CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134b4762d6c9fd4',cH: 'ZFD1tsz2iuFYWOz0g1uYd9HimI4VanN3QsJ5xySNMuQ-1739784062-1.2.1.1-CEGuZ4Ftesl33ua3yWOCZbAjrPnO8JVvqf3K2Yw6JV5O3uITo3vYNi8mi0RrIrhC',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cervical%20spine&__cf_chl_tk=bso.hZxYbN2RQdIE1hGkOKRcIOknF0o.p5yc64ur0D8-1739784062-1.0.1.1-3QgIVLuLjcFTMvKz5IMmfNPGHwMWVe6pDVbgWiavN0M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784062',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=cervical%20spine&__cf_chl_f_tk=bso.hZxYbN2RQdIE1hGkOKRcIOknF0o.p5yc64ur0D8-1739784062-1.0.1.1-3QgIVLuLjcFTMvKz5IMmfNPGHwMWVe6pDVbgWiavN0M",md: "Wep3xkYcMPRP2aH4s.r1Rd8vdcjtJgWWJrDpMlqT1D0-1739784062-1.2.1.1-Y31bHs1PlClunMCIdwKfzjmdp_w1gdv7a7YjiGkCxRHGrwcoBJT_sEpqZ.Rli0P8nO30Z..fdgunyzEBB3uRSOP30._e3f5wxsAYjerN_NJeQ9nFQUOdqurVxocvyJ6qvcwSqrJ6wWtHJm_D8yePFBbMp_uNVXuLVi5EByIZ8YKv1opGi6.NBFTYcB5WkCRQT8_X73XvO2mJNXRks1PUBptlKfE30hhjFLXDdaIAVC1kYW.W57crJ6NbU1jNYiMardEkCmn9PfKb6ykG0HMid5sDiLDjuKGUXompAYOfRP9NlIVcacbkva77Tc9tCKIwdtDTii_l9tNBgxHHgME3uZ6IJnU6Ll7GusexMojx4n6G5HuCs8T0Ir_tKuw5S6KK8ts5v.4dIS_2gvN7YM0TI3Lbobwf1nF8YbR_F_ZzjVmSsfGHJf6RJK.wfiHjBI9ttK66GSuZtPS7i4FZOvYiTfLrRloTSu56T8yVlVx6Qv5DbMN1ZPHPgYbWRYYFMs7Fzml2tf2Upn2ix8WeRvaE6ujp9tK4NZEmByzR9_AfD8upb5_uLGn7D.33wl7iks6hBbXEa8RWrRvMr2cP6YQDOIXIQLlbt6.OlH5GlMLrAqStN6WE_ZWduLp1ld45uvDC8kI1VvL6X5mS8xHaI4K1bAfN1xge8Cy.kQF3Ohmfjzzx4utUwoDTSzC0pF_zOx_UlXuY_SAE58oAuMF4eDETwDwuSRd53KqmJwJOXiyP8AuR7oYYR9y5Vchbxud.bYvt3VbxZh7HSCuj6BW5lwTfZxuye3UGsjYB_xyWEyV0ZnMOASVBCvfewaMQUE4VDJZ7FZnomiAvEO8GcTmcFoxLdk6roVfFR1fvekh_ZQm6zkbzNKo.3h19FmLug31VlqH5BN.Sm6ZEh1INXmeVjRoxVO.CUyR_pFEI.N3yClgjlR2QrMfPJOusJ9t3zNWIpduSrJwrrYru6I6CZiw0ns5jt2q0j_mHuD2usVlOJp8N1eEbGsqoDdC7xoQF9VzScbk3y.cDFUnoIQ.cH.n57PZ4IjE43wdGOD8QdrB3lTmW7jpdJPaJ9H3XG1oYtCQ4TQRt7KJMgQ99GsgZ8KcYa3wT1Yl5xqa3w1JZ5pEq22rz8ThglHymxvvJ709Ps6apqrMwE4MNQ6uZ.hcnJTlBgNScWrRilHhHvysh7zUSacA9Jy7ltNwYalSeiTh2uEgKg.2n86PNpj6CafjzPeUh_jVdZfKPTeXVrYGlAIfs6z1LeopDD1bLeyt4amkBL.czhwBeNxtonIMv2gQmHgQD4rU6xlZ3_3n7JIGYIkgmuAKyVehIN_3Q4dXaEe_UYkI9zWVhsBLKV.254PKHcyG9RF3DjuB66Sq5AgKhFDZvggKg_gppLcYOab6mZ3R3_bD4tkg8HVFNMiSqcZRJhsiQLP89KmpG8w4ly1maQHJYyB5e3kYcof2k9JSiRemLYPYqkos6XX_oZXA8BSccaSxyX2BdbtC5NDa8Nsxnq0CVxBUbJ3l4BihzkkGlscH28KB.uBEcj4.hvhwQa8wNeRaHRgwte3JguwWsZPSpJ4LsYXflwPr2jpdxc_buQ_DJsdnspheJKAP6ZZ_BiJbMCKKD8VCcMaMbschcsE8FhktGEPPL7NJ1uTTkh3Hls0uhZNnOiZjRwf0oLqfZidvEpwTjSnSo7JLSVaOBsI62Uoo5FDS16W10s2.rM5LpfLQ9DlSugztxrSzvfk4VHPINeAXcTPovdVisjxE0cQhL_uDTjmKPJvm_yRw_IhVXwnKh2VdCazwYfMoeDXII9K59sukLmVhcosVw42XhiLfUdlmj3NuqTMPTnRj8AOWPejLBkcasxK_yIx7jNEjJRmvhpz3cgOwGeiStKesnJijGvhCYMwMjvofVOQpf98GHCTqDRie9OlW8czyRCw8eonI0UAPdn.kLG.eU_d8hCNHG9zJJZ8hRkE8",mdrd: "rg__rfMYdKkvp5Uxutwn2fouco72SMHoXPZU.LxyBHA-1739784062-1.2.1.1-HD8f91CHVYVIXwMwx_fDjfWBV_Nf3XGezDC0DFfEqbTuQpd5__yONz_Zae54.74efHSGBf3Ajs79K2Tf.BfDN2s_CJNn4r0Ln_hJLsOcju9moX0Hqt537FpC1b3v.Yo21OClVB1d83vreWpCHfmavh004qOT0MZ.7owlwbfd5i2_td7LT0iM49ntcC2wlgCMzVzyDqp2v2I2492_2ej7E.XAD781QMxeRa8NsZTCGT7rzbro1OOAwSz5ZHd6S6BtHhRscBOIfpavpKtXs.WV9Lmr4wr2Qpq.S8n0sVk6xMjSgRG0HQHLLWXrcyVcp_HMa8gd1WRxX6_XFGllzeTIR6IB7j0sJpRqxVEzhkKtwhoTsaR21qZxGAs914l_oafOCh1jNo0KQWvV2l0V2UYblyiI3nP0S4evPfNqg1p_JZMWeW0qDchHLiBbU2K4UyOqSHCo7TmNS9q7iKuHoMcqP2kVScAT1a27ZL9uGtea4ogU3P4gAnko8d95wZus1gzB.zYZGl2TktDBMw6FuuwHAoGmnjr_m.Azp6Zn3KAQ1XvHkbLXh_OoAfLaZhny3TDp1tOmRq._BxJUkskXEalLCePbrNl3TI18RFB9sMsl_VRB0J_f7wsI5wp4au7iCMG70Cck9BOxdGrfFCFBzJfbwE47S4x6exrws51S2BBXFBZ.vuBawN5L9cwa_6uQJvxZ54tyxFTELNx3_orrZu..K3CDtjv8F1.VAHL7YANujj028GznqfPmHAXz65kdRqo.1F1IME_OB2XQxdyV63hhAGu.L1SWUgj5Ornkf2H2nj6_wtWmV15kZVPQN5Bcj9KHNWT9BiL.NIjuubYUzXWal9BJ6A_mqFX14l9RRaXCDRhKktHg_OrN2zZXJ3D4e6R8d0i_85SYUu2H_xzUg3DcrLuLwtwIq0HIvQdsOFYxz3B3SPQGXpMPZYboyq7V5Pu0PLNJxKM5O0OfG_EWRckWCuNUlUMPxslOnYObsbeTE.b6ept2XvRpOyJ1cI8MghYWpff_3umU3XO9y7VUqoJ21cuKcgPcaBX2vBxaS8l9tuvDc45V8Id7AqkBr9JVjz0a0L1smwfmci12uhQMdjkjpqw6_DmuJi9npAep_DFL_vwr3qS1EhCiSbBZmwLx.yeIwUo83YjbkwdYL4vUEY3gcwg1qeM6h48tcGYO5oSQe1kMQg6tRrL66N_JA8Hj0nf6TNil.dZHi_ZNCgTUsYONgc6zRDfWwVSV59DlkYf5WNzCjQrCTIBjcSk3823854V9GgCarKrJMGb8C2NAB0KHQFrGHFUd61uDse385cnkL5QdAQThiSyrAmItwFyvggDAt7GQ9wcLaM5EE.4ZCb6zaTUXIIvBc7V6QAPSBTGg3SMl68DCNEaLW.0EjLOlFZMWJzgtq_1PZxAqodBT1FT8BFvRjazHPT.IZgaOVvUFCMUEj65Hf.H4HxAALNN4LNgKv9_UYenToNnYHX2.F23w1gzQCkOIbxDinV49w6cwS51awJQSJiQkDh5NDtx0qYNbRWtWOC2KctCtMewdT3jeQtyPDz7UAELjCMkGhcP6XTuAGN4fKXgwXBAhDolqTy4rEBNj2mXuhIZROVUhEaJpwAFzo6sT5HcYj4q6fsAK1xHhe1eithWu_blN_YH8kZCxmFV5EG5l1uiCiosYas0ImGTKFbtMfeEIVewKZQnCboGqsGfBhS.PimYL6yY1nkU17eT0FUjzm_e_o4TJlqSikk2a.g8oSmDwUjp03b6GM3yxmXpTjhpUeCd5vr_WDNwqLLpQFyj7eKxjhsHnETzaixttPIBjPNfQpFO05zMQybbX.qBwrpbseCn4bIpP7VGJiLLIdbGjW07BEqbtLwrCeExjxWC0LVFynDGI0iLMfYLnKiC1xgDYm6muJgtDH_LaaJ.5guOA50VOCzYHIaRHI5Ek.ltYA4p5SqDFYe___a_.J9cZsMdXwKac1NzKKMP8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134b4762d6c9fd4';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=cervical%20spine&__cf_chl_rt_tk=bso.hZxYbN2RQdIE1hGkOKRcIOknF0o.p5yc64ur0D8-1739784062-1.0.1.1-3QgIVLuLjcFTMvKz5IMmfNPGHwMWVe6pDVbgWiavN0M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>