns nua che dominescha gnais e gnais da granit datti per ordinari distanzas vaira grondas tranter las singulas sfessas, uschia ch’i rumpan davent blocs pli gronds e sa furman vastas gravas da blocs. Ed il granit cun si’erosiun caracteristica maina en blers lieus a la furmaziun da grippa bizarra. </p><p>La successiun da las singulas stresas che furman il grip maina ad ulteriurs fenomens geomorfologics. A la basa da las successiuns da chaltschina fitg grossas, sco per exempel las Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas e la muntogna helvetica, sa chatta savens grip carstic ch’è situà sur plattamorta impermeabla ed è perquai ritg da funtaunas. Funtaunas, dutgs e lais sa furman savens er là nua che granits e gnais cun lur grondas sfessas laschan entrar l’aua, ma nua che quella frunta en la profunditad sin plattids da mica impermeabels. Ils deposits da sal e da gip en las Alps da chaltschina settentriunalas structureschan la surfatscha a moda sumeglianta sco ch’igl è il cas tar muntognas da chaltschina, numnadamain en furma da fenomens da carst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifitgar secziun: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Clima"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caracteristicas">Caracteristicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifitgar secziun: Caracteristicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=19" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Caracteristicas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las Alps furman ina da las pli impurtantas lingias da separaziun dal clima en l’Europa. Ellas spartan ina da l’autra las regiuns ch’èn segnadas d’in clima mediterran, atlantic ubain pannonic. En las Alps sezzas po il clima variar d’ina vallada a l’autra, damai che quellas stattan – tut tenor lur posiziun ed il reliev da las muntognas che las circumdeschan – sut influenzas fitg differentas. </p><p>Facturs cun in grond effect sin il clima èn ils vents dal vest cun aria miaivla ed umida, l’aria polara fraida nà dal nord, l’aria continentala fitg sitga nà da l’ost (fraida l’enviern, chauda la stad) e l’aria chauda nà dal sid. Quests differents climas mainan mintgamai a constellaziuns d’accumulaziun caracteristicas. </p><p>Vents tipics èn il favugn (in vent che croda e che s’exprima en emprima lingia sco vent chaud nà dal sid, pli darar er nà dal nord) sco er il mistral en Frantscha. </p><p>L’irradiaziun dal sulegl directa è pli bassa en l’autezza, perquai che la spessezza da l’atmosfera è pli bassa; a medem temp è la radiaziun diffusa pli bassa. Quai augmenta la differenza da temperatura tranter spundas suleglivas e sumbrivaunas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regiuns_climaticas">Regiuns climaticas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifitgar secziun: Regiuns climaticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=20" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Regiuns climaticas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg/220px-Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg/330px-Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg/440px-Lauterbrunnen-valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1840" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>Lauterbrunnental (BE)</figcaption></figure> <p>Vastas parts da las Alps dal Nord sumeglian en lur decurs da l’onn termic las planiras cunfinantas, cun excepziun da la reducziun da la temperatura media annuala (per 0,50 fin 0,65 °C mintga 100 m differenza d’autezza). Las precipitaziuns maximalas vegnan cuntanschidas la stad. Las zonas da cunfin da las Alps ch’èn expostas als vents dal vest cuntanschan savens precipitaziuns annualas tranter 2000 fin 3000 mm. </p><p>Las parts da las Alps orientadas vers sid èn segnadas d’in clima mediterran. Quai maina – cumpareglià cun l’Europa Centrala – ad envierns miaivels e stads chaudas. En pli sa spostan las precipitaziuns maximalas vers la primavaira e la stad. Caracteristics èn letgs da flums sitgs che mainan be aua en cas d’aua gronda (ils torrents da la planira taliana) e la furmaziun da vastas chavorgias sco las gorges da la Frantscha dal Sid u la val dal Soča (Isonzo) cun in profil da 2500 m. </p><p>Vers l’ur oriental èn las Alps segnadas d’in clima continental-pannonic. Quel maina a stads sitgas ch’èn avantagiusas per la viticultura. Vers sid daventa il clima puspè pli umid. </p><p>Las valladas interalpinas ed ils batschigls pli gronds (<a href="/wiki/Vallais" class="mw-redirect" title="Vallais">Vallais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vnuost" title="Vnuost">Vnuost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carinzia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carinzia (n'exista betg)">Carinzia</a>) sa chattan en la sumbriva da la plievgia ed èn perquai segnads d’in clima sitg (savens sut 800 mm ad onn). L’enviern poi dar in’inversiun termica: sch’i na va nagin vent sa rimna en il fund da la val aria fraida, uschia ch’igl è qua pli fraid che en autezzas mesaunas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consequenzas_dal_stgaudament_global_per_las_Alps">Consequenzas dal stgaudament global per las Alps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifitgar secziun: Consequenzas dal stgaudament global per las Alps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=21" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Consequenzas dal stgaudament global per las Alps"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La midada dal clima ha per consequenza ch’ils glatschers lieuan a moda dramatica. Differenzas da clima hai bain adina dà, quai che sa lascha gist cumprovar a basa dals glatschers che furman in veritabel archiv dal clima. Ma ozendi sa retiran ils glatschers pli spert che quai ch’igl era pli baud il cas. Tenor mesiraziuns han ils glatschers pers tranter il cumenzament da l’industrialisaziun ed il 1980 radund in terz da lur surfatscha e la mesadad da lur massa. Dapi il 1980 èn svanids ulteriurs 20 fin 30 procent dal volumen da glatsch. Da l’autra vart cumprovan retschertgas pli novas ch’ils glatschers ston esser stads luads ina giada cumplettamain gia avant millis dad onns. </p><p>Aspects centrals che vegnan mess en connex cun la midada dal clima èn: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_schelira_permanenta_che_sdreglia;_pli_grondas_quantitads_da_precipitaziuns"><span id="La_schelira_permanenta_che_sdreglia.3B_pli_grondas_quantitads_da_precipitaziuns"></span>La schelira permanenta che sdreglia; pli grondas quantitads da precipitaziuns</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifitgar secziun: La schelira permanenta che sdreglia; pli grondas quantitads da precipitaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=22" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La schelira permanenta che sdreglia; pli grondas quantitads da precipitaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Alpine_glacier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alpine_glacier.jpg/220px-Alpine_glacier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alpine_glacier.jpg/330px-Alpine_glacier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Alpine_glacier.jpg/440px-Alpine_glacier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Glatscher en retratga</figcaption></figure> <p>A l’emprima egliada è l’instabilitad creschenta da la grippa bain d’attribuir als glatschers e champs da naiv che lieuan. Facticamain destabiliseschan però surtut dus auters facturs il terren: Per l’ina lomian las precipitaziuns creschentas las stresas superiuras da la terra; en regiuns situadas sutvart il cunfin da la schelira permanenta maina quai adina pli savens a sbuvaditschs. Per l’autra sa sposta il cunfin da la schelira permanenta en regiuns pli autas. Regiuns che vegnivan stabilisadas antruras tras la schelira permanenta èn uss expostas al schelar e sdregliar cuntinuant ed èn perquai destabilisadas. </p><p>Crudadas da grippa e bovas pericliteschan uschia numerus vitgs e vias. Cun agid da dustanzas emprov’ins da proteger valladas ed infrastructura. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rolla_areguard_la_bilantscha_da_l’aua"><span id="Rolla_areguard_la_bilantscha_da_l.E2.80.99aua"></span>Rolla areguard la bilantscha da l’aua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifitgar secziun: Rolla areguard la bilantscha da l’aua" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=23" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Rolla areguard la bilantscha da l’aua"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grazia a lur abilitad da reflectar la glisch dal sulegl reduceschan glatschers la temperatura locala. Tras quai promovan els la precipitaziun d’umiditad da l’aria en furma da naiv. Areguard la bilantscha d’aua da flums pli gronds na giogan els percunter praticamain nagina rolla. Per l’ina èn glatschers numnadamain be reservuars dad aua e betg funtaunas, per l’autra èn las quantitads d’aua specificas che vegnan absorbadas u dadas giu dals glatschers relativamain pitschnas, damai che omadus process succedan sur fitg lungs spazis da temp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reducziun_da_la_biodiversitad">Reducziun da la biodiversitad</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifitgar secziun: Reducziun da la biodiversitad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=24" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Reducziun da la biodiversitad"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ins suppona che la midada dal clima sforzia bleras spezias da plantas da translocar en autezzas pli autas. Mintga 100 m differenza d’autezza sa sbassa la temperatura per 0,6 kelvin (K); damai che la temperatura en las Alps è creschida ils ultims tschient onns in tras l’auter per 1,5 K, stuess teoreticamain sa laschar cumprovar in spustament a munt da radund 20 fin 25 m per decenni. Tenor retschertgas dal 1994 giascha quel be tar 4 m per decenni; novas retschertgas dal 2005 percunter discurran da 28±14 m per decenni. </p><p>Betg resguardà tar quest quint han ins il fatg che plantas autalpinas n’èn betg be s’adattadas en il decurs dal temp a la temperatura pli bassa, mabain er ad auters facturs sco ils radis ultraviolets, il vent, la mancanza d’aua, la cumposiziun da la terra, ils concurrents da nutriment e da glisch. Surtut la situaziun da concurrenza gioga ina rolla centrala: Las plantas autalpinas na creschan per ordinari betg en regiuns pauc ospitaivlas perquai ch’ellas na fissan betg vegnidas a frida cun meglras cundiziuns, mabain perquai ch’ils territoris cun meglras cundiziuns eran gia occupads d’autras plantas. En quel mument che quests concurrents las suondan en l’autezza, s’augmenta en in’emprima fasa la varietad da las spezias en l’autezza. Quai han ins pudì cumprovar cun cumparegliar la situaziun odierna cun quella d’avant 100 onns. A lunga vista supponan scienziads che radund in quart da las 400 spezias da plantas endemicas sajan en privel da svanir, perquai ch’ellas vegnan stgatschadas da lur spazis da viver. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biogeografia">Biogeografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifitgar secziun: Biogeografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=25" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Biogeografia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las Alps furman ina chadaina da muntognas interzonala, situada tranter il zonobiom VI (muntognas cun envierns fraids, segnadas da guauds cun plantas che perdan la feglia) en il nord ed il zonobiom IV (zonobiom mediterran) en il sid. Perquai sa differenzieschan la part settentriunala e la part meridiunala da las Alps vaira ferm ina da l’autra. Vitiers vegn la vegetaziun da las valladas interalpinas segnadas fitg ferm d’in clima continental. En las Alps tanscha il stgalim collinus fin ca. 400 m, il stgalim submontan da 400 fin 700 m. Sper il stgalim d’autezza e la dumonda sin tge vart che la spunda è exponida, gioga er la configuraziun dal terren ina rolla centrala areguard la vegetaziun che sa sviluppa. En quest connex èn surtut da numnar las differentas regiuns da chaltschina e silicat. Vitiers vegnan facturs sco il provediment d’aua u la dumonda quant spert che la cuverta da naiv sa schlia la primavaira. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifitgar secziun: Flora" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=26" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Flora"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg/220px-Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg/330px-Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg/440px-Breithorn_Enzian_2005-06-11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Giansaunas cun il Breithorn</figcaption></figure> <p>Las Alps furman il territori da derasaziun principal da radund 650 spezias da plantas cun flurs. Tut en tut cumparan en las Alps radund 6500 spezias. </p><p>La flora alpina cumpiglia blers elements arctic-alpins, per exempels il sfendacrap <i>Saxifraga aizoon</i>. Quels furman relicts da la fin da l’ultim temp fraid, cur che tundras dominavan en l’Europa Centrala. Igl existan er colliaziuns tar muntognas da l’Asia dal Nord (p.ex. <i>Gentiana verna</i>). Pervi da las glazialisaziun enconuscha la flora alpina relativamain paucas spezias endemicas; be en las Alps dal Sid ch’èn restadas senza glatsch cumparan pli gronds dumbers d’endemits. </p><p>Tge che dat en egl a l’intern da las Alps è quant fitg che la cumposiziun da las spezias sa differenziescha tranter las muntognas da chaltschina e quellas da silicat. A quai ha gia Franz Unger rendì attent il 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D’attribuir è quai d’ina vart a la cumposiziun chemica dal terren, per l’autra però er al fatg che terrens da chaltschina èn pli chauds e pli sitgs. Savens èn geners da plantas represchentads en las duas regiuns cun spezias ch’èn stretgamain parentadas (uschenumnada vicarianza ecologica). Sco exempels pon valair ils rododendrons cresta-cot pailusa e cresta-cot cotschna, ils feleschs <i>Asplenium ruta-muraria</i> ed <i>A. septentrionale</i>, las plantas pulstradas <i>Sedum album</i> e <i>S. annuum</i> sco er il charetsch plimatsch e charetsch tort. </p><p>La vegetaziun dependa pia da la cumposiziun da la crappa che prevala al lieu. Las differentas unitads èn mintgamai segnadas d’ina tipica vegetaziun regiunala. En las Alps da l’Ost è la part settentriunala surtut cuverta cun guauds maschadads da pigns; en las Alps Centralas prevalan vasts prads da muntogna sco er guauds da lareschs e da pigns. </p><p>Spezias da plantas che valan sco tipicas per las Alps han savens ina flur che dat spezialmain en egl. Quai vala surtut per la <a href="/wiki/Stailalva_alpina" title="Stailalva alpina">stailalva alpina</a>, las <a href="/wiki/Crestas-cot" title="Crestas-cot">crestas-cot</a> e las spezias da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giansaunas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giansaunas (n'exista betg)">giansaunas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stgalim_montan">Stgalim montan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifitgar secziun: Stgalim montan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=27" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Stgalim montan"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sin il stgalim montan domineschan las suandantas spezias ils guauds: </p> <ul><li>Successiun da stgalims d’autezza helvetica: En il clima temprà da l’Europa Centrala domineschan al nord da las Alps las suandantas spezias da giudim vers ensi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruver (n'exista betg)">ruver</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fau_verd" title="Fau verd">fau verd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pign" title="Pign">pign</a>.</li> <li>Successiun da stgalims d’autezza penninica: En las vals internas da las Alps Centralas, segnadas d’in clima continental sitg, sa preschenta la suandanta successiun: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tieu (n'exista betg)">tieu</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pign" title="Pign">pign</a> – <a href="/wiki/Schember" title="Schember">schember</a>/<a href="/wiki/Laresch" title="Laresch">laresch</a>. Qua sa chatta il cunfin da guaud radund 400 fin 600 m pli ad aut che a l’ur da las Alps.</li> <li>Successiun da stgalims d’autezza insubrica: A l’ur submediterran da las Alps è la successiun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruver_verd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruver verd (n'exista betg)">ruver verd</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chastagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chastagner (n'exista betg)">chastagner</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruver_pailus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruver pailus (n'exista betg)">ruver pailus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ruver_cumin" title="Ruver cumin">ruver cumin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fau_verd" title="Fau verd">fau verd</a>.</li></ul> <p>Il decurs dal cunfin aut dal guaud è oz per gronda part determinà tras l’uman e variescha fermamain (1400 bis 2000 m). L’economia alpestra ch’exista dapi tschientaners ha spustà aval il cunfin dal guaud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stgalim_subalpin">Stgalim subalpin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Modifitgar secziun: Stgalim subalpin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=28" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Stgalim subalpin"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il stgalim subalpin (fin ca. 1900–2200 m) furma la regiun da transiziun dal stgalim da guaud al stgalim alpin senza guaud. El è segnà d’ina sdrima da chagliom. En lieus sitgs sco ch’els prevalan sin crappa da carbonat ma er sin silicats è quai il zunder u tieu per terra, sin terrens d’arschiglia, sco ch’els cumparan a gronda surfatscha en regiuns da silicat, è quai l’<a href="/wiki/Ogn_verd" title="Ogn verd">ogn verd</a> (draussa). Omaduas plantas cuntanschan qua l’autezza d’in um. En valluns da lavinas descendan omaduas spezias er en regiuns pli bassas; perquai ch’ellas èn fitg elasticas, supportan ellas la pressiun da la naiv bundant meglier che lur concurrentas. En il stgalim subalpin superiur domineschan il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginaiver_nanin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginaiver nanin (n'exista betg)">ginaiver nanin</a> e las <a href="/wiki/Crestas-cot" title="Crestas-cot">crestas-cot</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stgalim_alpin">Stgalim alpin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Modifitgar secziun: Stgalim alpin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=29" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Stgalim alpin"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tar il stgalim alpin (fin ca. 2500–3000 m) sa tracti d’ina tundra muntagnarda; quella vegn furmada da divers pastgets che cuvran il terren en furma d’in tschispet anc vaira serrà. Decisiv per la vegetaziun è surtut la durada dal temp senza cuverta da naiv. Ulteriurs facturs èn la cumposiziun da la rasada da crappa e la dumonda quant exponì al vent ch’il singul lieu è (tut tenor po quel effectuar che la naiv vegn suflada davent l’enviern). Dals facturs numnads e dal reliev fitg malguliv resulta in mosaic da vegetaziun a pitschen spazi. </p><p>Las pli impurtantas societads da pastgets en las Alps da chaltschina èn <i>Caricetum ferrugineae</i> (sin terrens profunds), <i>Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis</i> (sin terrens pauc profunds) e <i>Caricetum firmae</i> (sin grip da chaltschina). Sin crappa acida domineschan <i>Caricetum curvulae</i> e sin pastgiras alpinas il tschispet da tschorf airi. Surtut pastgets da chaltschina èn segnads d’ina fitg gronda variaziun da las plantas. En lieus nua che la perioda senza naiv dura be dus mais domineschan da l’autra vart mistgels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stgalim_nival">Stgalim nival</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Modifitgar secziun: Stgalim nival" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=30" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Stgalim nival"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il stgalim nival sa chatta sur il cunfin da naiv climatic. Plantas prospereschan be là nua che la naiv vegn purtada davent (p.ex. tras il vent u lavinas) u lieua baud la primavaira. Ina cuverta da vegetaziun sco tala sa furma be en furma da singuls flatgs; savens creschan be singulas plantas. Radund 150 plantas cun flur muntan fin 3000 m, ultra da quai bleras fletgas. Ina da las plantas cun flur che munta il pli ad aut è il ranunchel da glatscher; il record d’autezza tegna però il sfendacrap <i>Saxifraga biflora</i> cun 4450 m al Dom de Mischabel en il Vallais. </p><p>Las surfatschas dals glatschers vegnan tranter auter colonisadas da <i>Chlamydomonas nivalis</i>, in’alga verda che chaschuna magari ina coluraziun cotschna da la naiv. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Modifitgar secziun: Fauna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=31" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fauna"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg/220px-Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg/330px-Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg/440px-Steinbock_2006_08_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Capricorn alpin</figcaption></figure> <p>En las autezzas pli bassas correspunda la fauna da las Alps a quella da las planiras circumdantas. En ils guauds da coniferas cumparan diversas spezias dal guaud da coniferas boreal. Quellas èn liadas a relaziuns umidas-frestgas, han recolonisà l’Europa suenter il temp da glatsch nà da l’ost e cumparan oz en l’Europa Centrala sulettamain en regiuns pli autas. Be en paucs refugis isolads ch’èn restads libers da glatsch durant ils temps da glatsch dal pleistocen han pudì surviver elements da la fauna preglaziala, uschia per exempel singulas glimajas u baus. </p><p>Blers animals da las Alps caracteristics vivan sur il cunfin dal guaud, en l’uschenumnà oreal. Tar intginas spezias sa lascha quai probablamain interpretar sco in sviar il spazi da viver dals umans. Bleras èn parentadas cun spezias da la tundra resp. cumparan là medemamain. En pli existan stretgas relaziuns cun autras autas muntognas. Tar la fauna da l’auta muntogna europeica sa tracti savens da restanzas da la fauna dal temp da glatsch, la quala è puspè svanida en las regiuns pli bassas suenter ch’il glatsch è luà; per quest process dovran ins il term disjuncziun d’areal. Tenor lur regiun d’origin vegnan differenziads tips da derasaziun arctoalpins (che derivan da las tundras) e boreoalpins (che derivan da la taiga). </p><p>Tipicas spezias da mammals èn tranter auter chamutsch, capricorn, muntanella e mieur-sfuigna sblatga. Tranter ils utschels èn da numnar curnagl, corv grond, tursch da cularin, squinz e pasler alpin, evla da la pizza, cratschla ed urblauna. En las Alps Slovenas ed en il parc natiral Adamello en il Trentino èn sa mantegnids fin oz <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urs_brin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urs brin (n'exista betg)">urs brins</a>. Nà da là e cun metter en libertad intenziunadamain èn ils urs uss er puspè sa derasads en autras parts da las Alps. Ils <a href="/wiki/Luf" title="Luf">lufs</a> èn vegnids extirpads en las Alps vers il 1900; a partir dal 1990 èn els però returnads nà da las Apenninas. L’evla da la pizza è bain derasada vastamain en l’emisfera nord; en l’Europa Centrala sa restrenscha ella però a las Alps e Carpatas. Plirs animals gronds che l’uman aveva extirpà, tranter auter il <a href="/wiki/Luf-tscherver" title="Luf-tscherver">luf-tscherver</a>, il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschess_barbet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tschess barbet (n'exista betg)">tschess barbet</a> ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tschess_cularin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tschess cularin (n'exista betg)">tschess cularin</a>, cumenzan puspè a s’etablir grazia a mesiras da protecziun e projects da metter en libertad. Tar intgins vertebrats sa lascha observar in dimorfissem lià a la stagiun: il pail u vestgì da plimas stgir da la stad vegn remplazzà l’enviern tras in vestgì da camufladi (p.ex. la lieur alva u l’urblauna). Tranter ils amfibis ha il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salamander_nair&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salamander nair (n'exista betg)">salamander nair</a> sviluppà in’adattaziun speziala als spazis da viver alpins. Igl è quai la suletta spezia da salamander ch’è vivipara. Il svilup da la larva en l’uterus da la femella dura tut tenor autezza dus fin trais onns. Uschia è questa spezia independenta d’auas da surfatscha, en las qualas las larvas d’autras spezias d’amfibis termineschan lur svilup. Il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salamander_alpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salamander alpin (n'exista betg)">salamander alpin</a> cumpara en autezzas fin a 2800 meters. </p><p>Er las duas spezias da reptils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luschard_brin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luschard brin (n'exista betg)">luschard brin</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipra_berus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipra berus (n'exista betg)">vipra berus</a> (pop. vipra cruschada), che vivan omaduas en las Alps tranter il stgalim muntan ed il stgalim alpin, han midà dal deponer ils ovs al cumportament vivipar. En questa moda èn els s’adattads a las cundiziuns exteriuras disfavuraivlas, surtut a las temperaturas bassas. En Svizra cumpara ultra da quai la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vipra_dal_Giura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vipra dal Giura (n'exista betg)">vipra dal Giura</a>, in’ulteriura spezia da serps ovovivipara, fin en autezzas da 3000 meters. </p><p>Tranter ils tipics insects da las Alps tutgan per exempel represchentants pailus dals tavauns (<i>Bombus alpinus</i>), entant ch’i predomineschan tranter ils splerins surtut spezias stgiras, per exempel il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinet_da_glatscher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinet da glatscher (n'exista betg)">brinet da glatscher</a>. Er spezias cleras sco il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blauet_alpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blauet alpin (n'exista betg)">blauet alpin</a> u l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_alpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apollo alpin (n'exista betg)">apollo alpin</a> muntan però tuttavia en autezzas fin ca. 3000 meters. Spezias da filiens che fan tailas-filien radundas n’èn percunter betg represchentadas en l’autezza, probablamain pervi dal dumber d’insects sgulants reducì e pervi dals vents ferms. </p><p>Tar las paucas spezias d’animals che vivan en la zona nivala tutgan il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pilesch_da_glatscher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pilesch da glatscher (n'exista betg)">pilesch da glatscher</a> ch’è da colur naira e pailus e ch’appartegna als cua-sigliots (insects primars) sco er <i>Trechus glacialis</i>, ina spezia dals baus curridurs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Il_territori_da_las_Alps_entaifer_l’Europa_da_las_regiuns"><span id="Il_territori_da_las_Alps_entaifer_l.E2.80.99Europa_da_las_regiuns"></span>Il territori da las Alps entaifer l’Europa da las regiuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Modifitgar secziun: Il territori da las Alps entaifer l’Europa da las regiuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=32" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Il territori da las Alps entaifer l’Europa da las regiuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ils pajais da las Alps, ordinads tenor lur cumpart a la surfatscha totala da las Alps, èn: <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a> e <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. </p><p>Sur lung temp ha dominà en il territori alpin la furmaziun da cunfins en rom dal naziunalissem. A partir dal 1970 è sa fatg valair il trend cuntrari en furma da la collavuraziun transcunfinala.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cun la Convenziun da las Alps, la Cuminanza da lavur da las regiuns alpinas (ARGE ALP) e la Cumissiun internaziunala per la protecziun da las Alps (CIPRA) èn sa furmads – sco en autras parts da l’Europa er – gremis da collavuraziun che s’occupan a nivel politic dals problems da las valladas alpinas e dals centers vischins. Er entaifer il concept da svilup territorial da l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_europeica" title="Uniun europeica">Uniun europeica</a> EUREK vegn il spazi alpin chapì sco atgna regiun; projects da collavuraziun vegnan sustegnids tenor ils criteris fixads en rom dal project INTERREG. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonisaziun_e_traffic">Colonisaziun e traffic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colonisaziun e traffic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=33" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colonisaziun e traffic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Rheintal..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rheintal..jpg/280px-Rheintal..jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rheintal..jpg/420px-Rheintal..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Rheintal..jpg/560px-Rheintal..jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>Sguard dal Vorarlberg (Lauterach) en direcziun da las Alps Glarunaisas</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zonas_da_colonisaziun">Zonas da colonisaziun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Modifitgar secziun: Zonas da colonisaziun" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=34" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Zonas da colonisaziun"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las Alps èn en emprima lingia vegnidas colonisadas e rendidas accessiblas en las valladas principalas, e quai surtut sche quellas sa chattan a las axas da transit u s’avran vers batschigls pli gronds. Daspera han ins er avert antruras regiuns a l’industria da minieras e dapi l’entschatta dal 20avel tschientaner centers che servan exclusivamain ad intents turistics (centers da cura, d’alpinissem etc.). La zona da colonisaziun principala furman però vinavant las regiuns situadas a l’ur da las Alps; la gronda part da las citads alpinas sa chattan là nua che flums sortan da las Alps vers las regiuns prealpinas. </p><p>Entant che commerzi, mastergn ed industria sa concentreschan en questas zonas da colonisaziun principalas, è la zona da colonisaziun agricula bler pli vasta e vegn per part utilisada be a moda extensiva. Bundant 40 % da la surfatscha da las Alps n’èn insumma betg abitads sur onn, mabain servan sco territori d’alpegiada, furman regiuns d’economia forestala u èn dal tuttafatg nunutilisabels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fugia_da_la_champagna_e_fugia_da_las_citads">Fugia da la champagna e fugia da las citads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Modifitgar secziun: Fugia da la champagna e fugia da las citads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=35" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fugia da la champagna e fugia da las citads"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il fatg che las zonas da colonisaziun e d’utilisaziun economica èn limitadas, ha manà al fenomen da la fugia da la champagna, il qual ha chaschunà a partir dal 16avel tschientaner ina depopulaziun creschenta da las Alps. Pli tard è anc vegnida vitiers la depopulaziun interalpina vers ils centers. Quest trend è pir sa reducì vers la fin dal 20avel tschientaner, e quai er be en tschertas regiuns. Oz vivan en las Alps radund 13,6 milliuns abitants, il 1950 eran quai 10,8 milliuns ed il 1870 7,8 milliuns; resguardond lur entira surfatscha, giascha la creschientscha però sut la media da tut ils pajais da las Alps. Be l’<a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> han pudì augmentar l’effectiv da la populaziun (cun in focus extrem en la <a href="/wiki/Baviera" title="Baviera">Baviera</a>, incl. ils territoris da cunfin austriacs), en <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a> ed en <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> è quel a lunga vista pli u main stabil (en Frantscha èn però radund 90 % da tut las vischnancas alpinas segnadas da la fugia vers ils centers), en l’<a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> percunter ha il territori alpin pers stgars in quart da sia populaziun a regiuns vischinas (fugia en la citad; situaziuns extremas: Friul ed Alps piemuntaisas).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Adina puspè è l’istorgia da la colonisaziun da las Alps er stada segnada da catastrofas da lavinas ubain da bovas ed inundaziuns catastrofalas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citads">Citads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Modifitgar secziun: Citads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=36" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Citads"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A l’intern da las Alps è <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grenoble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grenoble (n'exista betg)">Grenoble</a> la pli gronda citad, suandà dad <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a> (Puntina) e da <a href="/wiki/Trient" class="mw-disambig" title="Trient">Trient</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bulsaun" title="Bulsaun">Bulsaun</a>. En Svizra sa chattan <a href="/wiki/Cuira" title="Cuira">Cuira</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano</a> en las Alps. Ulteriuras citads alpinas èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klagenfurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klagenfurt (n'exista betg)">Klagenfurt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Villach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Villach (n'exista betg)">Villach</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bregenz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bregenz (n'exista betg)">Bregenz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dornbirn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dornbirn (n'exista betg)">Dornbirn</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Feldkirch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Feldkirch (n'exista betg)">Feldkirch</a>. Da menziunar è ultra da quai <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a>, la chapitala dal Principadi da Liechtenstein. La citad da las Alps – ed a medem temp da l’entira Europa – situada il pli ad aut e <a href="/wiki/Tavau" title="Tavau">Tavau</a>. </p><p>Da las citads che sa chattan en proxima vischinanza da las Alps è <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> per lunschor la pli gronda, suandà da <a href="/wiki/Genevra" title="Genevra">Genevra</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizza (n'exista betg)">Nizza</a>. Ulteriuras impurtantas citads èn – da l’ost vers il vest – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maribor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maribor (n'exista betg)">Maribor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Graz (n'exista betg)">Graz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udine (n'exista betg)">Udine</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salzburg (n'exista betg)">Salzburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicenza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicenza (n'exista betg)">Vicenza</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verona (n'exista betg)">Verona</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brescia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brescia (n'exista betg)">Brescia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bergamo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bergamo (n'exista betg)">Bergamo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Son_Gagl" title="Son Gagl">Son Gagl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lecco" title="Lecco">Lecco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Como" class="mw-redirect" title="Como">Como</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Varese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Varese (n'exista betg)">Varese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucerna" title="Lucerna">Lucerna</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savona (n'exista betg)">Savona</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biella (n'exista betg)">Biella</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=San_Remo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Remo (n'exista betg)">San Remo</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cuneo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cuneo (n'exista betg)">Cuneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berna" title="Berna">Berna</a> e <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic_da_transit">Traffic da transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Modifitgar secziun: Traffic da transit" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=37" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Traffic da transit"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Grand_St-Bernard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grand_St-Bernard.jpg/220px-Grand_St-Bernard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grand_St-Bernard.jpg/330px-Grand_St-Bernard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Grand_St-Bernard.jpg/440px-Grand_St-Bernard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Grond Son Bernard</figcaption></figure> <p>Per il traffic transeuropeic furman las Alps in impediment natiral che po be vegnir surmuntà sur tschertas rutas che mainan sur pass da muntogna u tras tunnels. Muntada speziala han cuntanschì quels pass che percurran directamain la part centrala da las Alps dal nord al sid u viceversa tras valladas bain accessiblas e betg periclitadas memia ferm d’auazuns u lavinas, uschia ch’i sa lascha evitar da stuair surmuntar in segund pass. Passadis sco il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Col_de_Montgen%C3%A8vre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Col de Montgenèvre (n'exista betg)">Col de Montgenèvre</a> u il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grond_Son_Bernard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grond Son Bernard (n'exista betg)">Grond Son Bernard</a> en las Alps Occidentalas ubain ils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass_dal_Set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pass dal Set (n'exista betg)">Pass dal Set</a> e dal <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Güglia">Güglia</a> en las Alps Centralas èn gia vegnids schlargiads dals Romans a vias da traffic, medemamain il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass_dal_Raisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pass dal Raisch (n'exista betg)">Pass dal Raisch</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenner (n'exista betg)">Brenner</a> en l’ost. Autras rutas legendaras sco quella da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannibal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannibal (n'exista betg)">Hannibal</a> cun si’armada (probablamain sur il Col de Clapier) n’èn betg sa sviluppadas ad axas da traffic principalas. Vers la fin da l’antica èn menziunadas en l’‹Itinerarium Antonini› ed en la ‹Tabula Peutingeriana› set passadis che mainan directamain sur la part centrala da las Alps. En il decurs dal temp medieval han ins rendì transiblas vias d’access sco la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chavorgia_da_la_Scalina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chavorgia da la Scalina (n'exista betg)">Chavorgia da la Scalina</a> (ca. 1230) e la <a href="/wiki/Viamala" title="Viamala">Viamala</a> (1473); tras quai èn il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Son_Gottard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Son Gottard (n'exista betg)">Son Gottard</a> resp. il <a href="/wiki/Pass_dal_Spleia" title="Pass dal Spleia">Pass dal Spleia</a> ed il <a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino" class="mw-redirect" title="San Bernardino">San Bernardino</a> daventads pli impurtants, entant ch’il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass_dal_Set&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pass dal Set (n'exista betg)">Pass dal Set</a> ed il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pass_dal_Lucmagn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pass dal Lucmagn (n'exista betg)">Pass dal Lucmagn</a> èn vegnids frequentads pli pauc. Gia vers il 1430 vegniva bundant 90 % dal traffic a distanza tranter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augsburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augsburg (n'exista betg)">Augsburg</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venezia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Venezia (n'exista betg)">Venezia</a> – 6500 vitgiras ad onn – manà sur il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenner (n'exista betg)">Brenner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suenter avair schlargià ils onns 1480/90 pliras vias d’access, è il Brenner daventà definitivamain il passadi il pli frequentà da las Alps Orientalas. </p><p>I suonda ina survista da las pli impurtantas transversalas da las Alps (dal vest vers l’ost): </p> <ul><li>Marseille – Nizza – Pass da Tenda – Cuneo – Turin</li> <li>Avignon – Sisteron – Barcelonnette – Col de Larche/Colle della Maddalena – Cuneo – Mondovì – Genua</li> <li>Nîmes – Tarascon – Apt – Sisteron – Briançon – Col de Montgenèvre – Susa – Turin (Via Domitia)</li> <li>Vienne – Chambéry – Albertville – Bourg-Saint-Maurice – Pitschen Son Bernard – Val d’Aosta – Milaun (Alpis Graia)</li> <li>Lyon – Chambéry – Mont Cenis u Fréjus – Susa – Turin</li> <li>Dijon – Genevra – Chamonix – Mont Blanc – Aosta – Turin</li> <li>Besançon – Losanna – Martigny – Grond Son Bernard – Val d’Aosta – Vercelli – Pavia – Piacenza – Parma (Alpis Pœnina)</li> <li>Dijon – Losanna – Brig – Simplon – Domodossola – Milaun</li> <li>Karlsruhe – Freiburg en Br. – Basilea – Berna – Lötschberg – Brig – Simplon – Domodossola – Milaun</li> <li>Stuttgart – Turitg – Lucerna – Göschenen – Son Gottard – Airolo – Bellinzona – Milaun</li> <li>Ulm – Memmingen – Bregenz – Cuira – San Bernardin – Bellinzona – Milaun</li> <li>Augsburg – Füssen – Reutte – Fernpass – Imst – Landeck – Reschenpass – Meran – Bulsaun – Verona (Via Claudia Augusta)</li> <li>Augsburg – Landsberg am Lech – (u Minca –) Garmisch-Partenkirchen – Mittenwald – Seefelder Sattel – Innsbruck – Brenner – Bulsaun – Verona (Via Raetia)</li> <li>Minca – Rosenheim–Kufstein – Innsbruck – Brenner – Bulsaun – Verona</li> <li>Minca – Rosenheim – Bad Reichenhall – Salzburg – Radstädter Tauernpass – Spittal – Villach – Udine – Portogruaro – Mestre u Spittal – Villach – Udine – Triest</li> <li>Wels – Pyhrnpass – Liezen – Graz – Maribor – Ljubljana – Triest</li> <li>Vienna – Wiener Neustadt – Semmering – Bruck an der Mur – Graz – Maribor – Ljubljana – Triest</li></ul> <p>Las pli impurtantas rutas da transit interalpinas che collian las valladas longitudinalas principalas èn: </p> <ul><li>Nizza – Digne-les-Bains – Gap – Grenoble – Chambéry – Genevra</li> <li>Genevra/Losanna – Brig – Furca – Pass da l’Alpsu – Cuira – Bludenz – Arlberg – Innsbruck – Zell am See – Bischofshofen – Liezen – Semmering – Wiener Neustadt – Vienna</li> <li>Como – Sondrio – Stilfser Joch u Passo del Tonale – Bulsaun – Lienz – Villach – Klagenfurt – Packsattel – Graz</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Industrialisaziun_e_viafier">Industrialisaziun e viafier</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Modifitgar secziun: Industrialisaziun e viafier" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=38" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Industrialisaziun e viafier"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En il decurs dal temp è la rait da transit tras las Alps sa sviluppada adina pli spert: da sendas da sauma per mils e chavals cun lur chargia a las emprimas vias da pass dal 19avel tschientaner fin a las lingias da viafier ed autostradas dal 19avel e 20avel tschientaner. Mess ad ir il traffic da transit modern ha en il 19avel tschientaner la viafier cun prestaziuns da piunier sco la viafier da Semmering – l’emprima viafier da muntogna a binaris normals en l’Europa – u la viafier dal Gottard. L’ultim temp han ins bajegià u planisà diversas novas transversalas da viafier tras las Alps: </p> <ul><li>En Svizra la Nova lingia da viafier tras las Alps che cumpiglia las axas dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%B6tschberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lötschberg (n'exista betg)">Lötschberg</a> e dal <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottard (n'exista betg)">Gottard</a>.</li> <li>En l’Austria la nova viafier sur il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brenner (n'exista betg)">Brenner</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tauern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tauern (n'exista betg)">Tauern</a> ed en avegnir er il tunnel da basa dal Brenner.</li> <li>En Frantscha ed Italia la nova viafier tras il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mont-Cenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mont-Cenis (n'exista betg)">Mont-Cenis</a>.</li></ul> <p>Pervi dals privels da la natira e las sfidas topograficas èn projects da traffic tras las Alps adina colliads cun auts custs. Il traffic da transit motorisà è ultra da quai collià cun grevezzas per l’ambient; perquai han la populaziun ed organisaziuns da protecziun da l’ambient gia bloccà repetidamain vias en las regiuns <a href="/wiki/Tirol" title="Tirol">Tirol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Savoia (n'exista betg)">Savoia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Piemunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Piemunt">Piemunt</a>, ed en <a href="/wiki/Svizra" title="Svizra">Svizra</a> è vegnida acceptada l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Iniziativa_da_las_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iniziativa da las Alps (n'exista betg)">Iniziativa da las Alps</a> che prevesa da spustar il traffic da transit tant sco pussaivel sin la viafier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anteriurs_stadis_da_pass">Anteriurs stadis da pass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=39" title="Modifitgar secziun: Anteriurs stadis da pass" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=39" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Anteriurs stadis da pass"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Associaziuns purilas che servivan oriundamain a l’utilisaziun communabla da resursas (p.ex. alps) han manà en il temp medieval tardiv a la furmaziun da structuras politicas ch’ins numna stadis da pass, perquai che quellas s’extendevan dad omaduas varts da las Alps. Sper la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lia_da_Brian%C3%A7on&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lia da Briançon (n'exista betg)">Lia da Briançon</a> èn da numnar la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Veglia_Confederaziun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veglia Confederaziun (n'exista betg)">Veglia Confederaziun</a>, las <a href="/wiki/Trais_Lias" class="mw-redirect" title="Trais Lias">Trais Lias</a>, il contadi dal <a href="/wiki/Tirol" title="Tirol">Tirol</a> e l’archuvestgieu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salzburg (n'exista betg)">Salzburg</a>. A basa da questas structuras politicas èn ins sa stentà da far valair libertads alpinas a moda sumeglianta sco che faschevan quai las citads imperialas. Quests stadis da pass controllavan tras lur posiziun strategica il traffic da transit ed incassavan duanas per passar lur territori. </p><p>Il pli tard ils stadis naziunals dal 19avel tschientaner èn però sa stentads d’integrar il territori alpin che sa chattava ord lur optica en ina posiziun periferica. Quai ha per exempel gì per consequenza ch’il Tirol è vegnì dividì tranter l’Austria e l’Italia. La Svizra è il sulet stadi da pass alpin ch’ha pudì sa mantegnair fin oz. Il stadi federativ da la Confederaziun è vegnì transfurmà l’onn 1848 cun la fundaziun dal stadi federal en in stadi naziunal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia_culturala">Istorgia culturala</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=40" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia culturala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=40" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia culturala"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint relarticle mainarticle"><i>Artitgel principal: <a href="/wiki/Istorgia_da_las_Alps" title="Istorgia da las Alps">Istorgia da las Alps</a></i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultura_da_muntogna">Agricultura da muntogna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=41" title="Modifitgar secziun: Agricultura da muntogna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=41" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Agricultura da muntogna"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg/220px-Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg/330px-Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg/440px-Kufstein_Almabtrieb_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="959" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Stgargiada d’alp en il Kufstein</figcaption></figure> <p>En las Alps ha l’agricultura neolitica remplazzà vers 4500 a.C. ils chatschaders e rimnaders dal temp mesolitic. A l’entschatta han ils guauds spess difficultà l’utilisaziun da pli gronds territoris sco pastgiras; en il decurs dal temp è alura sa sviluppada en il territori alpin la transhumanza, tar la quala ils animals passentan la stad en las autezzas e l’enviern en la val. Circa a medem temp è vegnida vitiers l’autarchia alpina cun agricultura ed allevament d’animals en territoris gia runcads, quai ch’ha pussibilità da restar al lieu durant tut l’onn. </p><p>Quest’economia (pli u main) autarca è sa sviluppada a moda differenta en il nord ed en il sid da las Alps: En il territori german dominava cleramain l’allevament d’animals; en il territori roman era la cultivaziun dad ers però represchentada tuttina ferm. Quai ha manà a differentas modas da sa nutrir sco er a structuras da famiglia e da colonisaziun divergentas. </p><p>Tranter il 1600 ed il 1850 è surtut sa sviluppada en la part settentriunala da las Alps in’atgna cultura da purs da muntogna ch’è tranter auter sa manifestada en furma da magnificas chasas da purs en lain. Dà paisa han ins qua betg il davos ad in’utilisaziun persistenta da la natira sco protecziun cunter privels da la natira (p.ex. en furma da giuradas). </p><p>En il 19avel tschientaner ha l’industrialisaziun cuntanschì il spazi alpin. Ma fatg fin cun la posiziun predominanta da l’agricultura da muntogna n’ha la finala betg quella, mabain il sectur dals servetschs ch’ha manà en il decurs dal 20avel tschientaner en furma dal turissem daners en las valladas alpinas. Bleras forzas da lavur ch’eran daventadas danvanz en l’agricultura èn sinaquai emigradas. Il squitsch economic creschent ha diminuì en la segunda mesadad dal 20avel tschientaner supplementarmain la diversitad en l’agricultura e selvicultura; grazia a la mecanisaziun sa laschan las lavurs correspundentas bain far pli tgunsch, però na rendan quellas savens betg. Cuntrapais ha per part pudì dar qua il svilup vers la producziun biologica ed ils pajaments directs per la tgira da la cuntrada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gruppas_culturalas_e_linguisticas">Gruppas culturalas e linguisticas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=42" title="Modifitgar secziun: Gruppas culturalas e linguisticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=42" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Gruppas culturalas e linguisticas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En il temp medieval tempriv èn las Alps sa sviluppadas al cunfin linguistic e cultural tranter gruppas linguisticas germanas en il nord e romanas en il sid e vest; en l’ost (Slovenia) tanscha la cultura e lingua dals Slavs dal Sid fin a l’ur da las Alps. La varietad dialectala ch’era sa furmada pli baud pervi da l’isolaziun da las singulas valladas sa perda oz adina dapli. Malgrà la concurrenza da vart da la lingua tudestga e taliana han pudì sa mantegnair las linguas pitschnas alpinas retorumantsch, ladin e furlan. In interessant fenomen ord vista da l’istorgia da la lingua furma la derasaziun dals dialects alemans dals <a href="/wiki/Gualsers" title="Gualsers">Gualsers</a> nà dal Vallais Sura fin al cunfin dal Tirol. Questa migraziun ha gì lieu en il 13avel e 14avel tschientaner ed è stada colliada cun prender en possess e cultivar en la nova patria pradas situadas en gronda autezza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradiziuns_ed_usits">Tradiziuns ed usits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=43" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tradiziuns ed usits" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=43" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tradiziuns ed usits"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las festivitads e las isanzas popularas en il territori alpin èn enragischadas fermamain en l’istorgia e la religiun. Per part èn quellas sa sviluppadas en colliaziun cun ditgas e raquints che tractan savens da dieus e demunis. Ils umans vulevan scungirar las forzas da la natira e sa proteger cunter privels da la natira. Cur ch’il cristianissem è avanzà en il temp medieval tempriv en la regiun alpina, èn usits pajauns sa maschadads cun festas cristianas. Ils umens da crap paran per exempel d’avair servì tant ad intents pratics sco er cultics. Ina rolla centrala entaifer las tradiziuns alpinas e la musica populara alpina ha adina giugà l’element puril. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mitus_Alps">Mitus Alps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=44" title="Modifitgar secziun: Mitus Alps" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=44" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Mitus Alps"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La recepziun dal spazi alpin en il temp modern oscillescha – sco tar tut las cuntradas segnadas d’extrems – tranter dus pols entretschads stretgamain, il mitus da la forza da la natira e la purezza da la natira. Quai ch’era vegnì considerà pli baud sco ina cuntrada selvadia abitada da purs rubiestis e da draguns privlus, han picturs, viagiaturs e litterats cumenzà a descriver sco cuntrada mirvegliusa. </p><p>L’enconuschent perscrutader da la natira genevrais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dict_de_Saussure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace-Bénédict de Saussure (n'exista betg)">Horace-Bénédict de Saussure</a> ha collià vers la fin dal 18avel tschientaner en sias descripziuns da viadi l’exploraziun scientifica cun il sentiment estetic. Cun ils viadis da ses contemporan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goethe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goethe (n'exista betg)">Goethe</a> tras las Alps è la muntogna er vegnida recepida en la Germania sco fenomen. Il pictur da las Alps <a href="/w/index.php?title=E.T._Compton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E.T. Compton (n'exista betg)">E.T. Compton</a> ha sviluppà en il 19avel tschientaner la pictura da muntognas sco agen motiv, vul dir che na dovra quellas betg sco culissa, mabain las represchenta sco ‹persunalitads›. Sco simbol da la mistificaziun da las Alps en lur purezza e maiestusadad è vegnida represchentada en la pictura e litteratura da la romantica fin oz nundumbraivlas giadas la traglischur da la pizza; tar quella sa tracti – formulà in pau main poetic – da la reflexiun dal cotschen da la damaun resp. da la saira. </p><p>Il turissem alpin d’ina societad pli e pli burgaisa en il 19avel tschientaner chapescha las Alps er sco sfida en rom da la quala il singul individi sa stenta da ‹victorisar la muntogna›, e quai a medem temp per sa cumprovar e per vegnir pli datiers da Dieu. Las numerusas cruschs che vegnan tschentadas sisum ils pizs simboliseschan quest champ da tensiun tranter respect e voluntad da victorisar. En rom da quest nov maletg da las Alps sa mida er la recepziun dals abitants da las Alps. Gist la Svizra, idealisada sco ‹democrazia alpina›, ed il ‹liber pajais Tirol› vivan anc oz dal mitus da las Alps ch’è vegnì stgaffì dal temp da la romantica, e quai cumbain che auturs sco <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Frisch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Frisch (n'exista betg)">Max Frisch</a> u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Flora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Flora (n'exista betg)">Paul Flora</a> han empruvà da far frunt a questa mistificaziun. En Frantscha ed en l’Italia manca percunter savens in’atgnadad culturala connotada a moda positiva; qua èn las provinzas alpinas restadas fin oz culturalmain en ina posiziun periferica. La Slovenia moderna recurra en ses process da sa dissolver dal Balcan sapientivamain als mitus da las Alps ed integrescha quellas en si’identitad sco ‹pajais da la multifariadad›. </p><p>Durant l’<a href="/wiki/Emprima_Guerra_mundiala" title="Emprima Guerra mundiala">Emprima Guerra mundiala</a> èn vastas parts da las Alps da l’Ost stadas cumpigliadas en la front da las Alps ch’ha manà a cumbats ordvart sanguinus. Da las devastaziuns da la <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_mundiala" title="Segunda Guerra mundiala">Segunda Guerra mundiala</a> èn las Alps percunter stadas relativamain schanegiadas. Tant il maletg idealisant da l’abitant da las Alps sco cumbattant cunter la natira e l’inimi dals decennis da guerra e tranterguerras sco er la situaziun economica ch’era – cumpareglià cun l’ulteriura Europa – relativamain intacta en il suenterguerra han transfurmà il maletg da las Alps dal ‹territori da svilup pover e sutsviluppà› da l’illuminissem a l’incarnaziun dal ‹mund intact› (sco che quai vegn per exempel preschentà en il film u en il schlagher alpin). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turissem">Turissem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=45" title="Modifitgar secziun: Turissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=45" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Turissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg/220px-Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg/330px-Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg/440px-Verbier-Ausbau-2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Verbier (2012)</figcaption></figure> <p>Las Alps èn vegnidas avertas intensivamain per intents turistics. Gia en il 19avel tschientaner discurrivan ils Englais da las Alps sco ‹playground of Europe›. La multifariadad da la cuntrada, il grond dumber d’attracziuns culturalas e las relaziuns climaticas adattadas porschan quasi premissas optimalas per trair a niz las Alps per il turissem. </p><p>En il turissem da stad prevalan il turissem da recreaziun (viandar, far bogn en ils lais situads a l’ur da las Alps e.a.) sco er las activitads sportivas (alpinissem, velo da muntogna e.a.). En il turissem d’enviern furman las Alps ina da las pli attractivas destinaziuns en tut il mund per far sport d’enviern (surtut il sport da skis en tut sias variaziuns). Ils ultims decennis è il turissem d’enviern daventà en vastas parts da las Alps pli impurtant ch’il turissem da stad che dominava oriundamain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Istorgia_dal_turissem">Istorgia dal turissem</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=46" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia dal turissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=46" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia dal turissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per la populaziun indigena finiva l’interess per las muntognas tradiziunalmain al cunfin da la vegetaziun. Vers la fin dal 18avel tschientaner hai alura dà – per ordinari da vart da persunas d’ordaifer – inqual primascensiun che serviva savens a glorifitgar il signur territorial en il senn da l’absolutissem. </p><p>En il decurs dal 19avel tschientaner han surtut turists englais influenzà il svilup dal turissem alpin en direcziun d’in turissem individual. Gia da quel temp organisava l’Englais <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cook&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cook (n'exista betg)">Thomas Cook</a> viadis en massa da l’Engalterra en las Alps. Ils emprims onns han ins fatg quests viadis la stad, ma gia l’onn 1864 ha l’Hotel Kulm a <a href="/wiki/San_Murezzan" title="San Murezzan">San Murezzan</a> ristgà da far il pass vers la stagiun d’enviern ed ha uschia quasi ‹inventà› il turissem d’enviern. </p><p>La Belle Epoque ha avert las Alps sco spazi da recreaziun er per las classas socialas superiuras. Da quel temp èn vegnids erigids en ils lieus da cura nundumbraivels hotels e villas ed il turissem alpin ha definitivamain pudì fitgar pe. En lieus da cura tradiziunals è però la stad restada la stagiun principala fin ils onns 1970. </p><p>Il suenterguerra èn las Alps alura daventadas la destinaziun d’ina societad urbana, l’emprim sco spazi per sa revegnir dal sgurdin economic, alura sco culissa da passatemp e sport, sco simbol da status d’in standard da viver elevà. Dapi ca. il 1965 ha pudì sa sviluppar, er grazia a la meglra infrastructura da traffic, il turissem da massa. Il turissem da sport d’enviern cun sias telefericas e ses runals è daventà per ils abitants da las Alps adina pli impurtant, fin a l’erecziun da veritablas citads da retorta en las Alps franzosas. </p><p>Suenter la midada dal millenni èn er vacanzas da viandar daventadas puspè cleramain pli attractivas. Quellas valan sco exempel da model per in turissem miaivel ed ecologicamain cumpatibel, surtut sch’ellas mainan en regiuns perifericas, smanatschadas da la depopulaziun e gidan là a segirar a la populaziun indigena ina funtauna d’entrada. A quest tip da turissem servan diversas sendas a lunga distanza, sco per exempel las Sendas culturalas da la Svizra, u la Via Alpina che traversa schizunt tut ils otg stadis da las Alps. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Schanzas_e_privels">Schanzas e privels</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=47" title="Modifitgar secziun: Schanzas e privels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=47" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Schanzas e privels"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Per bleras vischnancas alpinas è il turissem daventà prest la suletta funtauna d’entradas, da la quala dependan er il mastergn ed il commerzi. Il turissem da massa generescha plazzas da lavur ed entradas regiunalas, quai che sminuescha il privel da stuair ir davent. En bleras regiuns sa concentrescha il turissem però be a moda punctuala sin singuls vitgs, citads u ressorts da skis; en las regiuns senza turissem promova quai pir da dretg l’emigraziun. E propi fruntan ins en las Alps savens in sper l’auter sin territoris segnads intensivamain dal turissem ed auters che n’enconuschan praticamain nagin turissem. Quai vala surtut per il territori alpin talian e maina savens al fenomen da la fugia da la muntogna. </p><p>Ils umans en las Alps dependan fermamain dal turissem da massa; i sa sviluppan monostructuras turisticas, a las qualas èn suttamessas tut ils secturs da la vita. Atgnadads u particularitads regiunalas pon uschia tut tenor degenerar a clischés. Ultra da quai èn las cundiziuns da lavur en il turissem savens pauc attractivas (temps da lavur nunreglads, pajas bassas, bleras plazzas da lavur stagiunalas). Persunas che na vulan betg sa suttametter a questas cundiziuns da lavur èn, per mancanza d’alternativas, sfurzadas pir da dretg d’ir davent u da pendular. </p><p>Protecturs da l’ambient en tut l’Europa ed er blers indigens crititgeschan adina dapli ils donns ch’il turissem da massa chaschuna e rendan attent als cunfins da l’utilisaziun turistica da las Alps. Gia en bleras valladas alpinas frunta in’ulteriura amplificaziun da l’infrastructura turistica sin cunfins, surtut er perquai che privels da la natira limiteschan la surfatscha che stat a disposiziun. Quai han gia mussà divers incidents tragics sco per exempel la catastrofa da lavinas a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galt%C3%BCr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galtür (n'exista betg)">Galtür</a> dal 1999. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=48" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=48" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">W. Pfeifer: <i>Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Deutschen</i>. Minca 2005, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3423325119" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-423-32511-9</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O. Cuntz: <i>Die Geographie des Ptolemäus.</i> Berlin 1923.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061124060804/https://dspace.msh-alpes.prd.fr/bitstream/1801/167/2/RGA_2001-4_03-DEBARDIE.pdf"><i>Différenciation et désignation géographique des objets alpins</i>, Debarbieux 2001</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Bätzing: <i>Kleines Alpen-Lexikon: Umwelt, Wirtschaft, Kultur</i>, (<i>Beck’sche Reihe</i>, 1205), C.H. Beck 1997, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3406420052" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-406-42005-2</a>, p. 77–79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Franz Unger: <i>Über den Einfluss des Bodens auf die Vertheilung der Gewächse, nachgewiesen in der Vegetation des nordöstlichen Tirols</i>. Rohrmann und Schweigerd, Vienna 1836.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hans Köchler (ed.): <i>Transnationale Zusammenarbeit in der Alpenregion</i>. (=<i>Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Wissenschaft und Politik</i>, tom 2). Innsbruck 1973.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Bätzing: <i>Die aktuellen Veränderungen von Umwelt, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Bevölkerung in den Alpen</i>. Berlin 2002 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/publikation/long/2150.pdf">pdf</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Kluger: <i>Die Fugger in Augsburg</i>, p. 13, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783939645634" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-939645-63-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=49" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=49" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Werner Bätzing: <i>Die Alpen – Geschichte und Zukunft einer europäischen Kulturlandschaft</i>. 4. ed., C.H. Beck, Minca 2015, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783406673399" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-67339-9</a>.</li> <li>Jon Mathieu: <i>Die Alpen. Raum – Kultur – Geschichte.</i> Reclam, Stuttgart 2015, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783150110294" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-15-011029-4</a>.</li> <li>Bernhard Edmaier, Angelika Jung-Hüttl: <i>Kunstwerk Alpen</i>. Bergverlag Rother, Unterhaching 2012, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783763370603" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-7633-7060-3</a>.</li> <li>Heinz Veit: <i>Die Alpen – Geoökologie und Landschaftsentwicklung.</i> 2. ed., UTB Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002.</li> <li>Werner Bätzing: <i>Zwischen Wildnis und Freizeitpark. Eine Streitschrift zur Zukunft der Alpen.</i> Rotpunktverlag, Turitg 2015, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783858696489" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-85869-648-9</a>.</li> <li>Patrick Brauns: <i>Die Berge rufen. Alpen Sprachen Mythen.</i> Verlag Huber, Frauenfeld 2002.</li> <li>Martina Kopf: <i>Alpinismus – Andinismus. Gebirgslandschaften in europäischer und lateinamerikanischer Literatur.</i> Metzler, Stuttgart 2016, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783476055941" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-476-05594-1</a></li> <li>Uwe A. Oster: <i>Wege über die Alpen. Von der Frühzeit bis heute.</i> Darmstadt 2006, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/389678269X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-89678-269-X</a>.</li> <li>Claude Reichler: <i>Entdeckung einer Landschaft. Reisende, Schriftsteller, Künstler und ihre Alpen.</i> Rotpunkt-Verlag, Turitg 2005.</li> <li>Matthias Stremlow: <i>Die Alpen aus der Untersicht. Von der Verheissung der nahen Fremde zur Sportarena</i>. Haupt-Verlag, Berna 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3258058482" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-258-05848-2</a>.</li> <li>Roland Walter: <i>Geologie von Mitteleuropa.</i> 6. ed., Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 1998, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/3510651677" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-510-65167-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&veaction=edit&section=50" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alps&action=edit&section=50" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alps?uselang=rm">Commons: Alps</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Geologisches%20Portrait/Alpen"><i>Purtret geologic da las Alps</i></a>, en: Mineralienatlas Wiki</li> <li>ardmediathek.de, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905075541/http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/W-wie-Wissen/Fossilien-in-den-Alpen-Das-Urmeer-Tethy/Das-Erste/Video?bcastId=427262&documentId=45628750"><i>Fossilien in den Alpen: Das Urmeer Tethys</i></a>, emissiun <i>W wie Wissen</i> dals 2 d’avust 2017</li> <li>Jean-François Bergier: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D8569.php">Die Alpen</a>, en: Lexicon Istoric da la Svizra</li> <li>Cumissiun internaziunala per la protecziun da las Alps (CIPRA): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cipra.org/de">cipra.org</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alps&oldid=166015">https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alps&oldid=166015</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Seiten,_die_magische_ISBN-Links_verwenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden (n'exista betg)">Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Alps" title="Categoria:Alps">Alps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Chadainas_da_muntognas_da_l%27Europa" title="Categoria:Chadainas da muntognas da l'Europa">Chadainas da muntognas da l'Europa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Artitgels_recumandads_(Geografia_da_l%27Europa)" title="Categoria:Artitgels recumandads (Geografia da l'Europa)">Artitgels recumandads (Geografia da l'Europa)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è vegnida modifitgada l'ultima giada ils 13. matg 2024 a las 22:25.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.grok.se/rm/latest30/Alps">Statistica d'access per questa pagina</a><br /><br /> Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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