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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Erie Triangle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%C3%A1ngulo_de_Erie" title="Triángulo de Erie – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Triángulo de Erie" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="مثلث ایری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مثلث ایری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_d%27%C3%89ri%C3%A9" title="Triangle d'Érié – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Triangle d'Érié" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie_Triangle" title="Erie Triangle – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Erie Triangle" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB" title="エリー・トライアングル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリー・トライアングル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%C3%A2ngulo_de_Erie" title="Triângulo de Erie – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Triângulo de Erie" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Треугольник Эри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Треугольник Эри" 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encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tract of land in northwestern Pennsylvania</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. 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.ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Erie Triangle</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The Triangle Lands</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Black line indicates southern border of Erie Triangle within Erie County"><img alt="Black line indicates southern border of Erie Triangle within Erie County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg/250px-Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg/375px-Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg/500px-Erie_Triangle_map_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="489" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Black line indicates southern border of Erie Triangle within Erie County</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">County</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie County, Pennsylvania">Erie</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie, Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Purchased</th><td class="infobox-data">1792</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">202,187 acres (81,822 ha)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time Zone (North America)">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time Zone (North America)">EDT</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Erie Triangle</b> is a roughly 300-square-mile (780-square-kilometre) tract of land that was the subject of several competing <a href="/wiki/Colonial_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial America">colonial</a>-era claims. It was eventually acquired by the U.S. federal government and sold to <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> so that the state would have access to a freshwater port on <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>. The Erie Triangle land makes up a large portion of present-day <a href="/wiki/Erie_County,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie County, Pennsylvania">Erie County, Pennsylvania</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYPAcorner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NYPAcorner.jpg/220px-NYPAcorner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NYPAcorner.jpg/330px-NYPAcorner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NYPAcorner.jpg/440px-NYPAcorner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Cornerstone of the Erie Triangle</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of northwestern Pennsylvania came under American control following the 1784 <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Stanwix_(1784)" title="Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784)">Treaty of Fort Stanwix</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois Confederacy</a>. The following year, a boundary dispute between <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> and Pennsylvania erupted. Following a surveying effort by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ellicott" title="Andrew Ellicott">Andrew Ellicott</a> representing the Pennsylvanians and <a href="/wiki/James_Clinton" title="James Clinton">James Clinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_DeWitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Simeon DeWitt">Simeon DeWitt</a> representing the New Yorkers, the western edge of New York was set at 20 miles (32 km) east of Pennsylvania's <a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_State_Park" title="Presque Isle State Park">Presque Isle</a>, a small peninsula off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Erie,_Pennsylvania" title="Erie, Pennsylvania">Erie, Pennsylvania</a>. However, this left an unclaimed area, which came to be known as the <b>Triangle Lands</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Triangle Lands problematically fell under neither New York's nor Pennsylvania's charter, while both <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> also spoke up with claims derived from their original colonial "sea to shining sea" grants.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of the three competing claimants (Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Massachusetts), only Pennsylvania was landlocked, except for a very tiny strip of coastline 3.75 miles (6.04 km) in length. Following some pressure from the new <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal government</a>, all four states surrendered their claims to that entity, which then, in 1792, sold the final rights to the 202,187 acres (81,822 ha) of land to Pennsylvania for $151,640.25 (75¢/acre).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884196,_200_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBates1884196,_200-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy</a> released the land to Pennsylvania in January 1789 for payments of $2,000 from Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and $1,200 from the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884199_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBates1884199-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Seneca_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca Nation">Seneca Nation</a> separately settled land claims against Pennsylvania in February 1791 for $800.<sup id="cite_ref-sex_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sex-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884199_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBates1884199-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was accomplished without the approval of the federal government and in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Contract_Clause" title="Contract Clause">Contract Clause</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> which reserved the right to make treaties to the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With this access to the Great Lakes, Pennsylvania was persuaded to accept the western boundary <a href="/wiki/Beginning_Point_of_the_U.S._Public_Land_Survey" title="Beginning Point of the U.S. Public Land Survey">established</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_General_of_the_Northwest_Territory" title="Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory">Surveyor General of the Northwest Territory</a> following passage of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a> in 1787.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Erie Triangle is often described as a "tab" or "chimney" attached to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_nicknames" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state nicknames">Keystone State</a>. The water off the coast of the Erie Triangle is known as the <i>Graveyard of Lake Erie</i> because of the large number of shipwrecks that occurred in the area's stormy waters in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was also the site of a preliminary battle between forces that participated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. The battle itself took place in the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Erie Islands">Lake Erie Islands</a>, at the western end of the lake, off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Tiers" title="Twin Tiers">Twin Tiers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Tier_(Pennsylvania)" title="Northern Tier (Pennsylvania)">Northern Tier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Tier" title="Southern Tier">Southern Tier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%E2%80%93Pennsylvania_border" title="New York–Pennsylvania border">New York–Pennsylvania border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennamite%E2%80%93Yankee_War" title="Pennamite–Yankee War">Pennamite–Yankee War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">equivalent to $3,689,011 in 2024 ($18.25 per acre)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">equivalent to $52,786 in 2024<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">equivalent to $31,671 in 2024<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">equivalent to $19,806 in 2024<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.goerie.com/story/lifestyle/columns/2023/03/17/erie-pa-history-presque-isle-erie-triangle-waterford-turnpike/70009079007/">https://www.goerie.com/story/lifestyle/columns/2023/03/17/erie-pa-history-presque-isle-erie-triangle-waterford-turnpike/70009079007/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.eriereader.com/article/the-story-of-the-erie-triangle">https://www.eriereader.com/article/the-story-of-the-erie-triangle</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBates1884196,_200-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884196,_200_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBates1884">Bates 1884</a>, p. 196, 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBates1884199-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884199_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBates1884199_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBates1884">Bates 1884</a>, p. 199.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sex-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sex_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitman1987" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, Benjamin (1987) [1896, S. B. Nelson]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G0FaAAAAYAAJ"><i>Nelson's Biographical Dictionary and Historical Reference Book of Erie County, Pennsylvania</i></a>. Vol. I. Don Mills. pp. <span class="nowrap">103–</span>104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nelson%27s+Biographical+Dictionary+and+Historical+Reference+Book+of+Erie+County%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E104&rft.pub=Don+Mills&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG0FaAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Works related to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States_of_America#Section_10" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Constitution of the United States of America">Article One of the United States Constitution, Article I, section 10, clause 1</a> at Wikisource</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLinklater2009" class="citation book cs1">Linklater, Andro (May 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRUEoHGUNvAC&q=Andro+Linklater,+%22The+Fabric+of+America%22"><i>The Fabric of America</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1850-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8027-1850-1"><bdi>978-0-8027-1850-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fabric+of+America&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2009-05-26&rft.isbn=978-0-8027-1850-1&rft.aulast=Linklater&rft.aufirst=Andro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRUEoHGUNvAC%26q%3DAndro%2BLinklater%2C%2B%2522The%2BFabric%2Bof%2BAmerica%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBates1884" class="citation book cs1">Bates, Samuel P. (1884). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nn_SWMpgrKgC"><i>History of Erie County, Pennsylvania</i></a>. Chicago: Warner, Beers and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Erie+County%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Warner%2C+Beers+and+Company&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=Samuel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnn_SWMpgrKgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=878">Explore PA History</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erie_Triangle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBilharz1998" class="citation book cs1">Bilharz, Joy Ann (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LhMW6prEUpIC&q=The+Allegany+Senecas+and+Kinzua+Dam:+Forced+Relocation+Through+Two+Generations"><i>The Allegany Senecas and Kinzua Dam: Forced Relocation Through Two Generations</i></a>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-6203-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-6203-5"><bdi>0-8032-6203-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Allegany+Senecas+and+Kinzua+Dam%3A+Forced+Relocation+Through+Two+Generations&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-8032-6203-5&rft.aulast=Bilharz&rft.aufirst=Joy+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLhMW6prEUpIC%26q%3DThe%2BAllegany%2BSenecas%2Band%2BKinzua%2BDam%3A%2BForced%2BRelocation%2BThrough%2BTwo%2BGenerations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGallo2018" class="citation journal cs1">Gallo, Marcus (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/693339">"Improving Independence: The Struggle over Land Surveys in Northwestern Pennsylvania in 1794"</a>. <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>142</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">131–</span>161. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5215%2Fpennmaghistbio.142.2.0131">10.5215/pennmaghistbio.142.2.0131</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5215/pennmaghistbio.142.2.0131">10.5215/pennmaghistbio.142.2.0131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=Improving+Independence%3A+The+Struggle+over+Land+Surveys+in+Northwestern+Pennsylvania+in+1794&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E131-%3C%2Fspan%3E161&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5215%2Fpennmaghistbio.142.2.0131&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5215%2Fpennmaghistbio.142.2.0131%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gallo&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F693339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLechner1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lechner, Carl B. (January 1992). "The Erie Triangle: The Final Link between Philadelphia and the Great Lakes". <i>The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography</i>. <b>116</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">59–</span>85. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20092671">20092671</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pennsylvania+Magazine+of+History+and+Biography&rft.atitle=The+Erie+Triangle%3A+The+Final+Link+between+Philadelphia+and+the+Great+Lakes&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E59-%3C%2Fspan%3E85&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20092671%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Lechner&rft.aufirst=Carl+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmithSwetnam1991" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Helene; Swetnam, George (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ds14AAAAMAAJ&q=A+Guidebook+to+Historic+Western+Pennsylvania"><i>A Guidebook to Historic Western Pennsylvania</i></a> (2d ed.). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">256–</span>271. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-3630-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-3630-5"><bdi>978-0-8229-3630-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guidebook+to+Historic+Western+Pennsylvania&rft.place=Pittsburgh&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E256-%3C%2Fspan%3E271&rft.edition=2d&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-3630-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft.au=Swetnam%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dds14AAAAMAAJ%26q%3DA%2BGuidebook%2Bto%2BHistoric%2BWestern%2BPennsylvania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson1979" class="citation book cs1">Wilkinson, Norman B. (1979). <i>Land policy and speculation in Pennsylvania, 1779-1800: a test of the New Democracy</i>. The Management of public lands in the United States. New York: Arno Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-405-11357-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-405-11357-4"><bdi>978-0-405-11357-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+policy+and+speculation+in+Pennsylvania%2C+1779-1800%3A+a+test+of+the+New+Democracy&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=The+Management+of+public+lands+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=Arno+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-405-11357-4&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Norman+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AErie+Triangle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Erie_Triangle&params=42.07_N_80.1_W_region:US-PA_scale:200000"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">80°06′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.07°N 80.1°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.07; -80.1</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_panhandles" title="Template:American panhandles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_panhandles" title="Template talk:American panhandles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_panhandles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American panhandles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_panhandles_and_bootheels86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">United States <a href="/wiki/Salient_(geography)" title="Salient (geography)">panhandles and bootheels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Panhandles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Alaska" title="Southeast Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut_panhandle" title="Connecticut panhandle">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_panhandle" title="Florida panhandle">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_panhandle" title="Idaho panhandle">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Maryland" title="Western Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_panhandle" title="Nebraska panhandle">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_panhandle" title="Oklahoma panhandle">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_panhandle" title="Texas panhandle">Texas</a></li> <li>West Virginia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_panhandle_of_West_Virginia" title="Northern panhandle of West Virginia">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_panhandle_of_West_Virginia" title="Eastern panhandle of West Virginia">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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