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interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4htetekst" title="Lähtetekst – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lähtetekst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CF%80%CE%B7%CE%B3%CE%AE" title="Κείμενο πηγή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κείμενο πηγή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teksta_fonto" title="Teksta fonto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Teksta fonto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%90%EC%8B%9C_%ED%85%8D%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8" title="원시 텍스트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="원시 텍스트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naskah_sumber" title="Naskah sumber – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naskah sumber" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimild" title="Heimild – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Heimild" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testo_di_partenza" title="Testo di partenza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Testo di partenza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5" title="ಆಕರ ಗ್ರಂಥ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಕರ ಗ್ರಂಥ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brontekst_(vertaalkunde)" title="Brontekst (vertaalkunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brontekst (vertaalkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%87" title="原文 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="原文" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekst_%C5%BAr%C3%B3d%C5%82owy" title="Tekst źródłowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tekst źródłowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texto_fonte" title="Texto fonte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Texto fonte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willay_pukyu" title="Willay pukyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Willay pukyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Исходный текст – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Исходный текст" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_text" title="Source text – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Source text" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%95" title="دەقی سەرچاوە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەقی سەرچاوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4llmaterial" title="Källmaterial – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Källmaterial" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="మూల వచనం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మూల వచనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83" title="Джерело інформаційного матеріалу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джерело інформаційного матеріалу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%90%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="源文本 – Chinese" lang="zh" 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Translation" title="Category:Translation">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:none;padding-top:0;"><a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">Translation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg/100px-%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg/150px-%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg/200px-%C3%86toms_-_Translation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_translation" title="Legal translation">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation#Literary_translation" title="Translation">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_translations" title="Bible translations">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quran_translations" title="Quran translations">Quran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukkural_translations" title="Tirukkural translations">Kural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_validation" title="Linguistic validation">Linguistic validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_translation" title="Medical translation">Medical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulatory_translation" title="Regulatory translation">Regulatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_translation" title="Technical translation">Technical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_interpretation" title="Language interpretation">Interpretation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_translation" title="Cultural translation">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">Word-for-word</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense-for-sense_translation" title="Sense-for-sense translation">Sense-for-sense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophonic_translation" title="Homophonic translation">Homophonic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Theory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Translation_studies" title="Translation studies">Translation studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopos_theory" title="Skopos theory">Skopos theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_project" title="Translation project">Translation project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_criticism" title="Translation criticism">Translation criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equivalence_(translation)" title="Equivalence (translation)">Equivalence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contrastive_linguistics" title="Contrastive linguistics">Contrastive linguistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polysystem_theory" title="Polysystem theory">Polysystem theory</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Technologies</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-assisted_translation" title="Computer-assisted translation">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_translation" title="Machine translation">Machine translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_translation" title="Mobile translation">Mobile translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_management_system" title="Translation management system">Translation management system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing" title="Dubbing">Dubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtitles" title="Subtitles">Subtitling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-editing" title="Pre-editing">Pre-editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postediting" title="Postediting">Postediting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_translation" title="Multimedia translation">Multimedia translation</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Localization</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glocalization" title="Glocalization">Glocalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">Internationalization and localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_localisation" title="Language localisation">Language localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_localization" title="Video game localization">Video game localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#Localization" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">Dub localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Website_localization" title="Website localization">Website localization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">Software localization</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Institutional</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_associations" title="Category:Translation associations">Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_awards" title="Category:Translation awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_organizations" title="Category:Translation organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_and_interpreting_schools" title="Category:Translation and interpreting schools">Schools</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:antiquewhite;"> Related topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Untranslatability" title="Untranslatability">Untranslatability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">Transcription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transliteration" title="Transliteration">Transliteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_relay_service" title="Video relay service">Video relay service</a> (VRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_interpreting" title="Telephone interpreting">Telephone interpreting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_barrier" title="Language barrier">Language barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_translation" title="Fan translation">Fan translation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fan_translation_of_video_games" title="Fan translation of video games">of video games</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fansub" title="Fansub">Fansub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandub" title="Fandub">Fandub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanlation" title="Scanlation">Scanlation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_translation" title="Journalistic translation">Journalistic translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_publications" title="Category:Translation publications">Books and magazines on translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bible_translations_by_language" title="Category:Bible translations by language">Bible translations by language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translations" title="Category:Translations">Translated books</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_literary_works_by_number_of_translations" title="List of literary works by number of translations">List of most translated works</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translators" title="Category:Translators">Translators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tirukkural_translations_by_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tirukkural translations by language">Kural translations by language</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Translation_info" title="Template:Translation info"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Translation_info" title="Template talk:Translation info"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Translation_info" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Translation info"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>source text</b><sup id="cite_ref-umdguide_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umdguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">text</a> (sometimes <a href="/wiki/Speech" title="Speech">oral</a>) from which <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> or ideas are derived. In <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translation</a>, a source text is the original text that is to be translated into another <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, distinctions are commonly made between three kinds of source texts: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">Primary source</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Primary_source" title="Primary source">Primary sources</a> are firsthand written accounts made at the <a href="/wiki/Time" title="Time">time</a> of an event by someone who was present. They have been described as those sources closest to the origin of the information or idea under study.<sup id="cite_ref-umdguide_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umdguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These types of sources have been said to provide researchers with "direct, unmediated information about the object of study."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Primary sources are sources which, usually, are recorded by someone who participated in, witnessed, or lived through the event. These are also usually authoritative and fundamental documents concerning the subject under consideration. This includes published original accounts, published <a href="/wiki/Originality" title="Originality">original</a> works, or published original research. They may contain original research or new information not previously published elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary sources">secondary sources</a>, which often cite, comment on, or build upon primary sources.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They serve as an original source of <a href="/wiki/Information" title="Information">information</a> or new ideas about the topic. <i>Primary</i> and <i>secondary</i>, however, are relative terms, and any given source may be classified as primary or secondary, depending on how it is used.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physical objects can be primary sources. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_and_tertiary">Secondary and tertiary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secondary and tertiary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">Secondary source</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">Tertiary source</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Secondary_source" title="Secondary source">Secondary sources</a> are written accounts of history based upon the evidence from primary sources. These are sources which, usually, are accounts, works, or research that analyze, assimilate, evaluate, interpret, and/or synthesize primary sources. These are not as authoritative and are supplemental documents concerning the subject under consideration. These documents or people summarize other material, usually primary source material. They are academics, journalists, and other researchers, and the papers and books they produce. This includes published accounts, published works, or published research. For example, a history book drawing upon diary and newspaper records. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_source" title="Tertiary source">Tertiary sources</a> are compilations based upon primary and secondary sources.<sup id="cite_ref-umdguide_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-umdguide-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ref_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are sources which, on average, do not fall into the above two levels. They consist of generalized research of a specific subject under consideration. Tertiary sources are analyzed, assimilated, evaluated, interpreted, and/or synthesized from secondary sources, also. These are not authoritative and are just supplemental documents concerning the subject under consideration. These are often meant to present known information in a convenient form with no claim to originality. Common examples are <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia" title="Encyclopedia">encyclopedias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Textbook" title="Textbook">textbooks</a>. </p><p>The distinction between <i>primary source</i> and <i>secondary source</i> is standard in <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a>, while the distinction between these sources and <i>tertiary sources</i> is more peripheral, and is more relevant to the scholarly research work than to the published content itself. </p><p>Below are types of sources that most generally, but not absolutely, fall into a certain level. The letters after an item describes <i>generally</i> the type it is (though this can vary pending the exact source). <i>P</i> is for Primary sources, <i>S</i> is for Secondary sources, and <i>T</i> is for Tertiary sources. (ed., those with <i>?</i>s are indeterminate.) </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li>Published <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">Documents</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Map" title="Map">Maps</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">Literature</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autobiography" title="Autobiography">Autobiographies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">Biographies</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(S)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Poem">Poems</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Books</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(T)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspaper</a> articles <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(S)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet">Pamphlets</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(T)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster" title="Poster">Posters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advertisement" class="mw-redirect" title="Advertisement">Advertisements</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">Research</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer Journals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(S)</i></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Non-government documents<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organization" title="Organization">Organization</a> papers <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Government documents <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public records</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter" class="mw-redirect" title="Voter">Voter</a> lists <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a> records <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">Court</a> records <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li>Court hearings <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li>Court proceedings <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">Tax</a> accounts<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Census" title="Census">Census</a> data and records <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classified_information" title="Classified information">Classified documents</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Laws</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">Treaties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li>Court decisions <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Unpublished Documents<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span> <ul><li>Personal papers <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">Letters</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diary" title="Diary">Diaries</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diary" title="Diary">Journals</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Will (law)">Wills</a> <span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li></ul></li> <li>Research<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistical survey">Surveys</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li>Fieldwork<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Report" title="Report">Reports</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_speaking" title="Public speaking">Speeches</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(P)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interview" title="Interview">Interviews</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li>Membership records<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li>Meeting transcripts<span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finance" title="Finance">Financial accounts</a><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>(?)</i></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Authoritative_sources">Authoritative sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Authoritative sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A source that is official is called authoritative if it is known to be reliable and its authority or authenticity is widely recognized by experts in the field. Libraries specialize in collecting these types of resources so that students and faculty have the tools they need to research effectively.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_translation">In translation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In translation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Translation#Source_and_target_texts" title="Translation">Translation § Source and target texts</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Translation" title="Translation">translation</a>, a source text (ST) is a text written in a given <a href="/wiki/Source_language_(translation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Source language (translation)">source language</a> which is to be or has been, translated into another language. According to <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Munday" title="Jeremy Munday">Jeremy Munday</a>'s definition of translation, "the process of translation between two different written languages involves the changing of an original written text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a written text (the target text or TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL)".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The terms 'source text' and 'target text' are preferred over 'original' and 'translation' because they do not have the same positive vs. negative value judgment. </p><p>Translation scholars including <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Nida" title="Eugene Nida">Eugene Nida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Newmark" title="Peter Newmark">Peter Newmark</a> have represented the different approaches to translation as falling broadly into source-text-oriented or target-text-oriented categories.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_sourcing" class="mw-redirect" title="Journalism sourcing">Journalism sourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Source (disambiguation)">Source (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Text_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Text (disambiguation)">Text (disambiguation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Source_text&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-umdguide-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-umdguide_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umdguide_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-umdguide_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703015116/http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources">"Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Sources guide"</a>. University of Maryland Libraries. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.umd.edu/ues/guides/primary-sources">the original</a> on 3 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primary%2C+Secondary+and+Tertiary+Sources+guide&rft.pub=University+of+Maryland+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.umd.edu%2Fues%2Fguides%2Fprimary-sources&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml">JCU – Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Sources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050212093611/http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml">Archived</a> 2005-02-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref_-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ref_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ref_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml">"Library Guides: Primary, secondary and tertiary sources"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050212093611/http://www.library.jcu.edu.au/LibraryGuides/primsrcs.shtml">Archived</a> 2005-02-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaltonCharnigo2004" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol">Dalton, Margaret Steig; Charnigo, Laurie (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web-archive-sources.org/dalton.pdf">"Historians and Their Information Sources"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/College_%26_Research_Libraries" title="College & Research Libraries">College & Research Libraries</a></i>, September (5): <span class="nowrap">400–</span>25, at 416 n.3, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Fcrl.65.5.400">10.5860/crl.65.5.400</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+%26+Research+Libraries&rft.atitle=Historians+and+Their+Information+Sources&rft.volume=September&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E400-%3C%2Fspan%3E25%2C+at+416+n.3&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Fcrl.65.5.400&rft.aulast=Dalton&rft.aufirst=Margaret+Steig&rft.au=Charnigo%2C+Laurie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb-archive-sources.org%2Fdalton.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span>, citing U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (2003), <i>Occupational Outlook Handbook</i>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2001" class="citation cs2">Lorenz, C. (2001), "History: Theories and Methods", in Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (eds.), <i>International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavior Sciences</i>, vol. 10, Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 6871</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History%3A+Theories+and+Methods&rft.btitle=International+Encyclopedia+of+Social+and+Behavior+Sciences&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=6871&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuff1996" class="citation cs2">Duff, Alistair (1996), "The literature search: a library-based model for information skills instruction", <i>Library Review</i>, <b>45</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">14–</span>18, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2F00242539610115263">10.1108/00242539610115263</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Library+Review&rft.atitle=The+literature+search%3A+a+library-based+model+for+information+skills+instruction&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E18&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2F00242539610115263&rft.aulast=Duff&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span> ("A primary source is defined here as a source containing new information authored by the original researcher(s) and not previously published elsewhere.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Handlin (1954) 118–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKragh1989" class="citation cs2">Kragh, Helge (1989), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d2zy_QSq2b0C&pg=PA121"><i>An Introduction to the Historiography of Science</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, p. 121, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-38921-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-38921-6"><bdi>0-521-38921-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121224813/https://books.google.com/books?id=d2zy_QSq2b0C&pg=PA121">archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Historiography+of+Science&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-521-38921-6&rft.aulast=Kragh&rft.aufirst=Helge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd2zy_QSq2b0C%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span> ("[T]he distinction is not a sharp one. Since a source is only a source in a specific historical context, the same source object can be both a primary or secondary source according to what it is used for."); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelgadilloLynch1999" class="citation cs2">Delgadillo, Roberto; Lynch, Beverly (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forms.international.ucla.edu/files/rrta2biw_ou3.pdf">"Future Historians: Their Quest for Information"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>College & Research Libraries</i>, <b>60</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">245–</span>259, at 253, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Fcrl.60.3.245">10.5860/crl.60.3.245</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093542/http://forms.international.ucla.edu/files/rrta2biw_ou3.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+%26+Research+Libraries&rft.atitle=Future+Historians%3A+Their+Quest+for+Information&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E245-%3C%2Fspan%3E259%2C+at+253&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Fcrl.60.3.245&rft.aulast=Delgadillo&rft.aufirst=Roberto&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Beverly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforms.international.ucla.edu%2Ffiles%2Frrta2biw_ou3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span> ("[T]he same document can be a primary or a secondary source depending on the particular analysis the historian is doing"); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonagahnHartman2001" class="citation cs2">Monagahn, E.J.; Hartman, D.K. (2001), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.readingonline.org/articles/art_index.asp?HREF=/articles/handbook/monaghan/index.html">"Historical research in literacy"</a>, <i>Reading Online</i>, <b>4</b> (11), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071214033747/http://www.readingonline.org/articles/art_index.asp?HREF=%2Farticles%2Fhandbook%2Fmonaghan%2Findex.html">archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reading+Online&rft.atitle=Historical+research+in+literacy&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Monagahn&rft.aufirst=E.J.&rft.au=Hartman%2C+D.K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.readingonline.org%2Farticles%2Fart_index.asp%3FHREF%3D%2Farticles%2Fhandbook%2Fmonaghan%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span> ("[A] source may be primary or secondary, depending on what the researcher is looking for.").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.odu.edu/libassist/tutorials/nursing/glossary.html">Glossary, Using Information Resources</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828123138/http://www.lib.odu.edu/libassist/tutorials/nursing/glossary.html">Archived</a> 2008-08-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. ("Tertiary Source" is defined as "reference material that synthesizes work already reported in primary or secondary sources".)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://products.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/odlis_a#authoritative"><i>Online Dictionary of Library and Information Science</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Online+Dictionary+of+Library+and+Information+Science&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fproducts.abc-clio.com%2FODLIS%2Fodlis_a%23authoritative&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunday2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Munday" title="Jeremy Munday">Munday, Jeremy</a> (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introducingtrans0004mund/page/8"><i>Introducing Translation Studies: theories and applications (4th ed.)</i></a>. London/New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introducingtrans0004mund/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138912557" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138912557"><bdi>978-1138912557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Translation+Studies%3A+theories+and+applications+%284th+ed.%29&rft.place=London%2FNew+York&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1138912557&rft.aulast=Munday&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroducingtrans0004mund%2Fpage%2F8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunday2016" class="citation book cs1">Munday, Jeremy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introducingtrans0004mund/page/67"><i>Introducing Translation Studies: theories and applications (4th ed.)</i></a>. London/New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introducingtrans0004mund/page/67">67–74</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1138912557" title="Special:BookSources/978-1138912557"><bdi>978-1138912557</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introducing+Translation+Studies%3A+theories+and+applications+%284th+ed.%29&rft.place=London%2FNew+York&rft.pages=67-74&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1138912557&rft.aulast=Munday&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroducingtrans0004mund%2Fpage%2F67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASource+text" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Source_text&oldid=1273291552">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Source_text&oldid=1273291552</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation" title="Category:Translation">Translation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Translation_studies" title="Category:Translation studies">Translation studies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sources" title="Category:Sources">Sources</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_June_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from June 2022">Use dmy dates from June 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 February 2025, at 17:10<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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