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Pant</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photophysics and rotational dynamics of the fluorescent probe, 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) with cationic surfactant, alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (nTAB) micelle solutions have been investigated (n = 12, 14 and 16). Absorption and emission peaks of the dye have been observed to shift at concentrations around critical micellar concentration (cmc) of nTAB compared to that of bulk solutions suggesting probe is in a lower polar environment. The probe senses changes in polarity (ET (30)) brought about by variation of surfactant chain length concentration and is invariably solubilized in the aqueous interface or palisade layer. The order of change in polarity observed was DTAB > CTAB > TTAB. The binding constant study shows that the probe binds strongest with TTAB (is of the order TTAB > CTAB > DTAB) due to deeper penetration into the micelle. The anisotropy decay for the probe in all the nTAB micelles studied have been rationalized based on a two-step model consisting of fast-restricted rotation of the probe and slow lateral diffusion of the probe in the micelle that is coupled to the overall rotation of the micelle. Fluorescence lifetime measurements of probe in the cationic micelles demonstrate the close proximity of the 6MQ to the Br - counterions. The fluorescence lifetimes of TTAB and DTAB are much shorter than in CTAB. These results indicate that 6MQ resides to a substantial degree in the head group region of the micelles. All the changes observed in the steady state fluorescence, microenvironment, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence anisotropy, and other calculations are in agreement with each other suggesting binding of the cationic surfactant with the neutral dye molecule. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photophysics" title="photophysics">photophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chain%20length" title=" chain length"> chain length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ntaB" title=" ntaB"> ntaB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micelles" title=" micelles"> micelles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39913/photophysics-and-rotational-relaxation-dynamics-of-6-methoxyquinoline-fluorophore-in-cationic-alkyltrimethylammonium-bromide-micelles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">641</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">426</span> Experimental Model of the Behaviour of Bolted Angles Connections with Stiffeners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulkadir%20Cuneyt%20Aydin">Abdulkadir Cuneyt Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahyar%20Maali"> Mahyar Maali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmut%20K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7"> Mahmut Kılıç</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Sa%C4%9F%C4%B1ro%C4%9Flu"> Merve Sağıroğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The moment-rotation curves of semi-rigid connections are the visual expressions of the actual behaviour discovered in beam-to-column connections experiments. This research was to determine the behaviour of the connection using full-scale experiments under statically loaded. The stiffeners which are typically attached to beams web or flanges to control local buckling and to increase shear capacity in a beam web are almost always used in modern designs. They must also provide sufficient moment of inertia to control out of plane deformations. This study was undertaken to analyse the influence of stiffeners in the angles and beams on the behaviour of the beam-to-column joints. In addition, the aim was to provide necessary data to improve the Eurocode 3. The main parameters observed are the evolution of the resistance, the stiffness, the rotation capacity, the ductility of a joint and the Energy Dissipation. Experimental tests show that the plastic flexural resistance and the energy dissipation increased when thickness of stiffener beam, thickness of stiffener angles were increased in the test specimens. And also, while stiffness of joints, the bending moment capacity and the maximum bending moment increased with the increasing thickness of stiffener beam, these values decreased with the increasing thickness of stiffener angles. So, it is observed that the beam stiffener of angles are important in improving resistance moment of beam-to-column semi-rigid joints. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bolted%20angles%20connection" title="bolted angles connection">bolted angles connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-rigid%20joints" title=" semi-rigid joints"> semi-rigid joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility%20of%20a%20joint" title=" ductility of a joint"> ductility of a joint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angles%20and%20beams%20stiffeners" title=" angles and beams stiffeners"> angles and beams stiffeners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54503/experimental-model-of-the-behaviour-of-bolted-angles-connections-with-stiffeners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">425</span> Reduced Tillage and Bio-stimulant Application Can Improve Soil Microbial Enzyme Activity in a Dryland Cropping System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flackson%20Tshuma">Flackson Tshuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Bennett"> James Bennett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pieter%20Andreas%20Swanepoel"> Pieter Andreas Swanepoel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Labuschagne"> Johan Labuschagne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephan%20van%20der%20Westhuizen"> Stephan van der Westhuizen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Rayns"> Francis Rayns</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Amongst other things, tillage and synthetic agrochemicals can be effective methods of seedbed preparation and pest control. Nonetheless, frequent and intensive tillage and excessive application of synthetic agrochemicals, such as herbicides and insecticides, can reduce soil microbial enzyme activity. A decline in soil microbial enzyme activity can negatively affect nutrient cycling and crop productivity. In this study, the effects of four tillage treatments; continuous mouldboard plough; shallow tine-tillage to a depth of about 75 mm; no-tillage; and tillage rotation (involving shallow tine-tillage once every four years in rotation with three years of no-tillage), and two rates of synthetic agrochemicals (standard: with regular application of synthetic agrochemicals; and reduced: fewer synthetic agrochemicals in combination with bio-chemicals/ or bio-stimulants) on soil microbial enzyme activity were investigated between 2018 and 2020 in a typical Mediterranean climate zone in South Africa. Four different bio-stimulants applied contained: Trichoderma asperellum, fulvic acid, silicic acid, and Nereocystis luetkeana extracts, respectively. The study was laid out as a complete randomised block design with four replicated blocks. Each block had 14 plots, and each plot measured 50 m x 6 m. The study aimed to assess the combined impact of tillage practices and reduced rates of synthetic agrochemical application on soil microbial enzyme activity in a dryland cropping system. It was hypothesised that the application of bio-stimulants in combination with minimum soil disturbance will lead to a greater increase in microbial enzyme activity than the effect of applying either in isolation. Six soil cores were randomly and aseptically collected from each plot for microbial enzyme activity analysis from the 0-150 mm layer of a field trial under a dryland crop rotation system in the Swartland region. The activities of four microbial enzymes, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease, were assessed. The enzymes are essential for the cycling of glucose, phosphorus, and nitrogen, respectively. Microbial enzyme activity generally increased with a reduction of both tillage intensity and synthetic agrochemical application. The use of the mouldboard plough led to the least (P<0.05) microbial enzyme activity relative to the reduced tillage treatments, whereas the system with bio-stimulants (reduced synthetic agrochemicals) led to the highest (P<0.05) microbial enzyme activity relative to the standard systems. The application of bio-stimulants in combination with reduced tillage, particularly no-tillage, could be beneficial for enzyme activity in a dryland farming system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-stimulants" title="bio-stimulants">bio-stimulants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20microbial%20enzymes" title=" soil microbial enzymes"> soil microbial enzymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20agrochemicals" title=" synthetic agrochemicals"> synthetic agrochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tillage" title=" tillage"> tillage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172240/reduced-tillage-and-bio-stimulant-application-can-improve-soil-microbial-enzyme-activity-in-a-dryland-cropping-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">424</span> Adjustment of the Whole-Body Center of Mass during Trunk-Flexed Walking across Uneven Ground</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soran%20Aminiaghdam">Soran Aminiaghdam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Rode"> Christian Rode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reinhard%20Blickhan"> Reinhard Blickhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Astrid%20Zech"> Astrid Zech</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite considerable studies on the impact of imposed trunk posture on human walking, less is known about such locomotion while negotiating changes in ground level. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the VBCOM in response to a two-fold expected perturbation, namely alterations in body posture and in ground level. To this end, the kinematic data and ground reaction forces of twelve able participants were collected. We analyzed the vertical position of the body center of mass (VBCOM) from the ground determined by the body segmental analysis method relative to the laboratory coordinate system at touchdown and toe-off instants during walking across uneven ground — characterized by perturbation contact (a 10-cm visible drop) and pre- and post-perturbation contacts — in comparison to unperturbed level contact while maintaining three postures (regular erect, ~30° and ~50° of trunk flexion from the vertical). The VBCOM was normalized to the distance between the greater trochanter marker and the lateral malleoli marker at the instant of TD. Moreover, we calculated the backward rotation during step-down as the difference of the maximum of the trunk angle in the pre-perturbation contact and the minimal trunk angle in the perturbation contact. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs revealed contact-specific effects of posture on the VBCOM at touchdown (F = 5.96, p = 0.00). As indicated by the analysis of simple main effects, during unperturbed level and pre-perturbation contacts, no between-posture differences for the VBCOM at touchdown were found. In the perturbation contact, trunk-flexed gaits showed a significant increase of VBCOM as compared to the pre-perturbation contact. In the post-perturbation contact, the VBCOM demonstrated a significant decrease in all gait postures relative to the preceding corresponding contacts with no between-posture differences. Main effects of posture revealed that the VBCOM at toe-off significantly decreased in trunk-flexed gaits relative to the regular erect gait. For the main effect of contact, the VBCOM at toe-off demonstrated changes across perturbation and post-perturbation contacts as compared to the unperturbed level contact. Furthermore, participants exhibited a backward trunk rotation during step-down possibly to control the angular momentum of their whole body. A more pronounced backward trunk rotation (2- to 3-fold compared with level contacts) in trunk-flexed walking contributed to the observed elevated VBCOM during the step-down which may have facilitated drop negotiation. These results may shed light on the interaction between posture and locomotion in able gait, and specifically on the behavior of the body center of mass during perturbed locomotion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=center%20of%20mass" title="center of mass">center of mass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perturbation" title=" perturbation"> perturbation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title=" posture"> posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uneven%20ground" title=" uneven ground"> uneven ground</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking" title=" walking"> walking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86029/adjustment-of-the-whole-body-center-of-mass-during-trunk-flexed-walking-across-uneven-ground" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">423</span> Raman Scattering Broadband Spectrum Generation in Compact Yb-Doped Fiber Laser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanrong%20Song">Yanrong Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zikai%20Dong"> Zikai Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Runqin%20Xu"> Runqin Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinrong%20Tian"> Jinrong Tian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kexuan%20Li"> Kexuan Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique has become one of the main techniques to achieve mode-locked fiber lasers for its compactness, implementation, and low cost. In this paper, we demonstrate a compact mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser based on NPR technique in the all normal dispersion (ANDi) regime. In the laser cavity, there are no physical filter and polarization controller in laser cavity. Mode-locked pulse train is achieved in ANDi regime based on NPR technique. The fiber birefringence induced filtering effect is the mainly reason for mode-locking. After that, an extra 20 m long single-mode fiber is inserted in two different positions, dissipative soliton operation and noise like pulse operations are achieved correspondingly. The nonlinear effect is obviously enhanced in the noise like pulse regime and broadband spectrum generated owing to enhanced stimulated Raman scattering effect. When the pump power is 210 mW, the central wavelength is 1030 nm, and the corresponding 1st order Raman scattering stokes wave generates and locates at 1075 nm. When the pump power is 370 mW, the 1st and 2nd order Raman scattering stokes wave generate and locate at 1080 nm, 1126 nm respectively. When the pump power is 600 mW, the Raman continuum is generated with cascaded multi-order stokes waves, and the spectrum extends to 1188 nm. The total flat spectrum is from 1000nm to 1200nm. The maximum output average power and pulse energy are 18.0W and 14.75nJ, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fiber%20laser" title="fiber laser">fiber laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode-locking" title=" mode-locking"> mode-locking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20polarization%20rotation" title=" nonlinear polarization rotation"> nonlinear polarization rotation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20scattering" title=" Raman scattering"> Raman scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74790/raman-scattering-broadband-spectrum-generation-in-compact-yb-doped-fiber-laser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">422</span> Bi-Directional Impulse Turbine for Thermo-Acoustic Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20I.%20Dovgjallo">A. I. Dovgjallo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Tsapkova"> A. B. Tsapkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Shimanov"> A. A. Shimanov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper is devoted to one of engine types with external heating – a thermoacoustic engine. In thermoacoustic engine heat energy is converted to an acoustic energy. Further, acoustic energy of oscillating gas flow must be converted to mechanical energy and this energy in turn must be converted to electric energy. The most widely used way of transforming acoustic energy to electric one is application of linear generator or usual generator with crank mechanism. In both cases, the piston is used. Main disadvantages of piston use are friction losses, lubrication problems and working fluid pollution which cause decrease of engine power and ecological efficiency. Using of a bidirectional impulse turbine as an energy converter is suggested. The distinctive feature of this kind of turbine is that the shock wave of oscillating gas flow passing through the turbine is reflected and passes through the turbine again in the opposite direction. The direction of turbine rotation does not change in the process. Different types of bidirectional impulse turbines for thermoacoustic engines are analyzed. The Wells turbine is the simplest and least efficient of them. A radial impulse turbine has more complicated design and is more efficient than the Wells turbine. The most appropriate type of impulse turbine was chosen. This type is an axial impulse turbine, which has a simpler design than that of a radial turbine and similar efficiency. The peculiarities of the method of an impulse turbine calculating are discussed. They include changes in gas pressure and velocity as functions of time during the generation of gas oscillating flow shock waves in a thermoacoustic system. In thermoacoustic system pressure constantly changes by a certain law due to acoustic waves generation. Peak values of pressure are amplitude which determines acoustic power. Gas, flowing in thermoacoustic system, periodically changes its direction and its mean velocity is equal to zero but its peak values can be used for bi-directional turbine rotation. In contrast with feed turbine, described turbine operates on un-steady oscillating flows with direction changes which significantly influence the algorithm of its calculation. Calculated power output is 150 W with frequency 12000 r/min and pressure amplitude 1,7 kPa. Then, 3-d modeling and numerical research of impulse turbine was carried out. As a result of numerical modeling, main parameters of the working fluid in turbine were received. On the base of theoretical and numerical data model of impulse turbine was made on 3D printer. Experimental unit was designed for numerical modeling results verification. Acoustic speaker was used as acoustic wave generator. Analysis if the acquired data shows that use of the bi-directional impulse turbine is advisable. By its characteristics as a converter, it is comparable with linear electric generators. But its lifetime cycle will be higher and engine itself will be smaller due to turbine rotation motion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustic%20power" title="acoustic power">acoustic power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-directional%20pulse%20turbine" title=" bi-directional pulse turbine"> bi-directional pulse turbine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20alternator" title=" linear alternator"> linear alternator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoacoustic%20generator" title=" thermoacoustic generator"> thermoacoustic generator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38417/bi-directional-impulse-turbine-for-thermo-acoustic-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">421</span> Using Time Series NDVI to Model Land Cover Change: A Case Study in the Berg River Catchment Area, Western Cape, South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesuyi%20Ayodeji%20Steve">Adesuyi Ayodeji Steve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahn%20Munch"> Zahn Munch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the use of MODIS NDVI to identify agricultural land cover change areas on an annual time step (2007 - 2012) and characterize the trend in the study area. An ISODATA classification was performed on the MODIS imagery to select only the agricultural class producing 3 class groups namely: agriculture, agriculture/semi-natural, and semi-natural. NDVI signatures were created for the time series to identify areas dominated by cereals and vineyards with the aid of ancillary, pictometry and field sample data. The NDVI signature curve and training samples aided in creating a decision tree model in WEKA 3.6.9. From the training samples two classification models were built in WEKA using decision tree classifier (J48) algorithm; Model 1 included ISODATA classification and Model 2 without, both having accuracies of 90.7% and 88.3% respectively. The two models were used to classify the whole study area, thus producing two land cover maps with Model 1 and 2 having classification accuracies of 77% and 80% respectively. Model 2 was used to create change detection maps for all the other years. Subtle changes and areas of consistency (unchanged) were observed in the agricultural classes and crop practices over the years as predicted by the land cover classification. 41% of the catchment comprises of cereals with 35% possibly following a crop rotation system. Vineyard largely remained constant over the years, with some conversion to vineyard (1%) from other land cover classes. Some of the changes might be as a result of misclassification and crop rotation system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20detection" title="change detection">change detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20cover" title=" land cover"> land cover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modis" title=" modis"> modis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NDVI" title=" NDVI"> NDVI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28788/using-time-series-ndvi-to-model-land-cover-change-a-case-study-in-the-berg-river-catchment-area-western-cape-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">408</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">420</span> Comparing the Knee Kinetics and Kinematics during Non-Steady Movements in Recovered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injured Badminton Players against an Uninjured Cohort: Case-Control Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anuj%20Pathare">Anuj Pathare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandra%20Birn-Jeffery"> Aleksandra Birn-Jeffery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The Anterior Cruciate Ligament(ACL) helps stabilize the knee joint minimizing tibial anterior translation. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury is common in racquet sports and often occurs due to sudden acceleration, deceleration or changes of direction. This mechanism in badminton most commonly occurs during landing after an overhead stroke. Knee biomechanics during dynamic movements such as walking, running and stair negotiation, do not return to normal for more than a year after an ACL reconstruction. This change in the biomechanics may lead to re-injury whilst performing non-steady movements during sports, where these injuries are most prevalent. Aims: To compare if the knee kinetics and kinematics in ACL injury recovered athletes return to the same level as those from an uninjured cohort during standard movements used for clinical assessment and badminton shots. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to determine: Knee valgus during the single leg squat, vertical drop jump, net shot and drop shot; Degree of internal or external rotation during the single leg squat, vertical drop jump, net shot and drop shot; Maximum knee flexion during the single leg squat, vertical drop jump and net shot. Methods: This case-control study included 14 participants with three ACL injury recovered athletes and 11 uninjured participants. The participants performed various functional tasks including vertical drop jump, single leg squat; the forehand net shot and the forehand drop shot. The data was analysed using the two-way ANOVA test, and the reliability of the data was evaluated using the Intra Class Coefficient. Results: The data showed a significant decrease in the range of knee rotation in ACL injured participants as compared to the uninjured cohort (F₇,₅₅₆=2.37; p=0.021). There was also a decrease in the maximum knee flexion angles and an increase in knee valgus angles in ACL injured participants although they were not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in the knee rotation angles in the ACL injured participants which could be a potential cause for re-injury in these athletes in the future. Although the results for decrease in maximum knee flexion angles and increase in knee valgus angles were not significant, this may be due to a limited sample of ACL injured participants; there is potential for it to be identified as a variable of interest in the rehabilitation of ACL injuries. These changes in the knee biomechanics could be vital in the rehabilitation of ACL injured athletes in the future, and an inclusion of sports based tasks, e.g., Net shot along with standard protocol movements for ACL assessment would provide a better measure of the rehabilitation of the athlete. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACL" title="ACL">ACL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title=" biomechanics"> biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knee%20injury" title=" knee injury"> knee injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racquet%20sport" title=" racquet sport"> racquet sport</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81747/comparing-the-knee-kinetics-and-kinematics-during-non-steady-movements-in-recovered-anterior-cruciate-ligament-injured-badminton-players-against-an-uninjured-cohort-case-control-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81747.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">419</span> A Q-Methodology Approach for the Evaluation of Land Administration Mergers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tsitsi%20Nyukurayi%20Muparari">Tsitsi Nyukurayi Muparari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Timo%20De%20Vries"> Walter Timo De Vries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaap%20Zevenbergen"> Jaap Zevenbergen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nature of Land administration accommodates diversity in terms of both spatial data handling activities and the expertise involved, which supposedly aims to satisfy the unpredictable demands of land data and the diverse demands of the customers arising from the land. However, it is known that strategic decisions of restructuring are in most cases repelled in favour of complex structures that strive to accommodate professional diversity and diverse roles in the field of Land administration. Yet despite of this widely accepted knowledge, there is scanty theoretical knowledge concerning the psychological methodologies that can extract the deeper perceptions from the diverse spatial expertise in order to explain the invisible control arm of the polarised reception of the ideas of change. This paper evaluates Q methodology in the context of a cadastre and land registry merger (under one agency) using the Swedish cadastral system as a case study. Precisely, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of Q methodology towards modelling the diverse psychological perceptions of spatial professionals who are in a widely contested decision of merging the cadastre and land registry components of Land administration using the Swedish cadastral system as a case study. An empirical approach that is prescribed by Q methodology starts with the concourse development, followed by the design of statements and q sort instrument, selection of the participants, the q-sorting exercise, factor extraction by PQMethod and finally narrative development by logic of abduction. The paper uses 36 statements developed from a dominant competing value theory that stands out on its reliability and validity, purposively selects 19 participants to do the Qsorting exercise, proceeds with factor extraction from the diversity using varimax rotation and judgemental rotation provided by PQMethod and effect the narrative construction using the logic abduction. The findings from the diverse perceptions from cadastral professionals in the merger decision of land registry and cadastre components in Sweden’s mapping agency (Lantmäteriet) shows that focus is rather inclined on the perfection of the relationship between the legal expertise and technical spatial expertise. There is much emphasis on tradition, loyalty and communication attributes which concern the organisation’s internal environment rather than innovation and market attributes that reveals customer behavior and needs arising from the changing humankind-land needs. It can be concluded that Q methodology offers effective tools that pursues a psychological approach for the evaluation and gradations of the decisions of strategic change through extracting the local perceptions of spatial expertise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadastre" title="cadastre">cadastre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20extraction" title=" factor extraction"> factor extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20administration%20merger" title=" land administration merger"> land administration merger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20registry" title=" land registry"> land registry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=q-methodology" title=" q-methodology"> q-methodology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotation" title=" rotation"> rotation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85507/a-q-methodology-approach-for-the-evaluation-of-land-administration-mergers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85507.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">418</span> Correlation between Flexible Flatfoot and Lumbosacral Angle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moustafa%20Elwan">Moustafa Elwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohier%20Shehata"> Sohier Shehata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatma%20Sedek"> Fatma Sedek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manar%20Hussine"> Manar Hussine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most risky factors that lead to a foot injury during physical activities are both high and low arched feet. Normally the medial longitudinal arch of the foot develops in the first 10 years of life, so flexible flat foot has an inversely relationship with age in the first decade, all over the world, the prevalence of flat foot is increasing. In approximately 15% of foot deformities cases, the deformity does not disappear and remains throughout adulthood, 90% of the clinical cases are complaining from foot problems are due to flatfoot. Flatfoot creates subtalar over pronation, which creates tibial and femoral medial rotation, and that is accompanied with increases of pelvic tilting anteriorly, which may influence the lumbar vertebrae alignment by increasing muscle tension and rotation. Objective: To study the impact of the flexible flatfoot on lumbosacral angle (angle of Ferguson). Methods: This experiment included 40 volunteers (14 females &26 males) gathered from the Faculty of Physical Therapy, Modern University of Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt, for each participant, four angles were measured in the foot( talar first metatarsal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, , Calcaneal first metatarsal angle, calcaneal inclination angle) and one angle in the lumbar region (lumbosacral angle). Measurement of these angles was conducted by using Surgimap Spine software (version 2.2.9.6). Results: The results demonstrated that there was no significant correlation betweenFerguson angle and lateral talocalcaneal (r=0.164, p=0.313). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and talo first metatarsal “Meary’s angle" (r=0.007, p=0.968). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal-first metatarsal angle (r=0.083, p=0.612). Also, there was no significant correlation between Ferguson angle and calcaneal inclination angle (r= 0.032, p= 0.846). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is no significant correlation between the flexible flat foot and lumbosacral angle So, more study should be conducted in large sample and different ages and conditions of foot problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20first%20metatarsal" title="calcaneal first metatarsal">calcaneal first metatarsal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcaneal%20inclination" title=" calcaneal inclination"> calcaneal inclination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flatfoot" title=" flatfoot"> flatfoot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferguson%E2%80%99s%20angle" title=" ferguson’s angle"> ferguson’s angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20talocalcaneal%20angle" title=" lateral talocalcaneal angle"> lateral talocalcaneal angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lumbosacral%20angle" title=" lumbosacral angle"> lumbosacral angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20talar%20first%20metatarsal%20angle" title=" and talar first metatarsal angle"> and talar first metatarsal angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584/correlation-between-flexible-flatfoot-and-lumbosacral-angle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155584.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">417</span> Gymnastics-Oriented Training Program: Impact of 6 weeks Training on the Fitness and Performance of Basketball Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Ibrahim">Syed Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Muneer%20Ahmed"> Syed Muneer Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is a global phenomenon that fitness is a pre-requisite to the desired end of optimum efficiency in elite class basketballers achieved through appropriate conditioning program. This study was undertaken to find out the effect of gymnastic oriented training program on the physical fitness and the level of technical performance of basketball players. Method: 27 basketballers were divided into 12 experimental and 15 control groups aged between 19 to 25 years. Physical fitness tests comprising of vertical jump, push-ups, chin ups, sit ups, back strength, 30 m sprint, boomerangs test, 600 m run, sit and reach, bridge up and shoulder rotation and technical skill tests like dribbling, layup shots and rebound collection were used for the study. A pre- and post-test was conducted before and after the training program of 6 weeks. Results: The results indicated no significant difference in the anthropometric measurements of age, height and weight between the experimental and control group as the ‘t’ values observed were 0.28, 1.63 and 1.60 respectively . There were significant improvements in vertical jump, push-ups, sit-ups, modified boomerang test, bridge test and shoulder rotation index with the ‘t’ values being 2.60, 3.41, 3.91, 4.02, 3.55 and 2.33 respectively. However, no significant differences existed in chin-ups, back strength, 30 m sprint and 6000 m run with the ‘t’ values being 2.08, 1.77, 1.28 and 0.80 respectively. There was significant improvement in the post-test for the technical skills tests in the experimental group with ‘t’ values being 3.65, 2.57, and 3.62 for the dribble, layup shots and rebound collection respectively. There was no significant difference in the values of the control group except in the rebound collection which showed significant difference. Conclusion: It was found that both the physical fitness and skill proficiency of the basketballers increased through the participation in the gymnastics oriented program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gymnastic" title="gymnastic">gymnastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technical" title=" technical"> technical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-requisite" title=" pre-requisite"> pre-requisite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elite%20class" title=" elite class"> elite class</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10621/gymnastics-oriented-training-program-impact-of-6-weeks-training-on-the-fitness-and-performance-of-basketball-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">406</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">416</span> Homogenization of Cocoa Beans Fermentation to Upgrade Quality Using an Original Improved Fermenter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aka%20S.%20Koffi">Aka S. Koffi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N%E2%80%99Goran%20Yao"> N’Goran Yao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philippe%20Bastide"> Philippe Bastide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Bruneau"> Denis Bruneau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diby%20Kadjo"> Diby Kadjo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cocoa beans (<em>Theobroma cocoa</em> L.) are the main components for chocolate manufacturing. The beans must be correctly fermented at first. Traditional process to perform the first fermentation (lactic fermentation) often consists in confining cacao beans using banana leaves or a fermentation basket, both of them leading to a poor product thermal insulation and to an inability to mix the product. Box fermenter reduces this loss by using a wood with large thickness (e>3cm), but mixing to homogenize the product is still hard to perform. Automatic fermenters are not rentable for most of producers. Heat (T>45°C) and acidity produced during the fermentation by microbiology activity of yeasts and bacteria are enabling the emergence of potential flavor and taste of future chocolate. In this study, a cylindro-rotative fermenter (FCR-V1) has been built and coconut fibers were used in its structure to confine heat. An axis of rotation (360°) has been integrated to facilitate the turning and homogenization of beans in the fermenter. This axis permits to put fermenter in a vertical position during the anaerobic alcoholic phase of fermentation, and horizontally during acetic phase to take advantage of the mid height filling. For circulation of air flow during turning in acetic phase, two woven rattan with grid have been made, one for the top and second for the bottom of the fermenter. In order to reduce air flow during acetic phase, two airtight covers are put on each grid cover. The efficiency of the turning by this kind of rotation, coupled with homogenization of the temperature, caused by the horizontal position in the acetic phase of the fermenter, contribute to having a good proportion of well-fermented beans (83.23%). In addition, beans’pH values ranged between 4.5 and 5.5. These values are ideal for enzymatic activity in the production of the aromatic compounds inside beans. The regularity of mass loss during all fermentation makes it possible to predict the drying surface corresponding to the amount being fermented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa%20fermentation" title="cocoa fermentation">cocoa fermentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermenter" title=" fermenter"> fermenter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20activity" title=" microbial activity"> microbial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turning" title=" turning"> turning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74406/homogenization-of-cocoa-beans-fermentation-to-upgrade-quality-using-an-original-improved-fermenter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">415</span> Effectiveness of Gamified Virtual Physiotherapy Patients with Shoulder Problems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Barratt">A. Barratt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Granat"> M. H. Granat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Buttress"> S. Buttress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Roy"> B. Roy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Physiotherapy is an essential part of the treatment of patients with shoulder problems. The focus of treatment is usually centred on addressing specific physiotherapy goals, ultimately resulting in the improvement in pain and function. This study investigates if computerised physiotherapy using gamification principles are as effective as standard physiotherapy. Methods: Physiotherapy exergames were created using a combination of commercially available hardware, the Microsoft Kinect, and bespoke software. The exergames used were validated by mapping physiotherapy goals of physiotherapy which included; strength, range of movement, control, speed, and activation of the kinetic chain. A multicenter, randomised prospective controlled trial investigated the use of exergames on patients with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome who had undergone Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression surgery. The intervention group was provided with the automated sensor-based technology, allowing them to perform exergames and track their rehabilitation progress. The control group was treated with standard physiotherapy protocols. Outcomes from different domains were used to compare the groups. An important metric was the assessment of shoulder range of movement pre- and post-operatively. The range of movement data included abduction, forward flexion and external rotation which were measured by the software, pre-operatively, 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-operatively. Results: Both groups show significant improvement from pre-operative to 12 weeks in elevation in forward flexion and abduction planes. Results for abduction showed an improvement for the interventional group (p < 0.015) as well as the test group (p < 0.003). Forward flexion improvement was interventional group (p < 0.0201) with the control group (p < 0.004). There was however no significant difference between the groups at 12 weeks for abduction (p < 0.118067) , forward flexion (p < 0.189755) or external rotation (p < 0.346967). Conclusion: Exergames may be used as an alternative to standard physiotherapy regimes; however, further analysis is required focusing on patient engagement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder" title="shoulder">shoulder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiotherapy" title=" physiotherapy"> physiotherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergames" title=" exergames"> exergames</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamification" title=" gamification"> gamification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91106/effectiveness-of-gamified-virtual-physiotherapy-patients-with-shoulder-problems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">414</span> Glenoid Osteotomy with Various Tendon Transfers for Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: Clinical Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramin%20Zargarbashi">Ramin Zargarbashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Rabie"> Hamid Rabie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behnam%20Panjavi"> Behnam Panjavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hooman%20Kamran"> Hooman Kamran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyedarad%20Mosalamiaghili"> Seyedarad Mosalamiaghili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohre%20Erfani"> Zohre Erfani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Peyman%20Mirghaderi"> Seyed Peyman Mirghaderi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Salimi"> Maryam Salimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Posterior shoulder dislocation is one of the disabling complications of brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI), and various treatment options, including capsule and surrounding muscles release for open reduction, humeral derotational osteotomy, and tendon transfers, have been recommended to manage it. In the present study, we aimed to determine the clinical outcome of open reduction with soft tissue release, tendon transfer, and glenoid osteotomy inpatients with BPBI and posterior shoulder dislocation or subluxation. Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 33 patients that underwent open reduction, glenoid osteotomy, and tendon transfer were included. The glenohumeral deformity was classified according to the Waters radiographic classification. Functional assessment was performed using the Mallet grading system before and at least two years after the surgery. Results: The patients were monitored for 26.88± 5.47 months. Their average age was 27.5±14 months. Significant improvement was seen in the overall Mallet score (from 13.5 to 18.91 points) and its segments, including hand to mouth, hand to the neck, global abduction, global external rotation, abduction degree, and external rotation degree. Hand-to-back score and the presence of trumpet sign were significantly decreased in the post-operation phase (all p values<0.001). The above-mentioned variables significantly changed for both infantile and non-infantile dislocations. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that open reduction along with glenoid osteotomy improves retroversion, and muscle strengthening with different muscle transfers is an effective technique for BPBI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=birth%20injuries" title="birth injuries">birth injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nerve%20injury" title=" nerve injury"> nerve injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brachial%20plexus%20birth%20palsy" title=" brachial plexus birth palsy"> brachial plexus birth palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erb%20palsy" title=" Erb palsy"> Erb palsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon%20transfer" title=" tendon transfer"> tendon transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154524/glenoid-osteotomy-with-various-tendon-transfers-for-brachial-plexus-birth-palsy-clinical-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154524.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">413</span> Biomechanics of Atalantoaxial Complex for Various Posterior Fixation Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20C.%20O.">Arun C. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrijith%20M.%20B."> Shrijith M. B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thakur%20Rajesh%20Singh"> Thakur Rajesh Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study aims to analyze and understand the biomechanical stability of the atlantoaxial complex under different posterior fixation techniques using the finite element method in the Indian context. The conventional cadaveric studies performed show heterogeneity in biomechanical properties. The finite element method being a versatile numerical tool, is being wisely used for biomechanics analysis of atlantoaxial complex. However, the biomechanics of posterior fixation techniques for an Indian subject is missing in the literature. It is essential to study in this context as the bone density and geometry of vertebrae vary from region to region, thereby requiring different screw lengths and it can affect the range of motion(ROM), stresses generated. The current study uses CT images for developing a 3D finite element model with C1-C2 geometry without ligaments. Instrumentation is added to this geometry to develop four models for four fixation techniques, namely C1-C2 TA, C1LM-C2PS, C1LM-C2Pars, C1LM-C2TL. To simulate Flexion, extension, lateral bending, axial rotation, 1.5 Nm is applied to C1 while the bottom nodes of C2 are fixed. Then Range of Motion (ROM) is compared with the unstable model(without ligaments). All the fixation techniques showed more than 97 percent reduction in the Range of Motion. The von-mises stresses developed in the screw constructs are obtained. From the studies, it is observed that Transarticular technique is most stable in Lateral Bending, C1LM-C2 Translaminar is found most stable in Flexion/extension. The Von-Mises stresses developed minimum in Trasarticular technique in lateral bending and axial rotation, whereas stress developed in C2 pars construct minimum in Flexion/ Extension. On average, the TA technique is stable in all motions and also stresses in constructs are less in TA. Tarnsarticular technique is found to be the best fixation technique for Indian subjects among the 4 methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics" title="biomechanics">biomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20spine" title=" cervical spine"> cervical spine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title=" finite element model"> finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posterior%20fixation" title=" posterior fixation"> posterior fixation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143907/biomechanics-of-atalantoaxial-complex-for-various-posterior-fixation-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">412</span> Sorting Fish by Hu Moments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20M.%20Hern%C3%A1ndez-Ontiveros">J. M. Hernández-Ontiveros</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20E.%20Garc%C3%ADa-Guerrero"> E. E. García-Guerrero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Inzunza-Gonz%C3%A1lez"> E. Inzunza-González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20R.%20L%C3%B3pez-Bonilla"> O. R. López-Bonilla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the implementation of an algorithm that identifies and accounts different fish species: Catfish, Sea bream, Sawfish, Tilapia, and Totoaba. The main contribution of the method is the fusion of the characteristics of invariance to the position, rotation and scale of the Hu moments, with the proper counting of fish. The identification and counting is performed, from an image under different noise conditions. From the experimental results obtained, it is inferred the potentiality of the proposed algorithm to be applied in different scenarios of aquaculture production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=counting%20fish" title="counting fish">counting fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20image%20processing" title=" digital image processing"> digital image processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20moments" title=" invariant moments"> invariant moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27652/sorting-fish-by-hu-moments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">411</span> Lattice Dynamics of (ND4Br)x(KBr)1-x Mixed Crystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alpana%20Tiwari">Alpana Tiwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20K.%20Gaur"> N. K. Gaur</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have incorporated the translational rotational (TR) coupling effects in the framework of three body force shell model (TSM) to develop an extended TSM (ETSM). The dynamical matrix of ETSM has been applied to compute the phonon frequencies of orientationally disordered mixed crystal (ND4Br)x(KBr)1-x in (q00), (qq0) and (qqq) symmetry directions for compositions 0.10≤x≤0.50 at T=300K.These frequencies are plotted as a function of wave vector k. An unusual acoustic mode softening is found along symmetry directions (q00) and (qq0) as a result of translation-rotation coupling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orientational%20glass" title="orientational glass">orientational glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonons" title=" phonons"> phonons</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TR-coupling" title=" TR-coupling"> TR-coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lattice%20dynamics" title=" lattice dynamics"> lattice dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6479/lattice-dynamics-of-nd4brxkbr1-x-mixed-crystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">310</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">410</span> Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Applied to the Cervical Spine Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawel%20Kiper">Pawel Kiper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonc%20Baba"> Alfonc Baba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Alhelou"> Mahmoud Alhelou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgia%20Pregnolato"> Giorgia Pregnolato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michela%20Agostini"> Michela Agostini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Turolla"> Andrea Turolla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Impairment of cervical spine mobility is often related to pain triggered by musculoskeletal disorders or direct traumatic injuries of the spine. To date, these disorders are assessed with goniometers and inclinometers, which are the most popular devices used in clinical settings. Nevertheless, these technologies usually allow measurement of no more than two-dimensional range of motion (ROM) quotes in static conditions. Conversely, the wide use of motion tracking systems able to measure 3 to 6 degrees of freedom dynamically, while performing standard ROM assessment, are limited due to technical complexities in preparing the setup and high costs. Thus, motion tracking systems are primarily used in research. These systems are an integral part of virtual reality (VR) technologies, which can be used for measuring spine mobility. To our knowledge, the accuracy of VR measure has not yet been studied within virtual environments. Thus, the aim of this study was to test the reliability of a protocol for the assessment of sensorimotor function of the cervical spine in a population of healthy subjects and to compare whether using immersive or non-immersive VR for visualization affects the performance. Both VR assessments consisted of the same five exercises and random sequence determined which of the environments (i.e. immersive or non-immersive) was used as first assessment. Subjects were asked to perform head rotation (right and left), flexion, extension and lateral flexion (right and left side bending). Each movement was executed five times. Moreover, the participants were invited to perform head reaching movements i.e. head movements toward 8 targets placed along a circular perimeter each 45°, visualized one-by-one in random order. Finally, head repositioning movement was obtained by head movement toward the same 8 targets as for reaching and following reposition to the start point. Thus, each participant performed 46 tasks during assessment. Main measures were: ROM of rotation, flexion, extension, lateral flexion and complete kinematics of the cervical spine (i.e. number of completed targets, time of execution (seconds), spatial length (cm), angle distance (°), jerk). Thirty-five healthy participants (i.e. 14 males and 21 females, mean age 28.4±6.47) were recruited for the cervical spine assessment with immersive and non-immersive VR environments. Comparison analysis demonstrated that: head right rotation (p=0.027), extension (p=0.047), flexion (p=0.000), time (p=0.001), spatial length (p=0.004), jerk target (p=0.032), trajectory repositioning (p=0.003), and jerk target repositioning (p=0.007) were significantly better in immersive than non-immersive VR. A regression model showed that assessment in immersive VR was influenced by height, trajectory repositioning (p<0.05), and handedness (p<0.05), whereas in non-immersive VR performance was influenced by height, jerk target (p=0.002), head extension, jerk target repositioning (p=0.002), and by age, head flex/ext, trajectory repositioning, and weight (p=0.040). The results of this study showed higher accuracy of cervical spine assessment when executed in immersive VR. The assessment of ROM and kinematics of the cervical spine can be affected by independent and dependent variables in both immersive and non-immersive VR settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20reality" title="virtual reality">virtual reality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20spine" title=" cervical spine"> cervical spine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20analysis" title=" motion analysis"> motion analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20of%20motion" title=" range of motion"> range of motion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measurement%20validity" title=" measurement validity"> measurement validity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95192/immersive-and-non-immersive-virtual-reality-applied-to-the-cervical-spine-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">409</span> Combined Effect of Therapeutic Exercises and Shock Wave versus Therapeutic Exercises and Phonophoresis in Treatment of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Mashaly">Mohamed M. Mashaly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20M.%20F.%20El%20Shiwi"> Ahmed M. F. El Shiwi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is an encroachment of subacromial tissues, rotator cuff, subacromial bursa, and the long head of the biceps tendon, as a result of narrowing of the subacromial space. Activities requiring repetitive or sustained use of the arms over head often predispose the rotator cuff tendon to injury. Purpose: To compare between Combined effect therapeutic exercises and Shockwave therapy versus therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis in the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed as shoulder impingement syndrome stage II Neer classification due to mechanical causes. Patients were randomly distributed into two equal groups. The first group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of (45.46+8.64) received therapeutic exercises (stretching exercise of posterior shoulder capsule and strengthening exercises of shoulder muscles) and shockwave therapy (6000 shocks, 2000/session, 3 sessions, 2 weeks apart, 0.22mJ/mm^2) years. The second group consisted of 15 patients with a mean age of 46.26 (+ 8.05) received same therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis (3 times per week, each other day, for 4 consecutive weeks). Patients were evaluated pretreatment and post treatment for shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, shoulder flexion, abduction and internal rotation motions. Results: Patients of both groups showed significant improvement in all the measured variables. In between groups difference the shock wave group showed a significant improvement in all measured variables than phonophoresis group. Interpretation/Conclusion: Combined effect of therapeutic exercises and shock wave were more effective than therapeutic exercises and phonophoresis on decreasing shoulder pain severity, shoulder functional disability, increasing in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shoulder%20impingement%20syndrome" title="shoulder impingement syndrome">shoulder impingement syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapeutic%20exercises" title=" therapeutic exercises"> therapeutic exercises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shockwave" title=" shockwave"> shockwave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phonophoresis" title=" phonophoresis"> phonophoresis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23418/combined-effect-of-therapeutic-exercises-and-shock-wave-versus-therapeutic-exercises-and-phonophoresis-in-treatment-of-shoulder-impingement-syndrome-a-randomized-controlled-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23418.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">479</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> Quality Assessment of the Essential Oil from Eucalyptus globulus Labill of Blida (Algeria) Origin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ferhat">M. A. Ferhat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Boukhatem"> M. N. Boukhatem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Chemat"> F. Chemat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Eucalyptus essential oil is extracted from Eucalyptus globulus of the Myrtaceae family and is also known as Tasmanian blue gum or blue gum. Despite the reputation earned by aromatic and medicinal plants of Algeria. The objectives of this study were: (i) the extraction of the essential oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Myrtaceae grown in Algeria, and the quantification of the yield thereof, (ii) the identification and quantification of the compounds in the essential oil obtained, and (iii) the determination of physical and chemical properties of EGEO. The chemical constituents of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil (EGEO) of Blida origin has not previously been investigated. Thus, the present study has been conducted for the determination of chemical constituents and different physico-chemical properties of the EGEO. Chemical composition of the EGEO, grown in Algeria, was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The chemical components were identified on the basis of Retention Time and comparing with mass spectral database of standard compounds. Relative amounts of detected compounds were calculated on the basis of GC peak areas. Fresh leaves of E. globulus on steam distillation yielded 0.96% (v/w) of essential oil whereas the analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 11 constituents, 1.8 cineole (85.8%), α-pinene (7.2%), and β-myrcene (1.5%) being the main components. Other notable compounds identified in the oil were β-pinene, limonene, α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene, linalool, pinocarveol, terpinen-4-ol, and α-terpineol. The physical properties such as specific gravity, refractive index and optical rotation and the chemical properties such as saponification value, acid number and iodine number of the EGEO were examined. The oil extracted has been analyzed to have 1.4602-1.4623 refractive index value, 0.918-0.919 specific gravity (sp.gr.), +9 - +10 optical rotation that satisfy the standards stipulated by European Pharmacopeia. All the physical and chemical parameters were in the range indicated by the ISO standards. Our findings will help to access the quality of the Eucalyptus oil which is important in the production of high value essential oils that will help to improve the economic condition of the community as well as the nation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20composition" title="chemical composition">chemical composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptol" title=" eucalyptol"> eucalyptol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20chromatography" title=" gas chromatography"> gas chromatography</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40015/quality-assessment-of-the-essential-oil-from-eucalyptus-globulus-labill-of-blida-algeria-origin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> Emotion Recognition in Video and Images in the Wild</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faizan%20Tariq">Faizan Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moayid%20Ali%20Zaidi"> Moayid Ali Zaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Facial emotion recognition algorithms are expanding rapidly now a day. People are using different algorithms with different combinations to generate best results. There are six basic emotions which are being studied in this area. Author tried to recognize the facial expressions using object detector algorithms instead of traditional algorithms. Two object detection algorithms were chosen which are Faster R-CNN and YOLO. For pre-processing we used image rotation and batch normalization. The dataset I have chosen for the experiments is Static Facial Expression in Wild (SFEW). Our approach worked well but there is still a lot of room to improve it, which will be a future direction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20recognition" title="face recognition">face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion%20recognition" title=" emotion recognition"> emotion recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNN" title=" CNN"> CNN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152635/emotion-recognition-in-video-and-images-in-the-wild" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Cu₂(ZnSn)(S)₄ Electrodeposition from a Single Bath for Photovoltaic Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahfouz%20Saeed">Mahfouz Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cu₂(ZnSn)(S)₄ (CTZS) offers potential advantages over CuInGaSe₂ (CIGS) as solar thin film because to its higher band gap. Preparing such photovoltaic materials by electrochemical techniques is particularly attractive due to the lower processing cost and the high throughput of such techniques. Several recent publications report CTZS electroplating; however, the electrochemical process still facing serious challenges such as a sulfur atomic ration which is about 50% of the total alloy. We introduce in this work an improved electrolyte composition which enables the direct electrodeposition of CTZS from a single bath. The electrolyte is significantly more dilute in comparison to common baths described in the literature. The bath composition we introduce is: 0.0032 M CuSO₄, 0.0021 M ZnSO₄, 0.0303 M SnCl₂, 0.0038 M Na₂S₂O₃, and 0.3 mM Na₂S₂O3. PHydrion is applied to buffer the electrolyte to pH=2, and 0.7 M LiCl is applied as supporting electrolyte. Electrochemical process was carried at a rotating disk electrode which provides quantitative characterization of the flow (room temperature). Comprehensive electrochemical behavior study at different electrode rotation rates are provided. The effects of agitation on atomic composition of the deposit and its adhesion to the molybdenum back contact are discussed. The post treatment annealing was conducted under sulfur atmosphere with no need for metals addition from the gas phase during annealing. The potential which produced the desired atomic ratio of CTZS at -0.82 V/NHE. Smooth deposit, with uniform composition across the sample surface and depth was obtained at 500 rpm rotation speed. Final sulfur atomic ratio was adjusted to 50.2% in order to have the desired atomic ration. The final composition was investigated using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy technique (EDS). XRD technique used to analyze CTZS crystallography and thickness. Complete and functional CTZS PV devices were fabricated by depositing all the required layers in the correct order and the desired optical properties. Acknowledgments: Case Western Reserve University for the technical help and for using their instruments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photovoltaic" title="photovoltaic">photovoltaic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CTZS" title=" CTZS"> CTZS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical" title=" electrochemical"> electrochemical</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54037/cu2znsns4-electrodeposition-from-a-single-bath-for-photovoltaic-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Analysis of Impact of Airplane Wheels Pre-Rotating on Landing Gears of Large Airplane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huang%20Bingling">Huang Bingling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jia%20Yuhong"> Jia Yuhong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Yanhui"> Liu Yanhui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As an important part of aircraft, landing gears are responsible for taking-off and landing function. In recent years, big airplane's structural quality increases a lot. As a result, landing gears have stricter technical requirements than ever before such as structure strength and etc. If the structural strength of the landing gear is enhanced through traditional methods like increasing structural quality, the negative impacts on the landing gear's function would be very serious and even counteract the positive effects. Thus, in order to solve this problem, the impact of pre-rotating of landing gears on performance of landing gears is studied from the theoretical and experimental verification in this paper. By increasing the pre-rotating speed of the wheel, it can improve the performance of the landing gear and reduce the structural quality, the force of joint parts and other properties. In addition, the pre-rotating of the wheels also has other advantages, such as reduce the friction between wheels and ground and extend the life of the wheel. In this paper, the impact of the pre-rotating speed on landing gears and the connecting between landing gears performance and pre-rotating speed would be researched in detail. This paper is divided into three parts. In the first part, large airplane landing gear model is built by CATIA and LMS. As most general landing gear type in big plane, four-wheel landing gear is picked as model. The second part is to simulate the process of landing in LMS motion, and study the impact of pre-rotating of wheels on the aircraft`s properties, including the buffer stroke, efficiency, power; friction, displacement and relative speed between piston and sleeve; force and load distribution of tires. The simulation results show that the characteristics of the different pre-rotation speed are understood. The third part is conclusion. Through the data of the previous simulation and the relationship between the pre-rotation speed of the aircraft wheels and the performance of the aircraft, recommended speed interval is proposed. This paper is of great theoretical value to improve the performance of large airplane. It is a very effective method to improve the performance of aircraft by setting wheel pre-rotating speed. Do not need to increase the structural quality too much, eliminating the negative effects of traditional methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20airplane" title="large airplane">large airplane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landing%20gear" title=" landing gear"> landing gear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-rotating" title=" pre-rotating"> pre-rotating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75746/analysis-of-impact-of-airplane-wheels-pre-rotating-on-landing-gears-of-large-airplane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> Analysis of Friction Stir Welding Process for Joining Aluminum Alloy </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20Khourshid">A. M. Khourshid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Sabry"> I. Sabry </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid state joining technique, is widely being used for joining Al alloys for aerospace, marine automotive and many other applications of commercial importance. FSW were carried out using a vertical milling machine on Al 5083 alloy pipe. These pipe sections are relatively small in diameter, 5mm, and relatively thin walled, 2 mm. In this study, 5083 aluminum alloy pipe were welded as similar alloy joints using (FSW) process in order to investigate mechanical and microstructural properties .rotation speed 1400 r.p.m and weld speed 10,40,70 mm/min. In order to investigate the effect of welding speeds on mechanical properties, metallographic and mechanical tests were carried out on the welded areas. Vickers hardness profile and tensile tests of the joints as a metallurgical feasibility of friction stir welding for joining Al 6061 aluminum alloy welding was performed on pipe with different thickness 2, 3 and 4 mm,five rotational speeds (485,710,910,1120 and 1400) rpm and a traverse speed (4, 8 and 10)mm/min was applied. This work focuses on two methods such as artificial neural networks using software (pythia) and response surface methodology (RSM) to predict the tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of friction stir welded 6061 aluminum alloy. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed for the analysis of the friction stir welding parameters of 6061 pipe. The tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of weld joints were predicted by taking the parameters Tool rotation speed, material thickness and travel speed as a function. A comparison was made between measured and predicted data. Response surface methodology (RSM) also developed and the values obtained for the response Tensile strengths, the percentage of elongation and hardness are compared with measured values. The effect of FSW process parameter on mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy has been analyzed in detail. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20stir%20welding%20%28FSW%29" title="friction stir welding (FSW)">friction stir welding (FSW)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=al%20alloys" title=" al alloys"> al alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16416/analysis-of-friction-stir-welding-process-for-joining-aluminum-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16416.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Simulation of Ester Based Mud Performance through Drilling Genting Timur Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lina%20Ismail%20Jassim">Lina Ismail Jassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robiah%20Yunus"> Robiah Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To successfully drill oil or gas well, two main characteristics of numerous other tasks of an efficient drilling fluid are required, which are suspended and carrying cuttings from the beneath wellbore to the surface and managed between pore (formation) and hydrostatic pressure (mud pressure). Several factors like mud composition and its rheology, wellbore design, drilled cuttings characteristics and drilling string rotation contribute to drill wellbore successfully. Simulation model can support an appropriate indication on the drilling fluid performance in the real field as Genting Timur field, located in Pahang in Malaysia on 4295 m depth, held the world record in Sempah Muda 1 (Vertical). A detailed 3 dimensional CFD analysis of vertical, concentric annular two phase flow was developed to study and asses Herschel Bulkley drilling fluid. The effect of Hematite, Barite and calcium carbonates types and size of cutting rock particles on such flow is analyzed. The vertical flows are also associated with a good amount of temperature variation along the depth. This causes a good amount of change in viscosity of the fluid, which is non-Newtonian in nature. Good understanding of the nature of such flows is imperative in developing and maintaining successful vertical well systems. A detailed analysis of flow characteristics due to the drill pipe rotation is done in this work. The inner cylinder of the annulus gets different rotational speed, depending upon the operating conditions. This speed induces a good swirl on the particles and primary fluids which interpret in Ester based drilling fluid cleaning well ability, which in turn determines energy loss along the pipe. Energy loss is assessed in this work in terms of wall shear stress and pressure drop along the pipe. The flow is under an adverse pressure gradient condition, which causes chance of reversed flow and transfers the rock cuttings to the surface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentric%20annulus" title="concentric annulus">concentric annulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian" title=" non-Newtonian"> non-Newtonian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two%20phase" title=" two phase"> two phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herschel%20Bulkley" title=" Herschel Bulkley "> Herschel Bulkley </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21642/simulation-of-ester-based-mud-performance-through-drilling-genting-timur-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Psychological Factors of Readiness of Defectologists to Professional Development: On the Example of Choosing an Educational Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inna%20V.%20Krotova">Inna V. Krotova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study pays special attention to the definition of the psychological potential of a specialist-defectologist, which determines his desire to increase the level of his or her professional competence. The group included participants of the educational environment – an additional professional program 'Technologies of psychological and pedagogical assistance for children with complex developmental disabilities' implemented by the department of defectology and clinical psychology of the KFU jointly with the Support Fund for the Deafblind people 'Co-Unity'. The purpose of our study was to identify the psychological aspects of the readiness of the specialist-defectologist to his or her professional development. The study assessed the indicators of psychological preparedness, and its four components were taken into account: motivational, cognitive, emotional and volitional. We used valid and standardized tests during the study. As a result of the factor analysis of data received (from Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis, Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization, Rotation converged in 12 iterations), there were identified three factors with maximum factor load from 24 indices, and their correlation coefficients with other indicators were taken into account at the level of reliability p ≤ 0.001 and p ≤ 0.01. Thus the system making factor was determined – it’s a 'motivation to achieve success'; it formed a correlation galaxy with two other factors: 'general internality' and 'internality in the field of achievements', as well as with such psychological indicators as 'internality in the field of family relations', 'internality in the field of interpersonal relations 'and 'low self-control-high self-control' (the names of the scales used is the same as names in the analysis methods. In conclusion of the article, we present some proposals to take into account the psychological model of readiness of specialists-defectologists for their professional development, to stimulate the growth of their professional competence. The study has practical value for all providers of special education and organizations that have their own specialists-defectologists, teachers-defectologists, teachers for correctional and ergotherapeutic activities, specialists working in the field of correctional-pedagogical activity (speech therapists) to people with special needs who need true professional support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20readiness" title="psychological readiness">psychological readiness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=defectologist" title=" defectologist"> defectologist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20development" title=" professional development"> professional development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychological%20factors" title=" psychological factors"> psychological factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20education" title=" special education"> special education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=professional%20competence" title=" professional competence"> professional competence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovative%20educational%20environment" title=" innovative educational environment"> innovative educational environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80271/psychological-factors-of-readiness-of-defectologists-to-professional-development-on-the-example-of-choosing-an-educational-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Product Development in Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giorgi%20Methodishvili">Giorgi Methodishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iuliia%20Methodishvili"> Iuliia Methodishvili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper product development algorithm is used to determine the optimal management of financial resources in company. Aspects of financial management considered include put initial investment, examine all possible ways to solve the problem and the optimal rotation length of profit. The software of given problems is based using greedy algorithm. The obtained model and program maintenance enable us to define the optimal version of management of proper financial flows by using visual diagram on each level of investment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title="management">management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software" title=" software"> software</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal" title=" optimal"> optimal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greedy%20algorithm" title=" greedy algorithm"> greedy algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graph-diagram" title=" graph-diagram"> graph-diagram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182730/product-development-in-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Potential of High Performance Ring Spinning Based on Superconducting Magnetic Bearing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hossain">M. Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Abdkader"> A. Abdkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Cherif"> C. Cherif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Berger"> A. Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sparing"> M. Sparing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20H%C3%BChne"> R. Hühne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Schultz"> L. Schultz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Nielsch"> K. Nielsch </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the best quality of yarn and the flexibility of the machine, the ring spinning process is the most widely used spinning method for short staple yarn production. However, the productivity of these machines is still much lower in comparison to other spinning systems such as rotor or air-jet spinning process. The main reason for this limitation lies on the twisting mechanism of the ring spinning process. In the ring/traveler twisting system, each rotation of the traveler along with the ring inserts twist in the yarn. The rotation of the traveler at higher speed includes strong frictional forces, which in turn generates heat. Different ring/traveler systems concerning with its geometries, material combinations and coatings have already been implemented to solve the frictional problem. However, such developments can neither completely solve the frictional problem nor increase the productivity. The friction free superconducting magnetic bearing (SMB) system can be a right alternative replacing the existing ring/traveler system. The unique concept of SMB bearings is that they possess a self-stabilizing behavior, i.e. they remain fully passive without any necessity for expensive position sensing and control. Within the framework of a research project funded by German research foundation (DFG), suitable concepts of the SMB-system have been designed, developed, and integrated as a twisting device of ring spinning replacing the existing ring/traveler system. With the help of the developed mathematical model and experimental investigation, the physical limitations of this innovative twisting device in the spinning process have been determined. The interaction among the parameters of the spinning process and the superconducting twisting element has been further evaluated, which derives the concrete information regarding the new spinning process. Moreover, the influence of the implemented SMB twisting system on the yarn quality has been analyzed with respect to different process parameters. The presented work reveals the enormous potential of the innovative twisting mechanism, so that the productivity of the ring spinning process especially in case of thermoplastic materials can be at least doubled for the first time in a hundred years. The SMB ring spinning tester has also been presented in the international fair “International Textile Machinery Association (ITMA) 2015”. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ring%20spinning" title="ring spinning">ring spinning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superconducting%20magnetic%20bearing" title=" superconducting magnetic bearing"> superconducting magnetic bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yarn%20properties" title=" yarn properties"> yarn properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=productivity" title=" productivity"> productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77595/potential-of-high-performance-ring-spinning-based-on-superconducting-magnetic-bearing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Development of an Attitude Scale Towards Social Networking Sites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%C3%BCnevver%20Ba%C5%9Fman">Münevver Başman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deniz%20G%C3%BCllero%C4%9Flu"> Deniz Gülleroğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to determine the attitudes towards social networking sites. 45 tryout items, prepared for this aim, were applied to 342 students studying at Marmara University, Faculty of Education. The reliability and the validity of the scale were conducted with the help of these students. As a result of exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation, 41 items grouped according to the structure with three factors (interest, reality and negative effects) is obtained. While alpha reliability of the scale is obtained as .899; the reliability of factors is obtained as .899, .799, .775, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Attitude" title="Attitude">Attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20networking%20sites" title=" social networking sites"> social networking sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validity." title=" validity."> validity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43374/development-of-an-attitude-scale-towards-social-networking-sites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> A Multi Cordic Architecture on FPGA Platform </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Madian">Ahmed Madian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muaz%20Aljarhi"> Muaz Aljarhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) is a unique digital computing unit intended for the computation of mathematical operations and functions. This paper presents a multi-CORDIC processor that integrates different CORDIC architectures on a single FPGA chip and allows the user to select the CORDIC architecture to proceed with based on what he wants to calculate and his/her needs. Synthesis show that radix 2 CORDIC has the lowest clock delay, radix 8 CORDIC has the highest LUT usage and lowest register usage while Hybrid Radix 4 CORDIC had the highest clock delay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi" title="multi">multi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CORDIC" title=" CORDIC"> CORDIC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FPGA" title=" FPGA"> FPGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processor" title=" processor"> processor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2193/a-multi-cordic-architecture-on-fpga-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">473</span> 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