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href="https://www.academia.edu/43539516/_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [Working Paper] Turkey's Refugee Politics: Mapping the use of migration as a policy tool from 1923 until present" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539516/_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present">[Working Paper] Turkey's Refugee Politics: Mapping the use of migration as a policy tool from 1923 until present</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper explores how success Turkish governments have used migration as a tool in their foreig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper explores how success Turkish governments have used migration as a tool in their foreign policy agenda by using past cases of refugee flows to Turkey covering a period between 1923 and 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43539516"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43539202/_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:38:45.081-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194892,"work_id":43539202,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":2125750,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***n@sabanciuniv.edu","affiliation":"Sabanci University","display_order":1,"name":"Berk Esen","title":"[Working Paper] Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies"},{"id":164626,"name":"Rentier State and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rentier_State_and_Politics"},{"id":985148,"name":"Syrian Refugee Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Refugee_Crisis"},{"id":2586147,"name":"Forms of politicization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forms_of_politicization"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Tazeen Qureshi</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28881097"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881097/Criminalizing_Domestic_Violence_in_Qatar_A_Case_Study_of_Student_Activism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60429968/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881097/Criminalizing_Domestic_Violence_in_Qatar_A_Case_Study_of_Student_Activism">Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi">Tazeen Qureshi</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShabeebAlRumaihi">Shabeeb Al Rumaihi</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://qu.academia.edu/SuadAshimi">Suad Ashimi</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YousefZakaria1">Yousef Zakaria</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings, Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)</span><span>, Mar 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. Recently, the alarming rise...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. Recently, the alarming rise in reported cases of domestic violence in Qatar has led to a national call to find an effective way to deal with the issue. This paper documents the efforts of a group of Qatar University students to do just that: draft legislation to criminalize domestic violence. The research project involves eight Qatar University male and female undergraduate students from five different countries (Bahrain, Pakistan, Egypt, Nigeria and Qatar), and three faculty members from different countries (Palestine, Egypt and Saudi Arabia).<br /><br />In order to determine the status of current societal and legal protection provided to victims of domestic violence, interviews were conducted with law enforcement authorities, judges, religious scholars/leaders, medical professionals and victims of domestic violence themselves. After analyzing the interviews, along with the official documentation provided by institutions (such as hospitals, police departments, and shelters) systematic weaknesses and legal loopholes were identified. A benchmarking of legislation in the Arab and Muslim world was then conducted in order to come up with a conceptual framework for a comprehensive protection system for female victims of domestic violence in Qatar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8befc74de90bfc12c98d2362f3b50126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60429968,"asset_id":28881097,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60429968/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28881097"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28881097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881097]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28881097']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28881097, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8befc74de90bfc12c98d2362f3b50126" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28881097]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28881097,"title":"Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5339/qfarc.2016.HBSP3330","issue":"HBSP3330","volume":"1","abstract":"Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. 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data-work-id="40002505"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey">Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Graduate Thesis</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]<br /><br />Abstract<br />This research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.<br /><br />Keywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b62663591e9327c920ef92aa6dcdd8c9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63852001,"asset_id":40002505,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40002505"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40002505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40002505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40002505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40002505]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40002505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40002505']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40002505, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b62663591e9327c920ef92aa6dcdd8c9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40002505]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40002505,"title":"Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]\n\nAbstract\nThis research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.\n\nKeywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Graduate Thesis"},"translated_abstract":"[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]\n\nAbstract\nThis research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.\n\nKeywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-08-03T01:34:37.946-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"thesis_chapter","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63852001,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63852001/Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1-libre.pdf?1594122757=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457426\u0026Signature=BzHTaYWAh8q23xDA-Ax-sP-UVzcQunuE~sGqJMRKOZS7vOpWGlDb5S8NuQ5wSJbmKDAzlOqeKgnv~ENotSjKMJhCD9HzmcEAZpfqqv6-qZESpC~AVbLtDgkvW9DSEfeqQoXCfyW-c8XcjRGOXH7jv2Ct0Wr7uYkQHUaMzDT9HrSqUZErbfeppFa8jg72YRxPYVz2RGpiE7n-rD60Y7SDerhavuAS~BnAhFrgc9NueQw0AJGNNUa73wiIeO6DnkGh5j9GuSlWzA8lkVtUtKT3qpZcu76b1ylMxhr3KU82C0aAVPUZuTl2iPXSi0v~k5DAHm2G00Ledh-PZ6iBVGO0OQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_slug":"","page_count":55,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63852001,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63852001/Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1-libre.pdf?1594122757=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457426\u0026Signature=BzHTaYWAh8q23xDA-Ax-sP-UVzcQunuE~sGqJMRKOZS7vOpWGlDb5S8NuQ5wSJbmKDAzlOqeKgnv~ENotSjKMJhCD9HzmcEAZpfqqv6-qZESpC~AVbLtDgkvW9DSEfeqQoXCfyW-c8XcjRGOXH7jv2Ct0Wr7uYkQHUaMzDT9HrSqUZErbfeppFa8jg72YRxPYVz2RGpiE7n-rD60Y7SDerhavuAS~BnAhFrgc9NueQw0AJGNNUa73wiIeO6DnkGh5j9GuSlWzA8lkVtUtKT3qpZcu76b1ylMxhr3KU82C0aAVPUZuTl2iPXSi0v~k5DAHm2G00Ledh-PZ6iBVGO0OQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4702,"name":"Case Study Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study_Research"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration"},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy"},{"id":3338891,"name":"Refugee Politicization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Politicization"},{"id":3338892,"name":"Refugee Label","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Label"},{"id":3338893,"name":"Refugee Rentierism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Rentierism"},{"id":3338894,"name":"Refugee Rentier States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Rentier_States"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28881125"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881125/Rethinking_Muslim_Women_s_Agency_in_the_Middle_East"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852251/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881125/Rethinking_Muslim_Women_s_Agency_in_the_Middle_East">Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]<br /><br />Agency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Measuring women’s agency is undertaken primarily using approaches and models developed in the Western world. Post structural theories challenge the use of Western approaches to study Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East. Using dominant Western models, Muslim women are often shown to have little agency. This study challenges this notion by using primary and secondary sources. <br /><br />Using secondary sources, this study looks at cross-cultural theories of agency, including Burke’s four approaches to agency in gender traditional religions. For the primary source, raw data was extracted from the third wave of Arab Barometer Surveys conducted of 3,792 women in the Middle East, via face-to-face interviews, by Arab Reform Initiative between 2012 and 2014. Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. <br /><br />The major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. These findings challenge the perception that Muslim women have little agency because they are passive victims of patriarchy and religion in the Middle East. <br /><br />Locally, Muslim women’s agency is vital to their own welfare, their family’s welfare, and their societies welfare. Regionally, collective agency can result in improvement of social structure, policies, and traditional gender norms across the region. Globally, re-defining agency to suite culturally specific societies can clarify the role of religion in women’s lives. This study is an important addition to the literature on the subject of Muslim women and agency.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="63c5cfc2ad8f158749540a0e52a9e2d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63852251,"asset_id":28881125,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852251/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28881125"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28881125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881125]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28881125']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28881125, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "63c5cfc2ad8f158749540a0e52a9e2d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28881125]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28881125,"title":"Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]\n\nAgency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Measuring women’s agency is undertaken primarily using approaches and models developed in the Western world. Post structural theories challenge the use of Western approaches to study Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East. Using dominant Western models, Muslim women are often shown to have little agency. This study challenges this notion by using primary and secondary sources. \n\nUsing secondary sources, this study looks at cross-cultural theories of agency, including Burke’s four approaches to agency in gender traditional religions. For the primary source, raw data was extracted from the third wave of Arab Barometer Surveys conducted of 3,792 women in the Middle East, via face-to-face interviews, by Arab Reform Initiative between 2012 and 2014. Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. \n\nThe major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. These findings challenge the perception that Muslim women have little agency because they are passive victims of patriarchy and religion in the Middle East. \n\nLocally, Muslim women’s agency is vital to their own welfare, their family’s welfare, and their societies welfare. Regionally, collective agency can result in improvement of social structure, policies, and traditional gender norms across the region. Globally, re-defining agency to suite culturally specific societies can clarify the role of religion in women’s lives. This study is an important addition to the literature on the subject of Muslim women and agency. ","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis"},"translated_abstract":"[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]\n\nAgency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Measuring women’s agency is undertaken primarily using approaches and models developed in the Western world. Post structural theories challenge the use of Western approaches to study Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East. Using dominant Western models, Muslim women are often shown to have little agency. This study challenges this notion by using primary and secondary sources. \n\nUsing secondary sources, this study looks at cross-cultural theories of agency, including Burke’s four approaches to agency in gender traditional religions. For the primary source, raw data was extracted from the third wave of Arab Barometer Surveys conducted of 3,792 women in the Middle East, via face-to-face interviews, by Arab Reform Initiative between 2012 and 2014. Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. \n\nThe major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. These findings challenge the perception that Muslim women have little agency because they are passive victims of patriarchy and religion in the Middle East. \n\nLocally, Muslim women’s agency is vital to their own welfare, their family’s welfare, and their societies welfare. Regionally, collective agency can result in improvement of social structure, policies, and traditional gender norms across the region. Globally, re-defining agency to suite culturally specific societies can clarify the role of religion in women’s lives. This study is an important addition to the literature on the subject of Muslim women and agency. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Conference Presentations" id="Conference Presentations"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Conference Presentations by Tazeen Qureshi</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44106642"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44106642/Panel_4_Young_Women_Entrepreneurs_Challenges_Solutions_and_Prospects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Panel 4: Young Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges, Solutions, and Prospects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64454178/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44106642/Panel_4_Young_Women_Entrepreneurs_Challenges_Solutions_and_Prospects">Panel 4: Young Women Entrepreneurs: Challenges, Solutions, and Prospects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presented at ICYF and UNIDO-Bahrain's 4-Day Online Program on Young Women Entrepreneurs as Driver...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presented at ICYF and UNIDO-Bahrain's 4-Day Online Program on Young Women Entrepreneurs as Drivers of DGS.<br /><br />Organizers: ICYF and UNIDO-Bahrain.<br />Dates: 14-17 September 2020<br />Venue: Zoom<br />URL: <a href="https://www.icyforum.org/" rel="nofollow">https://www.icyforum.org/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3be82740031e229102c455ef8963ab49" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64454178,"asset_id":44106642,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64454178/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44106642"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44106642"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44106642; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44106642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44106642]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44106642; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44106642']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44106642, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44066759"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44066759/Conference_Presentation_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Conference Presentation - Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/64454162/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44066759/Conference_Presentation_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey">Conference Presentation - Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presented at The Migration Conference 2020. Organizers: The Migration Conference Organizing Comm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presented at The Migration Conference 2020.<br /><br />Organizers: The Migration Conference Organizing Committee supported by Migration Letters, Transnational Press London, UK and Faculty of Contemporary Social Sciences, South East European University.<br />Dates: 8-11 September 2020<br />Venue: Tetovo, North Macedonia/Zoom<br />URL: <a href="https://www.migrationconference.net/" rel="nofollow">https://www.migrationconference.net/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="420e347697142818da78e5a37c19dbe3" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":64454162,"asset_id":44066759,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64454162/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44066759"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44066759"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44066759; 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Organizers: Minist...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presented at the Ally for Future 2019 Leadership Program on behalf of SESRIC.<br /><br />Organizers: Ministry of Family, Labour and Social Services of the Republic of Turkey<br />Dates: 13-20 December 2019<br />Venue: Crowne Plaza Harbiye, Istanbul, Turkey<br />URL: <a href="http://ally4future.org/" rel="nofollow">http://ally4future.org/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0df7a8dfd3141a00dd38defa853351e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" 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src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63861159/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43551220/Conference_Presentation_Developing_Legal_Reforms_to_Reduce_Domestic_Violence_in_Qatar">Conference Presentation: Developing Legal Reforms to Reduce Domestic Violence in Qatar</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Presented at the International Conference on Gender and "The Law": Limits, Contestations and Beyo...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Presented at the International 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Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence"},{"id":7552,"name":"Legal Reform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Reform"},{"id":15552,"name":"Domestic Violence (Law)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence_Law_"},{"id":46065,"name":"Qatar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Qatar"},{"id":3705778,"name":"UREP","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/UREP"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Reports" id="Reports"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Reports by Tazeen Qureshi</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="45075777"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/45075777/Chapter_2_Employment_and_Entrepreneurship"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65633149/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45075777/Chapter_2_Employment_and_Entrepreneurship">Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhanc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Employment and Entrepreneurship [Chapter 3]. In SESRIC, State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth (pp. 19-28). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf</a> <br /><br />Abstract<br />The labour market conditions in many OIC Member States are not very promising for youth. High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The overall entrepreneurship ecosystem for youth is not very much enabling in many OIC Member States. These stem from amongst others limited access to finance and the prevalence of informal economy. Unemployment and lack of decent wages are amongst the major determinants of youth migration that impedes the socio economic development of OIC Member States. In this regard, OIC Member States need to address the root causes of high youth unemployment, low labour force participation rates as well as to eliminate existing gender gaps. Moreover, policies to improve the youth entrepreneurship ecosystem need to be developed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f9fb0329a009cc1c94eda7b4dbc38cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65633149,"asset_id":45075777,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65633149/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45075777"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45075777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075777]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45075777']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45075777, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9f9fb0329a009cc1c94eda7b4dbc38cf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45075777]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45075777,"title":"Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2020). Employment and Entrepreneurship [Chapter 3]. In SESRIC, State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth (pp. 19-28). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf \n\nAbstract\nThe labour market conditions in many OIC Member States are not very promising for youth. High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. 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High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The overall entrepreneurship ecosystem for youth is not very much enabling in many OIC Member States. These stem from amongst others limited access to finance and the prevalence of informal economy. Unemployment and lack of decent wages are amongst the major determinants of youth migration that impedes the socio economic development of OIC Member States. 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(2020). Food Security [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 (pp. 34-51). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=515" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=515</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Eradication of hunger and malnutrition and making households more food secure are basic human rights protected under various international conventions and policy platforms and clearly emphasized in both the UN SDGs and the OIC-2025 Programme of Action. Hosting almost 175.98 million undernourished people, the challenge of food security in OIC countries takes on an added importance because it affects their overall developmental trajectory in both the short- and the long-terms. However, policies and programs aimed at ensuring food security often fail to realize the critical importance of tailoring interventions to national needs. Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. This in turn can prove catastrophic for food availability, access, stability, and utilization.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="56022d99ff52ea4f60abd2e215eea5ea" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65633130,"asset_id":45075763,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65633130/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45075763"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45075763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075763]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45075763']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45075763, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "56022d99ff52ea4f60abd2e215eea5ea" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45075763]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45075763,"title":"Chapter 4 - Food Security","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. 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Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. 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Hosting almost 175.98 million undernourished people, the challenge of food security in OIC countries takes on an added importance because it affects their overall developmental trajectory in both the short- and the long-terms. However, policies and programs aimed at ensuring food security often fail to realize the critical importance of tailoring interventions to national needs. Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43539044"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_">Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC M...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].<br /><br />Cite as: <br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Education<br />One of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.<br />Throughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. <br /><br />Refugees and Migrants<br />Experts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. <br /><br />However, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="668e746b7d2964e1493e8d5a0a4543e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850751,"asset_id":43539044,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43539044"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43539044"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539044; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43539044]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43539044]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539044; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43539044']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43539044, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "668e746b7d2964e1493e8d5a0a4543e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43539044]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43539044,"title":"Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as: \nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nAbstract\nEducation\nOne of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.\nThroughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. \n\nRefugees and Migrants\nExperts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. \n\nHowever, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as: \nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nAbstract\nEducation\nOne of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.\nThroughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. \n\nRefugees and Migrants\nExperts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. \n\nHowever, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:11:25.119-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850751,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850751/Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1-libre.pdf?1594177021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf\u0026Expires=1732387483\u0026Signature=Q8Wyn7k4fKbSzmZ6juZgPg9H9vHf6i-IgFiomDWxK5ei84~2Z2nCvOOlq3xp8ngUcsDkSUotHVOwhGt7hb-7cdRxCqP1yA2PeMbb4rkRpy8dGk5w864WnQ6sjXNp~3Rr2vGvTb-Rr371-icYn64trKQnHH8~JSZTUmVFxyPXkweZ~brK5YncdthzBH61KArdkx0jxbwhhpf8T8RCwBQ6PY2SgfbC7NhOHagiUOGgh94PdERi6y1Py3SHa9z3zR7o1p~YyrGDjX9~zqh2UeSATlq0qwiD9E828QJe5IWT3EXdt8Ka42HIo4I3xLL-Rh3O8nE0uqLlP1jFLvaw8PfVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850751,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850751/Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1-libre.pdf?1594177021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf\u0026Expires=1732387483\u0026Signature=Q8Wyn7k4fKbSzmZ6juZgPg9H9vHf6i-IgFiomDWxK5ei84~2Z2nCvOOlq3xp8ngUcsDkSUotHVOwhGt7hb-7cdRxCqP1yA2PeMbb4rkRpy8dGk5w864WnQ6sjXNp~3Rr2vGvTb-Rr371-icYn64trKQnHH8~JSZTUmVFxyPXkweZ~brK5YncdthzBH61KArdkx0jxbwhhpf8T8RCwBQ6PY2SgfbC7NhOHagiUOGgh94PdERi6y1Py3SHa9z3zR7o1p~YyrGDjX9~zqh2UeSATlq0qwiD9E828QJe5IWT3EXdt8Ka42HIo4I3xLL-Rh3O8nE0uqLlP1jFLvaw8PfVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC"},{"id":3681023,"name":"COVID-19 Impact on Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_Impact_on_Education"},{"id":3704894,"name":"COVID-19 Impact on Refugees and Migrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_Impact_on_Refugees_and_Migrants"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538973"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition">Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Health Report 2019</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain]. Cite...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491</a><br /><br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Chapter 2<br />According to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. In order to deliver, however, health system requires robust financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies, well-maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies (WHO, 2014). In general, health system strengthening encompasses all those actions, activities and measures that aim to improve the situation regarding aforementioned building blocks of health system in a country/region. In the light of this understanding, this section evaluates the performance of the health systems in OIC countries in terms of health financing, workforce and infrastructure.<br /><br />Chapter 4<br />Health is vital for the well-being of all human beings. According to WHO, health does not only mean an absence of illness or disease, but it is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="218df6a0beb71fc8b6f7607160f5d28b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850672,"asset_id":43538973,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538973"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538973; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538973]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538973; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538973']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538973, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "218df6a0beb71fc8b6f7607160f5d28b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538973]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538973,"title":"Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. 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Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Health Report 2019"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. In order to deliver, however, health system requires robust financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies, well-maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies (WHO, 2014). In general, health system strengthening encompasses all those actions, activities and measures that aim to improve the situation regarding aforementioned building blocks of health system in a country/region. In the light of this understanding, this section evaluates the performance of the health systems in OIC countries in terms of health financing, workforce and infrastructure.\n\nChapter 4\nHealth is vital for the well-being of all human beings. According to WHO, health does not only mean an absence of illness or disease, but it is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:03:08.176-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194768,"work_id":43538973,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7064087,"email":"m***n@sesric.org","display_order":1,"name":"Mazhar Hussain","title":"Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850672,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850672/OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1-libre.pdf?1594205016=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457427\u0026Signature=BK12g14VJPyAYL5MqqqF5cwFjufMgBkN5WASX4rcosle4nY3~mZG2whV8d1NU-JC51TLYmEND8WhMH3fwjjP2~KlTm7bLsrlCvOuZH8h47P3jHPR7S2jNv271D5ZYlIGKXpZ5C7-oieuhcvrFrqL7gRGqIDcF3NpbMkXJcw94z6t-WMLCQUV0tjq3iSPK2n8gIFYFQkAj14riuEyKQG3FaAYkoeq4U~a8uJKP-lqR9JmjnlFsgKtdOAKNOlisydKMm-dU1qFiuc4hpq~rTSova43nBuhJ58Synnt6-0KBDuHRxQA7TKvQNYGodT32UOlIzV9ySCQWRl7SD9~lTFC5g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition","translated_slug":"","page_count":45,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850672,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850672/OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1-libre.pdf?1594205016=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457427\u0026Signature=BK12g14VJPyAYL5MqqqF5cwFjufMgBkN5WASX4rcosle4nY3~mZG2whV8d1NU-JC51TLYmEND8WhMH3fwjjP2~KlTm7bLsrlCvOuZH8h47P3jHPR7S2jNv271D5ZYlIGKXpZ5C7-oieuhcvrFrqL7gRGqIDcF3NpbMkXJcw94z6t-WMLCQUV0tjq3iSPK2n8gIFYFQkAj14riuEyKQG3FaAYkoeq4U~a8uJKP-lqR9JmjnlFsgKtdOAKNOlisydKMm-dU1qFiuc4hpq~rTSova43nBuhJ58Synnt6-0KBDuHRxQA7TKvQNYGodT32UOlIzV9ySCQWRl7SD9~lTFC5g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy"},{"id":43746,"name":"Health Systems Strengthening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Systems_Strengthening"},{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":987298,"name":"Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538944"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850628/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients">Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />While inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. <br /><br />Ideally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources.<br /><br />There are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. The choice of particular policy, instrument or strategy employed to manage conflict is largely at the discretion of the parties to the conflict – albeit somewhat influenced by the surrounding conditions. In light of this, this chapter is dedicated to the key ingredients and the methods most commonly associated with the management of conflicts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f73b3f5459e799ea36ef18c679d24707" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850628,"asset_id":43538944,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850628/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538944"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538944]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538944']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538944, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f73b3f5459e799ea36ef18c679d24707" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538944]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538944,"title":"Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf\n\nAbstract\nWhile inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. \n\nIdeally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. 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A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. \n\nIdeally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources.\n\nThere are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538730"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision">Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Coope...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />In 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25869739e9b7ae3a91a1016680c0adfb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850466,"asset_id":43538730,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538730"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538730"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538730; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538730]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538730; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538730']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538730, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25869739e9b7ae3a91a1016680c0adfb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538730]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538730,"title":"Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf\n\nAbstract\nIn 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf\n\nAbstract\nIn 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T01:36:57.901-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194718,"work_id":43538730,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7064087,"email":"m***n@sesric.org","display_order":1,"name":"Mazhar Hussain","title":"Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850466/OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0-libre.pdf?1594111633=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457428\u0026Signature=T4iTdDz8znbRIaqj8u4PSSGmcA8UqJrZG8FawlJgbjYmsQ-x8CSOUbkY3j5hqfQRUfZA52cPfTkfcKHekGljVoRZx9Cwtgk9w1H49hLHLKbqfL6iw7Trp8ZTYmfYOJjLebXgufbzRBgUvJuR4eMeT9i-I6kjgs7Z2ME-ZhEzsZ6TXZ4Ks2ybBTn3D2QVZ-bGvs~PIcqispSPTRJJVz~5jHWZc1PjXCZ493NX1tF4ssD25-TnlQNFBPd7ev4n5Nhjby4YEdFJ1956midQtkbwguBlenYv~G-vlW8Y0Pssz1lcRQNZIcfUfAig8PVUqUJn-407Fx-VJtIlZ8R9t1AyeQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850466/OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0-libre.pdf?1594111633=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457428\u0026Signature=T4iTdDz8znbRIaqj8u4PSSGmcA8UqJrZG8FawlJgbjYmsQ-x8CSOUbkY3j5hqfQRUfZA52cPfTkfcKHekGljVoRZx9Cwtgk9w1H49hLHLKbqfL6iw7Trp8ZTYmfYOJjLebXgufbzRBgUvJuR4eMeT9i-I6kjgs7Z2ME-ZhEzsZ6TXZ4Ks2ybBTn3D2QVZ-bGvs~PIcqispSPTRJJVz~5jHWZc1PjXCZ493NX1tF4ssD25-TnlQNFBPd7ev4n5Nhjby4YEdFJ1956midQtkbwguBlenYv~G-vlW8Y0Pssz1lcRQNZIcfUfAig8PVUqUJn-407Fx-VJtIlZ8R9t1AyeQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources"},{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy"},{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":3704870,"name":"OIC Water Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC_Water_Vision"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538221"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538221/Chapter_2_Women_and_Education_Chapter_6_Women_and_Decision_Making_Chapter_8_Key_Challenges_of_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_OIC_Countries_Chapter_9_Success_Stories_from_Selected_OIC_Countries_on_Women_Entrepreneurship_and_Chapter_10_Policy_Implications_on_Enhancing_Women_Entrepreneurship"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850227/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538221/Chapter_2_Women_and_Education_Chapter_6_Women_and_Decision_Making_Chapter_8_Key_Challenges_of_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_OIC_Countries_Chapter_9_Success_Stories_from_Selected_OIC_Countries_on_Women_Entrepreneurship_and_Chapter_10_Policy_Implications_on_Enhancing_Women_Entrepreneurship">Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepren...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Kosger, A. S. & Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Tintin, C., Kosger, A. S., & Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Chapter 2<br />Education is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.<br /><br />Chapter 6<br />Women in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.<br /><br />Chapter 8<br />To ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.<br /><br />Chapter 9<br />The selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. These initiatives range from policies aiming to ease women entrepreneurs’ access to finance, eliminating discriminatory financial practices against women entrepreneurs in financial sector, improving livelihoods, environments, and communities through the formation of cooperatives as a part of social entrepreneurship, and enhancing women entrepreneurship through public-private sector partnerships.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87432c1bf5e3cb4a017e434865ec3577" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850227,"asset_id":43538221,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850227/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538221]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538221']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538221, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "87432c1bf5e3cb4a017e434865ec3577" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538221]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538221,"title":"Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nKosger, A. S. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nTintin, C., Kosger, A. S., \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nEducation is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.\n\nChapter 6\nWomen in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.\n\nChapter 8\nTo ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.\n\nChapter 9\nThe selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. These initiatives range from policies aiming to ease women entrepreneurs’ access to finance, eliminating discriminatory financial practices against women entrepreneurs in financial sector, improving livelihoods, environments, and communities through the formation of cooperatives as a part of social entrepreneurship, and enhancing women entrepreneurship through public-private sector partnerships.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nKosger, A. S. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nTintin, C., Kosger, A. S., \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nEducation is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.\n\nChapter 6\nWomen in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.\n\nChapter 8\nTo ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.\n\nChapter 9\nThe selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. 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Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850156/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538097/Chapter_2_Elderly_Demographics_Past_Current_and_Future_Trends_and_Chapter_4_Institutions_for_the_Elderly">Chapter 2 - Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin]. <br /><br />Cite as: <br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Elderly demographics: Past, current, and future trends [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 6-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf</a> <br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Institutions for the elderly [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 27-38). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf</a> <br /><br />Abstract:<br />Chapter 2<br />Over the recent decades, ageing has resulted in an increase in the proportion of elderly and a decrease in the proportion of youth. While, rapid ageing has been a common occurrence in developed countries for the a few decades, it has only recently gained momentum in OIC and non-OIC developing countries. Rapid ageing has significant social and economic impacts that require immediate policy responses. In response to rapid ageing, one of the most important policy requirements for OIC countries is to ensure social and economic well-being of elderly. In this regard, this section provides an overview of elderly demographics in OIC countries in comparison to non-OIC developing countries, and developed countries. It highlights the demographics determinants of ageing, changes in population structure between 1990 and 2017, and elderly participation in the labour force.<br /><br />Chapter 4<br />In many countries, elderly people are excluded from the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes. An important way to prevent this from happening is to develop institutions and mechanisms that represent elderly people’s interests.<br />In order to bring the issue of ageing to the fore, governments have to recognize the importance of dealing with these challenges using national development policies. Policies aimed at the elderly will impact the future generations advertently. In this context, the following section highlights the issues of social integration and participation of older people, national level policy analysis of older population, human rights, and pension funds for elderly.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0676bd4c92a014d70155ae837e3179fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850156,"asset_id":43538097,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850156/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538097"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538097]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538097']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538097, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0676bd4c92a014d70155ae837e3179fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538097]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538097,"title":"Chapter 2 - Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin]. \n\nCite as: \t\nQureshi, T. (2018). Elderly demographics: Past, current, and future trends [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 6-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf \n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Institutions for the elderly [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 27-38). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf \n\nAbstract:\nChapter 2\nOver the recent decades, ageing has resulted in an increase in the proportion of elderly and a decrease in the proportion of youth. While, rapid ageing has been a common occurrence in developed countries for the a few decades, it has only recently gained momentum in OIC and non-OIC developing countries. Rapid ageing has significant social and economic impacts that require immediate policy responses. 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It highlights the demographics determinants of ageing, changes in population structure between 1990 and 2017, and elderly participation in the labour force.\n\nChapter 4\nIn many countries, elderly people are excluded from the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes. An important way to prevent this from happening is to develop institutions and mechanisms that represent elderly people’s interests.\nIn order to bring the issue of ageing to the fore, governments have to recognize the importance of dealing with these challenges using national development policies. Policies aimed at the elderly will impact the future generations advertently. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10515284" id="workingpapers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43539516"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539516/_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [Working Paper] Turkey's Refugee Politics: Mapping the use of migration as a policy tool from 1923 until present" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539516/_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present">[Working Paper] Turkey's Refugee Politics: Mapping the use of migration as a policy tool from 1923 until present</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper explores how success Turkish governments have used migration as a tool in their foreig...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper explores how success Turkish governments have used migration as a tool in their foreign policy agenda by using past cases of refugee flows to Turkey covering a period between 1923 and 2019.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43539516"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43539516"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539516; 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","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43539516/_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T03:03:22.575-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194985,"work_id":43539516,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":2125750,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***n@sabanciuniv.edu","affiliation":"Sabanci University","display_order":1,"name":"Berk Esen","title":"[Working Paper] Turkey's Refugee Politics: Mapping the use of migration as a policy tool from 1923 until present"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Working_Paper_Turkeys_Refugee_Politics_Mapping_the_use_of_migration_as_a_policy_tool_from_1923_until_present","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy"},{"id":2125684,"name":"Syrian Refugees in Turkey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43539202"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539202/_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [Working Paper] Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539202/_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey">[Working Paper] Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Given that the ‘refugee’ issue is now a highly politicized and conflict-ridden topic in Turkey, t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Given that the ‘refugee’ issue is now a highly politicized and conflict-ridden topic in Turkey, this paper makes a compelling contribution to the literature on conflict, migration and foreign policy.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43539202"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43539202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539202; 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","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43539202/_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:38:45.081-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194892,"work_id":43539202,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":2125750,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"b***n@sabanciuniv.edu","affiliation":"Sabanci University","display_order":1,"name":"Berk Esen","title":"[Working Paper] Politics of Refugee Rentierism: The Case of Syrian Refugees in Turkey"}],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Working_Paper_Politics_of_Refugee_Rentierism_The_Case_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":2835,"name":"Refugee Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Studies"},{"id":14730,"name":"Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Migration_Studies"},{"id":48036,"name":"International Migration and Immigration Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration_and_Immigration_Policy"},{"id":134693,"name":"Refugees and Forced Migration Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugees_and_Forced_Migration_Studies"},{"id":164626,"name":"Rentier State and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rentier_State_and_Politics"},{"id":985148,"name":"Syrian Refugee Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Syrian_Refugee_Crisis"},{"id":2586147,"name":"Forms of politicization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forms_of_politicization"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="5910480" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28881097"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881097/Criminalizing_Domestic_Violence_in_Qatar_A_Case_Study_of_Student_Activism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/60429968/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881097/Criminalizing_Domestic_Violence_in_Qatar_A_Case_Study_of_Student_Activism">Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi">Tazeen Qureshi</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ShabeebAlRumaihi">Shabeeb Al Rumaihi</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://qu.academia.edu/SuadAshimi">Suad Ashimi</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YousefZakaria1">Yousef Zakaria</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings, Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)</span><span>, Mar 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. Recently, the alarming rise...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. Recently, the alarming rise in reported cases of domestic violence in Qatar has led to a national call to find an effective way to deal with the issue. This paper documents the efforts of a group of Qatar University students to do just that: draft legislation to criminalize domestic violence. The research project involves eight Qatar University male and female undergraduate students from five different countries (Bahrain, Pakistan, Egypt, Nigeria and Qatar), and three faculty members from different countries (Palestine, Egypt and Saudi Arabia).<br /><br />In order to determine the status of current societal and legal protection provided to victims of domestic violence, interviews were conducted with law enforcement authorities, judges, religious scholars/leaders, medical professionals and victims of domestic violence themselves. After analyzing the interviews, along with the official documentation provided by institutions (such as hospitals, police departments, and shelters) systematic weaknesses and legal loopholes were identified. A benchmarking of legislation in the Arab and Muslim world was then conducted in order to come up with a conceptual framework for a comprehensive protection system for female victims of domestic violence in Qatar.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8befc74de90bfc12c98d2362f3b50126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":60429968,"asset_id":28881097,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60429968/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28881097"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28881097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881097]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28881097']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28881097, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8befc74de90bfc12c98d2362f3b50126" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28881097]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28881097,"title":"Criminalizing Domestic Violence in Qatar: A Case Study of Student Activism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.5339/qfarc.2016.HBSP3330","issue":"HBSP3330","volume":"1","abstract":"Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. Recently, the alarming rise in reported cases of domestic violence in Qatar has led to a national call to find an effective way to deal with the issue. This paper documents the efforts of a group of Qatar University students to do just that: draft legislation to criminalize domestic violence. The research project involves eight Qatar University male and female undergraduate students from five different countries (Bahrain, Pakistan, Egypt, Nigeria and Qatar), and three faculty members from different countries (Palestine, Egypt and Saudi Arabia).\n\nIn order to determine the status of current societal and legal protection provided to victims of domestic violence, interviews were conducted with law enforcement authorities, judges, religious scholars/leaders, medical professionals and victims of domestic violence themselves. After analyzing the interviews, along with the official documentation provided by institutions (such as hospitals, police departments, and shelters) systematic weaknesses and legal loopholes were identified. A benchmarking of legislation in the Arab and Muslim world was then conducted in order to come up with a conceptual framework for a comprehensive protection system for female victims of domestic violence in Qatar.","location":"Doha, Qatar","publisher":"Unpublished","organization":"Qatar Foundation","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":3,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings, Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)","conference_end_date":{"day":23,"month":3,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"conference_start_date":{"day":22,"month":3,"year":2016,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Globally, gender based violence effects one out of every three women. 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class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey">Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Graduate Thesis</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]<br /><br />Abstract<br />This research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.<br /><br />Keywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b62663591e9327c920ef92aa6dcdd8c9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63852001,"asset_id":40002505,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="40002505"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40002505"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40002505; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40002505]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40002505]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40002505; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='40002505']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40002505, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b62663591e9327c920ef92aa6dcdd8c9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=40002505]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":40002505,"title":"Fractioning the Refugee Label - A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in Turkey","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]\n\nAbstract\nThis research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.\n\nKeywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Graduate Thesis"},"translated_abstract":"[Introduction and Conclusion chapters of my graduate thesis on 'Fractioning the Refugee Label - A case study of Syrian refugees in Turkey supervised by Dr. Berk Esen at Bilkent University]\n\nAbstract\nThis research analyzes Turkey’s national asylum policies to determine if they result in the fractioning of the refugee label – as theorized by Roger Zetter. Fractioning of the refugee label occurs when states utilize legal and bureaucratic measures that are based on arbitrary or discriminatory requisites to restrict and exclude selected individuals from claiming unconditional refugee status within their territory. Refugees who suffer the consequences of disjunctive labels are unable to obtain legal status in the host country, unable to permanently settle or integrate in host society, and cannot avail the full gamut of rights accorded to them by the 1951 Refugee Convention – as in the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. The question then arises as to why Turkey continues to host the largest refugee population in the world since 2013, even when it does not legally recognize Syrians as refugees and has no obligation towards them under the 1951 Refugee Convention. One finding is that Turkey’s approach towards the Syrian refugee crisis has been somewhat myopic since the beginning. This is evident from Turkish government’s changing stances on Syrian ‘guests’ and the impromptu laws that have been adopted since 2011. A second finding is that Turkey continues to host Syrian refugees for opportunistic foreign policy reasons. This is evident from Turkey’s recent bout of ‘refugee rentierism’ – as theorized by Gerasimos Tsourapas – where Turkey is using its geo-strategic location and its large refugee population as a resource to extract strategic rent from the European Union through blackmail.\n\nKeywords: International Migration, Foreign Policy, Refugee Politicization, Refugee Labelling, Refugee Rentier States, Turkey, Syrians, Case Study","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40002505/Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2019-08-03T01:34:37.946-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"thesis_chapter","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63852001,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63852001/Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1-libre.pdf?1594122757=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457426\u0026Signature=BzHTaYWAh8q23xDA-Ax-sP-UVzcQunuE~sGqJMRKOZS7vOpWGlDb5S8NuQ5wSJbmKDAzlOqeKgnv~ENotSjKMJhCD9HzmcEAZpfqqv6-qZESpC~AVbLtDgkvW9DSEfeqQoXCfyW-c8XcjRGOXH7jv2Ct0Wr7uYkQHUaMzDT9HrSqUZErbfeppFa8jg72YRxPYVz2RGpiE7n-rD60Y7SDerhavuAS~BnAhFrgc9NueQw0AJGNNUa73wiIeO6DnkGh5j9GuSlWzA8lkVtUtKT3qpZcu76b1ylMxhr3KU82C0aAVPUZuTl2iPXSi0v~k5DAHm2G00Ledh-PZ6iBVGO0OQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Study_of_Syrian_Refugees_in_Turkey","translated_slug":"","page_count":55,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63852001,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852001/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852001/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63852001/Tazeen_Qureshi_-_Fractioning_the_Refugee_Label_1_1-libre.pdf?1594122757=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DFractioning_the_Refugee_Label_A_Case_Stu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457426\u0026Signature=BzHTaYWAh8q23xDA-Ax-sP-UVzcQunuE~sGqJMRKOZS7vOpWGlDb5S8NuQ5wSJbmKDAzlOqeKgnv~ENotSjKMJhCD9HzmcEAZpfqqv6-qZESpC~AVbLtDgkvW9DSEfeqQoXCfyW-c8XcjRGOXH7jv2Ct0Wr7uYkQHUaMzDT9HrSqUZErbfeppFa8jg72YRxPYVz2RGpiE7n-rD60Y7SDerhavuAS~BnAhFrgc9NueQw0AJGNNUa73wiIeO6DnkGh5j9GuSlWzA8lkVtUtKT3qpZcu76b1ylMxhr3KU82C0aAVPUZuTl2iPXSi0v~k5DAHm2G00Ledh-PZ6iBVGO0OQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4702,"name":"Case Study Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Study_Research"},{"id":11203,"name":"International Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Migration"},{"id":17717,"name":"Turkish Foreign Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_Foreign_Policy"},{"id":3338891,"name":"Refugee Politicization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Politicization"},{"id":3338892,"name":"Refugee Label","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Label"},{"id":3338893,"name":"Refugee Rentierism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Rentierism"},{"id":3338894,"name":"Refugee Rentier States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refugee_Rentier_States"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="28881125"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881125/Rethinking_Muslim_Women_s_Agency_in_the_Middle_East"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63852251/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/28881125/Rethinking_Muslim_Women_s_Agency_in_the_Middle_East">Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bac...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]<br /><br />Agency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Measuring women’s agency is undertaken primarily using approaches and models developed in the Western world. Post structural theories challenge the use of Western approaches to study Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East. Using dominant Western models, Muslim women are often shown to have little agency. This study challenges this notion by using primary and secondary sources. <br /><br />Using secondary sources, this study looks at cross-cultural theories of agency, including Burke’s four approaches to agency in gender traditional religions. For the primary source, raw data was extracted from the third wave of Arab Barometer Surveys conducted of 3,792 women in the Middle East, via face-to-face interviews, by Arab Reform Initiative between 2012 and 2014. Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. <br /><br />The major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. These findings challenge the perception that Muslim women have little agency because they are passive victims of patriarchy and religion in the Middle East. <br /><br />Locally, Muslim women’s agency is vital to their own welfare, their family’s welfare, and their societies welfare. Regionally, collective agency can result in improvement of social structure, policies, and traditional gender norms across the region. Globally, re-defining agency to suite culturally specific societies can clarify the role of religion in women’s lives. This study is an important addition to the literature on the subject of Muslim women and agency.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="63c5cfc2ad8f158749540a0e52a9e2d5" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63852251,"asset_id":28881125,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63852251/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="28881125"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28881125"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881125; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881125]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28881125]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28881125; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='28881125']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28881125, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "63c5cfc2ad8f158749540a0e52a9e2d5" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=28881125]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":28881125,"title":"Rethinking Muslim Women’s Agency in the Middle East","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]\n\nAgency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. 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Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. \n\nThe major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. 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","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2016,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis"},"translated_abstract":"[Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors degree for Bachelors of Arts in International Affairs, supervised by Dr. Ahmed Ibrahim]\n\nAgency is an individual’s (or group’s) ability to make effective choices and to transform those choices into desired outcomes. Measuring women’s agency is undertaken primarily using approaches and models developed in the Western world. Post structural theories challenge the use of Western approaches to study Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East. Using dominant Western models, Muslim women are often shown to have little agency. This study challenges this notion by using primary and secondary sources. \n\nUsing secondary sources, this study looks at cross-cultural theories of agency, including Burke’s four approaches to agency in gender traditional religions. For the primary source, raw data was extracted from the third wave of Arab Barometer Surveys conducted of 3,792 women in the Middle East, via face-to-face interviews, by Arab Reform Initiative between 2012 and 2014. Using this data, the study measures Muslim women’s agency in the Middle East against the World Bank’s five categories of outcomes of agency. \n\nThe major findings show that there is a difference in Muslim women in the Middle East and in the GCC. According to the findings, Muslim women in the Middle East are better off in terms of their ability to move freely, control over resources, and ability to have a voice in society and influence policy, as compared to Muslim women in the GCC. At the same time, women’s ability to make decisions over family information and their freedom from risk of violence is unsatisfactory in the GCC as well as in the Middle East. Supplemental findings show that majority of women would prefer a stricter application of religious laws, a separation of religion (private) from social and political life, and a preference for modest clothing without the necessity of veil. These findings challenge the perception that Muslim women have little agency because they are passive victims of patriarchy and religion in the Middle East. \n\nLocally, Muslim women’s agency is vital to their own welfare, their family’s welfare, and their societies welfare. Regionally, collective agency can result in improvement of social structure, policies, and traditional gender norms across the region. Globally, re-defining agency to suite culturally specific societies can clarify the role of religion in women’s lives. This study is an important addition to the literature on the subject of Muslim women and agency. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/45075777/Chapter_2_Employment_and_Entrepreneurship"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65633149/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/45075777/Chapter_2_Employment_and_Entrepreneurship">Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhanc...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Employment and Entrepreneurship [Chapter 3]. In SESRIC, State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth (pp. 19-28). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf</a> <br /><br />Abstract<br />The labour market conditions in many OIC Member States are not very promising for youth. High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The overall entrepreneurship ecosystem for youth is not very much enabling in many OIC Member States. These stem from amongst others limited access to finance and the prevalence of informal economy. Unemployment and lack of decent wages are amongst the major determinants of youth migration that impedes the socio economic development of OIC Member States. In this regard, OIC Member States need to address the root causes of high youth unemployment, low labour force participation rates as well as to eliminate existing gender gaps. Moreover, policies to improve the youth entrepreneurship ecosystem need to be developed.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f9fb0329a009cc1c94eda7b4dbc38cf" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65633149,"asset_id":45075777,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65633149/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45075777"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45075777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075777; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075777]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075777]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075777; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45075777']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45075777, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "9f9fb0329a009cc1c94eda7b4dbc38cf" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45075777]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45075777,"title":"Chapter 2 - Employment and Entrepreneurship","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2020). Employment and Entrepreneurship [Chapter 3]. In SESRIC, State of Youth in the OIC Member States 2020: Enhancing Economic Participation of Youth (pp. 19-28). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/741.pdf \n\nAbstract\nThe labour market conditions in many OIC Member States are not very promising for youth. High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The overall entrepreneurship ecosystem for youth is not very much enabling in many OIC Member States. These stem from amongst others limited access to finance and the prevalence of informal economy. Unemployment and lack of decent wages are amongst the major determinants of youth migration that impedes the socio economic development of OIC Member States. In this regard, OIC Member States need to address the root causes of high youth unemployment, low labour force participation rates as well as to eliminate existing gender gaps. 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High unemployment, low labour force participation and limited engagement of youth in entrepreneurship form a set of challenges for young people across the OIC Member States. In 2019, the OIC average for youth unemployment was at 13.9% that exceeded the world average of 11.8%. In terms of youth labour force participation, the average of OIC Member States (38.7%) stayed well below the world average of 41.4% in 2019. Moreover, when data are disaggregated by gender, a significant discrepancy arises amongst the OIC Member States in terms of male versus female unemployment and labour force participation rates. The overall entrepreneurship ecosystem for youth is not very much enabling in many OIC Member States. These stem from amongst others limited access to finance and the prevalence of informal economy. Unemployment and lack of decent wages are amongst the major determinants of youth migration that impedes the socio economic development of OIC Member States. 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(2020). Food Security [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 (pp. 34-51). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=515" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=515</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Eradication of hunger and malnutrition and making households more food secure are basic human rights protected under various international conventions and policy platforms and clearly emphasized in both the UN SDGs and the OIC-2025 Programme of Action. Hosting almost 175.98 million undernourished people, the challenge of food security in OIC countries takes on an added importance because it affects their overall developmental trajectory in both the short- and the long-terms. However, policies and programs aimed at ensuring food security often fail to realize the critical importance of tailoring interventions to national needs. Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. This in turn can prove catastrophic for food availability, access, stability, and utilization.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="56022d99ff52ea4f60abd2e215eea5ea" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65633130,"asset_id":45075763,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65633130/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="45075763"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="45075763"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075763; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075763]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=45075763]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 45075763; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='45075763']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45075763, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "56022d99ff52ea4f60abd2e215eea5ea" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=45075763]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":45075763,"title":"Chapter 4 - Food Security","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Agriculture and Food Security in OIC Member Countries 2020 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. 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Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. 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Hosting almost 175.98 million undernourished people, the challenge of food security in OIC countries takes on an added importance because it affects their overall developmental trajectory in both the short- and the long-terms. However, policies and programs aimed at ensuring food security often fail to realize the critical importance of tailoring interventions to national needs. Similar to the variations in the level of income and development amongst OIC member countries, the level of food security – or lack of it – is highly varied in OIC member countries. This is because food security is directly affected by factors including, but not limited to, difficult economic conditions, weak commodity prices, lack of adequate infrastructure, poverty, conflicts, adverse climatic conditions, and more recently, the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. Such factors can either prolong or worsen chronic and transitory food insecurity around the world. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43539044"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_">Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC M...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].<br /><br />Cite as: <br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Education<br />One of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.<br />Throughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. <br /><br />Refugees and Migrants<br />Experts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. <br /><br />However, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="668e746b7d2964e1493e8d5a0a4543e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850751,"asset_id":43539044,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43539044"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43539044"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539044; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43539044]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43539044]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43539044; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43539044']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43539044, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "668e746b7d2964e1493e8d5a0a4543e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43539044]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43539044,"title":"Chapter 2.7 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education in OIC Member Countries and Chapter 2.10 - Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Refugees and Migrants in OIC Member Countries [and relevant Social Policy Measures by OIC Member Countries + Policy Recommendations]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as: \nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nAbstract\nEducation\nOne of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.\nThroughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. \n\nRefugees and Migrants\nExperts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. \n\nHowever, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.\n","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected sections from chapters in SESRIC's Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as: \nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on education [Chapter 2.7]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 26-30). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nQureshi, T. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on refugees and migrants [Chapter 2.10]. In SESRIC, Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in OIC Member Countries: Prospects and Challenges (pp. 43-46). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=504\n\nAbstract\nEducation\nOne of the more visible impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic is the widespread closure of schools, colleges, and universities across the globe. Since February 2020, 193 countries have chosen to shut down education institutions in an attempt to slow down the transmission of COVID-19. These closures have affected approximately 1.7 billion learners at preprimary, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels (UNESCO, 2020a). The education sector in OIC member countries has also been hit particularly hard by the pandemic, putting 432.6 million learners out of schools – with the highest concentration of out-of-school learners in East and South Asian member countries.\nThroughout the month of March, 55 member countries have imposed country-wide school closures in the OIC, with the exception of Turkmenistan and Tajikistan that have not closed any education institutions since the beginning of the pandemic (Figure 2.16) (UNESCO, 2020b). Most OIC member countries have also clarified that school closures will continue throughout the current academic term (until June/July 2020) even as governments in these countries ease severe lockdown conditions. In lieu of physical attendance, governments around the world are encouraging institutions to offer opportunities for distance and online learning to millions of students. This section discusses the impacts of school closures on learners in OIC member countries, especially on human capital development, education funding, and marginalized learners. \n\nRefugees and Migrants\nExperts predict that the most devastating impacts of COVID-19 pandemic will be felt in developing low- and middle-income countries that are currently home to some 25.9 million refugees, 41.3 million internally displaced people (IDPs), and 271.6 million migrants - heightening the vulnerability of these marginalized groups to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is simply because a majority of low- and middle-income countries do not have an adequate health or humanitarian infrastructure required to deal with a global health pandemic. This is of special relevance to developing OIC member countries because they are currently host to 79.6% of the world’s refugees, home to 58.3% of the world’s IDPs, and destination countries for 74.5 million international migrants. \n\nHowever, the ground reality is that in times of a global pandemic the needs of vulnerable groups are often the last to be considered in national response measures. For refugees and migrants, this creates a situation of ‘double emergency’, where a health pandemic is likely to worsen an ongoing humanitarian emergency. This sub-section discusses three distinct ways in which refugees and migrants are affected by this ‘double emergency’ situation caused by COVID-19 pandemic.\n","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43539044/Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:11:25.119-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850751,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850751/Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1-libre.pdf?1594177021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf\u0026Expires=1732387483\u0026Signature=Q8Wyn7k4fKbSzmZ6juZgPg9H9vHf6i-IgFiomDWxK5ei84~2Z2nCvOOlq3xp8ngUcsDkSUotHVOwhGt7hb-7cdRxCqP1yA2PeMbb4rkRpy8dGk5w864WnQ6sjXNp~3Rr2vGvTb-Rr371-icYn64trKQnHH8~JSZTUmVFxyPXkweZ~brK5YncdthzBH61KArdkx0jxbwhhpf8T8RCwBQ6PY2SgfbC7NhOHagiUOGgh94PdERi6y1Py3SHa9z3zR7o1p~YyrGDjX9~zqh2UeSATlq0qwiD9E828QJe5IWT3EXdt8Ka42HIo4I3xLL-Rh3O8nE0uqLlP1jFLvaw8PfVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Education_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_Chapter_2_10_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_COVID_19_Pandemic_on_Refugees_and_Migrants_in_OIC_Member_Countries_and_relevant_Social_Policy_Measures_by_OIC_Member_Countries_Policy_Recommendations_","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850751,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850751/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850751/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850751/Socio-Economic_Impacts_of_COVID-19_202020200707-12135-ln7lj1-libre.pdf?1594177021=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_7_Socio_Economic_Impacts_of_CO.pdf\u0026Expires=1732387483\u0026Signature=Q8Wyn7k4fKbSzmZ6juZgPg9H9vHf6i-IgFiomDWxK5ei84~2Z2nCvOOlq3xp8ngUcsDkSUotHVOwhGt7hb-7cdRxCqP1yA2PeMbb4rkRpy8dGk5w864WnQ6sjXNp~3Rr2vGvTb-Rr371-icYn64trKQnHH8~JSZTUmVFxyPXkweZ~brK5YncdthzBH61KArdkx0jxbwhhpf8T8RCwBQ6PY2SgfbC7NhOHagiUOGgh94PdERi6y1Py3SHa9z3zR7o1p~YyrGDjX9~zqh2UeSATlq0qwiD9E828QJe5IWT3EXdt8Ka42HIo4I3xLL-Rh3O8nE0uqLlP1jFLvaw8PfVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":3567366,"name":"Coronavirus COVID-19","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronavirus_COVID-19"},{"id":3594697,"name":"COVID-19 PANDEMIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_PANDEMIC"},{"id":3681023,"name":"COVID-19 Impact on Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_Impact_on_Education"},{"id":3704894,"name":"COVID-19 Impact on Refugees and Migrants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/COVID-19_Impact_on_Refugees_and_Migrants"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538973"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition">Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Health Report 2019</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain]. Cite...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491</a><br /><br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Chapter 2<br />According to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. In order to deliver, however, health system requires robust financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies, well-maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies (WHO, 2014). In general, health system strengthening encompasses all those actions, activities and measures that aim to improve the situation regarding aforementioned building blocks of health system in a country/region. In the light of this understanding, this section evaluates the performance of the health systems in OIC countries in terms of health financing, workforce and infrastructure.<br /><br />Chapter 4<br />Health is vital for the well-being of all human beings. According to WHO, health does not only mean an absence of illness or disease, but it is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="218df6a0beb71fc8b6f7607160f5d28b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850672,"asset_id":43538973,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538973"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538973"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538973; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538973]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538973]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538973; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538973']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538973, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "218df6a0beb71fc8b6f7607160f5d28b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538973]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538973,"title":"Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. 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Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2019,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Health Report 2019"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Health Report 2019 coordinated by Mr. Mazhar Hussain].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Health system strengthening [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 3-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2019). Maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, OIC Health Report 2019 (pp. 43-63). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/publications-detail.php?id=491\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nAccording to World Health Organization (WHO), a health system is the sum totals of all the organizations, institutions and resources, which are available with the primary purpose of improving the state of health. A well-functioning health system paves the way for a healthy population, healthy society and healthy economy. In order to deliver, however, health system requires robust financing mechanism, a well-trained and adequately paid workforce, reliable information on which to base decisions and policies, well-maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies (WHO, 2014). In general, health system strengthening encompasses all those actions, activities and measures that aim to improve the situation regarding aforementioned building blocks of health system in a country/region. In the light of this understanding, this section evaluates the performance of the health systems in OIC countries in terms of health financing, workforce and infrastructure.\n\nChapter 4\nHealth is vital for the well-being of all human beings. According to WHO, health does not only mean an absence of illness or disease, but it is a multidimensional concept that encompasses the state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person. Right to health is vital for everyone, but it is especially important for mothers and children because they are vulnerable and more at risk to illness and health complications. Maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) basically refers to health of women and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. Provision of quality care during this period is very critical for the health and very survival of mother and infant. In this context, this chapter analyzes the current state of maternal, newborn, and child health and nutrition in 57 OIC countries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43538973/Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T02:03:08.176-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194768,"work_id":43538973,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7064087,"email":"m***n@sesric.org","display_order":1,"name":"Mazhar Hussain","title":"Chapter 2 - Health Systems Strengthening and Chaper 4 - Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850672,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850672/OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1-libre.pdf?1594205016=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457427\u0026Signature=BK12g14VJPyAYL5MqqqF5cwFjufMgBkN5WASX4rcosle4nY3~mZG2whV8d1NU-JC51TLYmEND8WhMH3fwjjP2~KlTm7bLsrlCvOuZH8h47P3jHPR7S2jNv271D5ZYlIGKXpZ5C7-oieuhcvrFrqL7gRGqIDcF3NpbMkXJcw94z6t-WMLCQUV0tjq3iSPK2n8gIFYFQkAj14riuEyKQG3FaAYkoeq4U~a8uJKP-lqR9JmjnlFsgKtdOAKNOlisydKMm-dU1qFiuc4hpq~rTSova43nBuhJ58Synnt6-0KBDuHRxQA7TKvQNYGodT32UOlIzV9ySCQWRl7SD9~lTFC5g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_and_Chaper_4_Maternal_Newborn_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition","translated_slug":"","page_count":45,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850672,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850672/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850672/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850672/OIC_Health_Report_2019_-_EN20200707-12194-1dr2ar1-libre.pdf?1594205016=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_2_Health_Systems_Strengthening_a.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457427\u0026Signature=BK12g14VJPyAYL5MqqqF5cwFjufMgBkN5WASX4rcosle4nY3~mZG2whV8d1NU-JC51TLYmEND8WhMH3fwjjP2~KlTm7bLsrlCvOuZH8h47P3jHPR7S2jNv271D5ZYlIGKXpZ5C7-oieuhcvrFrqL7gRGqIDcF3NpbMkXJcw94z6t-WMLCQUV0tjq3iSPK2n8gIFYFQkAj14riuEyKQG3FaAYkoeq4U~a8uJKP-lqR9JmjnlFsgKtdOAKNOlisydKMm-dU1qFiuc4hpq~rTSova43nBuhJ58Synnt6-0KBDuHRxQA7TKvQNYGodT32UOlIzV9ySCQWRl7SD9~lTFC5g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy"},{"id":43746,"name":"Health Systems Strengthening","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Systems_Strengthening"},{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":987298,"name":"Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maternal_and_Child_Health_and_Nutrition"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538944"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850628/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients">Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous C...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />While inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. <br /><br />Ideally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources.<br /><br />There are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. The choice of particular policy, instrument or strategy employed to manage conflict is largely at the discretion of the parties to the conflict – albeit somewhat influenced by the surrounding conditions. In light of this, this chapter is dedicated to the key ingredients and the methods most commonly associated with the management of conflicts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f73b3f5459e799ea36ef18c679d24707" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850628,"asset_id":43538944,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850628/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538944"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538944]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538944']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538944, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f73b3f5459e799ea36ef18c679d24707" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538944]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538944,"title":"Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf\n\nAbstract\nWhile inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. \n\nIdeally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. 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A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. \n\nIdeally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources.\n\nThere are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538730"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision">Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Coope...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Hussain, M. & Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />In 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="25869739e9b7ae3a91a1016680c0adfb" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850466,"asset_id":43538730,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538730"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538730"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538730; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538730]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538730]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538730; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538730']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538730, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "25869739e9b7ae3a91a1016680c0adfb" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538730]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538730,"title":"Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf\n\nAbstract\nIn 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nHussain, M. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Implementation of the OIC Water Vision [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Water Report 2018: Transforming Risk into Dialogue and Cooperation (pp. 69-87). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/616.pdf\n\nAbstract\nIn 2018, OIC General Secretariat and SESRIC administered the second wave of surveys on the implementation plan for the OIC Water Vision among OIC countries. The ‘OIC Water Council Survey 2018’ was circulated to the National Focal Points for the OIC Water Vision in OIC Member Countries between 23rd April and 30th May 2018. The survey aimed to gather information on the implementation of OIC Water Vision; identify key water-related challenges facing OIC countries; and learn about future actions and strategies to address these challenges. The survey also aimed to identify the training needs and capacities of member states and their financial requirements in terms of water infrastructure. As of August 2018, 15 OIC countries responded to the questionnaire, corresponding to 26% of OIC member countries with representation from diverse geographical regions. This chapter analyzed these responses to assess the status of implementation of OIC Water Vision in respondent OIC countries.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/43538730/Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2020-07-07T01:36:57.901-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":7890331,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":35194718,"work_id":43538730,"tagging_user_id":7890331,"tagged_user_id":null,"co_author_invite_id":7064087,"email":"m***n@sesric.org","display_order":1,"name":"Mazhar Hussain","title":"Chapter 6 - Implementation of the OIC Water Vision"}],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63850466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850466/OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0-libre.pdf?1594111633=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457428\u0026Signature=T4iTdDz8znbRIaqj8u4PSSGmcA8UqJrZG8FawlJgbjYmsQ-x8CSOUbkY3j5hqfQRUfZA52cPfTkfcKHekGljVoRZx9Cwtgk9w1H49hLHLKbqfL6iw7Trp8ZTYmfYOJjLebXgufbzRBgUvJuR4eMeT9i-I6kjgs7Z2ME-ZhEzsZ6TXZ4Ks2ybBTn3D2QVZ-bGvs~PIcqispSPTRJJVz~5jHWZc1PjXCZ493NX1tF4ssD25-TnlQNFBPd7ev4n5Nhjby4YEdFJ1956midQtkbwguBlenYv~G-vlW8Y0Pssz1lcRQNZIcfUfAig8PVUqUJn-407Fx-VJtIlZ8R9t1AyeQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Water_Vision","translated_slug":"","page_count":33,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":7890331,"first_name":"Tazeen","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Qureshi","page_name":"TazeenQureshi","domain_name":"bilkent","created_at":"2013-12-29T19:21:01.854-08:00","display_name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"},"attachments":[{"id":63850466,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850466/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850466/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Chapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/63850466/OIC_Water_Report_2018_-_EN20200707-78718-1txw0k0-libre.pdf?1594111633=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DChapter_6_Implementation_of_the_OIC_Wate.pdf\u0026Expires=1732457428\u0026Signature=T4iTdDz8znbRIaqj8u4PSSGmcA8UqJrZG8FawlJgbjYmsQ-x8CSOUbkY3j5hqfQRUfZA52cPfTkfcKHekGljVoRZx9Cwtgk9w1H49hLHLKbqfL6iw7Trp8ZTYmfYOJjLebXgufbzRBgUvJuR4eMeT9i-I6kjgs7Z2ME-ZhEzsZ6TXZ4Ks2ybBTn3D2QVZ-bGvs~PIcqispSPTRJJVz~5jHWZc1PjXCZ493NX1tF4ssD25-TnlQNFBPd7ev4n5Nhjby4YEdFJ1956midQtkbwguBlenYv~G-vlW8Y0Pssz1lcRQNZIcfUfAig8PVUqUJn-407Fx-VJtIlZ8R9t1AyeQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4526,"name":"Water resources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_resources"},{"id":14238,"name":"Survey Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_Research"},{"id":20159,"name":"Capacity Building","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity_Building"},{"id":49379,"name":"Water Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Water_Policy"},{"id":64197,"name":"OIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC"},{"id":3704870,"name":"OIC Water Vision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/OIC_Water_Vision"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="43538221"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538221/Chapter_2_Women_and_Education_Chapter_6_Women_and_Decision_Making_Chapter_8_Key_Challenges_of_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_OIC_Countries_Chapter_9_Success_Stories_from_Selected_OIC_Countries_on_Women_Entrepreneurship_and_Chapter_10_Policy_Implications_on_Enhancing_Women_Entrepreneurship"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850227/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538221/Chapter_2_Women_and_Education_Chapter_6_Women_and_Decision_Making_Chapter_8_Key_Challenges_of_Women_Entrepreneurs_in_OIC_Countries_Chapter_9_Success_Stories_from_Selected_OIC_Countries_on_Women_Entrepreneurship_and_Chapter_10_Policy_Implications_on_Enhancing_Women_Entrepreneurship">Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepren...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].<br /><br />Cite as:<br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Kosger, A. S. & Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Tintin, C., Kosger, A. S., & Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf</a><br /><br />Abstract<br />Chapter 2<br />Education is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.<br /><br />Chapter 6<br />Women in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.<br /><br />Chapter 8<br />To ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.<br /><br />Chapter 9<br />The selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. These initiatives range from policies aiming to ease women entrepreneurs’ access to finance, eliminating discriminatory financial practices against women entrepreneurs in financial sector, improving livelihoods, environments, and communities through the formation of cooperatives as a part of social entrepreneurship, and enhancing women entrepreneurship through public-private sector partnerships.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87432c1bf5e3cb4a017e434865ec3577" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850227,"asset_id":43538221,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850227/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538221"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538221"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538221; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538221]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538221]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538221; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538221']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538221, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "87432c1bf5e3cb4a017e434865ec3577" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538221]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538221,"title":"Chapter 2 - Women and Education, Chapter 6 - Women and Decision Making, Chapter 8 - Key Challenges of Women Entrepreneurs in OIC Countries, Chapter 9 - Success Stories from Selected OIC Countries on Women Entrepreneurship, and Chapter 10 - Policy Implications on Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nKosger, A. S. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nTintin, C., Kosger, A. S., \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nEducation is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.\n\nChapter 6\nWomen in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.\n\nChapter 8\nTo ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.\n\nChapter 9\nThe selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. These initiatives range from policies aiming to ease women entrepreneurs’ access to finance, eliminating discriminatory financial practices against women entrepreneurs in financial sector, improving livelihoods, environments, and communities through the formation of cooperatives as a part of social entrepreneurship, and enhancing women entrepreneurship through public-private sector partnerships.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development"},"translated_abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and education [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 19-32). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Women and decision-making [Chapter 6]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 81-93). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nQureshi, T. (2018). Key challenges of women entrepreneurs in OIC countries [Chapter 8]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 108-114). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nKosger, A. S. \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Success stories from selected OIC countries on women entrepreneurship [Chapter 9]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 115-121). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nTintin, C., Kosger, A. S., \u0026 Qureshi, T. (2018). Policy implications on enhancing women entrepreneurship for development in OIC countries [Chapter 10]. In SESRIC, OIC Women and Development Report 2018: Enhancing Women Entrepreneurship for Development (pp. 122-126). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/646.pdf\n\nAbstract\nChapter 2\nEducation is a key success factor for the social and economic development of a country. Studying the link between education and development from a gender perspective is important for OIC member countries because achieving gender parity in education can help in achieving developmental targets, and enable establishment of inclusive policies, programs, and institutions. This chapter looks at the women education and development nexus and attempts to understand root causes of gender disparity in education with a specific focus on OIC countries. The chapter explores factors that exacerbate gender inequalities in education by using alternative indexes of gender gap and inequality, adult and youth literacy rates, out-of-school rates for primary and secondary aged children, and mean years of schooling. The resulting analysis offers a set of possible policy options for improving access of women to education institutions in the OIC region.\n\nChapter 6\nWomen in OIC countries have been facing with some limitations while taking part in decision-making processes owing to the institutional (e.g. discrimination) and individual barriers (e.g. education). This chapter looks at the role of women in decision-making in politics and managerial positions with a special emphasis to OIC countries. In this regard, eradicating inequalities between women and men, and restoring the rights of women would strengthen the communities. The participation of women is fundamental to democratic governance and to the progress of humankind as a whole. Yet women still have far to go towards equal representation in positions of power and leadership, whether in corporate boardrooms, presidential cabinets or national parliaments.\n\nChapter 8\nTo ensure that entrepreneurial environment and services are more gender-balanced, there is a need for reviewing policies concerning business practices in OIC countries. In order to revise existing policies and practices in OIC countries with a view to making them more gender-balanced, policy makers need to have a holistic understanding of key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs. In the light of findings presented in the previous chapter, this chapter summarizes key challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in OIC countries namely low human capital development, high sectoral concentration, limited access to finance, ineffective infrastructure, policy and legal issues, and cultural and structural barriers.\n\nChapter 9\nThe selected case studies reflect diversity of successful initiatives and policies existing in OIC member countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East and North Africa, and East and South Asia. 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Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850156/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/43538097/Chapter_2_Elderly_Demographics_Past_Current_and_Future_Trends_and_Chapter_4_Institutions_for_the_Elderly">Chapter 2 - Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin]. <br /><br />Cite as: <br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Elderly demographics: Past, current, and future trends [Chapter 2]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 6-15). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf</a> <br /><br />Qureshi, T. (2018). Institutions for the elderly [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries: Responding to the Needs of Elderly (pp. 27-38). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from <a href="https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf" rel="nofollow">https://www.sesric.org/files/article/604.pdf</a> <br /><br />Abstract:<br />Chapter 2<br />Over the recent decades, ageing has resulted in an increase in the proportion of elderly and a decrease in the proportion of youth. While, rapid ageing has been a common occurrence in developed countries for the a few decades, it has only recently gained momentum in OIC and non-OIC developing countries. Rapid ageing has significant social and economic impacts that require immediate policy responses. In response to rapid ageing, one of the most important policy requirements for OIC countries is to ensure social and economic well-being of elderly. In this regard, this section provides an overview of elderly demographics in OIC countries in comparison to non-OIC developing countries, and developed countries. It highlights the demographics determinants of ageing, changes in population structure between 1990 and 2017, and elderly participation in the labour force.<br /><br />Chapter 4<br />In many countries, elderly people are excluded from the formulation and implementation of policies and programmes. An important way to prevent this from happening is to develop institutions and mechanisms that represent elderly people’s interests.<br />In order to bring the issue of ageing to the fore, governments have to recognize the importance of dealing with these challenges using national development policies. Policies aimed at the elderly will impact the future generations advertently. In this context, the following section highlights the issues of social integration and participation of older people, national level policy analysis of older population, human rights, and pension funds for elderly.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="0676bd4c92a014d70155ae837e3179fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":63850156,"asset_id":43538097,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63850156/download_file?st=MTczMjQ2NjQwMSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="43538097"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43538097"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538097; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538097]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43538097]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43538097; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='43538097']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43538097, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "0676bd4c92a014d70155ae837e3179fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=43538097]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":43538097,"title":"Chapter 2 - Elderly Demographics: Past, Current, and Future Trends and Chapter 4 - Institutions for the Elderly","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's The State of Elderly in OIC Member Countries 2018 coordinated by Dr. Cem Tintin]. \n\nCite as: \t\nQureshi, T. 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