metaMain, Software S1059 | MITRE ATT&CK®

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class="icon-button search-icon"></div></button> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> </header> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <div class="col px-0">   <div class="container-fluid banner-message"> ATT&CK v16 has been released! Check out the <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/attack-v16-561c76af94cf'>blog post</a> for more information. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/software/">Software</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">metaMain</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1> metaMain </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <div class="description-body"> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> is a backdoor used by <a href="/groups/G1013">Metador</a> to maintain long-term access to compromised machines; it has also been used to decrypt <a href="/software/S1060">Mafalda</a> into memory.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div id="card-id" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>S1059 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="This software is commercial, custom closed source, or open source software intended to be used for malicious purposes by adversaries">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Type</span>: MALWARE </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms</span>: Windows </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors</span>: Massimiliano Romano, BT Security </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version</span>: 1.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>24 January 2023 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>11 April 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of S1059" href="/versions/v16/software/S1059/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of S1059" href="/versions/v16/software/S1059/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="dropdown h3 mt-3 float-right"> <button class="btn btn-navy dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenuButton" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <b>ATT&CK<sup>®</sup> Navigator Layers</b> </button> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenuButton"> <h6 class="dropdown-header">Enterprise Layer</h6> <a class="dropdown-item" href="/software/S1059/S1059-enterprise-layer.json" download target="_blank">download</a>  <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" id="view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise" target="_blank">view <img width="10" src="/theme/images/external-site-dark.jpeg"></a> <script src="/theme/scripts/settings.js"></script> <script> if (window.location.protocol == "https:") { //view on navigator only works when this site is hosted on HTTPS var layerURL = window.location.protocol + "//" + window.location.host + base_url + "software/S1059/S1059-enterprise-layer.json"; document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").href = "https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator//#layerURL=" + encodeURIComponent(layerURL); } else { //hide button document.getElementById("view-layer-on-navigator-enterprise").classList.add("d-none"); } </script> </div> </div>  <h2 class="pt-3 mb-2" id="techniques">Techniques Used</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table techniques-used background table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Domain</th> <th class="p-2" colspan="2">ID</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Name</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Use</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1071">T1071</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1071/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1071">Application Layer Protocol</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1071/001">Web Protocols</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can use HTTP for C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1560">T1560</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1560/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1560">Archive Collected Data</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1560/003">Archive via Custom Method</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has used XOR-based encryption for collected files before exfiltration.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1005">T1005</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1005">Data from Local System</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can collect files and system information from a compromised host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1074">T1074</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1074/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1074">Data Staged</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1074/001">Local Data Staging</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has stored the collected system files in a working directory.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1140">T1140</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1140">Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can decrypt and load other modules.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573">T1573</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573">Encrypted Channel</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1573/001">Symmetric Cryptography</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can encrypt the data that it sends and receives from the C2 server using an RC4 encryption algorithm.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1546">T1546</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1546/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1546">Event Triggered Execution</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1546/003">Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> registered a WMI event subscription consumer called "hard_disk_stat" to establish persistence.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1041">T1041</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1041">Exfiltration Over C2 Channel</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can upload collected files and data to its C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1083">T1083</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1083">File and Directory Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can recursively enumerate files in an operator-provided directory.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574">T1574</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/002">.002</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574">Hijack Execution Flow</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1574/002">DLL Side-Loading</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can support an HKCMD sideloading start method.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1070">T1070</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1070/004">.004</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1070">Indicator Removal</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1070/004">File Deletion</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has deleted collected items after uploading the content to its C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1070/006">.006</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1070">Indicator Removal</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1070/006">Timestomp</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can change the <code>CreationTime</code>, <code>LastAccessTime</code>, and <code>LastWriteTime</code> file time attributes when executed with <code>SYSTEM</code> privileges.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1105">T1105</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1105">Ingress Tool Transfer</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can download files onto compromised systems.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1056">T1056</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1056">Input Capture</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can log mouse events.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1056/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1056/001">Keylogging</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has the ability to log keyboard events.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1112">T1112</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1112">Modify Registry</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can write the process ID of a target process into the <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\DDE\tpid</code> Registry value as part of its reflective loading activity.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1106">T1106</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1106">Native API</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can execute an operator-provided Windows command by leveraging functions such as <code>WinExec</code>, <code>WriteFile</code>, and <code>ReadFile</code>.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1095">T1095</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1095">Non-Application Layer Protocol</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can establish an indirect and raw TCP socket-based connection to the C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1027">T1027</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1027/013">.013</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1027">Obfuscated Files or Information</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1027/013">Encrypted/Encoded File</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a>'s module file has been encrypted via XOR.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1057">T1057</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1057">Process Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can enumerate the processes that run on the platform.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1055">T1055</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1055">Process Injection</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can inject the loader file, Speech02.db, into a process.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1090">T1090</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1090/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1090">Proxy</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1090/001">Internal Proxy</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can create a named pipe to listen for and send data to a named pipe-based C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1620">T1620</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1620">Reflective Code Loading</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has reflectively loaded a DLL to read, decrypt, and load an orchestrator file.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1113">T1113</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1113">Screen Capture</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can take and save screenshots.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1082">T1082</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1082">System Information Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can collect the computer name from a compromised host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="technique enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td colspan="2"> <a href="/techniques/T1033">T1033</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1033">System Owner/User Discovery</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> can collect the username from a compromised host.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1205">T1205</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1205/001">.001</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1205">Traffic Signaling</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1205/001">Port Knocking</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has authenticated itself to a different implant, Cryshell, through a port knocking and handshake procedure.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr class="sub technique noparent enterprise" id="enterprise"> <td> Enterprise </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1497">T1497</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1497/003">.003</a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1497">Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion</a>: <a href="/techniques/T1497/003">Time Based Evasion</a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1059">metaMain</a> has delayed execution for five to six minutes during its persistence establishment process.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="groups">Groups That Use This Software</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col" width="20%">Name</th> <th scope="col">References</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1013">G1013</a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1013">Metador</a> </td> <td> <p><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. Retrieved April 4, 2023."data-reference="SentinelLabs Metador Technical Appendix Sept 2022"><sup><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://assets.sentinelone.com/sentinellabs22/metador#page=1" target="_blank"> Ehrlich, A., et al. (2022, September). THE MYSTERY OF METADOR | AN UNATTRIBUTED THREAT HIDING IN TELCOS, ISPS, AND UNIVERSITIES. Retrieved January 23, 2023. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="2.0"> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e9ZTW9b71YwFWS_18ZwDAxa-cYbV8q1wUefmKZLYVsA/edit#heading=h.lmnbtht1ikzm" target="_blank"> SentinelLabs. (2022, September 22). Metador Technical Appendix. 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