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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History and operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_and_operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History and operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History_and_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definition_of_refugee" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition_of_refugee"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Definition of refugee </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition_of_refugee-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation_and_mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation_and_mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organisation and mandate </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation_and_mandate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation and mandate subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation_and_mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Advisory_Commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advisory_Commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Advisory Commission </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advisory_Commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas_of_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Areas of operation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Funding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Operations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Education programme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relief_and_social_services_programme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief_and_social_services_programme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Relief and social services programme </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief_and_social_services_programme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Health program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNRWA_Microfinance_Department" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNRWA_Microfinance_Department"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 UNRWA Microfinance Department </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNRWA_Microfinance_Department-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emergency_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emergency_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Emergency operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emergency_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_camp/settlement_improvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_camp/settlement_improvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Infrastructure and camp/settlement improvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_camp/settlement_improvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assessment_and_praise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assessment_and_praise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Assessment and praise </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Assessment_and_praise-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Assessment and praise subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Assessment_and_praise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Independent_evaluations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independent_evaluations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Independent evaluations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independent_evaluations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_and_controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Criticism and controversies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism and controversies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism_and_controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mandate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Mandate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operations_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operations_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operations_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protection_of_Palestinian_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protection_of_Palestinian_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Protection of Palestinian refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protection_of_Palestinian_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Textbook_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textbook_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.2 Textbook controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textbook_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_Hamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_Hamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.3 Relationship with Hamas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_Hamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hamas_interference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas_interference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.4 Hamas interference </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas_interference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation_of_summer_camps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation_of_summer_camps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.5 Operation of summer camps </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operation_of_summer_camps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigations_and_calls_for_accountability_and_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigations_and_calls_for_accountability_and_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Investigations and calls for accountability and reform </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigations_and_calls_for_accountability_and_reform-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Investigations and calls for accountability and reform subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Investigations_and_calls_for_accountability_and_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Repeated_calls_for_investigation_by_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeated_calls_for_investigation_by_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Repeated calls for investigation by the United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repeated_calls_for_investigation_by_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-James_G._Lindsay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#James_G._Lindsay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 James G. Lindsay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-James_G._Lindsay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canadian_redirection_of_funds_from_UNRWA_to_specific_PA_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canadian_redirection_of_funds_from_UNRWA_to_specific_PA_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Canadian redirection of funds from UNRWA to specific PA projects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canadian_redirection_of_funds_from_UNRWA_to_specific_PA_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UNRWA_Reform_Initiative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UNRWA_Reform_Initiative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 UNRWA Reform Initiative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UNRWA_Reform_Initiative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EU_conditions_funding_2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EU_conditions_funding_2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 EU conditions funding 2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EU_conditions_funding_2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Switzerland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relations_with_Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relations_with_Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Relations with Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relations_with_Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">UNRWA</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" > 48 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="وكالة الأمم المتحدة لإغاثة وتشغيل اللاجئين الفلسطينيين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وكالة الأمم المتحدة لإغاثة وتشغيل اللاجئين الفلسطينيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMT-nin_Yax%C4%B1n_%C5%9E%C9%99rqd%C9%99ki_F%C9%99l%C9%99stinli_Qa%C3%A7q%C4%B1nlara_Yard%C4%B1m_v%C9%99_%C4%B0%C5%9Fl%C9%99r_%C3%BCzr%C9%99_Agentliyi" title="BMT-nin Yaxın Şərqdəki Fələstinli Qaçqınlara Yardım və İşlər üzrə Agentliyi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BMT-nin Yaxın Şərqdəki Fələstinli Qaçqınlara Yardım və İşlər üzrə Agentliyi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE" title="নিকট প্রাচ্যে ফিলিস্তিনিদের জন্য জাতিসংঘের ত্রাণ ও কর্মসংস্থান সংস্থা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিকট প্রাচ্যে ফিলিস্তিনিদের জন্য জাতিসংঘের ত্রাণ ও কর্মসংস্থান সংস্থা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Агенция за подпомагане на палестински бежанци – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Агенция за подпомагане на палестински бежанци" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%A8ncia_de_les_Nacions_Unides_per_als_Refugiats_de_Palestina_al_Pr%C3%B2xim_Orient" title="Agència de les Nacions Unides per als Refugiats de Palestina al Pròxim Orient – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Agència de les Nacions Unides per als Refugiats de Palestina al Pròxim Orient" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9A%C5%99ad_OSN_pro_palestinsk%C3%A9_uprchl%C3%ADky_na_Bl%C3%ADzk%C3%A9m_v%C3%BDchod%C4%9B" title="Úřad OSN pro palestinské uprchlíky na Blízkém východě – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Úřad OSN pro palestinské uprchlíky na Blízkém východě" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNs_hj%C3%A6lpeorganisation_for_pal%C3%A6stinensiske_flygtninge_i_Mellem%C3%B8sten" title="FNs hjælpeorganisation for palæstinensiske flygtninge i Mellemøsten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="FNs hjælpeorganisation for palæstinensiske flygtninge i Mellemøsten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfswerk_der_Vereinten_Nationen_f%C3%BCr_Pal%C3%A4stina-Fl%C3%BCchtlinge_im_Nahen_Osten" title="Hilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen für Palästina-Flüchtlinge im Nahen Osten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen für Palästina-Flüchtlinge im Nahen Osten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9CRO_Palestiina_pagulaste_abiorganisatsioon" title="ÜRO Palestiina pagulaste abiorganisatsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="ÜRO Palestiina pagulaste abiorganisatsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CE%91%CF%81%CF%89%CE%B3%CE%AE%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9_%CE%88%CF%81%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9F%CE%97%CE%95_%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%82_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%95%CE%B3%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Υπηρεσία Αρωγής και Έργων του ΟΗΕ για τους Παλαιστινίους Πρόσφυγες στην Εγγύς Ανατολή – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υπηρεσία Αρωγής και Έργων του ΟΗΕ για τους Παλαιστινίους Πρόσφυγες στην Εγγύς Ανατολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencia_de_Naciones_Unidas_para_los_Refugiados_de_Palestina_en_Oriente_Pr%C3%B3ximo" title="Agencia de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados de Palestina en Oriente Próximo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agencia de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados de Palestina en Oriente Próximo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agentejo_de_Unui%C4%9Dintaj_Nacioj_por_la_Palestinaj_Rifu%C4%9Dintoj" title="Agentejo de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por la Palestinaj Rifuĝintoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Agentejo de Unuiĝintaj Nacioj por la Palestinaj Rifuĝintoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekialde_Hurbileko_Palestinar_Iheslariei_Laguntzeko_Nazio_Batuen_Agentzia" title="Ekialde Hurbileko Palestinar Iheslariei Laguntzeko Nazio Batuen Agentzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekialde Hurbileko Palestinar Iheslariei Laguntzeko Nazio Batuen Agentzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7" title="اونروا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اونروا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_de_secours_et_de_travaux_des_Nations_unies_pour_les_r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A9s_de_Palestine_dans_le_Proche-Orient" title="Office de secours et de travaux des Nations unies pour les réfugiés de Palestine dans le Proche-Orient – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Office de secours et de travaux des Nations unies pour les réfugiés de Palestine dans le Proche-Orient" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gn%C3%ADomhaireacht_na_N%C3%A1isi%C3%BAn_Aontaithe_um_Fh%C3%B3irithint_agus_Oibreacha_ar_mhaithe_le_d%C3%ADdeanaithe_Palaist%C3%ADneacha_sa_Neasoirthear" title="Gníomhaireacht na Náisiún Aontaithe um Fhóirithint agus Oibreacha ar mhaithe le dídeanaithe Palaistíneacha sa Neasoirthear – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gníomhaireacht na Náisiún Aontaithe um Fhóirithint agus Oibreacha ar mhaithe le dídeanaithe Palaistíneacha sa Neasoirthear" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94_%ED%8C%94%EB%A0%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B8_%EB%82%9C%EB%AF%BC_%EA%B5%AC%ED%98%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%97%85_%EA%B8%B0%EA%B5%AC" title="유엔 팔레스타인 난민 구호 사업 기구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="유엔 팔레스타인 난민 구호 사업 기구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D4%B1%D4%BF-%D5%AB_%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%A5%D5%AC%D6%84%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D6%83%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D6%85%D5%A3%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="ՄԱԿ-ի Մերձավոր Արևելքում Պաղեստինի փախստականների օգնության և աշխատանքների գործակալություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ՄԱԿ-ի Մերձավոր Արևելքում Պաղեստինի փախստականների օգնության և աշխատանքների գործակալություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%C2%B0%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A8%C2%B0%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%C2%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%C2%B0%E0%A4%8F%C2%B0" title="यू°एन°आर°डब्ल्यू°ए° – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="यू°एन°आर°डब्ल्यू°ए°" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenterio_dil_Unionita_Nacioni_pri_Helpo_e_Laboro_por_Palestinana_Refujanti_en_la_Proxim_Oriento" title="Agenterio dil Unionita Nacioni pri Helpo e Laboro por Palestinana Refujanti en la Proxim Oriento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Agenterio dil Unionita Nacioni pri Helpo e Laboro por Palestinana Refujanti en la Proxim Oriento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agensi_Pekerjaan_dan_Pemulihan_Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa_untuk_Pengungsi_Palestina_di_Timur_Dekat" title="Agensi Pekerjaan dan Pemulihan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Pengungsi Palestina di Timur Dekat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Agensi Pekerjaan dan Pemulihan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Pengungsi Palestina di Timur Dekat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenzia_delle_Nazioni_Unite_per_il_soccorso_e_l%27occupazione_dei_profughi_palestinesi_nel_vicino_oriente" title="Agenzia delle Nazioni Unite per il soccorso e l'occupazione dei profughi palestinesi nel vicino oriente – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Agenzia delle Nazioni Unite per il soccorso e l'occupazione dei profughi palestinesi nel vicino oriente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%22%D7%90" title="אונר"א – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אונר"א" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procuratio_Auxilii_Operumque_pro_Profugis_Palaestinis_in_Oriente_Propinquo_Consociationis_Nationum" title="Procuratio Auxilii Operumque pro Profugis Palaestinis in Oriente Propinquo Consociationis Nationum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Procuratio Auxilii Operumque pro Profugis Palaestinis in Oriente Propinquo Consociationis Nationum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%82%E1%80%B9%E1%80%82_%E1%80%80%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%96%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B2%E1%80%B7" title="ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးနှင့် လုပ်ငန်းများဆောင်ရွက်ရေးအဖွဲ့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကုလသမဂ္ဂ ကယ်ဆယ်ရေးနှင့် လုပ်ငန်းများဆောင်ရွက်ရေးအဖွဲ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisatie_van_de_Verenigde_Naties_voor_hulpverlening_aan_Palestijnse_vluchtelingen_in_het_Nabije_Oosten" title="Organisatie van de Verenigde Naties voor hulpverlening aan Palestijnse vluchtelingen in het Nabije Oosten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organisatie van de Verenigde Naties voor hulpverlening aan Palestijnse vluchtelingen in het Nabije Oosten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%9A%9B%E9%80%A3%E5%90%88%E3%83%91%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%81%E3%83%8A%E9%9B%A3%E6%B0%91%E6%95%91%E6%B8%88%E4%BA%8B%E6%A5%AD%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="国際連合パレスチナ難民救済事業機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国際連合パレスチナ難民救済事業機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/FNs_hjelpeorganisasjon_for_palestinske_flyktninger_i_Midt%C3%B8sten" title="FNs hjelpeorganisasjon for palestinske flyktninger i Midtøsten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="FNs hjelpeorganisasjon for palestinske flyktninger i Midtøsten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falastinlik_qochqinlarga_yordam_berish_va_ishlarni_tashkil_etish_bo%CA%BByicha_Birlashgan_Millatlar_Tashkilotining_Yaqin_Sharq_agentligi" title="Falastinlik qochqinlarga yordam berish va ishlarni tashkil etish boʻyicha Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Yaqin Sharq agentligi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Falastinlik qochqinlarga yordam berish va ishlarni tashkil etish boʻyicha Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkilotining Yaqin Sharq agentligi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencja_Narod%C3%B3w_Zjednoczonych_dla_Pomocy_Uchod%C5%BAcom_Palesty%C5%84skim_na_Bliskim_Wschodzie" title="Agencja Narodów Zjednoczonych dla Pomocy Uchodźcom Palestyńskim na Bliskim Wschodzie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Agencja Narodów Zjednoczonych dla Pomocy Uchodźcom Palestyńskim na Bliskim Wschodzie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_de_Assist%C3%AAncia_aos_Refugiados_da_Palestina_no_Pr%C3%B3ximo_Oriente" title="Agência das Nações Unidas de Assistência aos Refugiados da Palestina no Próximo Oriente – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Agência das Nações Unidas de Assistência aos Refugiados da Palestina no Próximo Oriente" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D0%9E%D0%9D_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Ближневосточное агентство ООН для помощи палестинским беженцам и организации работ – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ближневосточное агентство ООН для помощи палестинским беженцам и организации работ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agencija_Zdru%C5%BEenih_narodov_za_pomo%C4%8D_in_zaposlovanje_palestinskih_beguncev_na_Bli%C5%BEnjem_vzhodu" title="Agencija Združenih narodov za pomoč in zaposlovanje palestinskih beguncev na Bližnjem vzhodu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Agencija Združenih narodov za pomoč in zaposlovanje palestinskih beguncev na Bližnjem vzhodu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="UNRWA" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN:s_hj%C3%A4lporganisation_f%C3%B6r_Palestinaflyktingar" title="FN:s hjälporganisation för Palestinaflyktingar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="FN:s hjälporganisation för Palestinaflyktingar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected"><img alt="Extended-protected article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Nations agency supporting Palestinian refugees</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">UNRWA</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg/200px-United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg/300px-United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg/400px-United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="687" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">UNRWA</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">8 December 1949; 74 years ago (1949-12-08)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">United Nations programme</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Provide direct relief and works programmes for Palestinian refugees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Services</th><td class="infobox-data note"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">relief/social services</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">infrastructure/camp improvement</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Microcredit" title="Microcredit">microfinancial assistance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_service" title="Emergency service">emergency response</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Commissioner-general</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Philippe Lazzarini</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Deputy commissioner-general</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Leni Stenseth</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Parent organization</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Budget <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020) </div></th><td class="infobox-data">US$806 million<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">30,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unrwa.org">unrwa.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf/page1-220px-UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf/page1-330px-UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf/page1-440px-UNRWA_Fields_of_Operations_Map_2017.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1793" data-file-height="2502" /></a><figcaption>UNRWA operations, as of 1 January 2017</figcaption></figure> The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East<a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a> (UNRWA, pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈʌnrə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">UN-rə</a>)<a href="#cite_note-4">[b]</a> is a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN agency</a> that supports the relief and <a href="/wiki/Human_development_(economics)" title="Human development (economics)">human development</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a>. UNRWA's mandate encompasses Palestinians <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">who fled or were expelled</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestine War">1948 Palestine War</a>, and subsequent conflicts, as well as their descendants,<a href="#cite_note-5">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-figures2-6">[4]</a> including legally adopted children.<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> As of 2019, more than 5.6 million Palestinians are registered with UNRWA as refugees.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> UNRWA was established in 1949 by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> (UNGA) to provide relief to all refugees resulting from the 1948 conflict; this initially included Jewish and Arab Palestine refugees inside the <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a> until the Israeli government took over this responsibility in 1952.<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Until_1952_UNRWA_served_Jewish_and_Arab_refugees-11">[9]</a> As a subsidiary body of the UNGA, UNRWA's mandate is subject to periodic renewal every three years; it has consistently been extended since its founding, most recently until 30 June 2026.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a> UNRWA employs over 30,000 people, most of them Palestinian refugees, and a small number of international staff.<a href="#cite_note-unrwa-working-13">[11]</a> Originally intended to provide employment and direct relief, its mandate has broadened to include providing education, health care, and <a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">social services</a> to its target population. UNRWA operates in five areas: <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, including <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20072,4-14">[12]</a> aid for Palestinian refugees outside these five areas is provided by the <a href="/wiki/UNHCR" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHCR">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR), established in 1950 as the main agency to aid all other refugees worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20073,11-15">[13]</a> UNRWA is the only UN agency dedicated to helping refugees from a specific region or conflict.<a href="#cite_note-16">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[c]</a> While it has received praise and recognition for its work by various governments, public figures, and independent monitors, UNRWA has also been subject to criticism and controversy related to its operations, role in the Gaza Strip, relationship with <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, and textbook content. Most recently, the agency <a href="/wiki/Israeli_allegations_against_UNRWA" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli allegations against UNRWA">faced allegations by the Israeli government</a> that twelve of its employees were involved in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel</a>, leading to lay-offs, an investigation, and the temporary suspension of funding by numerous donors.<a href="#cite_note-:02-18">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-19">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> As of May 2024, several major donors have since resumed funding as the investigation remains ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-ap090324-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto6-25">[22]</a> In October 2024, citing the allegations, Israel's parliament passed a bill designating UNRWA as a terrorist group, and prohibiting it from operating within the country.<a href="#cite_note-:7-26">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_operations">History and operations</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_(1950_-_2008).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg/240px-Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg/360px-Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg/480px-Total_number_of_Palestinian_refugees_as_defined_by_UNRWA_%281950_-_2008%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Total number of Palestinian refugees registered by UNRWA (1950–2008)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestinian_refugees_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/225px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg/338px-Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Palestinian_refugees_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Precipitating events</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>Background</li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">1947 partition plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li></ul> <hr style="height:0px" /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">Civil war in Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plan_Dalet" title="Plan Dalet">Plan Dalet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Yassin_massacre" title="Deir Yassin massacre">Deir Yassin massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Haifa_(1948)" title="Battle of Haifa (1948)">Battle of Haifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict#1948–1949:_Arab–Israeli_War" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_from_Lydda_and_Ramle" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion from Lydda and Ramle">Expulsion from Lydda and Ramle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_Committee" title="Transfer Committee">Transfer Committee</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 expulsion and flight</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Camps</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_return_to_Israel" title="Palestinian return to Israel">Palestinian return to Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Right of return</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Present_absentee" title="Present absentee">Present absentee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UNRWA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebraization_of_Palestinian_place_names" title="Hebraization of Palestinian place names">Hebraization of Palestinian place names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Paraguay_plan" title="1969 Paraguay plan">Paraguay plan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Discourse</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="Causes of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Historians" title="New Historians">New Historians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Law" title="Nakba Law">Nakba Law</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Notable writers</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aref_al-Aref" title="Aref al-Aref">Aref al-Aref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gelber" title="Yoav Gelber">Yoav Gelber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Karsh" title="Efraim Karsh">Efraim Karsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi" title="Rashid Khalidi">Rashid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walid_Khalidi" title="Walid Khalidi">Walid Khalidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Papp%C3%A9" title="Ilan Pappé">Ilan Pappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Avraham Sela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols and memory</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_key" title="Palestinian key">Palestinian key</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handala" title="Handala">Handala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_Day" title="Nakba Day">Nakba Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Day" title="Land Day">Land Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_March_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Great March of Return">Great March of Return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Return_(Israel)" title="March of Return (Israel)">March of Return (Israel)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ongoing</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ongoing_Nakba" title="Ongoing Nakba">Ongoing Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation" title="Palestinian genocide accusation">Palestinian genocide accusation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#e7e1e1;padding:0;;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Lists</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">List of depopulated towns and villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_estimates_of_the_1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="List of estimates of the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Estimates of the number of Palestinians who fled</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nakba" title="Template:Nakba"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nakba" title="Template talk:Nakba"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nakba"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom:2px solid #aaa;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/160px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/240px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/320px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Demographic history of Palestine (region)">Demographics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Definitions of Palestinian">Definitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_%22Palestine%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the name "Palestine"">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_the_Palestinians" title="Origin of the Palestinians">Origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Palestine" title="Template:Politics of Palestine">Politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <dl><dd>Previous</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Arab towns and villages depopulated during the 1948 Palestinian exodus">Depopulated villages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen militias</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">National Authority (PNA)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">political parties</a>)</dd></dl> <hr /> <dl><dd>Current</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics of the Palestinian National Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip governance (Hamas)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Gaza Strip">Governorates of the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">National Council (PNC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Legislative Council (PLC)</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian flag">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Law</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> Religion / religious sites</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Jew">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph%27s_Tomb" title="Joseph's Tomb">Joseph's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im#Tomb_of_Lot" title="Bani Na'im">Lot's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Samwil" title="Nabi Samwil">Nabi Samwil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel%27s_Tomb" title="Rachel's Tomb">Rachel's Tomb</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian culture">Culture</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_costumes" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian costumes">Costume and embroidery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dabke (dance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0; border-top:1px solid #aaa; font-size:110%;"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">List of Palestinians</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestinians" title="Template:Palestinians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinians" title="Template talk:Palestinians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Following the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Arabs">Palestinian Arabs</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> passed Resolution 212 (III), dated 19 November 1948, which established the UN Relief for Palestine Refugees (UNRPR) to provide emergency relief to Palestine refugees in coordination with other UN or humanitarian agencies.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[24]</a> In response to the political aspects of the conflict, less than a month later the General Assembly <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">adopted Resolution 194</a>, creating the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine (UNCCP), mandated to help achieve a final settlement between the warring parties, including facilitating "the repatriation, resettlement and economic and social rehabilitation of the refugees" in collaboration with the UNRPR.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[24]</a> By that time, the conflict had displaced over 700,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> Unable to resolve the "Palestine problem", which required political solutions beyond the scope of its mandate, the UNCCP recommended the creation of a "United Nations agency designed to continue relief activities and initiate job-creation projects" while an ultimate resolution was pending.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[24]</a> Pursuant to this recommendation, and to paragraph 11 of Resolution 194, which concerned refugees, on 8 December 1949, the General Assembly adopted Resolution 302(IV), which established the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA).<a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a> The resolution was adopted and passed unopposed, supported by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> states, with only the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet bloc">Soviet bloc</a> and South Africa abstaining.<a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a> UNRWA succeeded the UNRPR with a broader mandate for humanitarian assistance and development, and the requirement to function neutrally.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-31">[28]</a> When it began operations in 1950, the initial scope of its work was "direct relief and works programmes" to Palestine refugees, in order to "prevent conditions of starvation and distress… and to further conditions of peace and stability".<a href="#cite_note-auto2-31">[28]</a> UNRWA's mandate was soon expanded through Resolution 393(V) (2 December 1950), which instructed the agency to "establish a reintegration fund which shall be utilized ... for the permanent re-establishment of refugees and their removal from relief". A subsequent resolution, dated 26 January 1952, allocated four times as much funding on reintegration than on relief, requesting UNRWA to otherwise continue providing programs for health care, education, and general welfare.<a href="#cite_note-:8-27">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definition_of_refugee">Definition of refugee</h3></div> UNRWA has developed its own working definition of "<a href="/wiki/Refugee" title="Refugee">refugee</a>" to allow it to provide <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_assistance" title="Humanitarian assistance">humanitarian assistance</a>. Its definition does not cover final status.<a href="#cite_note-f-32">[29]</a> <blockquote><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee">Palestine refugees</a> are "persons whose regular place of residence was <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict."</blockquote> The <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967 generated a new wave of Palestinian refugees who could not be included in the original UNRWA definition. Since 1991, the UN General Assembly has adopted an annual resolution allowing the 1967 refugees within the UNRWA mandate. UNRWA's "mandate" is not a single document but the sum of all relevant resolutions and requests of the General Assembly. While focused on Palestine refugees, it also extends to persons displaced by "the 1967 and subsequent hostilities" and, occasionally, to a broader cross-section of the local community. Several categories of persons have long been registered as eligible to receive UNRWA services although not "Palestine refugees".<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> The descendants of Palestine refugee males, including adopted children, are also eligible for registration as refugees. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation_and_mandate">Organisation and mandate</h2></div> UNRWA is a subsidiary organ of the United Nations General Assembly, established pursuant to Articles 7(2) and 22 of the UN Charter.<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> It is one of only two UN agencies that reports directly to the General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[d]</a> The scope and renewal of UNRWA's mandate is determined primarily by resolutions of the General Assembly; unlike other UN agencies, such as the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> or the Office of the <a href="/wiki/UN_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="mw-redirect" title="UN High Commissioner for Refugees">UN High Commissioner for Refugees</a>, it lacks a constitution or statute.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a> The mandate may also be shaped by requests from other UN organs, such as the Secretary-General.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a> The General Assembly passes a series of resolutions annually that address UNRWA's responsibilities, functions, and budget. As it is technically a temporary organisation,<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a> the agency's mandate is extended every three years; it was most recently renewed on 13 December 2019, extending until 30 June 2023.<a href="#cite_note-reuters13Dec19-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> UNRWA is led by a Commissioner-General—since 8 March 2020 Philippe Lazzarini of Switzerland—an <a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General of the UN</a> responsible for managing all of the agency's activities and personnel.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> The Commissioner-General selects and appoints all the agency's staff, pursuant to internal rules and regulations, and reports directly to the General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-:1-35">[32]</a> UNRWA's operations are organised into five fields—Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, West Bank, and Gaza—each led by a director, who is in charge of distributing humanitarian aid and overseeing general UNRWA operations. The agency's headquarters are divided between the Gaza Strip and <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, with the latter hosting the Deputy Commissioner-General, currently Leni Stenseth of Norway, who administers departmental activities, such as education, healthcare, and finance.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> UNRWA is the largest agency of the United Nations, employing over 30,000 staff, 99% of which are locally recruited Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Advisory_Commission">Advisory Commission</h3></div> Concurrent with the creation of UNRWA, the UN General Assembly established an Advisory Commission (AdCom) to assist the Commissioner-General in carrying out the Agency's mandate.<a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> Created with four members, the AdCom currently has 28 members and four observers. Membership is obtained via General Assembly resolutions, with all host countries of Palestinian refugees (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon) sitting on the commission, followed by the 24 leading donors and supporters of UNRWA. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Arab_States" class="mw-redirect" title="League of Arab States">League of Arab States</a> have had observer status since 2005, with the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation for Islamic Cooperation (OIC)</a> joining as an observer in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-unrwa.org-44">[40]</a> Members of the AdCom, including the year they joined, are: Australia (2005), Belgium (1953), Brazil (2014), Canada (2005), Denmark (2005), Egypt (1949), Finland (2008), France (1949), Germany (2005), Ireland (2008), Italy (2005), Japan (1973), Jordan (1949), Kazakhstan (2013), Kuwait (2010), Lebanon (1953), Luxembourg (2012), Netherlands (2005), Norway (2005), Qatar (2018), Saudi Arabia (2005), Spain (2005), Sweden (2005), Switzerland (2005), Syria (1949), Turkey (1949), United Arab Emirates (2014), the United Kingdom (1949), and the United States (1949).<a href="#cite_note-unrwa.org-44">[40]</a> The Advisory Commission is led by a chair and a vice-chair, representing a host country and a donor country, respectively. Each is appointed annually in June from among the Commission members according to the alphabetical rotation, serving for one year beginning 1 July.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[41]</a> At each appointment, the chair will alternate between a host and a donor country.<a href="#cite_note-:5-45">[41]</a> The AdCom meets twice a year, usually in June and November, to discuss important issues of UNRWA and develop a consensus-based guidance for the Commissioner-General.<a href="#cite_note-:6-46">[42]</a> Additionally, members and observers convene more regularly through sub-committee meetings.<a href="#cite_note-:6-46">[42]</a> The AdCom also conducts periodic field visits to UNRWA's area of operations.<a href="#cite_note-47">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Areas_of_operation">Areas of operation</h3></div> UNRWA services are available to all registered Palestine refugees living in its area of operations who need assistance. When UNRWA began operations in 1950, it was responding to the needs of about 700,000 Palestinian refugees. By 2023, some 5.9 million people were registered as eligible for UNRWA services.<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> UNRWA provides facilities in 59 recognized <a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">refugee camps</a> in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip, and in other areas where large numbers of registered Palestine refugees live outside of recognized camps. For a camp to be recognized by UNRWA, there must be an agreement between the host government and UNRWA governing the use of the camp. UNRWA does not itself run camps, has no police powers or administrative role, but simply provides services in the camp. Refugee camps, which developed from <a href="/wiki/Tent_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tent cities">tent cities</a> to dense urban dwellings similar to their urban surroundings, house around one-third of all registered Palestine refugees.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funding">Funding</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_UNRWA_funding.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2022_UNRWA_funding.svg/330px-2022_UNRWA_funding.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2022_UNRWA_funding.svg/495px-2022_UNRWA_funding.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/2022_UNRWA_funding.svg/660px-2022_UNRWA_funding.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1134" /></a><figcaption>2022 UNRWA funding by country in US dollars <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Over $100,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over $50,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over $25,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over $10,000,000</div> </td> <td valign="top"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over $5,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Over $1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Under $1,000,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  No donations</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </figcaption></figure> UNRWA's budget is set by the UN General Assembly and derives almost entirely from voluntary contributions by UN member states. It also receives some revenue from the regular UN budget, mostly for international staffing costs.<a href="#cite_note-WhoWeAre2-49">[45]</a> In addition to its regular budget, UNRWA receives funding for emergency activities and special projects, such as in response to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> and the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> Historically, most of the agency's funds came from the United States and the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>;<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-unrwa22-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53">[49]</a> in 2019, close to 60 percent of its total pledge of $1.00 billion came from <a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">EU countries</a>, with Germany being the largest individual donor.<a href="#cite_note-:2-54">[50]</a> The next largest donors were the EU, United Kingdom, Sweden, and the United Arab Emirates,<a href="#cite_note-:2-54">[50]</a> followed by Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Qatar, and the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-:2-54">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> UNRWA also establishes partnerships with nongovernmental donors, including nonprofit "national committees" based in donor countries.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> The voluntary nature of UNRWA funding has led to budgetary problems due to acute emergencies or political developments in donor countries.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-57">[53]</a> In 2009, officials spoke of a "dire financial crisis", including a funding shortfall of $200 million, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Israeli offensive</a> in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-ahram2-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> In August 2018, the U.S. ceased its contributions, arguing that UNRWA's mandate should be reduced to the few hundred thousand Palestinians alive when the agency was created.<a href="#cite_note-UScuts2-60">[56]</a> The U.S. decision resulted in the loss of $300 million out of the $1.2 billion budget, contributing to an overall deficit of $446 million.<a href="#cite_note-:3-61">[57]</a> The shortfall was covered with increased contributions from elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-:3-61">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg/220px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg/330px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg/440px-Secretary_Blinken_Meets_With_UNRWA_Commissioner-General_Philippe_Lazzarini_-_53308739161.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>UNRWA Commissioner-General <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Philippe Lazzarini</a> with US Secretary <a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Antony Blinken</a> in Amman, Jordan, 4 November 2023</figcaption></figure> In mid-2019, the Netherlands, Belgium, and Switzerland temporarily suspended funding to UNRWA, citing ethics report that alleged mismanagement, corruption, and discrimination among the agency's leadership.<a href="#cite_note-:12-62">[58]</a> In December 2019, the Netherlands restored its funding, increasing its donation by €6 million for 2019, to €19 million.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> The EU increased its contribution from €82 million ($92.2 million) by €21 million ($23.3 million), and Germany agreed to fund four new UNRWA projects, totaling €59 million ($65.6 million).<a href="#cite_note-64">[60]</a> Qatar increased its donation for Palestinians in Syria by $20.7 million, bringing the 2019 total to $40 million.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> The funding situation for 2019 and beyond was discussed in April at a "Ministerial Strategic Dialogue" attended by representatives from Egypt, France, Germany, Japan, Kuwait, Norway, United Kingdom, the European External Action Service, and the European Commission.<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> At the annual meeting of the General Assembly that year, a high-level ministerial meeting was held regarding UNRWA funding.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> In July 2020, Commissioner-General Lazzarini warned that UNRWA's budget was "not sustainable", with shortfalls in four out of the five previous years, and funding at its lowest point since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-57">[53]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, for all countries receiving more than $2 billion in international aid in 2012, Gaza and the West Bank received a per capita aid budget over double the next largest recipient, at a rate of $495.<a href="#cite_note-bank3-68">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-bank22-69">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operations">Operations</h2></div> UNRWA provides a wide variety of social and humanitarian services, as determined by resolutions of the UN General Assembly. Since its initial establishment in 1949, its operations have expanded beyond immediate relief and social services; as of 2019, the bulk of its budget is spent on education (58 percent), followed by health care (15 percent), and general support services (13 percent).<a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_programme">Education programme</h3></div> Education is UNRWA's largest area of activity, accounting for more than half its regular budget and the majority of its staff.<a href="#cite_note-:4-71">[67]</a> It operates one of the largest school systems in the Middle East, spanning 711 elementary and preparatory schools, eight vocational and technical schools, and two teacher training institutes.<a href="#cite_note-:4-71">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> It has been the main provider of basic education to <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinian</a> refugee children since 1950. Free basic education is available to all registered refugee children, currently numbering 526,000.<a href="#cite_note-:4-71">[67]</a> In the 1960s, UNRWA schools became the first in the region to achieve full <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> and a slight majority of enrolled students are female.<a href="#cite_note-:4-71">[67]</a> Half the Palestine refugee population is under 25. Overcrowded classrooms containing 40 or even 50 pupils are common. Almost three-quarters run on a double-shift system, where two separate groups of pupils and teachers share the same buildings, thus reducing teaching time. The school year is often interrupted by conflicts, prompting UNRWA to develop a special programme that provides education in emergency situations.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> Per the longstanding agreement, UNRWA schools follow the curriculum of their host countries. This allows UNRWA pupils to progress to further education or employment holding locally recognised qualifications and complies with the sovereignty requirements of countries hosting refugees. Wherever possible, UNRWA students take national exams conducted by the host governments. Pupils at UNRWA schools often out-perform government school pupils in these state exams.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Not all refugee children attend UNRWA schools. In Jordan and Syria, children have full access to government schools and many attend those because they are close to where they reside.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief_and_social_services_programme">Relief and social services programme</h3></div> In Palestinian refugee society, families without a male breadwinner are often very vulnerable. Those headed by a widow, a divorcee, or a disabled father often live in dire poverty.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> These families are considered "hardship cases" and constitute less than 6% of UNRWA beneficiaries. UNRWA provides food aid, cash assistance, and help with shelter repairs to these families. In addition, children from special hardship case families are given preferential access to the Agency's vocational training centres, while women in such families are encouraged to join UNRWA's women's programme centres. In these centres, training, advice, and childcare are available to encourage female refugees' social development. UNRWA has created community-based organizations (CBOs) to target women, refugees with disabilities, and to look after the needs of children. The CBOs now have their own management committees staffed by volunteers from the community. UNRWA provides them with technical and small sums of targeted financial assistance, but many have formed links of their own with local and international NGOs. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_program">Health program</h3></div> Since 1950, UNRWA has been the main healthcare provider for Palestinian refugees.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> Basic health needs are met through a network of primary care clinics, providing access to secondary treatment in hospitals, food aid to vulnerable groups, and environmental health in refugee camps. Key figures for 2014 are: <ul><li>139 primary health facilities based in or near UNRWA settlements/camps</li> <li>3,107 health staff</li> <li>3,134,732 refugees accessing health services</li> <li>9,290,197 annual patient visits</li></ul> The health of Palestine refugees has long resembled that of many populations in the transition from <a href="/wiki/Developing_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing world">developing world</a> to <a href="/wiki/Developed_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed world">developed world</a> status. However, there is now a demographic transition. <blockquote>People are living longer and developing different needs, particularly those related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic conditions that require lifelong care, such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. A healthy life is a continuum of phases from infancy to old age, each of which has unique, specific needs, and our programme therefore takes a 'life-cycle approach' to providing its package of preventive and curative health services. To address the changing needs of Palestine refugees, we undertook a major reform initiative in 2011. We introduced the Family Health Team (FHT) approach, based on the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>-indicated values of primary health care, in our primary health facilities (PHFs). The FHT offers comprehensive primary health care services based on wholistic care of the entire family, emphasizing long-term provider-patient relationships and ensuring person-centeredness, comprehensiveness, and continuity. Moreover, the FHT helps address intersectional issues that impact health, such as diet and physical activity, education, gender-based violence, child protection, poverty, and community development.</blockquote> Medical services include outpatient care, dental treatment, and rehabilitation for the physically disabled. Maternal and child healthcare (MCH) is a priority for UNRWA's health program. School health teams and camp medical officers visit UNRWA schools to examine new pupils to aid early detection of childhood diseases. All UNRWA clinics offer family planning services with counselling that emphasises the importance of birth spacing as a factor in maternal and child health. Agency clinics also supervise the provision of food aid to nursing and pregnant mothers who need it, and six clinics in the Gaza Strip have their own maternity units. <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rates" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rates">Infant mortality rates</a> have for some time been lower among refugees than the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s benchmark for the developing world. UNRWA provides refugees with assistance in meeting the costs of hospitalisation either by partially reimbursing them, or by negotiating contracts with government, NGOs, and private hospitals. UNRWA's environmental health services program "controls the quality of drinking water, provides sanitation, and carries out vector and rodent control in refugee camps, thus reducing the risk of epidemics." <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNRWA_Microfinance_Department">UNRWA Microfinance Department</h3></div> UNRWA's <a href="/wiki/Microfinance" title="Microfinance">Microfinance</a> Department (MD) aims to alleviate poverty and support economic development in the refugee community by providing capital investment and <a href="/wiki/Working_capital" title="Working capital">working capital</a> loans at commercial rates. The programme seeks to be as close to self-supporting as possible. It has a strong record of creating employment, generating income, and empowering refugees. The Microfinance Department is an autonomous financial unit within UNRWA, established in 1991 to provide microfinance services to Palestine refugees, as well as poor or marginal groups living and working in close proximity to them. With operations in three countries, the MD currently has the broadest regional coverage of any microfinance institution in the Middle East. Having begun its operations in the Palestinian territories, it remains the largest non-bank financial intermediary in the West Bank and Gaza. Key figures, cumulative as of 2023 are:<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <ul><li>29,000 number of loans awarded</li> <li>US$531.41 million value of loans awarded</li> <li>25% youth outreach</li> <li>48% women outreach</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergency_operations">Emergency operations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/UNRWA" title="Special:EditPage/UNRWA">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (January 2024) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> UNRWA takes a wide variety of actions to mitigate the effects of emergencies on the lives of Palestine refugees. Particularly in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the Gaza Strip (occupied Palestinian territory (oPt)) there has been ongoing intervention made necessary by, e.g., the 1967 War as well as the first and second intifadas, and the 2014 Gaza War. Up until this point, the reconstruction work at <a href="/wiki/Nahr_el-Bared" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahr el-Bared">Nahr el-Bared</a> Palestine refugee camp in Lebanon has been the largest reconstruction project ever undertaken by UNRWA. This work began in 2009 and was made necessary when the camp was destroyed in the fighting between the Lebanese Armed Forces and <a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a> in 2007. UNRWA evaluates the ongoing conflict in Syria as one of the most serious challenges ever. UNRWA supports Palestinian refugees, both those displaced within Syria and those who have fled to neighbouring countries within the UNRWA areas of operations. Services range from supplying temporary shelter, water, food, clothing, and blankets to temporary job-creation and help for rebuilding. There is extensive cooperation with other international NGOs and local actors. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure_and_camp/settlement_improvement">Infrastructure and camp/settlement improvement</h3></div> As of 2023, there are <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">58 official refugee camps</a> for Palestininans, of which nine are undergoing active improvement.<a href="#cite_note-UNRWA_2023_report-78">[74]</a>: 62  6 million refugees were registered with UNRWA,<a href="#cite_note-UNRWA_2023_report-78">[74]</a>: 5  with 1.37 million in Gaza using a UNRWA camp.<a href="#cite_note-UNRWA_2023_report-78">[74]</a>: 12  The camps are neither owned nor administered by the Agency; host governments are responsible for allocating land (mostly of which is privately owned) and providing security and order.<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> Rather, UNRWA is responsible for operating education, health, relief and social services, microfinance, and emergency assistance programmes, some of which may be located outside the camps.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> However, as the camps have gradually transformed from temporary <a href="/wiki/Tent_city" title="Tent city">"tent" cities</a> to semi-permanent and dense urban environments, UNRWA has characterized them as "hyper-congested" and "overcrowded" with "critically substandard and in many cases life-threatening" infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-WhatWeDo-81">[77]</a> In response, in 2007 the Agency launched the Infrastructure and Camp Improvement Programme (ICIP) to improve spatial and environmental conditions through comprehensive urban planning methods and community engagement.<a href="#cite_note-WhatWeDo-81">[77]</a> ICIP is implemented differently in each host country based on local needs, resources, and priorities, albeit with a broader focus on rehabilitating or reconstructing existing shelters, building new housing or service centers, providing maintenance, and improving public infrastructure such as sanitation and water drainage. Following the destruction of much of the <a href="/wiki/Nahr_al-Bared_refugee_camp" title="Nahr al-Bared refugee camp">Nahr al-Bared refugee camp</a> in northern Lebanon in 2007, resulting from months of fighting between <a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a> militants and the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces" title="Lebanese Armed Forces">Lebanese Armed Forces</a>,<a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> UNRWA led the initiative to rebuild the camp, in what has become the largest project in its history.<a href="#cite_note-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> As of April 2021, nearly two-thirds (72 percent) of the camp has been reconstructed, including 386 shops and businesses, enabling 3,550 families to return.<a href="#cite_note-85">[81]</a> Special funding has been provided by Saudi Arabia, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assessment_and_praise">Assessment and praise</h2></div> UNRWA has received praise from Nobel Peace laureates <a href="/wiki/Mair%C3%A9ad_Corrigan_Maguire" class="mw-redirect" title="Mairéad Corrigan Maguire">Mairéad Corrigan Maguire</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[83]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan" title="Kofi Annan">Kofi Annan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> the president of the UN General Assembly,<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> former UN Secretary-General <a href="/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon" title="Ban Ki-moon">Ban Ki-moon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> and representatives from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> the United States,<a href="#cite_note-un.org2-92">[88]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>,<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a> Japan,<a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>,<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>,<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, among others. In 2007, the Permanent Representative of Norway to the United Nations described his country as a "strong supporter" of UNRWA, which acts as "a safety net" for the Palestine refugees, providing them with "immediate relief, basic services and the possibility of a life in dignity".<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> The same day, the Representative of <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> praised the agency's ability to "deliver substantial results" despite "often life-threatening conditions".<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> In 2007, Israel expressed its continued support for UNRWA, noting that despite "concerns regarding the politicization" of the agency, the country supports its humanitarian mission.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> On 17 January 2024, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">US State Department</a> Spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Miller_(spokesperson)" title="Matthew Miller (spokesperson)">Matthew Miller</a> rejected calls to defund UNRWA, saying:<blockquote>UNRWA has done and continues to do invaluable work to address the humanitarian situation in Gaza at great personal risk to UNRWA members. I believe it’s over 100 UNRWA staff members have been killed doing this lifesaving work, and we continue to not only support it but we continue to commend them for the really heroic efforts that they make oftentimes while making the greatest sacrifice.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_evaluations">Independent evaluations</h3></div> In 2011, UNRWA agreed to be assessed by the Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network (MOPAN), a network of donor countries established to determine the organisational effectiveness of multilateral organisations.<a href="#cite_note-mopanonline3-102">[98]</a> Based on four dimensions of organisational effectiveness—strategic management, operational management, relationship management, and knowledge management—MOPAN concluded that the agency performs adequately or well in most key indicators, particularly within strategic management.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> UNRWA responded to the result positively, noting that "many of the challenges highlighted in the report reflect challenges within most, if not all, multilateral organisations."<a href="#cite_note-mopanonline22-104">[100]</a> In its most recent assessment in 2019, MOPAN commended UNRWA for continuing to increase the efficiency of its programmes, recognizing the agency as "competent, resilient and resolute".<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism_and_controversies">Criticism and controversies</h2></div> In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Marx" title="Emanuel Marx">Emanuel Marx</a> and Nitza Nachmias pointed out that many criticisms of the agency corresponded to its age, "including symptoms of inflexibility, resistance to adjust to the changing political environment, and refusal to phase out and transfer its responsibilities to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>".<a href="#cite_note-:11-107">[103]</a> In 2007, UNRWA initiated a reform program to improve efficiency.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> However, an internal ethics report leaked to <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a> in 2019 alleged that, since 2015, the agency's senior management have consolidated power at the expense of efficiency, leading to widespread misconduct, nepotism, and other abuses of power among high ranking personnel.<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[105]</a> Responding to the Al Jazeera report, UNRWA issued a statement that both internal and external assessments of its management have been "positive":<a href="#cite_note-:0-109">[105]</a><blockquote>A recent report by an external group of experts (MOPAN) [Multilateral Organisation Performance Assessment Network] has just shown satisfactory (and at times very satisfactory) results of UNRWA's management and impact - which is particularly important for us during these times of intense political and financial pressure on the agency ... Similarly, the United Nations Board of Auditors recognized the quality of the management and leadership of UNRWA. Finally, the 2018 annual report recently presented by UNRWA's Department of Internal Oversight Services and Ethics Division - both independent bodies - to UNRWA's Advisory Commission (host countries and largest donors) confirmed these positive assessments. These reports testify to the strength of this Agency and are a matter of public record.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandate">Mandate</h3></div> Some critics of UNRWA have argued that it serves to perpetuate the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> Although UNRWA's mandate is only for relief works,<a href="#cite_note-UNRWA_relief_and_works_only-114">[110]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal_Europe" title="The Wall Street Journal Europe">The Wall Street Journal Europe</a>, published an <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-ed</a> by <a href="/wiki/Asaf_Romirowsky" title="Asaf Romirowsky">Asaf Romirowsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Joffe" title="Alexander H. Joffe">Alexander H. Joffe</a> in April 2011 saying that "it is hard to claim that the UNRWA has created any Palestinian institutions that foster genuinely civil society. Ideally, the UNRWA would be disbanded and Palestinians given the freedom – and the responsibility – to build their own society."<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> The High Commission is mandated to help refugees get on with their lives as quickly as possible and works to settle them rapidly, most frequently in countries other than those they fled. UNRWA policy, however, states that the Palestinian Arabs who fled from Israel in the course of the 1948 war, plus all of their descendants, are to be considered refugees until a just and durable solution can be found by political actors. UNRWA was specifically designed not to prescribe how the outcome of an agreement would take shape.<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> James G. Lindsay, a former UNRWA general counsel and fellow researcher for <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>, published a report for in 2009 in which he criticized UNRWA practices.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> One of his conclusions was that UNRWA's failure to match the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR's</a> success in resettling refugees "obviously represents a political decision on the part of the agency" and "seems to favor the strain of Palestinian political thought espoused by those who are intent on a 'return' to the land that is now Israel".<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operations_2">Operations</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protection_of_Palestinian_refugees">Protection of Palestinian refugees</h4></div> Asem Khalil, Associate Professor of Law at <a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit University</a>, and Dean of the Faculty of Law and Public Administration, has focused on human rights issues for Palestinians in host countries.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-120">[116]</a> After systematically documenting the human rights situation for Palestinians in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, he concludes:<a href="#cite_note-auto-120">[116]</a> <blockquote>The point this approach is stresses, I believe, is not that UNRWA is not necessary or that Palestinian refugeehood is not unique and special, but rather that UNRWA is not currently capable of ensuring necessary protection for Palestinian refugees, and that host <a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab states</a> cannot use the uniqueness of Palestinian refugeehood to continue upholding discriminatory laws and policies towards Palestinian refugees. ... The global financial crisis may result in decreasing international funds to UNRWA, and UNRWA may be pushed towards reducing its services. Such a scenario will be felt by Palestinian refugees in particular ways, seeing the absence of alternative sources of income and the restrictive laws and policies that exist in some host countries. UNRWA is a main service provider for Palestinian refugees in host countries. It provides jobs for thousands of refugees, education, health care, and various other services that are extremely valuable and necessary. ... The issue at stake here is that UNRWA is not enough, but the alternative is not the replacement of UNRWA by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a>, rather the enhancement of the protection role of UNRWA, or the extension of protection mandate of UNHCR to Palestinian refugees besides (not instead) existing agencies dealing with Palestinian refugees ... </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Textbook_controversy">Textbook controversy</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Textbooks_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></div> In 2005 Nathan Brown, Professor of Political Science at <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a>, wrote a short but comprehensive review article about textbooks used by Palestinians, focusing especially on changes starting in 1994. <blockquote>The <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo agreements</a> resulted in the dismantling of the Israeli office responsible for censorship of textbooks. Administration of the education system for all Palestinian students in the West Bank and Gaza was taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> (PA). Other Palestinian schools administered by UNRWA in neighboring countries were unaffected. With the end of UNESCO monitoring of the books, UNRWA moved to develop supplementary materials to teach tolerance in the schools it administered.<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> </blockquote> It is the PA textbooks used in UNRWA schools in the West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem that have been most extensively studied. The following discussions cannot be generalized to UNRWA schools elsewhere. In the beginning, the PA used books from Jordan and Egypt. In 2000 it started issuing its own books. Nathan Brown investigated the differences between the new PA books and the ones being replaced.<a href="#cite_note-pcdc.edu.ps-122">[118]</a> Regarding the Palestinian Authority's new textbooks, he states: <blockquote>The new books have removed the anti-Semitism present in the older books while they tell history from a Palestinian point of view, they do not seek to erase Israel, delegitimize, it or replace it with the "<a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>"; each book contains a foreword describing the West Bank and Gaza as "the two parts of the homeland"; the maps show some awkwardness but do sometimes indicate the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel)">1967 line</a> and take some other measures to avoid indicating borders; in this respect they are actually more forthcoming than Israeli maps; the books avoid treating Israel at length but do indeed mention it by name; the new books must be seen as a tremendous improvement from a Jewish, Israeli, and humanitarian view; they do not compare unfavorably to the material my son was given as a fourth-grade student in a school in Tel Aviv".</blockquote> Brown has pointed out that research into Palestinian textbooks conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Monitoring_the_Impact_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Monitoring the Impact of Peace">Centre for Monitoring the Impact of Peace</a> in 1998 is misleading because it evaluates the old books; and in 2000, its research mixed old and new books.<a href="#cite_note-pcdc.edu.ps-122">[118]</a> In 2002, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> requested the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> to commission a reputable NGO to conduct a review of the new Palestinian curriculum. The <a href="/wiki/Israel/Palestine_Center_for_Research_and_Information" title="Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information">Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information</a> (IPCRI) was thereby commissioned by the US Embassy in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> and the US Consul General in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to review the Palestinian Authority's textbooks. Its report was completed in March 2003 and delivered to the State Department for submission to Congress. Its executive summary states: "The overall orientation of the curriculum is <a href="/wiki/Peace_education" title="Peace education">peaceful</a> despite the harsh and violent realities on the ground. It does not openly incite against Israel and the Jews. It does not openly incite hatred and violence. Religious and political tolerance is emphasized in a good number of textbooks and in multiple contexts." IPCRI's June 2004 follow-up report notes that "except for calls for resisting occupation and oppression, no signs were detected of outright promotion of hatred towards Israel, Judaism, or Zionism" and that "tolerance, as a concept, runs across the new textbooks". The report also stated that "textbooks revealed numerous instances that introduce and promote the universal and religious values and concepts of respect of other cultures, religions, and ethnic groups, peace, human rights, freedom of speech, justice, compassion, diversity, plurality, tolerance, respect of law, and environmental awareness". However, the IPCRI noted a number of deficiencies in the curriculum. <blockquote>The practice of 'appropriating' sites, areas, localities, geographic regions, etc. inside the territory of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Israel">State of Israel</a> as Palestine/Palestinian observed in our previous review, remains a feature of the newly published textbooks (4th and 9th Grade) laying substantive grounds to the contention that the Palestinian Authority did not in fact recognize Israel as the State of the Jewish people. ...</blockquote> The Summary also states that the curriculum asserts a historical Arab presence in the region, while:<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a> <blockquote>The Jewish connection to the region, in general, and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a>, in particular, is virtually missing. This lack of reference is perceived as tantamount to a denial of such a connection, although no direct evidence is found for such a denial." It also notes that "terms and passages used to describe some historical events are sometimes offensive in nature and could be construed as reflecting hatred of and discrimination against Jews and Judaism." </blockquote> The US State Department has similarly raised concerns about the content of <a href="/wiki/Textbooks_in_the_Palestinian_territories#2009_US_State_Department's_Human_Rights_report" class="mw-redirect" title="Textbooks in the Palestinian territories">textbooks used in PA schools</a>. In its 2009 Human Rights report, the US Department of State wrote that after a 2006 revision of textbooks by the PA Ministry of Education and Higher Education, international academics concluded that books did not incite violence against Jews but showed imbalance, bias, and inaccuracy. The examples given were similar to those given by IPCRI.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> In 2013 the results of a rigorous study, which also compared Israeli textbooks to PA textbooks, came out. The study was launched by the <a href="/wiki/Munib_Younan" title="Munib Younan">Council for Religious Institutions in the Holy Land</a>, an interfaith association of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim leaders in Israel and the Occupied Territories. The study was overseen by an international Scientific Advisory Panel and funded by the US State Department<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> The Council published a report "Victims of Our Own Narratives? Portrayal of the 'Other' in Israeli and Palestinian School Books".<a href="#cite_note-Ziri-126">[122]</a> Most books were found to be factually accurate except, for example, through presenting maps that present the area from the river to the sea as either Palestine or Israel. Israeli schoolbooks were deemed superior to Palestinian ones with regard to preparing children for peace, although various depictions of the "other" as enemy occurred in 75% of Israeli, and in 81% of Palestinian textbooks.<a href="#cite_note-Ackerman-127">[123]</a> The study praised both Israel and the Palestinian Authority for producing textbooks almost completely unblemished by "dehumanizing and demonizing characterizations of the other". Yet many troubling examples were given of both sides failing to represent each other in a positive or even adequate way. And the problem was more pronounced in PA textbooks.<a href="#cite_note-Sanders-128">[124]</a> <ul><li>Neutral depictions of "the other" were found in 4% of Israeli, and 15% of Palestinian textbooks.</li> <li>Overall negative or very negative representations of Palestinians occurred 49% of the time in Israeli state school books (73% in Haredi school books) and in 84% of Palestinian textbooks.<a href="#cite_note-Sanders-128">[124]</a></li> <li>Highly negative characterizations were discerned in 26% of Israeli state school books and 50% of the Palestinian ones.<a href="#cite_note-Ziri-126">[122]</a></li></ul> All in all there seems to be broad agreement that there is continual improvement in the textbooks used by UNRWA—but very strong disagreement about whether the improvement is sufficient. In response to a critical report[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] written in 2009 by former UNRWA general counsel James G. Lindsay, fellow researcher for <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ging" title="John Ging">John Ging</a>, head of UNRWA Gaza, said: "As for our schools, we use textbooks of the Palestinian Authority. Are they perfect? No, they're not. I can't defend the indefensible."[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] UNRWA has taken many steps since the year 2000 to supplement the PA curriculum with concepts of human rights, nonviolent conflict resolution, and tolerance. According to the UNRWA website:<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">non-primary source needed</a>] <blockquote>We have been delivering human rights education in our schools since 2000 to promote non-violence, healthy communication skills, peaceful conflict resolution, human rights, tolerance, and good citizenship. In May 2012, the Agency endorsed its new Human Rights, Conflict Resolution and Tolerance (HRCRT) Policy to further strengthen human rights education in UNRWA. This policy builds upon past successes, but also draws from international best practices and paves the way to better integrate human rights education in all our schools. The HRCRT Policy reflects the UNRWA mandate of quality education for Palestine refugees and sets out a common approach among all UNRWA schools for the teaching and learning of human rights, conflict resolution and tolerance. The vision of the policy is to "provide human rights education that empowers Palestine refugee students to enjoy and exercise their rights, uphold human rights values, be proud of their Palestinian identity, and contribute positively to their society and the global community."</blockquote>In 2021, the Australian and Canadian governments started investigating UNRWA, and the British government found that UNRWA had produced and disseminated textbooks inciting violence. UNRWA blocked public access to its website contents in response. <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Lazzarini" title="Philippe Lazzarini">Phillipe Lazzarini</a> admitted to the European Parliament that the study materials in UNRWA's schools featured incitement to violence, glorification of acts of terror, and antisemitism,<a href="#cite_note-:9-130">[126]</a> but insisted that the agency takes steps to prevent the material from being taught.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> A review performed in 2024 names using "host-country textbooks with problematic content" as one of the issues with UNRWA's neutrality.<a href="#cite_note-magramo-132">[128]</a> The review states "Three international assessments of PA textbooks in recent years have provided a nuanced picture,..Two identified presence of bias and antagonistic content, but did not provide evidence of antisemitic content. The third assessment, by the [German-based] <a href="/wiki/Georg_Eckert_Institute" title="Georg Eckert Institute">Georg Eckert Institute</a>, studied 156 PA textbooks and identified two examples that it found to display antisemitic motifs but noted that one of them had already been removed, the other has been altered."<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Relationship_with_Hamas">Relationship with Hamas</h4></div> In April 2013, Palestinian journalist Hazem Balousha summed up years of tension between UNRWA and Hamas:<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> <blockquote>Agency in Gaza faces increasing difficulty in carrying out its work, as the Hamas-led government claims some of its activities are not in line with the Strip's Islamic culture and values ...</blockquote> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, Hamas has in some cases threatened UN staff in Gaza; the former UNRWA chief in Gaza, <a href="/wiki/John_Ging" title="John Ging">John Ging</a>, has survived two assassination attempts.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-135">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hansen_(UN)" title="Peter Hansen (UN)">Peter Hansen</a>, UNRWA's former Commissioner-General (1996–2005), caused controversy in Canada in October 2004 when he said in an interview with <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> TV:<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> <blockquote>Oh I am sure that there are Hamas members on the UNRWA payroll and I don't see that as a crime. Hamas as a political organization does not mean that every member is a militant and we do not do political vetting and exclude people from one persuasion as against another. We demand of our staff, whatever their political persuasion is, that they behave in accordance with UN standards and norms for neutrality.</blockquote> Hansen later specified that he had been referring not to active Hamas members, but to Hamas sympathizers within UNRWA. In a letter to the Agency's major donors, he said he was attempting to be honest because UNRWA has over 8,200 employees in the Gaza Strip. Given the 30% support of Hamas in Gaza at the time, and UNRWA's workforce of 11,000 Palestinians, at least some Hamas sympathizers were likely to be among UNRWA's employees. The important thing, he wrote, was that UNRWA's strict rules and regulations ensured that its staff remained impartial UN servants. Hansen was retired from United Nations service against his will on 31 March 2005 after the United States blocked his reappointment.<a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-icej-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-theguardian-140">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_G._Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="James G. Lindsay">James G. Lindsay</a>, a former UNRWA general counsel and fellow researcher for <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a> published a report for WINEP in 2009 in which he criticized UNRWA practices. One of his conclusions was that UNRWA is not ousting terrorists from its ranks:<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> <blockquote>UNRWA has taken very few steps to detect and eliminate terrorists from the ranks of its staff or its beneficiaries, and no steps at all to prevent members of organizations such as Hamas from joining its staff. UNRWA has no preemployment security checks and does not monitor off-time behavior to ensure compliance with the organization's anti-terror rules. No justification exists for millions of dollars in humanitarian aid going to those who can afford to pay for UNRWA services.</blockquote> In 2013 Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan Dahoah-Halevi, senior researcher of the Middle East and radical Islam at the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-jcpa-143">[139]</a> asserted that 'the UNRWA workers union has been controlled in practice by Hamas for many years'.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, Hamas won a teachers union election for UN schools in Gaza in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> UNRWA has strongly denied this and notes that "Staff elections are conducted on an individual – not party list – basis for unions that handle normal labour relations – not political – issues."<a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/John_Ging" title="John Ging">John Ging</a>, the Gaza head of operations, said in a letter dated 29 March 2009 that employees must not "be under the influence of any political party in the conduct of their work."<a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> It has also been claimed[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] that in 2012, the Hamas "Professional List" again won a Staff Union election in UNRWA. The Professional List is led by alleged senior Hamas activist Suheil Al-Hind. More than 9,500 UNRWA employees in the Gaza Strip participated; this represented more than 80% turnout. The professional list won three UNRWA workers groups: the employees', teachers', and services' unions.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hamas_interference">Hamas interference</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hamas%E2%80%93UNRWA_Holocaust_dispute" title="Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute">Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute</a></div> It has been reported that Hamas has interfered with curriculum and textbooks in UNRWA schools.<a href="#cite_note-hamas-rejects-149">[145]</a> For example, in 2009 it caused UNRWA to <a href="/wiki/Hamas%E2%80%93UNRWA_Holocaust_dispute" title="Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute">suspend a decision</a> to introduce Holocaust studies in its schools.<a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-150">[146]</a> One of UNRWA's flagships has been gender-equality and integration. But Hamas militants have firebombed UNRWA mixed-gender summer camps,<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-135">[131]</a> and in 2013 Hamas passed a law requiring gender segregation in schools for all pupils nine years of age and older in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> The law does not apply to UNRWA schools. Elhanen Miller, the Arab affairs reporter for <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>, wrote in February 2014 that Hamas was "bashing" UNRWA's human rights curriculum, saying that it included too many examples and values foreign to Palestinian culture and had too much emphasis on peaceful resistance rather than armed resistance. In this case UNRWA refused to be swayed. Spokesman <a href="/wiki/Chris_Gunness" title="Chris Gunness">Chris Gunness</a> said:<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> <blockquote>UNRWA has no plans to change its education programs in Gaza ... human rights are taught in all UNRWA schools from grades 1 through 9, discussing the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>. UNRWA's education system takes as its basis the curriculum taught by the PA and so we use PA textbooks in preparing children in Gaza for public examinations. ... In addition, we enrich our education programs in Gaza with an agreed human rights curriculum which has been developed with the communities we serve: with educationalists, parents groups, teachers associations, staff members and others. We have done our utmost in developing these materials to be sensitive to local values while also being true to the universal values that underpin the work of the United Nations. </blockquote> However, after a few days, UNRWA consented to temporarily suspending the use of only the books used in grades 7–9 (continuing to use the books used in grades 1–6) pending further discussions.<a href="#cite_note-hamas-rejects-149">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Operation_of_summer_camps">Operation of summer camps</h4></div> Hamas has denounced UNRWA and Ging, accusing them of using their summer camps to corrupt the morals of Palestinian youth. Hamas also advised UNRWA to reexamine its curriculum to ensure its suitability for Palestinian society, due to the mixing of genders at the camps. In September 2011 it was reported that, under pressure from Hamas, UNRWA has made all its summer camps single-sex.<a href="#cite_note-The_Economist-150">[146]</a> Hamas has its own network of summer camps and the two organizations are regarded to be vying for influence with Gazan youth.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Islamic Jihad</a> has also run summer camps since 2013.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> UNRWA did not operate its summer camps for summer 2012 and summer 2014 due to a lack of available funding. Hamas has filled this void and now is the direct provider of summer activities for about 100,000 children and youths.<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> In 2013, UNRWA canceled its planned marathon in Gaza after Hamas rulers prohibited women from participating in the race.<a href="#cite_note-156">[152]</a> In 2013, Israeli media outlets aired a video documenting UNRWA-funded summer camps where children are being taught to engage in violence with Israelis. The video airs speakers telling campers "With God's help and our own strength we will wage war. And with education and Jihad we will return to our homes!" A student is also shown on camera describing that "the summer camp teaches us that we have to liberate Palestine."<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-53">[49]</a> UNRWA denies that the video shows UNRWA summer camps and instead shows footage of camps that were not operated by UNRWA, and stated that the film was "grossly misleading" and that "the film-maker concerned has a history of making baseless claims about UNRWA, all of which we have investigated and demonstrated to be patently false." It stated that the 'summer camp' shown in the West Bank was not affiliated with or organized by UNRWA, and that footage from the camp in Gaza "revealed that absolutely nothing anti-Semitic or inflammatory was done or said".<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigations_and_calls_for_accountability_and_reform">Investigations and calls for accountability and reform</h2></div> Many critics of UNRWA, while generally recognizing the importance of its work and the infeasibility of disbanding it, believe it requires more transparency, oversight, and support. Writing in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a> in April 2012, <a href="/wiki/Karen_Koning_AbuZayd" title="Karen Koning AbuZayd">Karen Koning AbuZayd</a>, a former Commissioner-General of the UNRWA (2005–2009), argued that "UNRWA needs support not brickbats".<a href="#cite_note-middleeastmonitor-158">[154]</a> She concluded that: <blockquote>... even those who scrutinise [UNRWA] most closely and challenge it most severely are those who also ensure that its programmes receive adequate funding. They, like others who view the agency more positively, realise that UNRWA makes a major contribution to stability in the Middle East. </blockquote> Writing in the <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">Times of Israel</a> on 31 July 2014, <a href="/wiki/David_Horovitz" title="David Horovitz">David Horovitz</a> likewise observed that although Israel has many complaints against UNRWA, it is broadly supportive of the organization not interested in abolishing it. During the article's publication, the <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza conflict</a> had resulted in 225,000 displaced persons within Gaza, the vast majority of whom relied on UNRWA for immediate support. Horovits also noted that Israel acknowledges UNRWA's close monitoring by Hamas for any alleged <a href="/wiki/Pro-Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Israel">pro-Israel</a> bias.<a href="#cite_note-timesofisrael-159">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repeated_calls_for_investigation_by_the_United_States">Repeated calls for investigation by the United States</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a> financed a programme of "Operations Support Officers" whose responsibilities including undertaking random and unannounced inspections of UNRWA facilities to ensure their sanctity from militant operations. In 2004, the <a href="/wiki/US_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="US Congress">U.S. Congress</a> asked the <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> to investigate media claims that government funding given to UNRWA had been used to support individuals involved in militant activities. During its investigation, the GAO discovered several irregularities in its processing and employment history.<a href="#cite_note-gao-160">[156]</a> In August 2014, several US Senators demanded an impartial investigation into UNRWA's alleged participation in the <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza-Israel conflict</a>, accusing UNRWA of being complicit with Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-jpost-161">[157]</a> <blockquote>... While the letter does not call on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State Department</a> to cut aid, the senators write that the American taxpayers "deserve to know if UNRWA is fulfilling its mission or taking sides in this tragic conflict." ... Responding to the letter, a <a href="/wiki/Spokesperson_for_the_United_States_Department_of_State" title="Spokesperson for the United States Department of State">State Department spokesman</a> said that the UN is taking "proactive steps to address this problem," including deploying munitions experts to the strip in search of more weapons caches. "The international community cannot accept a situation where the United Nations– its facilities, staff, and those it is protecting — are used as shields for militants and terrorist groups," State Department spokesone Edgar Vasquez told <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. "We remain in intensive consultations with UN leadership about the UN's response." ... "There are few good solutions given the exceptionally difficult situation in Gaza," Vasquez continued, "but nonetheless we are in contact with the United Nations, other UNRWA donors, and concerned parties – including Israel – on identifying better options for protecting the neutrality of UN facilities and ensuring that weapons discovered are handled appropriately and do not find their way back to Hamas or other terrorist groups."<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a></blockquote>In 2018, citing a "failure to mobilize adequate and appropriate burden sharing," the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a> stopped funding UNRWA, calling its fundamental business model and fiscal practices "simply unsustainable".<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> Then-Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> maintained that "most Palestinians under UNRWA's jurisdiction aren't refugees, and UNRWA is a hurdle to peace."<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration</a> restarted funding in April 2021,<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> and as of 2023 has provided over $1 billion to the aid agency.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="James_G._Lindsay">James G. Lindsay</h3></div> On the basis of his 2009 analyses for WINEP, referred to in previous sections, former UNRWA general-counsel <a href="/wiki/James_G._Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="James G. Lindsay">James G. Lindsay</a> and fellow researcher for <a href="/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Institute for Near East Policy">Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] made the following suggestions for improvement:[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <blockquote>UNRWA should make the following operational changes: halt its one-sided political statements and limit itself to comments on humanitarian issues; take additional steps to ensure the agency is not employing or providing benefits to terrorists and criminals; and allow the <a href="/wiki/UN_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization">UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization</a> (UNESCO), or some other neutral entity, to provide balanced and discrimination-free textbooks for UNRWA schools.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Whitley" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Whitley">Andrew Whitley</a>, director of the UNRWA representative office at <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">UN headquarters in New York</a>, criticized the report as biased and relying on limited sources. Additionally, he noted: "Someone reading this paper with no background would assume that the Israeli government was a benign actor. No mention is made of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupation of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip</a>."<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> UNRWA's Jerusalem spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Chris_Gunness" title="Chris Gunness">Chris Gunness</a> stated that UNRWA rejects Lindsay's report and its findings and said that the study was inaccurate and misleading, since it "makes selective use of source material and fails to paint a truthful portrait of UNRWA and its operations today".<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> In response to the criticism of his report from UNRWA, Lindsay writes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Despite repeated requests from the author, the agency declined to identify the alleged weaknesses on the grounds that "our views—and understanding—of UNRWA's role, the refugees and even U.S. policy are too far apart for us to take time (time that we do not have) to enter into an exchange with little likelihood of influencing a narrative which so substantially differs from our own." Thus, the paper has not benefited from any input by UNRWA, whether a discussion of policy or even correction of alleged errors.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canadian_redirection_of_funds_from_UNRWA_to_specific_PA_projects">Canadian redirection of funds from UNRWA to specific PA projects</h3></div> In January 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> announced that it was redirecting aid previously earmarked to UNRWA "to specific projects in the Palestinian Authority that will ensure accountability and foster democracy in the PA." <a href="/wiki/Vic_Toews" title="Vic Toews">Victor Toews</a>, the president of <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Board_of_Canada" title="Treasury Board of Canada">Canada's Treasury Board</a>, stated, "Overall, Canada is not reducing the amount of money given to the PA, but it is now being redirected in accordance with Canadian values. This will ensure accountability and foster democracy in the PA." Previously, Canada provided UNRWA with 11 percent of its budget at $10 million (Canadian) annually.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> The decision came despite positive internal evaluations of the Agency by <a href="/wiki/Canadian_International_Development_Agency" title="Canadian International Development Agency">CIDA</a> officials.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a> The Canadian decision put it very much at odds with the US and EU, which maintained or increased their levels of funding. Some suggested that the decision also cost Canada international support in its failed October 2010 effort to obtain a seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> Documents obtained from CIDA revealed that even the government of Israel opposed the Canadian move, and had asked Ottawa to resume contributions to UNRWA's General Fund.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNRWA_Reform_Initiative">UNRWA Reform Initiative</h3></div> An initiative to reform UNRWA was announced by the Center for Near East Policy Research in March 2014.<a href="#cite_note-ncp-173">[169]</a> The Center carries out research and (through its "Israel Resource News Agency") investigative journalism and research in cooperation with a wide variety of organisations and researchers, such as <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Forum" title="Middle East Forum">The Middle East Forum</a>, which has published an entire issue of <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East Quarterly">Middle East Quarterly</a> discussing the challenges facing UNRWA.<a href="#cite_note-mef-174">[170]</a> The main thrust of the UNRWA Reform Initiative is to present documentation of problems with UNRWA to sponsor nations and organisations with the aim of increasing sponsor demands for accountability. UNRWA has stated on multiple occasions that the head of this initiative, <a href="/wiki/David_Bedein" title="David Bedein">David Bedein</a>, fabricates the information he publishes.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EU_conditions_funding_2021">EU conditions funding 2021</h3></div> In September 2021, the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>'s Budgetary Control Committee approved withholding 20 million Euros in aid to UNRWA if immediate changes to UNRWA's education curriculum are not made. According to the resolution, the Parliament "is concerned about the hate speech and violence taught in Palestinian school textbooks and used in schools by UNRWA... [and] insists that UNRWA acts in full transparency... to ensure that content adheres to UN values and does not encourage hatred."<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a> Funding for UNRWA was reinstated by the EU on March 1, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3></div> In 2024, the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Switzerland)" title="National Council (Switzerland)">Swiss National Council</a> voted to cut finding to UNWRA, citing concerns of antisemitism and connections to terrorism; the legislation will need to pass <a href="/wiki/Council_of_States_(Switzerland)" title="Council of States (Switzerland)">Council of States</a> to go into effect.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relations_with_Israel">Relations with Israel</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/UNRWA_and_Israel" title="UNRWA and Israel">UNRWA and Israel</a></div>After Israel captured the West Bank and Gaza in the June 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, it requested that the UNRWA continue its operations there, which it would facilitate.<a href="#cite_note-meforum.org-182">[178]</a> Since then the relationship has been characterized by <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">two-state</a> advocate Baruch Spiegel, as "an uneasy marriage of convenience between two unlikely bedfellows that have helped perpetuate the problem both have allegedly sought to resolve."<a href="#cite_note-meforum.org-182">[178]</a> Immediately following the Six-Day War, on 14 June UNRWA Commissioner-General Dr. <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Michelmore" title="Laurence Michelmore">Laurence Michelmore</a> and Political Advisor to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Israeli Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Comay" title="Michael Comay">Michael Comay</a> exchanged letters that has since served as much of the basis for the relationship between Israel and UNRWA.<a href="#cite_note-Israel_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs-183">[179]</a> Commonly referred to the Comay-Michelmore Exchange of Letters,<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> the initial letter from Michelmore reiterates a verbal conversation between the two, stating that: <blockquote>at the request of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Cabinet of Israel">Israel Government</a>, UNRWA would continue its assistance to the Palestine refugees, with the full co-operation of the Israel authorities, in the West Bank and Gaza Strip areas. For its part, the Israel Government will facilitate the task of UNRWA to the best of its ability, subject only to regulations or arrangements which may be necessitated by considerations of military security.<a href="#cite_note-Israel_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs-183">[179]</a> </blockquote> In his responding letter, Comay wrote:<a href="#cite_note-Israel_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs-183">[179]</a> <blockquote>I agree that your letter and this reply constitute a provisional agreement between UNRWA and the Government of Israel, to remain in force until replaced or cancelled.</blockquote> UNRWA has been criticised by the Israeli government and politicians for alleged involvement with <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian militant groups</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>. Israeli media organizations have claimed that <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hansen_(UN)" title="Peter Hansen (UN)">Peter Hansen</a>, UNRWA's former Commissioner-General (1996–2005) "consistently adopted a trenchant anti-Israel line" which resulted in biased and exaggerated reports against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> On 28 October 2024, the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> passed legislation that orders it to cease "any activity" in territories claimed by Israel within 90 days.<a href="#cite_note-:7-26">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Near_East_Refugee_Aid" title="American Near East Refugee Aid">American Near East Refugee Aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directors_and_commissioners-general_of_UNRWA" title="List of directors and commissioners-general of UNRWA">List of directors and commissioners-general of UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Children%27s_Relief_Fund" title="Palestine Children's Relief Fund">Palestine Children’s Relief Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Force_Act" title="Taylor Force Act">Taylor Force Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fact_Finding_Mission_on_the_Gaza_Conflict" title="United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict">United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Arabic: وكالة الأمم المتحدة لإغاثة وتشغيل لاجئي فلسطين في الشرق الأدنى, romanized: wikālat al-Umam al-Muttaḥida li-iġāṯa wa-tašġīl lājiʾī Filasṭīn fī š-Šarq al-Adnā. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Arabic: الأونروا, romanized: al-Ūnarwā or al-Ūnurwā. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Unlike UNRWA, UNHCR has a specific mandate to assist refugees in eliminating their refugee status by local integration in the current country, resettlement in a third country or repatriation when possible. See Miller, Elhanan (June 2012). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207232443/http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/1346247918ICSRAtkinPaperSeries_ElhananMiller.pdf">Palestinian Refugees and the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Negotiations</a>" (PDF). International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/1346247918ICSRAtkinPaperSeries_ElhananMiller.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2015. <q>To use a trite image, while UNHCR strives to give its refugees fishing rods, UNRWA is busy distributing fish</q> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> The other agency is the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research</a> (UNIDIR). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUNRWAn.d." class="citation web cs1">UNRWA (n.d.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do">"What We Do"</a>. UNRWA. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217014847/https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=What+We+Do&rft.au=UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhat-we-do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNRWA2020" class="citation web cs1">UNRWA (August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/how-you-can-help/how-we-spend-funds">"HOW WE SPEND FUNDS"</a>. UNRWA. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217092243/https://www.unrwa.org/how-you-can-help/how-we-spend-funds">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=HOW+WE+SPEND+FUNDS&rft.date=2020-08&rft.au=UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fhow-you-can-help%2Fhow-we-spend-funds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowty2012" class="citation cs2">Dowty, Alan (2012), Israel/Palestine, Polity, p. 243, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780745656113" title="Special:BookSources/9780745656113"><bdi>9780745656113</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%2FPalestine&rft.pages=243&rft.pub=Polity&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780745656113&rft.aulast=Dowty&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-figures2-6"><a href="#cite_ref-figures2_6-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/userfiles/2011080123958.pdf">UNRWA in Figures</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210108192828/http://www.unrwa.org/userfiles/2011080123958.pdf">Archived</a> 8 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/2010011995652.pdf">"Consolidated Eligibility and Registration Instructions"</a> (PDF). UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220901034936/https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/2010011995652.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2022. <q>Persons who meet UNRWA's Palestine Refugee criteria These are persons whose regular place of residence was Palestine during the period 1 June 1946 to 15 May 1948, and who lost both home and means of livelihood as a result of the 1948 conflict. Palestine Refugees, and descendants of Palestine refugee males, including legally adopted children, are eligible to register for UNRWA services. The agency accepts new applications from persons who wish to be registered as Palestine Refugees. Once they are registered with UNRWA, persons in this category are referred to as Registered Refugees or as Registered Palestine Refugees.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolidated+Eligibility+and+Registration+Instructions&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2010011995652.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently asked questions"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210040754/https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Frequently+asked+questions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Ffrequently-asked-questions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartolomeusz2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bartolomeusz, Lance (2009). "The mandate of UNRWA at sixty". Refugee Survey Quarterly. 28 (2 & 3): 452–474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frsq%2Fhdp033">10.1093/rsq/hdp033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1020-4067">1020-4067</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Refugee+Survey+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+mandate+of+UNRWA+at+sixty&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2+%26+3&rft.pages=452-474&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Frsq%2Fhdp033&rft.issn=1020-4067&rft.aulast=Bartolomeusz&rft.aufirst=Lance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> UN General Assembly, Annual Report of the Director of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, covering the period 1 July 1951 to 30 June 1952. Seventh Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/2171) 1952. "Late in June, an agreement was concluded with Israel whereby that Government assumed responsibility for the care of the remaining 19,000 refugees in that country as of 1 July 1952." </li> <li id="cite_note-Until_1952_UNRWA_served_Jewish_and_Arab_refugees-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Until_1952_UNRWA_served_Jewish_and_Arab_refugees_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward_Adelman,_Elazar_Barkan2011" class="citation book cs1">Howard Adelman, Elazar Barkan (28 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=80j612aFo_4C&q=UNRWA+%22jewish+refugees%22+1952&pg=PA12">No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation</a>. Columbia University Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15336-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-15336-2"><bdi>978-0-231-15336-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425135840/https://books.google.com/books?id=80j612aFo_4C&q=UNRWA+%22jewish+refugees%22+1952&pg=PA12#v=snippet&q=UNRWA%20%22jewish%20refugees%22%201952&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Return%2C+No+Refuge%3A+Rites+and+Rights+in+Minority+Repatriation&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2011-06-28&rft.isbn=978-0-231-15336-2&rft.au=Howard+Adelman%2C+Elazar+Barkan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D80j612aFo_4C%26q%3DUNRWA%2B%2522jewish%2Brefugees%2522%2B1952%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeaney" class="citation web cs1">Heaney, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-general-assembly-renews-unrwa-mandate-press-release/">"UN General Assembly Renews UNRWA Mandate - Press Release"</a>. Question of Palestine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103170948/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-general-assembly-renews-unrwa-mandate-press-release/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Question+of+Palestine&rft.atitle=UN+General+Assembly+Renews+UNRWA+Mandate+-+Press+Release&rft.aulast=Heaney&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fun-general-assembly-renews-unrwa-mandate-press-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unrwa-working-13"><a href="#cite_ref-unrwa-working_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/careers/working-unrwa">"Working at UNRWA"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230921090305/https://www.unrwa.org/careers/working-unrwa">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Working+at+UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fcareers%2Fworking-unrwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20072,4-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20072,4_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNRWAUNHCR2007">UNRWA & UNHCR 2007</a>, p. 2,4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20073,11-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEUNRWAUNHCR20073,11_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFUNRWAUNHCR2007">UNRWA & UNHCR 2007</a>, p. 3,11: "The vast majority of Palestinian refugees fall under the UNRWA mandate, but there is still a large number living in other countries of the region, such as the Gulf States, Egypt, Iraq or Yemen, or further afield in Australia, Europe and America." </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRefugees" class="citation web cs1">Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home">"UNHCR - The UN Refugee Agency"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220912041242/https://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNHCR+-+The+UN+Refugee+Agency&rft.aulast=Refugees&rft.aufirst=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftexis%2Fvtx%2Fhome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-18"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurke2024" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Jason (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/26/unrwa-investigation-staff-7-october-attack-israel">"UN agency investigates staff suspected of role in 7 October attack on Israel"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126215919/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/jan/26/unrwa-investigation-staff-7-october-attack-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+agency+investigates+staff+suspected+of+role+in+7+October+attack+on+Israel&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fjan%2F26%2Funrwa-investigation-staff-7-october-attack-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-19"><a href="#cite_ref-:13_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalamaLuhnow2024" class="citation news cs1">Salama, Vivian; Luhnow, David (26 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-s-halts-funding-for-u-n-agency-amid-claims-staff-took-part-in-oct-7-attacks-3247918b">"U.S. Halts Funding for U.N. Agency Amid Claims Staff Took Part in Oct. 7 Attacks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240127001139/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/u-s-halts-funding-for-u-n-agency-amid-claims-staff-took-part-in-oct-7-attacks-3247918b">Archived</a> from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=U.S.+Halts+Funding+for+U.N.+Agency+Amid+Claims+Staff+Took+Part+in+Oct.+7+Attacks&rft.date=2024-01-26&rft.aulast=Salama&rft.aufirst=Vivian&rft.au=Luhnow%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fu-s-halts-funding-for-u-n-agency-amid-claims-staff-took-part-in-oct-7-attacks-3247918b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/serious-allegations-against-unrwa-staff-gaza-strip">"Serious allegations against UNRWA staff in the Gaza Strip: Statement by Philippe Lazzarini, UNRWA Commissioner-General"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+face+of+U.S.+opposition%2C+U.N.+renews+agency+helping+Palestinian+refugees&rft.date=2019-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-un-palestinians-refugees%2Fin-face-of-u-s-opposition-u-n-renews-agency-helping-palestinian-refugees-idUSKBN1YH1XW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions">"Frequently asked questions"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230210040754/https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/frequently-asked-questions">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2023. 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Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=LENI+STENSETH+APPOINTED+DEPUTY+COMMISSIONER-GENERAL+OF+THE+UNITED+NATIONS+RELIEF+AND+WORKS+AGENCY+FOR+PALESTINE+REFUGEES+IN+THE+NEAR+EAST&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2Fleni-stenseth-appointed-deputy-commissioner-general-united-nations-relief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811175024/http://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/uif-june04.pdf">"UNRWA in Figures"</a> (PDF). 11 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/unrwa/publications/pdf/uif-june04.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 August 2009. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNRWA+in+Figures&rft.date=2009-08-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funrwa%2Fpublications%2Fpdf%2Fuif-june04.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/user/login">"Please Login UNRWA"</a>. www.unrwa.org. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140813014158/https://www.unrwa.org/user/login">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unrwa.org&rft.atitle=Please+Login+UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fuser%2Flogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518084650/http://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/302%20%28IV%29.pdf">"Assistance to Palestine refugees"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/302%20%28IV%29.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 10 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assistance+to+Palestine+refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F302%2520%2528IV%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unrwa.org-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-unrwa.org_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-unrwa.org_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/overview_of_members_and_observers_of_the_advisory_commission_-_january_2020.pdf">"Members of the Advisory Commission – UNRWA"</a> (PDF).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Members+of+the+Advisory+Commission+%E2%80%93+UNRWA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Foverview_of_members_and_observers_of_the_advisory_commission_-_january_2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission/officers">"Officers of the Advisory Commission"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805163552/https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission/officers">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Officers+of+the+Advisory+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fadvisory-commission%2Fofficers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission">"Advisory Commission"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817184413/https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Advisory+Commission&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fadvisory-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission/field-visits">"Field Visits"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805165658/https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are/advisory-commission/field-visits">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 17 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Field+Visits&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Fadvisory-commission%2Ffield-visits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees">"Palestine Refugees"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210514193835/https://www.unrwa.org/palestine-refugees">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestine+Refugees&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fpalestine-refugees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhoWeAre2-49"><a href="#cite_ref-WhoWeAre2_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are">"Who We Are - UNRWA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">UNRWA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920022714/http://www.unrwa.org/who-we-are">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2013. Retrieved 8 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+We+Are+-+UNRWA&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwho-we-are&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/donor_resource">"Donor Resource"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814003513/https://www.unrwa.org/donor_resource">Archived</a> from the original on 14 August 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Donor+Resource&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fdonor_resource&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNRWA" class="citation web cs1">UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=87#funding">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130906121016/http://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=87#funding">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.au=UNRWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fetemplate.php%3Fid%3D87%23funding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unrwa22-52"><a href="#cite_ref-unrwa22_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulbul2014" class="citation web cs1">Bulbul, Sadallah (19 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/top_20_donors_overall.pdf">"TOP 20 DONORS TO UNRWA IN 2013"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806115607/http://www.unrwa.org/sites/default/files/Top_20_donors_overall.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 August 2016. 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Retrieved 15 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Palestinian+kids+taught+to+hate+Israel+in+UN-funded+camps%2C+clip+shows&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Lazar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fpalestinian-kids-taught-to-hate-israel-in-un-funded-camps-clip-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_54-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/our-partners/government-partners">"Government Partners"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200918105903/https://www.unrwa.org/our-partners/government-partners">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Government+Partners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Four-partners%2Fgovernment-partners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUNRWA" class="citation web cs1">UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=246">"Financial updates"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111013034753/http://unrwa.org/etemplate.php?id=246">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2011. 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Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Private+Partners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Four-partners%2Fprivate-partners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/statement-unrwa-commissioner-general-virtual-advisory-commission">"Statement of UNRWA Commissioner-General to the Virtual Advisory Commission"</a>. UNRWA. 1 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200813084439/https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/statement-unrwa-commissioner-general-virtual-advisory-commission">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Statement+of+UNRWA+Commissioner-General+to+the+Virtual+Advisory+Commission&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fofficial-statements%2Fstatement-unrwa-commissioner-general-virtual-advisory-commission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ahram2-58"><a href="#cite_ref-ahram2_58-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327011540/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/942/re63.htm">"'Sounds worrying'"</a>. Al-Ahram Weekly. 9 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2009/942/re63.htm">the original</a> on 27 March 2013. 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Retrieved 14 August 2014 – via Relief Web.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Employees+of+UN+agency+for+Palestinian+refugees+on+strike&rft.pub=AFP&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Foccupied-palestinian-territory%2Femployees-un-agency-palestinian-refugees-strike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-UScuts2-60"><a href="#cite_ref-UScuts2_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeYoungEglash2018" class="citation news cs1">DeYoung, Karen; Eglash, Ruth (31 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/us-aid-cuts-wont-end-the-right-of-return-palestinians-say/2018/08/31/8e3f25b4-ad0c-11e8-8a0c-70b618c98d3c_story.html">"U.S. ends aid to United Nations agency supporting Palestinian refugees"</a>. Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902021405/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/us-aid-cuts-wont-end-the-right-of-return-palestinians-say/2018/08/31/8e3f25b4-ad0c-11e8-8a0c-70b618c98d3c_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+ends+aid+to+United+Nations+agency+supporting+Palestinian+refugees&rft.date=2018-08-31&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=DeYoung&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Eglash%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fus-aid-cuts-wont-end-the-right-of-return-palestinians-say%2F2018%2F08%2F31%2F8e3f25b4-ad0c-11e8-8a0c-70b618c98d3c_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20190129-un-agency-eyes-12-bn-budget-palestinians-despite-us-cuts">"UN agency eyes $1.2 bn budget for Palestinians despite US cuts"</a>. France24. 29 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423143937/https://www.france24.com/en/20190129-un-agency-eyes-12-bn-budget-palestinians-despite-us-cuts">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+agency+eyes+%241.2+bn+budget+for+Palestinians+despite+US+cuts&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20190129-un-agency-eyes-12-bn-budget-palestinians-despite-us-cuts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-62"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/netherlands-switzerland-suspend-unrwa-funding-ethics-report-190731074050968.html">"Netherlands, Switzerland suspend UNRWA funding over ethics report"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200917062916/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/07/netherlands-switzerland-suspend-unrwa-funding-ethics-report-190731074050968.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Netherlands%2C+Switzerland+suspend+UNRWA+funding+over+ethics+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F07%2Fnetherlands-switzerland-suspend-unrwa-funding-ethics-report-190731074050968.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/netherlands-resumes-funding-unrwa-despite-alleged-abuses-610552">"Netherlands resumes funding UNRWA despite alleged abuses"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 11 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521045132/https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/netherlands-resumes-funding-unrwa-despite-alleged-abuses-610552">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Netherlands+resumes+funding+UNRWA+despite+alleged+abuses&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fnetherlands-resumes-funding-unrwa-despite-alleged-abuses-610552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/eu-and-germany-pledge-additional-funding-to-unrwa-610880">"EU and Germany pledge additional funding to UNRWA"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 14 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927031855/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/EU-and-Germany-pledge-additional-funding-to-UNRWA-610880">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+JPost.com&rft.atitle=EU+and+Germany+pledge+additional+funding+to+UNRWA&rft.date=2019-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Feu-and-germany-pledge-additional-funding-to-unrwa-610880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/qatar-donates-further-207-million-to-palestinians-in-syria-611058">"Qatar donates further $20.7 million to Palestinians in Syria"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 16 December 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200927043757/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Qatar-donates-further-207-million-to-Palestinians-in-Syria-611058">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+JPost.com&rft.atitle=Qatar+donates+further+%2420.7+million+to+Palestinians+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fqatar-donates-further-207-million-to-palestinians-in-syria-611058&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/communiqu%C3%A9-ministerial-strategic-dialogue-unrwa">"Communiqué Ministerial Strategic Dialogue on UNRWA"</a>. UNRWA. 12 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423144828/https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/official-statements/communiqu%25C3%25A9-ministerial-strategic-dialogue-unrwa">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Communiqu%C3%A9+Ministerial+Strategic+Dialogue+on+UNRWA&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft.date=2019-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fofficial-statements%2Fcommuniqu%25C3%25A9-ministerial-strategic-dialogue-unrwa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/pga/74/2019/09/26/ministerial-meeting-on-unrwa/">"MINISTERIAL MEETING ON UNRWA"</a>. UN. 26 September 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191104182938/https://www.un.org/pga/74/2019/09/26/ministerial-meeting-on-unrwa/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 1 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN&rft.atitle=MINISTERIAL+MEETING+ON+UNRWA&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpga%2F74%2F2019%2F09%2F26%2Fministerial-meeting-on-unrwa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bank3-68"><a href="#cite_ref-bank3_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085719/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ODAT.PC.ZS/countries/1W-PS-CF-ET-CI-AF?display=graph">"Net official development assistance (ODA) per capita for countries receiving over $2 billion in 2012, latest World Bank figures published in 2014"</a>. World Bank. 15 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ODAT.PC.ZS/countries/1W-PS-CF-ET-CI-AF?display=graph">the original</a> on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Net+official+development+assistance+%28ODA%29+per+capita+for+countries+receiving+over+%242+billion+in+2012%2C+latest+World+Bank+figures+published+in+2014&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FDT.ODA.ODAT.PC.ZS%2Fcountries%2F1W-PS-CF-ET-CI-AF%3Fdisplay%3Dgraph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bank22-69"><a href="#cite_ref-bank22_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810055226/http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/6.11">"World Development Indicators: Aid dependency Table of all countries"</a>. World Bank. 15 August 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/6.11">the original</a> on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=World+Development+Indicators%3A+Aid+dependency+Table+of+all+countries&rft.date=2014-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwdi.worldbank.org%2Ftable%2F6.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/how-you-can-help/how-we-spend-funds">"How We Spend Funds"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217092243/https://www.unrwa.org/how-you-can-help/how-we-spend-funds">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=How+We+Spend+Funds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fhow-you-can-help%2Fhow-we-spend-funds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_71-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education">"Education"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805170547/https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Education&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Feducation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education">From UNRWAs page and sub-pages about its educational programmes and sub-pages </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140902043535/http://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education">Archived</a> 2 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/knowledge-and-skills">Within the pages on education programmes, UNRWA tells about special knowledge and skills</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140719215937/http://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/knowledge-and-skills">Archived</a> 19 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/content/gender-equity">"gender equity"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225102653/https://www.unrwa.org/content/gender-equity">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=gender+equity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fcontent%2Fgender-equity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education-emergencies">"Education in emergencies"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200728165846/https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/education-emergencies">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Education+in+emergencies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Feducation-emergencies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/relief-social-services">"Relief & Social Services"</a>. UNRWA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414205940/https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/relief-social-services">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 8 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNRWA&rft.atitle=Relief+%26+Social+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Frelief-social-services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/health">From UNRWAs page and sub-pages about health services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140901133851/http://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/health">Archived</a> 1 September 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; no update date shown, accessed 2014-08-25 </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/microfinance">"What we do - Microfinance"</a>. UNRWA - united nations relied and works agency for palestine refugees in the near east. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231010235409/https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/microfinance">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2023. 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Retrieved 29 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+University+Institute%2C+Robert+Schuman+Centre+for+Advanced+Studies%2C+CARIM+Research+Reports+2009%2F08&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Refugees+in+Arab+States%3A+A+Rights-Based+Approach.%22+Asem+Khalil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcadmus.eui.eu%2Fhandle%2F1814%2F10792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180310/http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cmrs/reports/documents/khalil.pdf">"Socioeconomic Rights of Refugees: The Case of Palestinian Refugees in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria." Asem Khalil"</a> (PDF). 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Encyclopedia of the Palestinians, Revised Edition. New York: Facts on File, Inc"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903150033/http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=EPAL316&DataType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014. 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By Nathan J. Brown, 1 January 2002. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051016221049/http://www.ipcri.org/files/4%269report.pdf">"Analysis and Evaluation of the New Palestinian Curriculum; Reviewing Palestinian Textbooks and Tolerance Education Program Grades 4 & 9"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipcri.org/files/4&9report.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 October 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Analysis+and+Evaluation+of+the+New+Palestinian+Curriculum%3B+Reviewing+Palestinian+Textbooks+and+Tolerance+Education+Program+Grades+4+%26+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipcri.org%2Ffiles%2F4%269report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100315154816/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/nea/136070.htm">"Israel and the occupied territories"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2009/nea/136070.htm">the original</a> on 15 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+occupied+territories&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fg%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Fhrrpt%2F2009%2Fnea%2F136070.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crihl.org/content/israeli-palestinian-schoolbook-project">Israeli-Palestinian schoolbook Project</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204092622/http://www.crihl.org/content/israeli-palestinian-schoolbook-project">Archived</a> 4 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Council of the Religious Institutions of the Holy Land, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ziri-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ziri_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ziri_126-1">b</a> Danielle Ziri, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=302102">"Textbooks show both sides to blame for enmity"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130304221219/http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=302102">Archived</a> 4 March 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, 4 February 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ackerman-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Ackerman_127-0">^</a> Gwen Ackerman <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-04/israeli-palestinian-textbooks-reflect-narratives-of-conflict.html">'Israeli, Palestinian Textbooks Reflect Narratives of Conflict,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001206/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-04/israeli-palestinian-textbooks-reflect-narratives-of-conflict.html">Archived</a> 2 May 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg com</a>, 4 February. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sanders-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sanders_128-1">b</a> Edmund Sanders, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-israeli-palestinian-textbooks-unbalanced-20130204,0,3549890.story">'Israeli and Palestinian textbooks fail balance test, study finds,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130227112539/http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-israeli-palestinian-textbooks-unbalanced-20130204,0,3549890.story">Archived</a> 27 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, 4 February 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.org/what-we-do/human-rights-education">"What we do: Human Rights Education"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+we+do%3A+Human+Rights+Education&rft.pub=UNRWA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unrwa.org%2Fwhat-we-do%2Fhuman-rights-education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-130"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2023-12-12/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-unrwa-became-the-second-most-important-organization-in-gaza/0000018c-5deb-d798-adac-fdefaf450000">"How UNRWA Became the Second-most Influential Organization in Gaza After Hamas"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231214092351/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2023-12-12/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-unrwa-became-the-second-most-important-organization-in-gaza/0000018c-5deb-d798-adac-fdefaf450000">Archived</a> from the original on 14 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=How+UNRWA+Became+the+Second-most+Influential+Organization+in+Gaza+After+Hamas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F2023-12-12%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fhow-unrwa-became-the-second-most-important-organization-in-gaza%2F0000018c-5deb-d798-adac-fdefaf450000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us13.campaign-archive.com/?u=cda888712516195d04c9534ec&id=9e510e8a3e">"UNRWA Chief Challenged by EU Parliament on PA Textbooks, acknowledges antisemitism, glorification of terrorism"</a>. us13.campaign-archive.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231212222631/https://us13.campaign-archive.com/?u=cda888712516195d04c9534ec&id=9e510e8a3e">Archived</a> from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=us13.campaign-archive.com&rft.atitle=UNRWA+Chief+Challenged+by+EU+Parliament+on+PA+Textbooks%2C+acknowledges+antisemitism%2C+glorification+of+terrorism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus13.campaign-archive.com%2F%3Fu%3Dcda888712516195d04c9534ec%26id%3D9e510e8a3e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-magramo-132"><a href="#cite_ref-magramo_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagramoEdwardsSangal2024" class="citation news cs1">Magramo, Kathleen; Edwards, Christian; Sangal, Aditi (22 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-04-22-24/h_04e164891070a0708f16b13ac2285323">"UNRWA neutrality must be strengthened, independent review finds"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240424115416/https://edition.cnn.com/middleeast/live-news/israel-hamas-war-gaza-news-04-22-24/h_04e164891070a0708f16b13ac2285323">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UNRWA+neutrality+must+be+strengthened%2C+independent+review+finds&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft.aulast=Magramo&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.au=Edwards%2C+Christian&rft.au=Sangal%2C+Aditi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fmiddleeast%2Flive-news%2Fisrael-hamas-war-gaza-news-04-22-24%2Fh_04e164891070a0708f16b13ac2285323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorger2024" class="citation news cs1">Borger, Julian (22 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/22/israel-unrwa-staff-terrorist-links-yet-to-provide-evidence-colonna-report">"Israel has yet to provide evidence of Unrwa staff terrorist links, Colonna report says"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240422141150/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/apr/22/israel-unrwa-staff-terrorist-links-yet-to-provide-evidence-colonna-report">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+has+yet+to+provide+evidence+of+Unrwa+staff+terrorist+links%2C+Colonna+report+says&rft.date=2024-04-22&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fapr%2F22%2Fisrael-unrwa-staff-terrorist-links-yet-to-provide-evidence-colonna-report&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819094747/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/hamas-gaza-tension-unrwa.html#ixzz3AYAQUIx9">"Hamas Gaza Tension UNRWA"</a>. al-monitor.com. 9 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/04/hamas-gaza-tension-unrwa.html#ixzz3AYAQUIx9">the original</a> on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+Gaza+Tension+UNRWA&rft.pub=al-monitor.com&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2013%2F04%2Fhamas-gaza-tension-unrwa.html%23ixzz3AYAQUIx9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-135">^ <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_135-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_135-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherwood2014" class="citation news cs1">Sherwood, Harriet (4 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/un-dragged-conflict-israel-hamas-gaza">"UN dragged into conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240119111823/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/04/un-dragged-conflict-israel-hamas-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+dragged+into+conflict+between+Israel+and+Hamas+in+Gaza&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Sherwood&rft.aufirst=Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Faug%2F04%2Fun-dragged-conflict-israel-hamas-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canada-looking-at-un-agency-over-palestinian-connection-1.506576">"Canada looking at UN agency over Palestinian connection"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909005430/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canada-looking-at-un-agency-over-palestinian-connection-1.506576">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canada+looking+at+UN+agency+over+Palestinian+connection&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fcanada-looking-at-un-agency-over-palestinian-connection-1.506576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevittRoss2007" class="citation book cs1">Levitt, Matthew; Ross, Dennis (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CG-AjU3rraQC&pg=PA95">Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad</a>. Yale University Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780300122589" title="Special:BookSources/9780300122589"><bdi>9780300122589</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425133121/https://books.google.com/books?id=CG-AjU3rraQC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2024. 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Retrieved 8 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=EU+to+condition+UNRWA+funds+on+removing+incitement+from+PA+textbooks&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.au=TPS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticle%2Fbjfo11fbvf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUNRWA" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/news/commission-will-proceed-paying-eur-50-million-unrwa-and-increase-emergency-support-palestinians-eur-2024-03-01_en">"Commission will proceed to paying EUR 50 million to UNRWA and increase emergency support to Palestinians by EUR 68 million in 2024 - European Commission"</a>. neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu. 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:UNRWA" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:UNRWA">UNRWA</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unrwa.org">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> (in English and Arabic)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/unrwa">UNRWA</a> on <a href="/wiki/Facebook_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Facebook (identifier)">Facebook</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#P2013" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://x.com/unrwa">UNRWA</a> on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#P2002" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/@unrwa">UNRWA's channel</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_handle_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube handle (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060529233649/http://unrwa.un.org.sy">UNRWA in Syria</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2006-05-29)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwausa.org">UNRWA USA National Committee</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unrwa.es">UNRWA Spanish Committee</a> (in Spanish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040622201700/http://www.arts.mcgill.ca/mepp/prrn/prdocs.html">Collection of relevant documents</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2004-06-22)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040724093342/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d04276r.pdf">United States GAO report on UNRWA (PDF)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2004-07-24)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814193807/http://www.refugees.org/article.aspx?id=1109&rid=1179">US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants' Campaign to End Refugee Warehousing</a> in refugee camps around the world, people are confined to their settlement and denied their basic rights.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/18/international/middleeast/18gaza.html?8bl">Israel Feuds With Agency Set Up to Aid Palestinians</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 18 October 2004)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212142219/http://washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php">Fixing UNRWA: Repairing the UN's Troubled System of Aid to Palestinian Refugees (By James G. Lindsay, Washington Institute for Near East Policy: January 2009)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2009-02-12)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_Nations" title="Template:United Nations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_Nations" title="Template talk:United Nations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_Nations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United Nations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_Nations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amina_J._Mohammed" title="Amina J. Mohammed">Amina J. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Francis_(diplomat)" title="Dennis Francis (diplomat)"> Dennis Francis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System" title="United Nations System">UN System</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_the_United_Nations" title="Charter of the United Nations">Charter</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preamble_to_the_United_Nations_Charter" title="Preamble to the United Nations Charter">Preamble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal organs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">selections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations">Deputy Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Under-Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations">Under-Secretary-General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice" title="Statute of the International Court of Justice">Statute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_elections" title="United Nations Security Council elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="List of members of the United Nations Security Council">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Presidency of the United Nations Security Council">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Reform of the United Nations Security Council">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_veto_power" title="United Nations Security Council veto power">Veto power</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="United Nations Economic and Social Council">Economic and Social Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Economic_and_Social_Council" title="President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Trusteeship_Council" title="United Nations Trusteeship Council">Trusteeship Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System#Funds_and_programmes,_research_and_training_institutes,_and_other_bodies" title="United Nations System">Funds, programmes, and other bodies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Peace" title="Culture of Peace">Culture of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" title="Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change">IPCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Centre" title="International Trade Centre">ITC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_for_the_Referendum_in_Western_Sahara" title="United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara">MINURSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">OHCHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Court_for_Sierra_Leone" title="Special Court for Sierra Leone">SCSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV/AIDS" title="Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS">UNAIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Capital_Development_Fund" title="United Nations Capital Development Fund">UNCDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_International_Trade_Law" title="United Nations Commission on International Trade Law">UNCITRAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Trade_and_Development" title="UN Trade and Development">UNCTAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Global_Communications" title="United Nations Department of Global Communications">UNDGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">UNDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">UNDPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">UNEP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNEP_OzonAction" title="UNEP OzonAction">OzonAction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRID-Arendal" title="GRID-Arendal">UNEP/GRID-Arendal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Conservation_Monitoring_Centre" title="World Conservation Monitoring Centre">UNEP-WCMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Population_Fund" title="United Nations Population Fund">UNFPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Settlements_Programme" title="United Nations Human Settlements Programme">UN-HABITAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interregional_Crime_and_Justice_Research_Institute" title="United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute">UNICRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Disarmament_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research">UNIDIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Institute_for_Training_and_Research" title="United Nations Institute for Training and Research">UNITAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations-Oceans" title="United Nations-Oceans">UN-Oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">UNODC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Project_Services" title="United Nations Office for Project Services">UNOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNOSAT" title="UNOSAT">UNOSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Research_Institute_for_Social_Development" title="United Nations Research Institute for Social Development">UNRISD</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UNRWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Sustainable_Development_Group" title="United Nations Sustainable Development Group">UNSDG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_System_Staff_College" title="United Nations System Staff College">UNSSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">UNU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">UNU-CRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNU-OP" title="UNU-OP">UNU-OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Volunteers" title="United Nations Volunteers">UNV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Women" title="UN Women">UN Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Food_Programme" title="World Food Programme">WFP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_specialized_agencies_of_the_United_Nations" title="List of specialized agencies of the United Nations">Specialized agencies</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization" title="Food and Agriculture Organization">FAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">ICAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Fund_for_Agricultural_Development" title="International Fund for Agricultural Development">IFAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Labour_Organization" title="International Labour Organization">ILO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Maritime_Organization" title="International Maritime Organization">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">IOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">ITU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Tourism" title="UN Tourism">UN Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Industrial_Development_Organization" title="United Nations Industrial Development Organization">UNIDO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">UPU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Engineering_Organizations" title="World Federation of Engineering Organizations">WFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">WIPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">WMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="International Bank for Reconstruction and Development">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Development_Association" title="International Development Association">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat" title="United Nations Secretariat">Secretariat offices and departments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">Headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Conference Building">Conference Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Building" title="United Nations General Assembly Building">General Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Secretariat_Building" title="United Nations Secretariat Building">Secretariat Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Peace_Operations" title="United Nations Department of Peace Operations">Department of Peace Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Political_and_Peacebuilding_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs">Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dag_Hammarskj%C3%B6ld_Library" title="Dag Hammarskjöld Library">Dag Hammarskjöld Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_for_Safety_and_Security" title="United Nations Department for Safety and Security">Department for Safety and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Division_for_Palestinian_Rights" title="United Nations Division for Palestinian Rights">Division for Palestinian Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Geneva" title="United Nations Office at Geneva">Office at Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Nations" title="Palace of Nations">Palace of Nations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Nairobi" title="United Nations Office at Nairobi">Office at Nairobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_at_Vienna" title="United Nations Office at Vienna">Office at Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs">Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Outer_Space_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs">Office for Outer Space Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_Partnerships" title="United Nations Office for Partnerships">Office for Partnerships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Internal_Oversight_Services" title="United Nations Office of Internal Oversight Services">Office of Internal Oversight Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_Legal_Affairs" title="United Nations Office of Legal Affairs">Office of Legal Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_of_the_High_Representative_for_the_Least_Developed_Countries,_Landlocked_Developing_Countries_and_Small_Island_Developing_States" title="United Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States">Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Secretary-General%27s_Envoy_on_Youth" title="Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth">Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Special_Representative_of_the_Secretary-General_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" title="Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict">Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Spokesperson_for_the_Secretary-General" title="Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General">Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Sport_for_Development_and_Peace" title="United Nations Office on Sport for Development and Peace">Office on Sport for Development and Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_organizations_by_location" title="List of United Nations organizations by location">UN organizations by location</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations" title="Member states of the United Nations">Members and observers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations#1940s" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Founding members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_United_Nations#Current_members" title="Member states of the United Nations">Full members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">Security Council Permanent members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent representative to the United Nations">Permanent representatives to the UN</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_permanent_representatives_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of current permanent representatives to the United Nations">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_observers" title="United Nations General Assembly observers">General Assembly Observers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_and_the_United_Nations" title="European Union and the United Nations">European Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Nations" title="History of the United Nations">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preceding years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telegraph Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Postal_Union" title="Universal Postal Union">Universal Postal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hague_Conventions_of_1899_and_1907" title="Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907">Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Court_of_Arbitration" title="Permanent Court of Arbitration">Permanent Court of Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Office_of_Public_Hygiene" title="International Office of Public Hygiene">International Office of Public Hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_archives" title="League of Nations archives">archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Covenant of the League of Nations">covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Organisation of the League of Nations">organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_League_of_Nations" title="Member states of the League of Nations">member states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory years</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_St_James%27s_Palace" title="Declaration of St James's Palace">Declaration of St James's Palace</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Charter" title="Atlantic Charter">Atlantic Charter</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_by_United_Nations" title="Declaration by United Nations">Declaration by United Nations</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conference_(1943)" title="Moscow Conference (1943)">Moscow Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_Conference" title="Bretton Woods Conference">Bretton Woods Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dumbarton_Oaks_Conference" title="Dumbarton Oaks Conference">Dumbarton Oaks Conference</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yalta_Conference" title="Yalta Conference">Yalta Conference</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Conference_on_International_Organization" title="United Nations Conference on International Organization">Conference on International Organization</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_Convention" title="Genocide Convention">Genocide Convention</a> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_United_Nations" title="Enlargement of the United Nations">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="History of United Nations peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="List of United Nations peacekeeping missions">missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions" title="Timeline of United Nations peacekeeping missions">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_territories_governed_by_the_United_Nations" title="List of territories governed by the United Nations">governed territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">UNPOL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drafting_of_the_Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights">drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Day" title="Human Rights Day">Human Rights Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Convention" title="World Heritage Convention">World Heritage Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Committee_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Committee on the Rights of the Child">committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goals" title="Sustainable Development Goals">Sustainable Development Goals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">Declaration on the Rights of Peasants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_resolution" title="United Nations resolution">Resolutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vetoed_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions" title="List of vetoed United Nations Security Council resolutions">Security Council vetoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution" title="United Nations General Assembly resolution">General Assembly</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-sixth_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-sixth session of the United Nations General Assembly">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_resolutions_at_the_sixty-seventh_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="List of resolutions at the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly">67th</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_resolution" title="United Nations Security Council resolution">Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Cyprus" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iran" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Iraq" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_relating_to_Lebanon" title="List of United Nations resolutions relating to Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_North_Korea" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Syria" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Western_Sahara" title="List of United Nations resolutions concerning Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_concerning_Yemen" title="List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_secretary-general_selection" title="United Nations secretary-general selection">Secretary-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2021 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="2016 United Nations Secretary-General selection">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li>International Court of Justice <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2023 International Court of Justice judges election">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2022 International Court of Justice judges election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2021 International Court of Justice judges election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2020 International Court of Justice judges election">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2017 International Court of Justice judges election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2014 International Court of Justice judges election">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_International_Court_of_Justice_judges_election" title="2011 International Court of Justice judges election">2011</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_General_Assembly_presidential_election" title="2016 United Nations General Assembly presidential election">General Assembly President (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2016 United Nations Security Council election">Security Council (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_Nations" title="Outline of the United Nations">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Advisory_Committee_of_Local_Authorities" title="United Nations Advisory Committee of Local Authorities">Advisory Committee of Local Authorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Art_Collection" title="United Nations Art Collection">Art Collection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_mural" title="United Nations Security Council mural">Security Council mural</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_by_Block_(program)" title="Block by Block (program)">Block By Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Woods_system" title="Bretton Woods system">Bretton Woods system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_Sphere_Woodrow_Wilson_Memorial" title="Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial">Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Committee_of_International_Staff_Unions_and_Associations_of_the_United_Nations_System" title="Coordinating Committee of International Staff Unions and Associations of the United Nations System">CCISUA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty" title="Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_Nations" title="Criticism of the United Nations">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivering_as_One" title="Delivering as One">Delivering as One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Drug control treaties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_Nations" title="Expulsion from the United Nations">Expulsion from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ex_Tempore_(magazine)" title="Ex Tempore (magazine)">Ex Tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Federal_Credit_Union" title="United Nations Federal Credit Union">Federal Credit Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_International_Civil_Servants%27_Associations" title="Federation of International Civil Servants' Associations">FICSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Nations" title="Flag of the United Nations">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Honour_Flag" title="United Nations Honour Flag">Honour Flag</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Nations_Initiative" title="Four Nations Initiative">Four Nations Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Global_Compact" title="United Nations Global Compact">Global Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights" title="International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_for_the_Total_Elimination_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons">International Day for the Total Elimination of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_Peace" title="International Day of Peace">International Day of Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Decade_for_a_Culture_of_Peace_and_Non-Violence_for_the_Children_of_the_World" title="International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World">International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School" title="United Nations International School">International School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_International_School_of_Hanoi" title="United Nations International School of Hanoi">Hanoi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interpretation_Service" title="United Nations Interpretation Service">Interpretation Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer" title="United Nations laissez-passer">laissez-passer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Memorial_Cemetery" title="United Nations Memorial Cemetery">Memorial Cemetery Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Staff_Committee" title="Military Staff Committee">Military Staff Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Millennium_Declaration" title="United Nations Millennium Declaration">Millennium Declaration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Summit" title="Millennium Summit">Millennium Summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_United_Nations" title="Official languages of the United Nations">Official languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Prohibition_of_Chemical_Weapons" title="Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons">Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Postal_Administration" title="United Nations Postal Administration">Postal Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche_Park" title="Ralph Bunche Park">Ralph Bunche Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_United_Nations" title="Reform of the United Nations">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDG_Publishers_Compact" title="SDG Publishers Compact">SDG Publishers Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Administration_of_Juvenile_Justice" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice">Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Minimum_Rules_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners" title="Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners">Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_series#United_Nations" title="Treaty series">Treaty Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Mandate" title="UN Mandate">UN Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Sacco_Ltd" title="UN Sacco Ltd">UN Sacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_Special" title="UN Special">UN Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNICEF_club" title="UNICEF club">UNICEF club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day">United Nations Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_in_popular_culture" title="United Nations in popular culture">United Nations in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Medal" title="United Nations Medal">United Nations Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Prize_in_the_Field_of_Human_Rights" title="United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights">United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Radio" title="United Nations Radio">United Nations Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_television_film_series" title="United Nations television film series">United Nations television film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_for_Peace" title="University for Peace">University for Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Declaration_and_Programme_of_Action" title="Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action">Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_United_Nations" title="Withdrawal from the United Nations">Withdrawal from the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_United_Nations_Associations" title="World Federation of United Nations Associations">World Federation of United Nations Associations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846656#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121731062">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/142614632">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/2038711-8">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81054184">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118660440">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb118660440">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00576004">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36289822">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20030317001&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2003167882&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4575040">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=125385">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/20dgdj3l1r9z7fg">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007269138805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058515324406706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/61396">Museum of Modern Art</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1242469">Trove</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026407582">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNRWA&oldid=1259616785">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=UNRWA&oldid=1259616785</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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