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id="toc-Critiques_du_Wade-Gileset_comparaison_avec_le_pinyin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initiales_et_finales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiales_et_finales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Initiales et finales</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initiales_et_finales-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Initiales et finales</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Initiales_et_finales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initiales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initiales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Initiales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initiales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Finales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syllabes_commençant_par_une_médiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllabes_commençant_par_une_médiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Syllabes commençant par une médiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllabes_commençant_par_une_médiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voyelles_et_symboles_finaux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyelles_et_symboles_finaux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Voyelles et symboles finaux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyelles_et_symboles_finaux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Consonnes_syllabiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consonnes_syllabiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Consonnes syllabiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consonnes_syllabiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voyelle_o" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voyelle_o"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Voyelle o</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voyelle_o-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romanisation Wade-Giles</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 52 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%E2%80%93%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B2" title="ويد–جيلز – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ويد–جيلز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veyd-Caylz" title="Veyd-Caylz – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Veyd-Caylz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84-%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BB%CF%82" title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γουέιντ-Τζάιλς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید جایلز – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وید جایلز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%99%D7%93-%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A1" title="וייד-ג'יילס – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וייד-ג'יילס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles-%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1s" title="Wade–Giles-átírás – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wade–Giles-átírás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E5%BC%8F" title="ウェード式 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウェード式" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%93-%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვეიდ-ჯაილზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9B%A8%EC%9D%B4%EB%93%9C-%EC%9E%90%EC%9D%BC%EC%8A%A4_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95" title="웨이드-자일스 표기법 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="웨이드-자일스 표기법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veida%E2%80%94D%C5%BEailsa_sist%C4%93ma" title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Veida—Džailsa sistēma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A3%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Транскрипционная система Уэйда — Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Gilesovo_pre%C4%8Drkovanje" title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wade-Gilesovo prečrkovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B4-%D0%8F%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Вејд-Џајлс – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вејд-Џајлс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wade–Giles" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வேட்-கில்சு – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வேட்-கில்சு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="เวด-ไจลส์ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวด-ไจลส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B0-%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Система Вейда-Джайлза – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Система Вейда-Джайлза" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B2" title="وید-جائیلز – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وید-جائیلز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade-Giles" title="Wade-Giles – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wade-Giles" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade-Giles&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Wade" class="mw-disambig" title="Wade">Wade</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>Le <b>Wade-Giles</b>, parfois abrégé en <b>Wade</b>, est une <a href="/wiki/Romanisation_(%C3%A9criture)" title="Romanisation (écriture)">romanisation</a> du <a href="/wiki/Langues_chinoises" title="Langues chinoises">chinois</a> <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)" title="Mandarin (langue)">mandarin</a>. Il a été le principal système de <a href="/wiki/Transcription_et_translitt%C3%A9ration" title="Transcription et translittération">transcription</a> dans le <a href="/wiki/Pays_anglophones" title="Pays anglophones">monde anglophone</a> au <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr></a> et pendant la majeure partie du <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="20ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a>, jusqu'à l'apparition du <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">pinyin</a> (système officiel de la <a href="/wiki/Chine" title="Chine">Chine</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan" title="Taïwan">Taïwan</a>). </p><p>Il a été conçu d'après un système créé par <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Wade" title="Thomas Francis Wade">Thomas Francis Wade</a> au milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et modifié par <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Giles" title="Herbert Giles">Herbert Giles</a> dans son dictionnaire chinois-anglais de <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critiques_du_Wade-Gileset_comparaison_avec_le_pinyin">Critiques du Wade-Gileset comparaison avec le pinyin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Critiques du Wade-Gileset comparaison avec le pinyin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Critiques du Wade-Gileset comparaison avec le pinyin"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un argument courant contre le système Wade-Giles est la représentation du caractère <a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">aspiré</a> ou non de certaines consonnes par des apostrophes : <i>p</i>, <i>p'</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>t'</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>k'</i>. Les Occidentaux, peu familiers avec le système, enlèvent souvent les apostrophes s'ils ne savent pas qu'elles représentent des informations essentielles. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">système pinyin</a> répond à ce problème en employant les caractères latins dénotant les variantes <a href="/wiki/Consonne_sonore" title="Consonne sonore">sonores</a> (<i>b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>g</i>) des <a href="/wiki/Consonne" title="Consonne">consonnes</a> <a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">sourdes</a> (<i>p</i>, <i>t</i>, <i>k</i>) pour représenter les consonnes non aspirées, la distinction entre sonore et sourde n'ayant pas lieu en chinois. Le système pinyin a également l'avantage important de représenter les tons par des accents au lieu des numéros.Wade-Giles utilise des numéros en exposant pour indiquer les tons (¹, ², ³, ⁴), alors que le pinyin utilise des accents ( ¯ , ´ , ˇ , ` ). </p><p>Le Wade-Giles utilise des traits d'unions pour séparer toutes les <a href="/wiki/Syllabe" title="Syllabe">syllabes</a> (par exemple : <i>Hsi-an</i> (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">西安</span>) et <i>Hsi-fan</i> (<span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">稀飯</span>)), alors que le pinyin ne sépare que les syllabes ambiguës, avec une apostrophe (par exemple : <i>Xi'an</i>, mais <i>Xifan</i>). Aucun des deux systèmes ne sépare les syllabes des noms d'institutions ou de lieux. </p><p>Voici d'autres différences avec le pinyin : </p> <ul><li>‹ <a href="/wiki/%C3%9C_(lettre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ü (lettre)">Ü</a> › (comme dans <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">玉</span>, « jade ») a toujours un <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9ma" title="Tréma">tréma</a> au-dessus, tandis qu'en pinyin, le tréma est employé uniquement lorsqu'il est absolument nécessaire ;</li> <li>le groupe pinyin ‹ ong › est ‹ ung › en Wade-Giles (comme <i>gong fu</i> / <i>kung fu</i>) ;</li> <li>Wade-Giles utilise ‹ j › pour transcrire le phonème <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">/<a href="/wiki/API_%CA%90" class="mw-redirect" title="API ʐ">ʐ</a>/</span>, ce son étant transcrit ‹ r › en pinyin ;</li> <li>Wade-Giles utilise des numéros en exposant pour indiquer les tons (¹, ², ³, ⁴), alors que le pinyin utilise des accents ( ¯ , ´ , ˇ , ` ) ;</li> <li>après une consonne, la diphtongue Wade-Giles ‹ uei › est écrite ‹ ui › en pinyin. <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage est confus." style="cursor:help;">Sinon</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Style_encyclop%C3%A9dique#Clair" title="Wikipédia:Style encyclopédique">[pas clair]</a></sup>, ces deux romanisations, contrairement à quelques autres, utilisent ‹ iu › et ‹ un › à la place des syllabes complètes <i>iou</i> et <i>uen</i> ;</li> <li>‹ i › n'est jamais précédé par ‹ y ›, comme en pinyin. La seule exception est dans le nom de lieux, qui sont sans traits d'unions, donc sans un ‹ y ›, une ambiguïté de syllabe peut se produire.</li></ul> <p>En français, quelques mots gardent leur orthographe à la Wade-Giles (comme <i><a href="/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme">taoïsme</a></i> au lieu de <i>daoïsme</i>) ce qui entretient des confusions. Par exemple, celle entre le « chi » de <i><a href="/wiki/Tai-chi-chuan" title="Tai-chi-chuan">tai-chi-chuan</a></i> et celui de « ch'i kung », alors qu'en pinyin la distinction est évidente : <i><a href="/wiki/Taiji_quan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiji quan">taiji quan</a></i> et <i><a href="/wiki/Qi_gong" title="Qi gong">qi gong</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initiales_et_finales">Initiales et finales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Initiales et finales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Initiales et finales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les tables ci-dessous montrent les représentations Wade–Giles de chaque son chinois selon la <a href="/wiki/Prononciation_du_mandarin_standard" title="Prononciation du mandarin standard">prononciation du mandarin standard</a> (en caractères gras)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, mis côte à côte avec le symbole phonétique de l'<a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">alphabet phonétique international</a> (entre crochets), et les représentations équivalentes en <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">bopomofo</a> et en <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">hanyu pinyin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initiales">Initiales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Initiales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Initiales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2"></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_bilabiale" title="Consonne bilabiale">Bilabiale</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_Labio-dentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Consonne Labio-dentale">Labio-dentale</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_dentale" title="Consonne dentale">Dentale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Consonne_alv%C3%A9olaire" title="Consonne alvéolaire">Alvéolaire</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_r%C3%A9troflexe" title="Consonne rétroflexe">Rétroflexe</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_alv%C3%A9olo-palatale" title="Consonne alvéolo-palatale">alvéolo-palatale</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_v%C3%A9laire" title="Consonne vélaire">Vélaire</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voisement" title="Voisement">voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voisement" title="Voisement">voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Voisement" title="Voisement">voisée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Consonne_sourde" title="Consonne sourde">non voisée</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale" title="Consonne nasale">Nasale</a> </th> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale_bilabiale_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale bilabiale voisée"><b>m</b> [m]</a><br />ㄇ m</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_nasale_alv%C3%A9olaire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne nasale alvéolaire voisée"><b>n</b> [n]</a><br />ㄋ n</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive" title="Consonne occlusive">Occlusive</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">non aspirée</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_bilabiale_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive bilabiale sourde"><b>p</b> [p]</a><br />ㄅ b</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive alvéolaire sourde"><b>t</b> [t]</a><br />ㄉ d</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_v%C3%A9laire_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive vélaire sourde"><b>k</b> [k]</a><br />ㄍ g </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirée</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_bilabiale_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive bilabiale sourde"><b>pʻ</b> [pʰ]</a><br />ㄆ p</td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive alvéolaire sourde"><b>tʻ</b> [tʰ]</a><br />ㄊ t</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_occlusive_v%C3%A9laire_sourde" title="Consonne occlusive vélaire sourde"><b>kʻ</b> [kʰ]</a><br />ㄎ k </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e" title="Consonne affriquée">affriquée</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">non aspirée</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée alvéolaire sourde"><b>ts</b> [ts]</a><br />ㄗ z</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9troflexe_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée rétroflexe sourde"><b>ch</b> [ʈʂ]</a><br />ㄓ zh</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_alv%C3%A9olo-palatale_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée alvéolo-palatale sourde"><b>ch</b> [tɕ]</a><br />ㄐ j</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Aspiration_(phon%C3%A9tique)" title="Aspiration (phonétique)">Aspirée</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée alvéolaire sourde"><b>tsʻ</b> [tsʰ]</a><br />ㄘ c</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_r%C3%A9troflexe_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée rétroflexe sourde"><b>chʻ</b> [ʈʂʰ]</a><br />ㄔ ch</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_affriqu%C3%A9e_alv%C3%A9olo-palatale_sourde" title="Consonne affriquée alvéolo-palatale sourde"><b>chʻ</b> [tɕʰ]</a><br />ㄑ q</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative" title="Consonne fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative_labio-dentale_sourde" title="Consonne fricative labio-dentale sourde"><b>f</b> [f]</a><br />ㄈ f </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative_alv%C3%A9olaire_sourde" title="Consonne fricative alvéolaire sourde"><b>s</b> [s]</a><br />ㄙ s</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative_r%C3%A9troflexe_sourde" title="Consonne fricative rétroflexe sourde"><b>sh</b> [ʂ]</a><br />ㄕ sh</td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative_alv%C3%A9olo-palatale_sourde" title="Consonne fricative alvéolo-palatale sourde"><b>hs</b> [ɕ]</a><br />ㄒ x </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_fricative_v%C3%A9laire_sourde" title="Consonne fricative vélaire sourde"><b>h</b> [x]</a><br />ㄏ h </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Consonne_liquide" title="Consonne liquide">Liquide</a> </th> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_spirante_lat%C3%A9rale_alv%C3%A9olaire_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne spirante latérale alvéolaire voisée"><b>l</b> [l]</a><br />ㄌ l</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Consonne_spirante_r%C3%A9troflexe_vois%C3%A9e" title="Consonne spirante rétroflexe voisée"><b>j</b> [ɻ~ʐ]</a><br />ㄖ r</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Au lieu de <i>ts</i>, <i>tsʻ</i> et <i>s</i>, Wade–Giles utilise <i>tz</i>, <i>tzʻ</i> et <i>ss</i> avant <i>ŭ</i> (Voir <a href="#Consonnes_syllabiques">plus bas</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finales">Finales</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Finales" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Finales"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="13">Coda </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">∅</th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/i/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/u/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/n/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="3"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ŋ/</span></a></span></th> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ɻ/</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Medial </th> <th>∅ </th> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ih/ŭ</b><br />[ɨ]<br />ㄭ<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/15px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/23px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg/30px-MoeKai_Bopomofo_U%2B312D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> -i</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ê/o</b><br />[ɤ]<br />ㄜ e</td> <td><b>a</b><br />[a]<br />ㄚ a </td> <td><b>ei</b><br />[ei]<br />ㄟ ei</td> <td><b>ai</b><br />[ai]<br />ㄞ ai </td> <td><b>ou</b><br />[ou]<br />ㄡ ou</td> <td><b>ao</b><br />[au]<br />ㄠ ao </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ên</b><br />[ən]<br />ㄣ en</td> <td><b>an</b><br />[an]<br />ㄢ an </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ung</b><br />[ʊŋ]<br />ㄨㄥ ong</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>êng</b><br />[əŋ]<br />ㄥ eng</td> <td><b>ang</b><br />[aŋ]<br />ㄤ ang </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>êrh</b><br />[aɚ̯]<br />ㄦ er </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/j/</span></a></span> </th> <td><b>i</b><br />[i]<br />ㄧ i</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ieh</b><br />[je]<br />ㄧㄝ ie</td> <td><b>ia</b><br />[ja]<br />ㄧㄚ ia </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><b>iu</b><br />[jou]<br />ㄧㄡ iu</td> <td><b>iao</b><br />[jau]<br />ㄧㄠ iao </td> <td><b>in</b><br />[in]<br />ㄧㄣ in</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ien</b><br />[jɛn]<br />ㄧㄢ ian </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>iung</b><br />[jʊŋ]<br />ㄩㄥ iong</td> <td><b>ing</b><br />[iŋ]<br />ㄧㄥ ing</td> <td><b>iang</b><br />[jaŋ]<br />ㄧㄤ iang </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/w/</span></a></span> </th> <td><b>u</b><br />[u]<br />ㄨ u</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>o/uo</b><br />[wo]<br />ㄛ/ㄨㄛ o/uo</td> <td><b>ua</b><br />[wa]<br />ㄨㄚ ua</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>ui/uei</b><br />[wei]<br />ㄨㄟ ui</td> <td><b>uai</b><br />[wai]<br />ㄨㄞ uai </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><b>un</b><br />[wən]<br />ㄨㄣ un</td> <td><b>uan</b><br />[wan]<br />ㄨㄢ uan </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><b>uang</b><br />[waŋ]<br />ㄨㄤ uang </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ɥ/</span></a></span> </th> <td><b>ü</b><br />[y]<br />ㄩ ü</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>üeh</b><br />[ɥe]<br />ㄩㄝ üe</td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td><b>ün</b><br />[yn]<br />ㄩㄣ ün</td> <td><b>üan</b><br />[ɥɛn]<br />ㄩㄢ üan </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Wade–Giles utilise <i>-uei</i> après <i>kʻ</i> et <i>k</i>, ou dans les autres cas <i>-ui</i>: <i>kʻuei</i>, <i>kuei</i>, <i>hui</i>, <i>shui</i>, <i>chʻui</i>. </p><p>Dans cette méthode, <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">[-ɤ]</span></a></span> s'écrit <i>-o</i> après <i>kʻ</i>, <i>k</i> et <i>h</i>, sinon <i>-ê</i>: <i>kʻo</i>, <i>ko</i>, <i>ho</i>, <i>shê</i>, <i>chʻê</i>. Lorsque <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">[ɤ]</span></a></span> forme une syllabe par elle-même, elle est écrite <i>ê</i> ou <i>o</i> en fonction du caractère. </p><p>Avec Wade–Giles <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">[-wo]</span></a></span> s'écrit <i>-uo</i> après <i>kʻ</i>, <i>k</i>, <i>h</i> et <i>sh</i>, dans les autres cas, elle s'écrit <i>-o</i>: <i>kʻuo</i>, <i>kuo</i>, <i>huo</i>, <i>shuo</i>, <i>chʻo</i>. Giles Pour <i>-ih</i> et <i>-ŭ</i>, voir <a href="#Consonnes_syllabiques">plus bas</a>. </p><p><i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Chinese-English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Chinese-English Dictionary (page inexistante)">A Chinese-English Dictionary</a></span></i> de Giles, inclus également les syllabes <i>chio</i>, <i>chʻio</i>, <i>hsio</i>, <i>yo</i>, qui sont à présent prononcée comme <i>chüeh</i>, <i>chʻüeh</i>, <i>hsüeh</i>, <i>yüeh</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syllabes_commençant_par_une_médiale"><span id="Syllabes_commen.C3.A7ant_par_une_m.C3.A9diale"></span>Syllabes commençant par une médiale</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Syllabes commençant par une médiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Syllabes commençant par une médiale"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2"> </th> <th colspan="13">Coda </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3">∅</th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/i/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/u/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="2"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/n/</span></a></span></th> <th colspan="3"><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ŋ/</span></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4">Médiale </th> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/j/</span></a></span> </th> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>i/yi</b><br />[i]<br />ㄧ yi</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yeh</b><br />[je]<br />ㄧㄝ ye</td> <td><b>ya</b><br />[ja]<br />ㄧㄚ ya </td> <td></td> <td><b>yai</b><br />[jai]<br />ㄧㄞ yai </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yu</b><br />[jou]<br />ㄧㄡ you</td> <td><b>yao</b><br />[jau]<br />ㄧㄠ yao </td> <td><b>yin</b><br />[in]<br />ㄧㄣ yin</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yen</b><br />[jɛn]<br />ㄧㄢ yan </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yung</b><br />[jʊŋ]<br />ㄩㄥ yong</td> <td><b>ying</b><br />[iŋ]<br />ㄧㄥ ying</td> <td><b>yang</b><br />[jaŋ]<br />ㄧㄤ yang </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/w/</span></a></span> </th> <td><b>wu</b><br />[u]<br />ㄨ wu</td> <td><b>wo</b><br />[wo]<br />ㄨㄛ wo</td> <td><b>wa</b><br />[wa]<br />ㄨㄚ wa </td> <td><b>wei</b><br />[wei]<br />ㄨㄟ wei</td> <td><b>wai</b><br />[wai]<br />ㄨㄞ wai </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>wên</b><br />[wən]<br />ㄨㄣ wen</td> <td><b>wan</b><br />[wan]<br />ㄨㄢ wan </td> <td></td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>wêng</b><br />[wəŋ]<br />ㄨㄥ weng</td> <td><b>wang</b><br />[waŋ]<br />ㄨㄤ wang </td></tr> <tr> <th><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">/ɥ/</span></a></span> </th> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yü</b><br />[y]<br />ㄩ yu</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yüeh</b><br />[ɥe]<br />ㄩㄝ yue</td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yün</b><br />[yn]<br />ㄩㄣ yun</td> <td bgcolor="#efefef"><b>yüan</b><br />[ɥɛn]<br />ㄩㄢ yuan </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Avec Wade–Giles <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">[i]</span></a></span> s'écrit <i>i</i> ou <i>yi</i> en fonction du caractère. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voyelles_et_symboles_finaux">Voyelles et symboles finaux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Voyelles et symboles finaux" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelles et symboles finaux"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Consonnes_syllabiques">Consonnes syllabiques</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Consonnes syllabiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Consonnes syllabiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme <a href="/wiki/Romanisation_Yale" title="Romanisation Yale">Yale</a> et les <a href="/w/index.php?title=Symboles_phon%C3%A9tiques_du_Mandarin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symboles phonétiques du Mandarin II (page inexistante)">Symboles phonétiques du Mandarin II</a> <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" class="extiw" title="zh:国语注音符号第二式"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en chinois : « 国语注音符号第二式 »">(zh)</span></a> (SPM II, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">國語注音符號第二式</span>), Wade–Giles transcrit les deux types de <a href="/wiki/Consonne_syllabique" title="Consonne syllabique">consonnes syllabiques</a> (<abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : chinois">(zh)</abbr>; Wade–Giles: <i>kʻung<sup>1</sup>-yün<sup>4</sup></i>; <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hànyǔ Pīnyīn</a>: <i>kōngyùn</i>) différemment: </p> <ul><li><i>-ŭ</i> est utilisée après <a href="/wiki/Sibilance" title="Sibilance">sibilants</a> écrits à cette position (et cette position seulement) comme <i>tz</i>, <i>tzʻ</i> et <i>ss</i> (Pīnyīn <i>z</i>, <i>c</i> et <i>s</i>).</li> <li><i>-ih</i> est utilisé après la <a href="/wiki/Consonne_r%C3%A9troflexe" title="Consonne rétroflexe">rétroflexe</a> <i>ch</i>, <i>chʻ</i>, <i>sh</i>, et <i>j</i> (Pīnyīn <i>zh</i>, <i>ch</i>, <i>sh</i>, et <i>r</i>).</li></ul> <p>Ces finales sont toutes écrites comme <i>-ih</i> en <a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">tongyong pinyin</a>, comme <i>-i</i> en <a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hànyǔ Pīnyīn</a> (Donc, distinguables uniquement par l'initiale de <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;">[i]</span> comme dans <i>li</i>), et comme <i>-y</i> dans <a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> et <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade_simplifi%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade simplifié (page inexistante)">Wade simplifié</a>. Elles sont typiquement omises dans <a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Zhùyīn (Bōpōmōfō)</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">API</a> </th> <td>ʈ͡ʂɨ</td> <td>ʈ͡ʂʰɨ</td> <td>ʂɨ</td> <td>ɻɨ</td> <td>t͡sɯ</td> <td>t͡sʰɯ</td> <td>sɯ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_Yale" title="Romanisation Yale">Yale</a> </th> <td>jr</td> <td>chr</td> <td>shr</td> <td>r</td> <td>dz</td> <td>tsz</td> <td>sz </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Symboles_phon%C3%A9tiques_du_Mandarin_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Symboles phonétiques du Mandarin II (page inexistante)">SPM II</a> </th> <td>jr</td> <td>chr</td> <td>shr</td> <td>r</td> <td>tz</td> <td>tsz</td> <td>sz </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Wade–Giles </th> <td>chih</td> <td>chʻih</td> <td>shih</td> <td>jih</td> <td>tzŭ</td> <td>tzʻŭ</td> <td>ssŭ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tongy%C3%B2ng_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongyòng Pinyin">Tongyòng Pinyin</a> </th> <td>jhih</td> <td>chih</td> <td>shih</td> <td>rih</td> <td>zih</td> <td>cih</td> <td>sih </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hànyǔ Pīnyīn</a> </th> <td>zhi</td> <td>chi</td> <td>shi</td> <td>ri</td> <td>zi</td> <td>ci</td> <td>si </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a> </th> <td>jy</td> <td>chy</td> <td>shy</td> <td>ry</td> <td>tzy</td> <td>tsy</td> <td>sy </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wade_simplifi%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wade simplifié (page inexistante)">Wade simplifié</a> </th> <td>chy</td> <td>chhy</td> <td>shy</td> <td>ry</td> <td>tsy</td> <td>tshy</td> <td>sy </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Zhùyīn</a> </th> <td>ㄓ</td> <td>ㄔ</td> <td>ㄕ</td> <td>ㄖ</td> <td>ㄗ</td> <td>ㄘ</td> <td>ㄙ </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Voyelle_o">Voyelle o</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Voyelle o" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voyelle o"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La finale <i>o</i> en Wade-Giles à deux prononciations en Mandarin moderne : <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».">w</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span> et <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɤ">ɤ</a>]</span>. </p><p>Ce qui est prononcé aujourd'hui comme une <a href="/wiki/Voyelle_mi-ferm%C3%A9e_post%C3%A9rieure_non_arrondie" title="Voyelle mi-fermée postérieure non arrondie">voyelle mi-fermée postérieure non arrondie</a> <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɤ">ɤ</a>]</span> est généralement écrit ‹ ê ›, mais parfois ‹ o ›, en fonction de la prononciation historique (à l'époque où la romanisation Wade–Giles a été développée). En particulier, après les initiales vélaires <i>k</i>, <i>kʻ</i> et <i>h</i> (et un <i>ng</i> historique, qui a disparu au moment où Wade–Giles a été développée), <i>o</i> est utilisée ; par exemple, <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">哥</span> est <i>ko¹</i> (pinyin : ‹ gē ›) et <span class="lang-zh" lang="zh">刻</span> est <i>kʻo⁴</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (pinyin : ‹ kè ›). En mandarin moderne, <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span> après une vélaire (et ce qui a été auparavant ‹ ng ›) s'est décalé vers <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɤ">ɤ</a>]</span>, ainsi, elles sont écrites <i>ge</i>, <i>ke</i>, <i>he</i> et <i>e</i> en Pīnyīn. Lorsque <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_%C9%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="API ɤ">ɤ</a>]</span> forme seule une syllabe, Wade–Giles l'écrit ‹ ê › ou ‹ o › en fonction du caractère. Dans toutes les autres circonstances, elle écrit ‹ ê ›. </p><p>Ce qui est prononcé aujourd'hui comme <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».">w</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span> est généralement écrit <i>o</i> en Wade–Giles, à l'exception de <i>wo</i>, <i>shuo</i> (e.g. <i>說 shuo¹</i>) et les trois syllabes <i>kuo</i>, <i>kʻuo</i>, et <i>huo</i> (comme dans 過, 霍, etc.), qui contrastent avec <i>ko</i>, <i>kʻo</i>, et <i>ho</i> qui correspondent au pinyin <i>ge</i>, <i>ke</i>, et <i>he</i>. C'est parce que des caractères comme 羅, 多, etc. (Wade–Giles : <i>lo²</i>, <i>to¹</i>; Pīnyīn: <i>luó</i>, <i>duō</i>) ne portaient pas, à l'origine, la médiale <span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">[w]</span></a></span>. En Mandarin moderne, , la distinction phonétique entre <i>o</i> et <i>-uo</i>/<i>wo</i> a été perdue (à l’exception des interjections, lorsqu'elles sont utilisées seules), et la médiale <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».">w</span></a>]</span> est ajoutée devant <i>-o</i>, créant ainsi le <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».">w</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span> moderne. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international">API</a> </th> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">pwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">pʰwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">mwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">fwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">two</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">tʰwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">nwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">lwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">kɤ</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">kʰɤ</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">xɤ</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">ʈ͡ʂwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">ʈ͡ʂʰwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">ʐwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">t͡swo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">t͡sʰwo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">swo</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">ɤ</span></a></span></td> <td><span title="Alphabet phonétique international" class="API" style="font-family:'DejaVu Sans','Doulos SIL','Lucida Grande','Segoe UI','Arial Unicode MS','Adobe Pi Std','Lucida Sans Unicode','Chrysanthi Unicode',Code2000,Gentium,GentiumAlt,'TITUS Cyberbit Basic','Bitstream Vera Sans','Bitstream Cyberbit','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro','Matrix Unicode',sans-serif;"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_phon%C3%A9tique_international" title="Alphabet phonétique international"><span class="nowrap">wo</span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Wade–Giles </th> <td>po</td> <td>pʻo</td> <td>mo</td> <td>fo</td> <td>to</td> <td>tʻo</td> <td>no</td> <td>lo</td> <td>ko</td> <td>kʻo</td> <td>ho</td> <td>cho</td> <td>chʻo</td> <td>jo</td> <td>tso</td> <td>tsʻo</td> <td>so</td> <td>o/ê</td> <td>wo </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Zhùyīn</a> </th> <td>ㄅ<b>ㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄆ<b>ㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄇ<b>ㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄈ<b>ㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄉ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄊ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄋ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄌ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄍ<b>ㄜ</b></td> <td>ㄎ<b>ㄜ</b></td> <td>ㄏ<b>ㄜ</b></td> <td>ㄓ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄔ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄖ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄗ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄘ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td>ㄙ<b>ㄨㄛ</b></td> <td><b>ㄜ</b></td> <td><b>ㄨㄛ</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Pīnyīn</a> </th> <td>b<b>o</b></td> <td>p<b>o</b></td> <td>m<b>o</b></td> <td>f<b>o</b></td> <td>d<b>uo</b></td> <td>t<b>uo</b></td> <td>n<b>uo</b></td> <td>l<b>uo</b></td> <td>g<b>e</b></td> <td>k<b>e</b></td> <td>h<b>e</b></td> <td>zh<b>uo</b></td> <td>ch<b>uo</b></td> <td>r<b>uo</b></td> <td>z<b>uo</b></td> <td>c<b>uo</b></td> <td>s<b>uo</b></td> <td><b>e</b></td> <td><b>wo</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il est à noter que les translittérations zhuyin et pinyin écrivent <span class="API nowrap" title="Alphabet phonétique international" style="font-family:'Segoe UI','DejaVu Sans','Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','Arial Unicode MS','Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro',sans-serif;">[<a href="/wiki/API_w" class="mw-redirect" title="API w"><span title="[w] « w » dans « web », « ou » dans « oui ».">w</span></a><a href="/wiki/API_o" class="mw-redirect" title="API o"><span title="[o] « o » dans « sot ».">o</span></a>]</span> comme ㄛ <i>-o</i> après ㄅ <i>b</i>, ㄆ <i>p</i>, ㄇ <i>m</i> et ㄈ <i>f</i>, alors qu'elles sont écrites ㄨㄛ <i>-uo</i> après toutes les autres initiales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Wade-Giles&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Chinese-English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Chinese-English Dictionary (page inexistante)">A Chinese-English Dictionary</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Chinese-English_Dictionary" class="extiw" title="en:A Chinese-English Dictionary"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « A Chinese-English Dictionary »">(en)</span></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=A_Chinese-English_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A Chinese-English Dictionary (page inexistante)">A Chinese-English Dictionary</a></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 761.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Romanisation_des_langues_chinoises" title="Modèle:Palette Romanisation des langues chinoises"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Romanisation_des_langues_chinoises&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_des_langues_chinoises" title="Romanisation des langues chinoises">Romanisation des langues chinoises</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)" title="Mandarin (langue)">Mandarin</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin">Hanyu pinyin</a></i> (汉语拼音)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_pinyin" title="Tongyong pinyin">Tongyong pinyin</a></i> (通用拼音)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></i> (國語羅馬字)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Latinxua_Sinwenz" title="Latinxua Sinwenz">Latinxua Sinwenz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lessing-Othmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lessing-Othmer (page inexistante)">Lessing-Othmer</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lessing-Othmer" class="extiw" title="en:Lessing-Othmer"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Lessing-Othmer »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II (page inexistante)">Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" class="extiw" title="en:Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II »">(en)</span></a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin_postal" title="Pinyin postal">Pinyin postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_de_l%27EFEO" title="Romanisation de l'EFEO">Romanisation de l'EFEO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_Yale" title="Romanisation Yale">Romanisation Yale</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romanisation Wade-Giles</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Comparaison_des_syst%C3%A8mes_de_romanisation_du_chinois" title="Comparaison des systèmes de romanisation du chinois">Tableau comparatif</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonais" title="Cantonais">Cantonais</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></i> (粵拼)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_Barnett-Chao" title="Romanisation Barnett-Chao">Barnett-Chao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishima-shiki_hy%C5%8Dkih%C5%8D" title="Chishima-shiki hyōkihō"><i>Chishima-shiki</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_du_gouvernement_de_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanisation du gouvernement de Hong Kong (page inexistante)">Romanisation du gouvernement de Hong Kong</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Government_Cantonese_Romanisation" class="extiw" title="en:Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_du_Guangdong" title="Romanisation du Guangdong">Romanisation du Guangdong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_de_l%27Institut_d%27%C3%A9ducation" title="Romanisation de l'Institut d'éducation">ILE</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyer-Wempe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meyer-Wempe (page inexistante)">Meyer-Wempe</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer-Wempe" class="extiw" title="en:Meyer-Wempe"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Meyer-Wempe »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_du_minist%C3%A8re_de_l%27%C3%89ducation_de_Guangdong" title="Romanisation du ministère de l'Éducation de Guangdong">Pinyin cantonais</a> (廣州話拼音方案)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_Yale" title="Romanisation Yale">Romanisation Yale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanisation_Sidney_Lau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romanisation Sidney Lau (page inexistante)">Romanisation Sidney Lau</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney_Lau_romanisation" class="extiw" title="en:Sidney Lau romanisation"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Sidney Lau romanisation »">(en)</span></a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cantonais#Romanisations" title="Cantonais">Romanisation cantonaise</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Gan_(langue)" title="Gan (langue)">Gan</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><i><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-oa-chhi" title="Pha̍k-oa-chhi">Pha̍k-oa-chhi</a></i></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Hakka_(langue)" title="Hakka (langue)"> Hakka</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_de_transcription_du_hakka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan de transcription du hakka (page inexistante)">Plan de transcription du hakka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pha%CC%8Dk-fa-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Pha̍k-fa-sṳ">Pha̍k-fa-sṳ</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Minbei" title="Minbei">Minbei</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><a href="/wiki/Kienning_Colloquial_Romanized" title="Kienning Colloquial Romanized">Kienning Colloquial Romanized</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Mindong" title="Mindong">Mindong</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><a href="/wiki/Foochow_romanis%C3%A9" title="Foochow romanisé">Foochow romanisé</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Minnan" title="Minnan">Minnan</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><table class="navbox-subgroup" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/Hainanais" title="Hainanais">Dialecte hainanais</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plan_de_transcription_du_hainanais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plan de transcription du hainanais (page inexistante)">Plan de transcription du hainanais</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/Teochew_(dialecte)" title="Teochew (dialecte)">Dialecte teochew</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%AAh-u%C4%93-j%C4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pêh-uē-jī (page inexistante)">Pêh-uē-jī</a></i> (白话字)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peng%27im" title="Peng'im">Peng'im</a></i> (潮州话拼音方案)</li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:200px"><a href="/wiki/Minnan" title="Minnan">Minnan</a> et <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwanais" title="Taïwanais">dialecte taïwanais</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=";background:#ECECFF; text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">Pe̍h-ōe-jī</a></i> (白话字)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_romanisation_ta%C3%AFwanais" title="Système de romanisation taïwanais">Système de romanisation taïwanais</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Puxian" title="Puxian">Puxian</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><a href="/wiki/Hinghwa_romanis%C3%A9" title="Hinghwa romanisé">Hinghwa romanisé</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:100px;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_(langue)" title="Wu (langue)">Wu</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangha%C3%AFen" title="Shanghaïen">Dialecte shanghaïen</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Romanisation_du_wu" title="Romanisation du wu">Romanisation du wu</a></b></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail des langues"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/24px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/36px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg/48px-Iconoir_chat-bubble.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="24" data-file-height="24" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Langues" title="Portail:Langues">Portail des langues</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:R%C3%A9publique_populaire_de_Chine" title="Portail de la Chine"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/36px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/54px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/72px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a 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