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uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commercial_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> 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Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="كراس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كراس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pamflet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pamflet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flugschrift" title="Flugschrift – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flugschrift" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folleto" title="Folleto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Folleto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%87" title="جزوه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tract" title="Tract – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tract" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paimfl%C3%A9ad" title="Paimfléad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Paimfléad" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%B8%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%BF" title="팸플릿 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="팸플릿" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="पर्चा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्चा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflet" title="Pamflet – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pamflet" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%98" title="פמפלט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פמפלט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Памфлет – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Памфлет" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6pirat" title="Röpirat – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Röpirat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="माहितीपत्रक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माहितीपत्रक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risalah" title="Risalah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Risalah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE" title="पर्चा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पर्चा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="パンフレット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パンフレット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflett" title="Pamflett – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pamflett" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflett" title="Pamflett – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pamflett" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panfleto" title="Panfleto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Panfleto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamfleti" title="Pamfleti – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pamfleti" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphlet" title="Pamphlet – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pamphlet" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirjanen" title="Kirjanen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirjanen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamflett" title="Pamflett – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pamflett" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3" title="จุลสาร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จุลสาร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="קונטרס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קונטרס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%8A%E5%AD%90" title="小冊子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小冊子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%86%8A%E5%AD%90" title="小冊子 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="小冊子" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unbound book</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pamphlet" title="Special:EditPage/Pamphlet">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Pamphlet%22">"Pamphlet"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Pamphlet%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Pamphlet%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Pamphlet%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Pamphlet%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Pamphlet%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg/220px-Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg/330px-Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg/440px-Girl_with_a_Basket_of_Pamphlets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An 18th-century painting of a girl with a basket of pamphlets</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India,_February_21_1668.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg/220px-A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg/330px-A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg/440px-A_sermon_preached_at_Fort_St._George_on_the_coast_of_Chormandel_in_East_India%2C_February_21_1668.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Due to their low cost and ease of production, pamphlets have often been used to popularize political or religious ideas.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pamphlet</b> is an unbound <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> (that is, without a <a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">hard cover</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bookbinding" title="Bookbinding">binding</a>). Pamphlets may consist of a single sheet of <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a> that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds, or in fourths, called a <i>leaflet</i> or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and <a href="/wiki/Saddle_stitch_stapler" title="Saddle stitch stapler">saddle stapled</a> at the crease to make a simple book. </p><p>For the "International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals", <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> defines a pamphlet as "a non-<a href="/wiki/Periodical" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodical">periodical</a> printed publication of at least 5 but not more than 48 pages, exclusive of the cover pages, published in a particular country and made available to the public" and a <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">book</a> as "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of the cover pages". The UNESCO definitions are, however, only meant to be used for the particular purpose of drawing up their book production statistics.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>pamphlet</i> for a small work (<i>opuscule</i>) issued by itself without covers came into <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1387 as <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">pamphilet</i></span> or <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">panflet</i></span>, generalized from a twelfth-century <a href="/wiki/Elegiac_comedy" title="Elegiac comedy">amatory comic poem</a> with an old flavor<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (May 2015)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pamphilus_de_amore" title="Pamphilus de amore">Pamphilus, seu de Amore</a></i> ("Pamphilus: or, Concerning Love"), written in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OEtDpamphlet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEtDpamphlet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pamphilus's name is derived from the Greek name <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Πάμφιλος</span></span>, meaning "beloved of all".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem was popular and widely copied and circulated on its own, forming a slim <a href="/wiki/Codex" title="Codex">codex</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_(Tulip_mania).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png/220px-Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="285" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png/330px-Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png/440px-Tooneel_van_Flora_Handel_der_Floristen_in_Amsterdam_1637_%28Tulip_mania%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="1747" /></a><figcaption>The pamphlet form of literature has been used for centuries as an economical vehicle for the broad distribution of information.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pamphlet_wars" title="Pamphlet wars">Pamphlet wars</a></div> <p>The earliest appearance of the word is in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philobiblon" title="The Philobiblon">The Philobiblon</a></i> (1344) of <a href="/wiki/Richard_de_Bury" title="Richard de Bury">Richard de Bury</a>, who speaks of "<span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">panfletos exiguos</i></span>" {"<i>little pamphlets</i>"} (ch. viii.).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its modern connotations of a <a href="/wiki/Tract_(literature)" title="Tract (literature)">tract</a> concerning a contemporary issue was a product of the heated arguments leading to the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>; this sense appeared in 1642.<sup id="cite_ref-OEtDpamphlet_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OEtDpamphlet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some European languages, this secondary connotation, of a disputatious tract, has come to the fore: compare <i><a href="/wiki/Libelle_(literary_genre)" title="Libelle (literary genre)">libelle</a></i>, from the Latin <i>libellus</i>, denoting a "little book".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pamphlets functioned in place of <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazine</a> articles in the pre-magazine era, which ended in the mid-nineteenth century. There were hundreds of them in the United States alone. They were a primary means of communication for people interested in political and religious issues, such as <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slavery</a>. Pamphlets never looked at both sides of a question; most were avowedly <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(politics)" title="Partisan (politics)">partisan</a>, trying not just to inform but to convince the reader. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeafletToTampere1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LeafletToTampere1918.jpg/220px-LeafletToTampere1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/LeafletToTampere1918.jpg/330px-LeafletToTampere1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/LeafletToTampere1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>A 1918 Finnish <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> pamphlet signed by <a href="/wiki/General_Mannerheim" class="mw-redirect" title="General Mannerheim">General Mannerheim</a> circulated by the <a href="/wiki/White_Guard_(Finland)" title="White Guard (Finland)">Whites</a> urging the <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(Finland)" title="Red Guards (Finland)">Reds</a> to surrender during the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a>. English: <span lang="en">To the residents and troops of <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>! Resistance is hopeless. Raise the <a href="/wiki/White_flag" title="White flag">white flag</a> and surrender. The blood of the citizen has been shed enough. We will not kill like the Reds kill their prisoners. Send your representative with a white flag.</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Pamphlets can contain anything from information on kitchen appliances to <a href="/wiki/Medical_record" title="Medical record">medical information</a> and religious treatises. Pamphlets are very important in <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> because they are cheap to produce and can be distributed easily to customers. Pamphlets have also long been an important tool of <a href="/wiki/Political_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Political platform">political</a> <a href="/wiki/Protest" title="Protest">protest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_campaign" title="Political campaign">political campaigning</a> for similar reasons. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Pamphleteer" title="Pamphleteer">pamphleteer</a> is a historical term for someone who produces or distributes pamphlets, especially for a political cause. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collectibility">Collectibility</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Collectibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to their <a href="/wiki/Ephemerality" title="Ephemerality">ephemeral</a> nature and to the wide array of political and religious perspectives given voice by the format's ease of production, pamphlets are prized by many <a href="/wiki/Book_collecting" title="Book collecting">book collectors</a>. Substantial accumulations have been amassed and transferred to ownership of academic <a href="/wiki/Research_library" title="Research library">research libraries</a> around the world. </p><p>Particularly comprehensive collections of American political pamphlets are housed at <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tamiment_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamiment Library">Tamiment Library</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Jo_Labadie" title="Jo Labadie">Jo Labadie</a> collection at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_uses">Commercial uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Commercial uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pamphlet has been widely adopted in commerce, particularly as a format for <a href="/wiki/Marketing" title="Marketing">marketing</a> communications. There are numerous purposes for pamphlets, such as product descriptions or instructions, corporate information, events promotions or tourism guides and they are often used in the same way as leaflets or brochures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapbook" title="Chapbook">Chapbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flyer_(pamphlet)" title="Flyer (pamphlet)">Flyer (pamphlet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folded_leaflet" title="Folded leaflet">Folded leaflet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-form_journalism" title="Long-form journalism">Long-form journalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13068&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html">"Recommendation concerning the International Standardization of Statistics Relating to Book Production and Periodicals: UNESCO"</a>. <i>portal.unesco.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=portal.unesco.org&rft.atitle=Recommendation+concerning+the+International+Standardization+of+Statistics+Relating+to+Book+Production+and+Periodicals%3A+UNESCO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fportal.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fev.php-URL_ID%3D13068%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APamphlet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a></i> <a href="/wiki/S.v." class="mw-redirect" title="S.v.">s.v.</a> "pamphlet".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OEtDpamphlet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OEtDpamphlet_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OEtDpamphlet_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=pamphlet">"pamphlet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=pamphlet&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dpamphlet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APamphlet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=pa/mfilos"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πάμφιλος</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTedder1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tedder, Henry Richard (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pamphlets"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pamphlets">"Pamphlets" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 659–661.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pamphlets&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=659-661&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Tedder&rft.aufirst=Henry+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APamphlet" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In German, French, Spanish and Italian <i>pamphlet</i> often has negative connotations of slanderous libel or religious propaganda; idiomatic neutral translations of English <i>pamphlet</i> include "Flugblatt" and "Broschüre" in German, "Fascicule" in French, and "folleto" in Spanish. In Russian and Romanian, the word "<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">памфлет</span></span>" in Russian Cyrillic, "<span title="Russian-language text"><i lang="ru">pamflet</i></span>" in Romanian also normally connotes a work of propaganda or satire, so it is best translated as "brochure" ("<span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">брошюра</span></span>" in Russian, broşură in Romanian). (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/search.php?cuv=pamflet">DEX online – Cautare: pamflet</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oakley C. Johnson, <i>Marxism in United States History Before the Russian Revolution (1876–1917).</i> New York: Humanities Press, 1974; p. vii. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pamphlet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pamphlets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pamphlets">Pamphlets</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v06/bp06-13.html">Randy Silverman, 1987. "Small, Not Insignificant: a Specification for a Conservation Pamphlet Binding Structure", <i>The Book and Paper Group Annual</i> <b>6</b>.</a> Historical overview focusing on pamphlet binding.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323033230/http://www.britishpamphlets.org.uk/">19th Century British Pamphlets Online.</a> Information about a project that digitised 26,000 19th century pamphlets from UK research libraries.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.ucd.ie/view/ivrla:2617">19th Century Pamphlet Collection.</a> Collection of 19th-century pamphlets, predominantly of Irish interest and covering a broad spectrum of subjects. A UCD Digital Library Collection.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.ucd.ie/view/ivrla:45000">19th Century Social History Pamphlets Collection.</a> Collection of pamphlets relating to 19th century Irish social history, particularly the themes of education, health, famine, poverty, business and communications. A UCD Digital Library Collection.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTedder1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tedder, Henry Richard (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pamphlets"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pamphlets">"Pamphlets" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 659–661.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pamphlets&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=659-661&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Tedder&rft.aufirst=Henry+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APamphlet" class="Z3988"></span> This contains an extensive history of the pamphlet form from the 14th century, in England, France, and Germany.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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towel">Paper towel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_wipe" title="Wet wipe">Wet wipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stationery" title="Stationery">Stationery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Continuous_stationery" title="Continuous stationery">Continuous stationery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeting_card" title="Greeting card">Greeting card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_card" title="Index card">Index card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message)">Letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_folder" title="Manila folder">Manila folder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">Notebook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamp" title="Postage stamp">Postage stamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">Postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-it_note" title="Post-it note">Post-it note</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknote" title="Banknote">Banknote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_card" title="Business card">Business card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupon" title="Coupon">Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passbook" title="Passbook">Passbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visiting_card" title="Visiting card">Visiting card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ingrain_wallpaper" title="Ingrain wallpaper">Ingrain wallpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mat_(picture_framing)" title="Mat (picture framing)">Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pamphlet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confetti" title="Confetti">Confetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_craft" title="Paper craft">Paper craft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_toys" title="Paper toys">Paper toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">Playing card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quilling" title="Quilling">Quilling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drink_coaster" title="Drink coaster">Drink coaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filter paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Form_(document)" title="Form (document)">Form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_model" title="Paper model">Paper model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpaper" title="Sandpaper">Sandpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">Security paper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academic_publishing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academic_publishing" title="Template talk:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academic_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academic publishing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academic_publishing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">Academic publishing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_journal" title="Scientific journal">Scientific journal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_health_journal" title="Public health journal">Public health</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Papers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing#Scholarly_paper" title="Academic publishing">Paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">Abstract</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_article" title="Review article">Review article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Position_paper" title="Position paper">Position paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_review" title="Literature review">Literature review</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grey_literature" title="Grey literature">Grey literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Working_paper" title="Working paper">Working paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_paper" title="White paper">White paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_report" title="Technical report">Technical report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_report" title="Annual report">Annual report</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pamphlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">Essay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-notebook_science" title="Open-notebook science">Lab notes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other publication types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collection_of_articles" title="Collection of articles">Collection of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_patent" title="Biological patent">Biological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_patent" title="Chemical patent">Chemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">Book</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monograph" title="Monograph">Monograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_(books)" title="Chapter (books)">Chapter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poster_session" title="Poster session">Poster session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conference_proceedings" title="Conference proceedings">Proceedings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impact and ranking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acknowledgment_index" title="Acknowledgment index">Acknowledgment index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altmetrics" title="Altmetrics">Altmetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Article-level_metrics" title="Article-level metrics">Article-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author-level_metrics" title="Author-level metrics">Author-level metrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_impact" title="Citation impact">Citation impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citation_index" title="Citation index">Citation index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_ranking" title="Journal ranking">Journal ranking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eigenfactor" title="Eigenfactor">Eigenfactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-index" title="H-index">h-index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_factor" title="Impact factor">Impact factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCImago_Journal_Rank" title="SCImago Journal Rank">SCImago Journal Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientometrics" title="Scientometrics">Scientometrics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reform and access</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal_publishing_reform" title="Academic journal publishing reform">Academic journal publishing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">Open access</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Open_access_citation_advantage" title="Open access citation advantage">Citation advantage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serials_crisis" title="Serials crisis">Serials crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICanHazPDF" title="ICanHazPDF">#ICanHazPDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versioning</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">Preprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Version of record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erratum" title="Erratum">Erratum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retraction_in_academic_publishing" title="Retraction in academic publishing">Retraction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Indexes and search engines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMiner_(database)" title="AMiner (database)">AMiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASE_(search_engine)" title="BASE (search engine)">BASE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORE_(research_service)" title="CORE (research service)">CORE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semantic_Scholar" title="Semantic Scholar">Semantic Scholar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_of_Science" title="Web of Science">Web of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperity" title="Paperity">Paperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenAlex" title="OpenAlex">OpenAlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imprint_(trade_name)" title="Imprint (trade name)">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_writing" title="Scientific writing">Scientific writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peer_review" title="Peer review">Peer review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholarly_communication" title="Scholarly communication">Scholarly communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">Scientific literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">Learned society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_research" title="Open research">Open research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_scientific_data" title="Open scientific data">Open scientific data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORCID" title="ORCID">ORCID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_publishing" title="Electronic publishing">Electronic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelfinger_rule" title="Ingelfinger rule">Ingelfinger rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Least_publishable_unit" title="Least publishable unit">Least publishable unit</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Publish_or_perish" title="Publish or perish">Publish or perish</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_academic_journals" title="Lists of academic journals">Academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scientific_journals" title="List of scientific journals">Scientific journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">Open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">Academic databases and search engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_university_presses" title="List of university presses">University presses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers" title="Copyright policies of academic publishers">Copyright policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_publishers_by_preprint_policy" title="List of academic publishers by preprint policy">Preprint policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_style_guides#Academic" title="List of style guides">Style/formatting guides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Academic_publishing" title="Category:Academic publishing">Category:Academic publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scientific_documents" title="Category:Scientific documents">Category:Scientific documents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190399#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190399#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190399#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4154770-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh99001703">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="pamflety"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph948649&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563888705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10631733">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10645140">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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