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(PDF) Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients
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Cite as: Qureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf Abstract While inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. Ideally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources. There are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. The choice of particular policy, instrument or strategy employed to manage conflict is largely at the discretion of the parties to the conflict – albeit somewhat influenced by the surrounding conditions. In light of this, this chapter is dedicated to the key ingredients and the methods most commonly associated with the management of conflicts.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Tazeen Qureshi","url":"https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-07-07","dateModified":"2020-07-07","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850628/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Peace and Conflict Studies","Conflict Mediation Strategies","OIC","Conflict Resolution and Mediation","Peace Building and Confict Resolution","Conflict resolution and peace building in Islam","Conflict resolution in OIC Member States"],"publication":"Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"bilkent"}],"thumbnailUrl":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/63850628/thumbnails/1.jpg","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients"}</script><style type="text/css">@media(max-width: 567px){:root{--token-mode: Rebrand;--dropshadow: 0 2px 4px 0 #22223340;--primary-brand: #0645b1;--error-dark: #b60000;--success-dark: #05b01c;--inactive-fill: #ebebee;--hover: #0c3b8d;--pressed: #082f75;--button-primary-fill-inactive: #ebebee;--button-primary-fill: #0645b1;--button-primary-text: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-hover: #0c3b8d;--button-primary-fill-press: #082f75;--button-primary-icon: #ffffff;--button-primary-fill-inverse: #ffffff;--button-primary-text-inverse: #082f75;--button-primary-icon-inverse: #0645b1;--button-primary-fill-inverse-hover: 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{"work":{"id":43538944,"created_at":"2020-07-07T01:56:12.132-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-15T06:32:28.300-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin].\n\nCite as:\nQureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf\n\nAbstract\nWhile inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. \n\nIdeally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources.\n\nThere are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. The choice of particular policy, instrument or strategy employed to manage conflict is largely at the discretion of the parties to the conflict – albeit somewhat influenced by the surrounding conditions. In light of this, this chapter is dedicated to the key ingredients and the methods most commonly associated with the management of conflicts.","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [7890331]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":63850628,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/63850628/mini_magick20220709-18774-1854f0n.png?1657359469" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Chapter 4 - Conflict Resolution: The Key Ingredients</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7890331" href="https://bilkent.academia.edu/TazeenQureshi"><img alt="Profile image of Tazeen Qureshi" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/7890331/2783245/35585680/s65_tazeen.qureshi.jpg" />Tazeen Qureshi</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">45 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 43538944; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">[Selected chapters from SESRIC's Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC coordinated by Mr. Fadi Farasin]. Cite as: Qureshi, T. (2019). Conflict management: The key ingredients [Chapter 4]. In SESRIC, Achieving Peace and Security in a World of Turmoil: An Arduous Challenge for the OIC (pp. 39-66). Ankara: SESRIC. Retrieved from https://www.sesric.org/files/article/659.pdf Abstract While inter-state conflicts continue to be a rare occurrence in the 21st century, there has been a rise in the number of internal conflicts and internationalized internal conflicts. A large number of such conflicts are based on group-based grievances resulting from inequality, exclusion, and a sense of injustice. The shift in the nature of conflicts is also reflected in the way institutions and actors (local, national, regional, and international) deal with conflicts. Ideally, successful conflict management should result in a total resolution of the issues causing the conflict partly due to a change in behavioural factors. However, what is more common is for conflicting parties to reach a settlement such as ceasefire or legal or customary peace agreement. In any case, conflict management is primarily concerned with the ending of a conflict (even if it is temporary), identifying and tackling the root causes of conflicts, and restructuring of institutions, including the redistribution of resources. There are a range of policies, instruments and strategies that are a part of conflict management. The choice of particular policy, instrument or strategy employed to manage conflict is largely at the discretion of the parties to the conflict – albeit somewhat influenced by the surrounding conditions. In light of this, this chapter is dedicated to the key ingredients and the methods most commonly associated with the management of conflicts.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":63850628,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":63850628,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/43538944/Chapter_4_Conflict_Resolution_The_Key_Ingredients"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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However, it is only in recent times that the conceptualisation of conflict has begun. The inception of conflict, the management of conflict and the resolution of conflict is a matter of scholarly study especially after the end of the cold war. Intrastate conflicts defined in terms of ethnicity are becoming very prominent. Communities are mobilised around their ethnicities and they are politicised. Ethnicity by itself does not lead to conflict. It is when they are used for elite gains that conflict becomes inevitable. Thus the study of conflict and its various dimensions becomes a very significant aspect of study. This paper attempts to understand not just the concept of conflict but also discusses certain strategies for conflict resolution. Tackling incompatibilities is a very important challenge faced by state systems. The state has to at the outset determine whether conflict has to be managed or they have to move beyond management and seek its resolution as well. If resolution of conflicts is the ultimate aim then peace keeping, peace making and peace building are the strategies that can be implemented. Conflict management is the primary approach and conflict resolution is the ultimate approach that the state has to adopt.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict Resolution: The Need of the Hour Approaches And Strategies","attachmentId":67530541,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49140011/Conflict_Resolution_The_Need_of_the_Hour_Approaches_And_Strategies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49140011/Conflict_Resolution_The_Need_of_the_Hour_Approaches_And_Strategies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="113123843" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/113123843/Conflict_Management_and_Conflict_Resolution">Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="158628219" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CharityMuriuki1">Charity Muriuki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Developing Country Studies</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Purpose: Conflict management indicates in the first instance the perspective of the so called ―third party (a mediator, conflict advisor, conflict manager, or supervisor), which is called to help, or engages itself after its own incentive, in order to assists to both conflict parties (and eventually one of them). One can speak about conflict dealing also when during the conflict both parties look for a consensual solution, without asking for an external assistance. The forms of approaching and dealing with conflicts could be of very different nature. Methodology: The research was purely qualitative. Desktop literature review was conducted. Critical analysis of the literature was conducted. Findings: The study found out that most strategies incorporate a range of peaceful measures like negotiations, mediation or facilitation, as well as coercive measures as military, political or economic sanctions including the threat with them (power mediation). While latter measures usually are of...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict Management and Conflict Resolution","attachmentId":110166946,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/113123843/Conflict_Management_and_Conflict_Resolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/113123843/Conflict_Management_and_Conflict_Resolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="1022051" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1022051/Conflict_Conflict_Prevention_and_Conflict_Management_and_beyond_a_conceptual_exploration">Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management and beyond: a conceptual exploration</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="149406" href="https://fhs.academia.edu/MikaelWeissmann">Mikael Weissmann</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk …, 2005</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict, Conflict Prevention and Conflict Management and beyond: a conceptual exploration","attachmentId":31369394,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1022051/Conflict_Conflict_Prevention_and_Conflict_Management_and_beyond_a_conceptual_exploration","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1022051/Conflict_Conflict_Prevention_and_Conflict_Management_and_beyond_a_conceptual_exploration"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="126019777" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/126019777/Conflict_Resolution_Peace_and_Strategic_Studies">Conflict Resolution, Peace and Strategic Studies</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="280365317" href="https://noun.academia.edu/IEduok">Iniobong M Eduok</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transferred in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, or stored in any retrieval system of any nature, without the written permission of the copyright owner. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We give all glory and praise to the Almighty God from whom all blessings flow and from whom we derived the direction to bring out this work. Special appreciation goes to all our contributors to this work, we acknowledge your resourcefulness and display of academic prowess in your various works as submitted and published in this book. Your efforts are highly commended. Special appreciation also goes to the Dean of the Faculty of social sciences in the person of Professor Karmal Bello whose ceaseless support and encouragement to the Department of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution saw to the birth of this book. The love and support of all members of staff of the Department of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution, National Open University is hereby appreciated, may the Almighty God continue to strengthen and promote you all. v FOREWORD Conflict is inevitable in any society. Thus, there is need for strategic methods for its resolution to ensure sustained peace. Emerging Trends in Conflict Resolution, Peace and Strategic Studies: is an attempt by the authors to analyze and furnish students, and others with the emerging trends in conflict resolution, peace and strategic studies. The book gives clear insights on practical strategies in conflict resolution. It addresses linguistic strategies, the effective role of women, religion and third party, the role of youths, national security, terrorism, the role of technology among several other strategies for conflict resolution and peace, particularly in Nigeria. A major strength of this advance book on Emerging Trends in Conflict Resolution, Peace and Strategic Studies is that it has succeeded in assembling and analyzing practical strategies in conflict resolution and peace building that can be widely applied. The Book is well edited and organized into different chapters. Ultimately, the Book provides clear insight to readers, and serve as working tool for government and other security agencies on practical methods in conflict resolution and peace building. I wish to commend the contributors of the various chapters, and particularly the editors, for embarking on this very noble assignment and recommend the book to all students, scholars, government(s) and security agencies.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict Resolution, Peace and Strategic Studies","attachmentId":119960480,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/126019777/Conflict_Resolution_Peace_and_Strategic_Studies","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/126019777/Conflict_Resolution_Peace_and_Strategic_Studies"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="27112346" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27112346/Elements_of_Peace_Studies_and_Conflict_Resolution">Elements of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14389416" href="https://esut.academia.edu/TheophilusADENYI">Theophilus O ADENYI</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Elements of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution","attachmentId":47362600,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27112346/Elements_of_Peace_Studies_and_Conflict_Resolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27112346/Elements_of_Peace_Studies_and_Conflict_Resolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="52987366" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52987366/Conflict_Resolution_Interventions_in_the_Conflict_Cycle">Conflict Resolution Interventions in the Conflict Cycle</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="156841" href="https://ual-pt.academia.edu/RicardoSousa">Ricardo Sousa</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4992153" href="https://ufrj.academia.edu/GilbertoOliveira">Gilberto Oliveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Working Paper CESA CSG 185, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this article is to describe the Conflict Resolution interventions used throughout the conflict cycle. The article first presents five levels of conflict intensity of the conflict cycle, namely the levels of Stable Peace, Unstable Peace, Conflict, Crisis, and War. Each level of conflict intensity is characterized by analyzing the variables of Galtung's conflict triangle (behavior, attitudes, and goals), actors' perceptions (friend, rival, and enemy), and the dominant strategy of interaction between actors (positive-sum, compromise, zero-sum, and negative-sum). Each level is illustrated with typical events associated with civil wars and wars between states and proposes threshold events of a possible change in the level of conflict intensity. The article then presents a set of Conflict Resolution approaches that can be carried out in each of the conflict intensity levels of the escalation and de-escalation periods of the conflict cycle. Conflict Resolution is subdivided between interventions whose main objective is to contain violent conflict, here called Conflict Management, and interventions with a main objective of solving political problems, which can be Conflict Prevention, if they occur in the period of conflict escalation, or Conflict Termination, if they occur in the period of conflict de-escalation. In Conflict Management we identify the interventions of: Crisis Management; Unilateral and Joint Internal Management; External Management in the form of Peacemaking or Peace Enforcement, and Traditional Peacekeeping. In Conflict Prevention we identify Structural and Direct Prevention. In Conflict Termination we identify Multidimensional Peacekeeping, Peacebuilding and Peace Consolidation (associated to Conflict Transformation). Additionally, we present two alternative approaches, Cosmopolitan Peace and Critical Approaches.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Conflict Resolution Interventions in the Conflict Cycle","attachmentId":69984241,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/52987366/Conflict_Resolution_Interventions_in_the_Conflict_Cycle","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/52987366/Conflict_Resolution_Interventions_in_the_Conflict_Cycle"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="7008866" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7008866/Thiories_in_conflict_management">Thiories in conflict management</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4384492" href="https://univ-alger2.academia.edu/AbdellahChoutri">Abdellah Choutri</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thiories in conflict management","attachmentId":33670447,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/7008866/Thiories_in_conflict_management","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/7008866/Thiories_in_conflict_management"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="4827978" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4827978/Introduction_to_Conflict_Resolution_Concepts_and_Definitions">Introduction to Conflict Resolution: Concepts and Definitions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6248336" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CatalinaGaler">Catalina Galer</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Introduction to Conflict Resolution: Concepts and Definitions","attachmentId":32117762,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4827978/Introduction_to_Conflict_Resolution_Concepts_and_Definitions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4827978/Introduction_to_Conflict_Resolution_Concepts_and_Definitions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="2606000" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2606000/CONFLICT_PREVENTION_AS_A_POLITICAL_TOOL">CONFLICT PREVENTION AS A POLITICAL TOOL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3274891" href="https://brocku.academia.edu/IkechukwuIkerionwu">Ike D Ikerionwu</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"CONFLICT PREVENTION AS A POLITICAL 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