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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Playing_cards_and_early_tarot-like_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_cards_and_early_tarot-like_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Playing cards and early tarot-like games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_cards_and_early_tarot-like_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_tarot_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_tarot_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early tarot decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_tarot_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propagation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propagation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Propagation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_card_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_card_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Playing card decks</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Playing_card_decks-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Playing card decks subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Playing_card_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italian-suited_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italian-suited_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Italian-suited decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italian-suited_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italo-Portuguese-suited_deck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italo-Portuguese-suited_deck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Italo-Portuguese-suited deck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italo-Portuguese-suited_deck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish-suited_deck" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish-suited_deck"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Spanish-suited deck</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish-suited_deck-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-French-suited_decks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#French-suited_decks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>French-suited decks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-French-suited_decks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_Tarock_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_Tarock_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>German Tarock cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_Tarock_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cartomancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cartomancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cartomancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cartomancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tarot</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarotkaart" title="Tarotkaart – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tarotkaart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="أوراق التاروت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوراق التاروت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="تاروت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تاروت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F" title="ট্যারোট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ট্যারোট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Карты таро – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карты таро" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Таро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Таро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarod" title="Tarod – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tarod" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro" title="Taro – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taro" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%8E" title="Ταρώ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταρώ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot_(adivinaci%C3%B3n)" title="Tarot (adivinación) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tarot (adivinación)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA" title="تاروت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تاروت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot_(carte)" title="Tarot (carte) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tarot (carte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%80%EB%A1%9C" title="타로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="타로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Տարո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տարո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_Tarot" title="Kartu Tarot – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kartu Tarot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarocchi" title="Tarocchi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tarocchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98" title="קלפי טארוט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קלפי טארוט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kertu_Tarot" title="Kertu Tarot – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kertu Tarot" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8B(%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D)" title="ಟ್ಯಾರೋ(ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಹೇಳಲು ಬಳಸುವ ಇಸ್ಪೀಟೆಲೆಗಳ ಪ್ಯಾಕ್) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟ್ಯಾರೋ(ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಹೇಳಲು ಬಳಸುವ ಇಸ್ಪೀಟೆಲೆಗಳ ಪ್ಯಾಕ್)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D)" title="ტარო (ბანქო) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტარო (ბანქო)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_k%C4%81rtis" title="Taro kārtis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taro kārtis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taro_kortos" title="Taro kortos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Taro kortos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taroci" title="Taroci – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Taroci" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Тарот-карти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тарот-карти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D" title="ടാരറ്റ് കാർഡ് റീഡിംഗ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടാരറ്റ് കാർഡ് റീഡിംഗ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="တားရော့ပညာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တားရော့ပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%88" title="タロット – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タロット" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar%C3%B4" title="Tarô – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tarô" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Карты таро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карты таро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Тарот – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тарот" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot-kortit" title="Tarot-kortit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tarot-kortit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="ไพ่ทาโรต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไพ่ทาโรต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8)" title="Таро (карти) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Таро (карти)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%85%E7%89%8C" title="塔羅牌 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="塔羅牌" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarot" title="Tarot – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tarot" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BD%97%E7%89%8C" title="塔罗牌 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="塔罗牌" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%85%E7%89%8C" title="塔羅牌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="塔羅牌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%85%E7%89%8C" title="塔羅牌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塔羅牌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cards used for games or divination</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tarot_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tarot (disambiguation)">Tarot (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg/220px-Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg/330px-Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg/440px-Tarockkarten_in_der_Hand_eines_Spielers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Card player with Austrian tarot cards (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></i></span> pattern)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Print,_playing-card_(BM_1904,0511.47.1-78_3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg/220px-Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg/330px-Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg/440px-Print%2C_playing-card_%28BM_1904%2C0511.47.1-78_3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="645" /></a><figcaption>Trumps of the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Marseilles" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot de Marseilles">Tarot de Marseilles</a>, a standard 18th-century playing card pack, later also used for divination</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tarot</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, first known as <i><a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">trionfi</a></i> and later as <i><b>tarocchi</b></i> or <i><b>tarocks</b></i>) is a pack of <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing cards</a>, used from at least the mid-15th century in various parts of Europe to play <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">card games</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tarocchini" title="Tarocchini">Tarocchini</a>. From their <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italian</a> roots, tarot-playing cards spread to most of Europe, evolving into a family of games that includes German <a href="/wiki/Grosstarok" class="mw-redirect" title="Grosstarok">Grosstarok</a> and modern games such as <a href="/wiki/French_Tarot" title="French Tarot">French Tarot</a> and Austrian <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigrufen" title="Königrufen">Königrufen</a>. In the late 18th century French <a href="/wiki/Occultist" class="mw-redirect" title="Occultist">occultists</a> made elaborate, but unsubstantiated, claims about their history and meaning, leading to the emergence of custom decks for use in <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a> via <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">tarot card reading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">cartomancy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996ix_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996ix-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, there are two distinct types of tarot packs in circulation: those used for card games and those used for divination. However, some older patterns, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Marseille" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot de Marseille">Tarot de Marseille</a>, originally intended for playing card games, are also used for cartomancy.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like the common playing cards, tarot has four <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">suits</a> that vary by region: French suits are used in western, central and eastern Europe, and Latin suits in southern Europe. Each suit has 14 cards: ten <a href="/wiki/Pip_(counting)" title="Pip (counting)">pip cards</a> numbering from one (or <a href="/wiki/Ace" title="Ace">Ace</a>) to ten; and four <a href="/wiki/Face_card" title="Face card">face cards</a>: <a href="/wiki/King_(playing_card)" title="King (playing card)">King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queen_(playing_card)" title="Queen (playing card)">Queen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knight_(playing_card)" title="Knight (playing card)">Knight</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jack_(playing_card)" title="Jack (playing card)">Jack/Knave/Page</a>. In addition, and unlike standard packs, the tarot also has a separate 21-card <a href="/wiki/Trump_(card_games)" title="Trump (card games)">trump</a> suit and a single card known as <a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(tarot_card)" title="The Fool (tarot card)">the Fool</a>. Depending on the game, the Fool may act as the top trump or may be played to avoid following suit.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These tarot cards are still used throughout much of Europe to play conventional <a href="/wiki/Card_game" title="Card game">card games</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_distribution">Geographic distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographic distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of tarot playing cards was at one time widespread across the whole of Europe except the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula. Having fallen into decline by the 20th century, they later experienced a renaissance in some countries and regions. For example, <a href="/wiki/French_Tarot" title="French Tarot">French Tarot</a> was largely confined to <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a> in the 18th century, but took off in the 1950s to such an extent that, in 1973, the French Tarot Association (<i>Fédération Française de Tarot</i>) was formed and French Tarot itself is now the second most popular card game in France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaynes20006_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaynes20006-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tarock games like <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigrufen" title="Königrufen">Königrufen</a> have experienced significant growth in Austria where international tournaments are held with other nations, especially those from eastern Europe that still play such games, including Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia.<sup id="cite_ref-pagatTG_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denmark appears to be the only Scandinavian country that still plays tarot games,<sup id="cite_ref-pagatTG_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Danish_Tarok" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Tarok">Danish Tarok</a> being a derivative of historical German <a href="/wiki/Grosstarock" title="Grosstarock">Grosstarock</a>. The game of <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a> has grown in popularity again in the south German region of Baden.<sup id="cite_ref-pagatTG_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italy continues to play regionally popular games with their distinctive Tarot packs. These include: <a href="/wiki/Ottocento_(card_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottocento (card game)">Ottocento</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and Sicilian Tarocchi in parts of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pagatTG_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile <a href="/wiki/Troccas" title="Troccas">Troccas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Troggu" title="Troggu">Troggu</a> are still played locally in parts of Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-pagatTG_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_cards_and_early_tarot-like_games">Playing cards and early tarot-like games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Playing cards and early tarot-like games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tarot cards, then known as <i>tarocchi</i>, first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> in northern Italy, with the Fool and 21 trumps (then called <i><a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">trionfi</a></i>) being added to the standard Italian pack of four suits: <a href="/wiki/Batons_(suit)" title="Batons (suit)">batons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coins_(suit)" title="Coins (suit)">coins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cups_(suit)" title="Cups (suit)">cups</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swords_(suit)" title="Swords (suit)">swords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199628,_31_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199628,_31-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholarship has established that the early European cards were probably based on the <a href="/wiki/Playing_card#Egypt" title="Playing card">Egyptian Mamluk deck</a> invented in or before the 14th century, which followed the introduction of paper from Asia into Western Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-wopc_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wopc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1300s, Europeans were producing their own cards, the earliest patterns being based on the Mamluk deck but with variations to the <a href="/wiki/Suit_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit symbol">suit symbols</a> and <a href="/wiki/Court_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Court card">court cards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wopc_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wopc-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first records of playing cards in Europe date to 1367 in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a> and they appear to have spread very rapidly across the whole of Europe, as may be seen from the records, mainly of card games being banned.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known about the appearance and number of these cards, the only significant information being provided by a text by <a href="/wiki/John_of_Rheinfelden" title="John of Rheinfelden">John of Rheinfelden</a> in 1377 from <a href="/wiki/Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a>, who, in addition to other versions, describes the basic pack as containing the still-current 4 suits of 13 cards, the courts usually being the King, Ober and Unter ("marshals"), although Dames and Queens were already known by then. </p><p>An early pattern of playing cards used the suits of batons or clubs, coins, swords, and cups. These suits are still used in traditional <a href="/wiki/Italian_playing_cards" title="Italian playing cards">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish playing cards">Spanish</a> and Portuguese playing card decks, and are also used in modern (occult) tarot divination cards that first appeared in the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A lost tarot-like pack was commissioned by Duke <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> and described by Martiano da Tortona, probably between 1418 and 1425 since the painter he mentions, <a href="/wiki/Michelino_Molinari_da_Besozzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelino Molinari da Besozzo">Michelino da Besozzo</a>, returned to Milan in 1418, while Martiano himself died in 1425. He described a 60-card deck with 16 cards having images of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_deities" title="List of Roman deities">Roman gods</a> and suits depicting four kinds of birds. The 16 cards were regarded as "trumps" since, in 1449, Jacopo Antonio Marcello recalled that the now deceased duke had invented a <i>novum quoddam et exquisitum triumphorum genus</i>, or "a new and exquisite kind of triumphs."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other early decks that also showcased classical motifs include the <a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola-Busca</a> and Boiardo-Viti decks of the 1490s.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_tarot_decks">Early tarot decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early tarot decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">Trionfi (cards)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg/170px-Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="340" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg/255px-Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg/340px-Bembo-Visconti-tarot-arcanum-01-magician.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The magician from the Pierpont Morgan Bergamo Visconti-Sforza pack</figcaption></figure> <p>The first documented tarot decks were recorded between 1440 and 1450 in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, when additional trump cards with <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> <a href="/wiki/Illustration" title="Illustration">illustrations</a> were added to the common four-suit pack. These new decks were called <i>carte da trionfi</i>, triumph cards, and the additional cards known simply as <a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">trionfi</a>, which became "trumps" in English. The earliest documentation of <i>trionfi</i> is found in a written statement in the court records of <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, in 1440, regarding the transfer of two decks to <a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Pandolfo_Malatesta" title="Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta">Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest surviving tarot cards are the 15 or so decks of the <a href="/wiki/Visconti-Sforza_Tarot" title="Visconti-Sforza Tarot">Visconti-Sforza Tarot</a> painted in the mid-15th century for the rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199625_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199625-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 15th century Italy, the set of cards that was included in tarot packs, including trumps, seems to have been consistent, even if naming and ordering varied. There are two main exceptions:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198076-77_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett198076-77-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Some late 15th century decks like the <a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola Busca tarot</a> and the Boiardo deck had four suits, a fool, and 21 trumps, but none of the trumps match tarot ones. They seem to have been made on the model of tarot decks, but were voluntary departures from an established standard.</li> <li>The Visconti di Mondrone pack, one of the Visconti-Sforza decks, originally had a Dame and a Maid in each suit, in addition to the standard King, Queen, Knight, and Jack. Additionally, the pack includes three trump cards which represent the <a href="/wiki/Theological_virtues" title="Theological virtues">theological virtues</a> of Faith, Hope, and Charity, and are not present in any other tarot deck of that era.</li></ul> <p>Although a <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> preacher inveighed against the evil inherent in playing cards, chiefly because of their use in gambling, in a sermon in the 15th century,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> no routine condemnations of tarot were found during its early history.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propagation">Propagation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg/170px-Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg/255px-Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg/340px-Tarot-cary-collection-ita-sheet-3s-c1500..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3591" data-file-height="4946" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Cary sheet</i>, a partial uncut sheet of Milanese <i>tarocchi</i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the earliest tarot cards were hand-painted, the number of the decks produced is thought to have been small. It was only after the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> that mass production of cards became possible. The expansion of tarot outside of Italy, first to France and Switzerland, occurred during the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a>. The most prominent tarot deck version used in these two countries was the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a>, of Milanese origin.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the set of trumps was generally consistent, their order varied by region, perhaps as early as the 1440s. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Michael Dummett</a> placed them into three categories. In <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, the highest trump is the <a href="/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgement (Tarot card)">Angel</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/The_World_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The World (Tarot card)">World</a>. This group spread mainly southward through the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a>, and finally down to the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a> but was also known in the <a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoyard states</a>. In Ferrara, the World was the highest, followed by <a href="/wiki/Justice_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice (Tarot card)">Justice</a> and the Angel. This group spread mainly to the northeast to Venice and <a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Trento</a> where it was only a passing fad. By the end of the 16th century, this order became extinct. In <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, the World was highest, followed by the Angel; this ordering is used in the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a>. Dummett also wrote about a possible fourth lineage that may have existed along the Franco-Italian border. It spread north through France until its last descendant, the Belgian Tarot, went extinct around 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980387–417_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980387–417-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummettMcLeod200413–16_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummettMcLeod200413–16-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Florence, an expanded deck called <i><a href="/wiki/Minchiate" title="Minchiate">Minchiate</a></i> was later used. This deck of 97 cards includes <a href="/wiki/Astrology" title="Astrology">astrological</a> symbols and the four elements, as well as traditional tarot motifs.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest known mention of this game, under the name of <i>germini</i>, dates to 1506.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Viscontisforzatarot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Viscontisforzatarot.jpg/220px-Viscontisforzatarot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Viscontisforzatarot.jpg/330px-Viscontisforzatarot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Viscontisforzatarot.jpg/440px-Viscontisforzatarot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="284" /></a><figcaption>Three cards from a <a href="/wiki/Visconti-Sforza" class="mw-redirect" title="Visconti-Sforza">Visconti-Sforza</a> tarot deck: Ace of cups, Queen of coins and the Knight of batons</figcaption></figure> <p>The word "tarot"<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and German <i>Tarock</i> derive from the Italian <i>Tarocchi</i>, the origin of which is uncertain, although <i>taroch</i> was used as a synonym for foolishness in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decks were known exclusively as <i>Trionfi</i> during the fifteenth century. The new name first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> around 1502 as <i>Tarocho</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 16th century, a new game played with a standard deck but sharing a very similar name (<a href="/wiki/Triomphe" title="Triomphe">Trionfa</a>) was quickly becoming popular. This coincided with the older game being renamed <i>tarocchi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern Italian, the singular term is <i>Tarocco</i>, which, as a noun, is a cultivar of <a href="/wiki/Blood_orange#Tarocco" title="Blood orange">blood orange</a>. The attribute <i>Tarocco</i> and the verb <i>Taroccare</i> are used regionally to indicate that something is fake or forged. This meaning is directly derived from the tarocchi game as played in Italy, in which <i>tarocco</i> indicates a card that can be played in place of another card.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_card_decks">Playing card decks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Playing card decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot card games</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG/220px-Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG/330px-Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG/440px-Joueurs_de_tarot.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4038" data-file-height="3029" /></a><figcaption>A French tarot game in session</figcaption></figure> <p>The original purpose of tarot cards was to play games. A very cursory explanation of rules for a tarot-like deck is given in a manuscript by Martiano da Tortona before 1425. Vague descriptions of game play or game terminology follow for the next two centuries until the earliest known complete description of rules for a French variant in 1637.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game of tarot has many regional variations. <a href="/wiki/Tarocchini" title="Tarocchini">Tarocchini</a> has survived in Bologna and there are still others played in Piedmont and Sicily, but in Italy the game is generally less popular than elsewhere. </p><p>The 18th century saw tarot's greatest revival, during which it became one of the most popular card games in Europe, played everywhere except Ireland and Britain, the Iberian peninsula, and the <a href="/wiki/Rumelia" title="Rumelia">Ottoman Balkans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="French tarot">French tarot</a> experienced another revival, beginning in the 1970s, and France has the strongest tarot gaming community. Regional tarot games—often known as <i>tarock</i>, <i>tarok</i>, or <i>tarokk</i>—are widely played in central Europe within the borders of the former <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungarian empire</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Italian"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italian-suited_decks">Italian-suited decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italian-suited decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fool_with_zero,_from_Vergnano_Tarot_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-The_Fool_with_zero%2C_from_Vergnano_Tarot_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Tarocco Piemontese</a>: the <i>Fool</i> card</figcaption></figure> <p>Italian-suited decks were first devised in the 15th century in northern Italy. Three decks of this category are still used to play certain games: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Tarocco Piemontese</a> consists of the four suits of swords, batons, cups and coins, each headed by a king, queen, cavalier and jack, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Pip_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Pip cards">pip cards</a> for a total of 78 cards. Trump 20 outranks 21 in most games and the Fool is numbered 0 despite not being a trump.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_1JJ_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss 1JJ Tarot">Swiss 1JJ Tarot</a> is similar, but replaces the Pope with Jupiter, the Popess with Juno, and the Angel with the Judgement. The trumps rank in numerical order and the Tower is known as the House of God. The cards are not reversible like the Tarocco Piemontese.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Bolognese" title="Tarocco Bolognese">Tarocco Bolognese</a> omits numeral cards two to five in plain suits, leaving it with 62 cards, and has somewhat different trumps, not all of which are numbered and four of which are equal in rank. It has a different graphical design than the two above as it was not derived from the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a>.</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Portuguese"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italo-Portuguese-suited_deck">Italo-Portuguese-suited deck</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Italo-Portuguese-suited deck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Siciliano" title="Tarocco Siciliano">Tarocco Siciliano</a> is the only deck to use the so-called <a href="/wiki/Portuguese-suited_playing_cards" title="Portuguese-suited playing cards">Portuguese suit system</a>, which uses Spanish pips but intersects them like Italian pips.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the trumps are different such as the lowest trump, <i>Miseria</i> (destitution). It omits the Two and Three of coins, and numerals one to four in clubs, swords and cups: it thus has 64 cards, but the ace of coins is not used, being the bearer of the former <a href="/wiki/Stamp_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamp tax">stamp tax</a>. The cards are quite small and not reversible.<a href="#cite_note-8"><sup>[9]</sup></a> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Spanish"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish-suited_deck">Spanish-suited deck</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spanish-suited deck"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sole surviving example of a <a href="/wiki/Spanish-suited_playing_cards" title="Spanish-suited playing cards">Spanish-suited deck</a> was produced around 1820 by Giacomo Recchi of <a href="/wiki/Oneglia" title="Oneglia">Oneglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a> and destined for <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>. The plain suit cards are copied from the Sardinian pattern designed just ten years earlier by José Martinez de Castro for Clemente Roxas in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> but with the addition of 10s and queens. The trumps are largely copied from an early version of the <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Tarocco Piemontese</a>. At that time, Liguria, Sardinia, and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> were all territories of the <a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoyard state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2003355–358_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2003355–358-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="French"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="French-suited_decks">French-suited decks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: French-suited decks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>French-suited tarot decks are known as the oldest decks used for the Tarot. With the exception of novelty decks, French-suited tarot cards are almost exclusively used for <a href="/wiki/Card_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Card games">card games</a>. The earliest French-suited tarot decks were made by the de Poilly family of engravers, beginning with a <a href="/wiki/Minchiate" title="Minchiate">Minchiate</a> deck by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Poilly" title="François de Poilly">François de Poilly</a> in the late 1650s. Aside from these early outliers, the first generation of French-suited tarots depicted scenes of animals on the trumps and were thus called "<a href="/wiki/Tiertarock" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiertarock">Tiertarock</a>" (<i>Tier</i> being German for "animal") appeared around 1740. Around 1800, a greater variety of decks were produced, mostly with <a href="/wiki/Genre_art" title="Genre art">genre art</a> or <a href="/wiki/Veduta" title="Veduta">veduta</a>. The German states used to produce a variety of 78-card tarot packs using Italian suits, but later switching to French suited cards; some were imported to France. There remain only two French-suited patterns of <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a> packs - the Cego Adler pack manufactured by <a href="/wiki/ASS_Altenburger" title="ASS Altenburger">ASS Altenburger</a> and one with genre scenes by <a href="/wiki/F.X._Schmid" title="F.X. Schmid">F.X. Schmid</a>, which may reflect the mainstream German cards of the 19th century. Current French-suited tarot decks come in these patterns: </p> <ul><li><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></i></span> – the <i>Industrie und Glück</i> ("Diligence and Fortune"<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) genre art tarock deck of Central Europe uses Roman numerals for the trumps. It is sold with 54 cards; the 5 to 10 of the red suits and the 1 to 6 of the black suits are removed. There are 3 patterns – Types A, B and C – of which Type C has become the standard, whereas Types A and B appear in limited editions or specials.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarot_Nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot Nouveau">Tarot Nouveau</a></i> – also called the <i>Tarot Bourgeois</i> – has a 78-card pack. It is commonly used for tarot games in France and for <a href="/wiki/Danish_Tarok" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Tarok">Danish Tarok</a> in Denmark. It is also sometimes used in Germany to play <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a>. Its genre art trumps use Arabic numerals in corner indices.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adler-Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Adler-Cego">Adler-Cego</a></i> – this is an animal tarot that is used in the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Rift_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhine Rift Valley">Upper Rhine valley</a> and neighbouring mountain regions such as the <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest" title="Black Forest">Black Forest</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a> It has 54 cards organized in the same fashion as the <i>Industrie und Glück</i> packs. Its trumps use Arabic numerals but within centered indices.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Forest Cego">Schmid-Cego</a></i> - this pack by <a href="/wiki/F.X._Schmid" title="F.X. Schmid">F.X. Schmid</a> is of the <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_Tarot" title="Bourgeois Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</a> type and has <a href="/wiki/Genre_scene" class="mw-redirect" title="Genre scene">genre scenes</a> similar to those of the <i>Tarot Nouveau</i>, but the Arabic numerals are centred as in the Adler-Cego pack.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="18th century Animal Tarot"><img alt="18th century Animal Tarot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg/399px-Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg/600px-Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg/799px-Tiertarock_-_the_Trull_-_IMG_7832.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4159" data-file-height="2657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">18th century <a href="/wiki/Animal_Tarot" title="Animal Tarot">Animal Tarot</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salzburg veduta trumps, c. 1840"><img alt="Salzburg veduta trumps, c. 1840" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg/327px-Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg/491px-Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg/654px-Salzburg_Spielkarten_c1840.jpg 2x" data-file-width="985" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Salzburg veduta trumps, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1840</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 282.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 280.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taroky_trul.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Industrie und Glück Tarock trumps"><img alt="Industrie und Glück Tarock trumps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/421px-Taroky_trul.JPG" decoding="async" width="281" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/632px-Taroky_trul.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/841px-Taroky_trul.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></i></span> Tarock trumps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 390.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 388.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adler Cego trumps"><img alt="Adler Cego trumps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg/583px-Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg" decoding="async" width="389" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg/875px-Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg/1165px-Cego_Animal_Tarot_Cards_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7814.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4737" data-file-height="2075" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adler <a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a> trumps</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 394px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 392px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cego Bourgeois Tarot"><img alt="Cego Bourgeois Tarot" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg/588px-Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg" decoding="async" width="392" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg/883px-Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg/1176px-Cego_Bourgeois_Tarot_-_Top_4_Trumps_-_IMG_7812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4871" data-file-height="2113" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cego <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_Tarot" title="Bourgeois Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 283.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 281.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oudlers1910.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tarot Nouveau trumps c. 1910"><img alt="Tarot Nouveau trumps c. 1910" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Oudlers1910.PNG/422px-Oudlers1910.PNG" decoding="async" width="282" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Oudlers1910.PNG/634px-Oudlers1910.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Oudlers1910.PNG/845px-Oudlers1910.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_Nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot Nouveau">Tarot Nouveau</a> trumps <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1910</span></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="German"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_Tarock_cards">German Tarock cards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: German Tarock cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the late 18th century, in addition to producing their own true Tarot packs, the south German states manufactured German-suited packs labeled "Taroc", "Tarock" or "Deutsch-Tarok". These survive as "Schafkopf/Tarock" packs of the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franconia" title="Franconia">Franconian</a> pattern. These are not true tarot packs, but standard 36-card <a href="/wiki/German_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="German playing cards">German-suited decks</a> for games like <a href="/wiki/German_Tarok" title="German Tarok">German Tarok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauerntarock" title="Bauerntarock">Bauerntarock</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg_Tarock" class="mw-redirect" title="Württemberg Tarock">Württemberg Tarock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock" title="Bavarian Tarock">Bavarian Tarock</a>. Until the 1980s there were also Tarock packs in the <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Württemberg">Württemberg</a> pattern. There are 36 cards; the <a href="/wiki/Pip_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Pip card">pip cards</a> ranging from 6 to 10, Under Knave (<i><a href="/wiki/Unter_(playing_card)" title="Unter (playing card)">Unter</a></i>), Over Knave (<i><a href="/wiki/Ober_(playing_card)" title="Ober (playing card)">Ober</a></i>), King, and Ace. These use <a href="/wiki/Ace%E2%80%93ten_ranking" class="mw-redirect" title="Ace–ten ranking">ace–ten ranking</a>, like <a href="/wiki/Klaverjas" title="Klaverjas">klaverjas</a>, where ace is the highest followed by 10, king, Ober, Unter, then 9 to 6. The heart suit is the default trump suit.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Bavarian pack is also used to play <a href="/wiki/Schafkopf" title="Schafkopf">Schafkopf</a> by excluding the Sixes. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1248256098"><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 294px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 292px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Württemberg Tarock cards"><img alt="Württemberg Tarock cards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg/438px-W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg" decoding="async" width="292" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg/657px-W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg/875px-W%C3%BCrttembergischer_Tarock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2698" data-file-height="2127" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrttemberg_Tarock" class="mw-redirect" title="Württemberg Tarock">Württemberg Tarock</a> cards</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cartomancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Tarot card reading</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg/220px-The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg/330px-The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg/440px-The_Major_Arcana_by_Roberto_Viesi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1134" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Deck of the 22 <a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a> cards inspired by the Tarot of Marseilles, but with the author's graphic style</figcaption></figure> <p>In English-speaking countries where these games are not widely played, only specially designed cartomantic tarot cards, used primarily for novelty and <a href="/wiki/Divination" title="Divination">divination</a>, are readily available.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The early French occultists claimed that tarot cards had esoteric links to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a>, the Indic <a href="/wiki/Tantra" title="Tantra">Tantra</a>, or <a href="/wiki/I_Ching" title="I Ching">I Ching</a>, claims that have been frequently repeated by authors on card divination. However, scholarly research demonstrated that tarot cards were invented in northern Italy in the mid-15th century and confirmed that there is no historical evidence of any significant use of tarot cards for divination until the late 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-DummettGame_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historians have described western views of the Tarot pack as "the subject of the most successful propaganda campaign ever launched [...] An entire false history and false interpretation of the Tarot pack was concocted by the occultists and it is all but universally believed."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest evidence of a tarot deck used for <a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">cartomancy</a> comes from an anonymous manuscript from around 1750 which documents rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Bolognese" title="Tarocco Bolognese">Tarocco Bolognese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pratesi_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pratesi-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The popularization of esoteric tarot started with <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Court_de_G%C3%A9belin" title="Antoine Court de Gébelin">Antoine Court</a> and <a href="/wiki/Etteilla" title="Etteilla">Jean-Baptiste Alliette</a> (Etteilla) in Paris during the 1780s, using the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="French tarot">French tarot</a> players abandoned the Marseilles tarot in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_Nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot Nouveau">Tarot Nouveau</a> around 1900, with the result that the Marseilles pattern is now used mostly by cartomancers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Etteilla" title="Etteilla">Etteilla</a> was the first to produce a bespoke tarot deck specifically designed for occult purposes around 1789. In keeping with the unsubstantiated belief that such cards were derived from the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Thoth" title="Book of Thoth">Book of Thoth</a>, Etteilla's tarot contained themes related to <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the occult tradition, tarot cards are referred to as "arcana", with the Fool and 21 trumps being termed the <a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a> and the suit cards the <a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199638_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199638-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> terms not used by players of <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">tarot card games</a>. </p><p>The 78-card tarot deck used by esotericists has two distinct parts: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a> (greater secrets) consists of 22 cards without <a href="/wiki/Suit_(cards)" class="mw-redirect" title="Suit (cards)">suits</a>. Their names and numbers vary, but in a typical scheme, the names are: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fool (Tarot card)">The Fool</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Magician (Tarot card)">The Magician</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_High_Priestess" title="The High Priestess">The High Priestess</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Empress_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Empress (Tarot card)">The Empress</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Emperor (Tarot card)">The Emperor</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hierophant" title="The Hierophant">The Hierophant</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Lovers" title="The Lovers">The Lovers</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Chariot_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Chariot (Tarot card)">The Chariot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strength_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strength (Tarot card)">Strength</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hermit_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hermit (Tarot card)">The Hermit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheel of Fortune (Tarot card)">Wheel of Fortune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justice_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice (Tarot card)">Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Hanged_Man_(tarot_card)" title="The Hanged Man (tarot card)">The Hanged Man</a>, <a href="/wiki/Death_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Death (Tarot card)">Death</a>, <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperance (Tarot card)">Temperance</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil (Tarot card)">The Devil</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tower (Tarot card)">The Tower</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Star (Tarot card)">The Star</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon (Tarot card)">The Moon</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sun (Tarot card)">The Sun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judgement_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judgement (Tarot card)">Judgement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_World_(Tarot_card)" class="mw-redirect" title="The World (Tarot card)">The World</a>. Cards from The Magician to The World are numbered in <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a> from I to XXI, while The Fool is the only unnumbered card, sometimes placed at the beginning of the deck as 0, or at the end as XXII.</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a> (lesser secrets) consists of 56 cards, divided into four suits of 14 cards each; <ul><li>Ten numbered cards and four court cards. The court cards are the King, Queen, Knight and Page/Jack, in each of the four tarot suits. The traditional Italian tarot suits are swords, batons, coins and cups; however, in modern occult tarot decks, the suit of batons is often called wands, rods or staves; the suit of coins is often called pentacles or disks and the suit of cups is often referred to as goblets.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>The terms "Major Arcana" and "Minor Arcana" were first used by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Pitois" title="Jean-Baptiste Pitois">Jean-Baptiste Pitois</a> (also known as Paul Christian) and are never used in relation to tarot card games.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some decks exist primarily as artwork, and such art decks sometimes contain only the 22 Major Arcana. </p><p>The three most common decks used in esoteric tarot are the <a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Tarot of Marseilles</a> (a playing card pack), the <a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite_Tarot" title="Rider–Waite Tarot">Rider–Waite Tarot</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jensen_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jensen-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, who devised the Thoth deck along with <a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a>, stated of the tarot: "The origin of this pack of cards is very obscure. Some authorities seek to put it back as far as the ancient Egyptian Mysteries; others try to bring it forward as late as the fifteenth or even the sixteenth century ... [but] The only theory of ultimate interest about the tarot is that it is an admirable symbolic picture of the Universe, based on the data of the Holy <a href="/wiki/Qabalah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qabalah">Qabalah</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley19695_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley19695-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Diligence and Fortune" is the contemporary meaning of the phrase <i>Industrie und Glück</i>. See, for example, Placardi, Carl (1766). <i>Das Kaiserliche Sprach- und Wörterbuch</i>, Cölln am Rhein: Metternich, pp. 72 and 83.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996ix-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett1996ix_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)</a>, p. ix.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFColman2011" class="citation web cs1">Colman, David (11 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/fashion/alejandro-jodorowsky-and-his-tarot-de-marseille.html">"When the Tarot Trumps All"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=When+the+Tarot+Trumps+All&rft.date=2011-11-11&rft.aulast=Colman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F11%2F13%2Ffashion%2Falejandro-jodorowsky-and-his-tarot-de-marseille.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DummettGame-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DummettGame_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett (1980)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaynes20006-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaynes20006_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaynes2000">Daynes (2000)</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pagatTG-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pagatTG_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pagatTG_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pagatTG_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pagatTG_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pagatTG_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pagat.com/tarot/"><i>Card Games: Tarot Games</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191129201923/https://www.pagat.com/tarot/">Archived</a> 29 November 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at <a href="/wiki/Pagat.com" title="Pagat.com">pagat.com</a>. Retrieved 20 October 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199628,_31-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199628,_31_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)</a>, pp. 28, 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wopc-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wopc_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wopc_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wopc.co.uk/history-the-history-of-playing-cards/early-history-of-playing-cards"><i>Early History of Playing Cards</i></a> at wopc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter F. Kopp: Die frühesten Spielkarten in der Schweiz. In: Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte 30 (1973), pp. 130–145, here 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hellmut Rosenfeld: Zu den frühesten Spielkarten in der Schweiz. Eine Entgegnung. In: Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte 32 (1975), pp. 179–180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Detlef_Hoffmann" title="Detlef Hoffmann">Detlef Hoffmann</a>: Kultur- und Kunstgeschichte der Spielkarte. Marburg: Jonas Verlag 1995, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Donald Laycock</a> in <i>Skeptical—a Handbook of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal</i>, ed <a href="/wiki/Donald_Laycock" title="Donald Laycock">Donald Laycock</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Vernon_(writer)" title="David Vernon (writer)">David Vernon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Groves" title="Colin Groves">Colin Groves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Brown_(author)" title="Simon Brown (author)">Simon Brown</a>, Imagecraft, Canberra, 1989, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7316-5794-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7316-5794-2">0-7316-5794-2</a>, p. 67</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratesi1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (1989). "Italian Cards - New Discoveries". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>18</b> (1, 2): 28–32, 33–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=Italian+Cards+-+New+Discoveries&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1%2C+2&rft.pages=28-32%2C+33-38&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Pratesi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratesi2012" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (2012). "In Search of Tarot Sources". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>41</b> (2): 100.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Tarot+Sources&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=100&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Pratesi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pratesi,_Franco" class="mw-redirect" title="Pratesi, Franco">Pratesi, Franco</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trionfi.com/giusto-giusti">Studies on Giusto Giusti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224132027/http://trionfi.com/giusto-giusti">Archived</a> 24 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at trionfi.com. Retrieved 4 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199625-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199625_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)</a>, p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett198076-77-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett198076-77_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett (1980)</a>, p. 76-77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele1900" class="citation journal cs1">Steele, Robert (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/archaeologia/article/abs/xa-notice-of-the-ludus-triumphorum-and-some-early-italian-card-games-with-some-remarks-on-the-origin-of-the-game-of-cards/A34B2D6CE28BBB7C72E7AB3C347102D6">"X.—A Notice of the Ludus Triumphorum and some Early Italian Card Games; with some Remarks on the Origin of the Game of Cards"</a>. <i>Archaeologia</i>. <b>57</b> (1): 185–200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0261340900027636">10.1017/S0261340900027636</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2051-3186">2051-3186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeologia&rft.atitle=X.%E2%80%94A+Notice+of+the+Ludus+Triumphorum+and+some+Early+Italian+Card+Games%3B+with+some+Remarks+on+the+Origin+of+the+Game+of+Cards&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=185-200&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0261340900027636&rft.issn=2051-3186&rft.aulast=Steele&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Farchaeologia%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fxa-notice-of-the-ludus-triumphorum-and-some-early-italian-card-games-with-some-remarks-on-the-origin-of-the-game-of-cards%2FA34B2D6CE28BBB7C72E7AB3C347102D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummett1980387–417-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummett1980387–417_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummett1980">Dummett (1980)</a>, p. 387–417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDummettMcLeod200413–16-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDummettMcLeod200413–16_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDummettMcLeod2004">Dummett & McLeod (2004)</a>, p. 13–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratesi2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (2015). 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Retrieved 4 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vitali, Andrea. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letarot.it/page.aspx?id=264">Taroch - 1494</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225091929/http://www.letarot.it/page.aspx?id=264">Archived</a> 25 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at Le Tarot Cultural Association. Retrieved 4 February 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepaulis2008" class="citation journal cs1">Depaulis, Thierry (2008). "Entre <i>farsa</i> et <i>barzelletta</i>: jeux de cartes italiens autours de 1500". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>37</b> (2): 89–102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=Entre+farsa+et+barzelletta%3A+jeux+de+cartes+italiens+autours+de+1500&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=89-102&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Depaulis&rft.aufirst=Thierry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/tarocco1">"Tarocco"</a>. <i>www.treccani.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&rft.atitle=Tarocco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Ftarocco1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/taroccare/">"Taroccare"</a>. <i>www.treccani.it</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.treccani.it&rft.atitle=Taroccare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fvocabolario%2Ftaroccare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummettMcLeod2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_McLeod_(card_game_researcher)" title="John McLeod (card game researcher)">Dummett, Michael</a>; McLeod, John (2004). <i>A History of Games Played with the Tarot Pack</i>. <a href="/wiki/Lewiston,_New_York" title="Lewiston, New York">Lewiston, New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mellen_Press" title="Edwin Mellen Press">Edwin Mellen Press</a>. pp. 17–21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Games+Played+with+the+Tarot+Pack&rft.place=Lewiston%2C+New+York&rft.pages=17-21&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=McLeod%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParlett1990" class="citation book cs1">Parlett, David (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordguidetocar00parl"><i>The Oxford Guide to Card Games</i></a></span> (1 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-214165-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-214165-1"><bdi>0-19-214165-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Guide+to+Card+Games&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-19-214165-1&rft.aulast=Parlett&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordguidetocar00parl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-12.html">Tarocco Siciliano, early form</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301162940/http://i-p-c-s.org/pattern/ps-12.html">Archived</a> 1 March 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Playing-Card_Society" title="International Playing-Card Society">International Playing-Card Society</a> website. Retrieved 26 July 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummett1993" class="citation book cs1">Dummett, Michael (1993). <i>Il mondo e l'angelo: i tarocchi e la loro storia</i>. Napoli: Bibliopolis. pp. 406–407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8870882728" title="Special:BookSources/978-8870882728"><bdi>978-8870882728</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+mondo+e+l%27angelo%3A+i+tarocchi+e+la+loro+storia&rft.place=Napoli&rft.pages=406-407&rft.pub=Bibliopolis&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-8870882728&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaplan2003355–358-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaplan2003355–358_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaplan2003">Kaplan (2003)</a>, pp. 355–358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-4740214">"Historic Cards and Games: The Stuart and Marilyn R. Kaplan Collection"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christie%27s&rft.atitle=Historic+Cards+and+Games%3A+The+Stuart+and+Marilyn+R.+Kaplan+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christies.com%2Flot%2Flot-4740214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSemetsky2011" class="citation book cs1">Semetsky, Inna (2011). <i>Re-Symbolization of the Self: Human Development and Tarot Hermeneutic</i>. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6091-421-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-6091-421-8"><bdi>978-94-6091-421-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Re-Symbolization+of+the+Self%3A+Human+Development+and+Tarot+Hermeneutic&rft.place=Rotterdam&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Sense+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-94-6091-421-8&rft.aulast=Semetsky&rft.aufirst=Inna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199627_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pratesi-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pratesi_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPratesi1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Pratesi" title="Franco Pratesi">Pratesi, Franco</a> (1989). "Italian Cards: New Discoveries, no. 9". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>17</b> (4): 136–145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=Italian+Cards%3A+New+Discoveries%2C+no.+9&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=136-145&rft.date=1989&rft.aulast=Pratesi&rft.aufirst=Franco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummett2003" class="citation journal cs1">Dummett, Michael (2003). "Tarot Cartomancy in Bologna". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>32</b> (2): 79–88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=Tarot+Cartomancy+in+Bologna&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=79-88&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jensen-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jensen_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJensen2010" class="citation journal cs1">Jensen, K. Frank (2010). "A Century with the Waite–Smith Tarot (and all the others...)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Playing-Card" title="The Playing-Card">The Playing-Card</a></i>. <b>38</b> (3): 217–222.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Playing-Card&rft.atitle=A+Century+with+the+Waite%E2%80%93Smith+Tarot+%28and+all+the+others...%29&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=217-222&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=K.+Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199638-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeckerDepaulisDummett199638_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996">Decker, Depaulis & Dummett (1996)</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parlett, David. "tarot game". <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>, 9 August 2012, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/tarot-game">https://www.britannica.com/topic/tarot-game</a> . Accessed 26 June 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrowley19695-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrowley19695_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCrowley1969">Crowley (1969)</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowley1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Crowley, Aleister</a> (1969) [1944]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth: A Short Essay on the Tarot of the Egyptians</a></i>. Illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a> (reprint ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Weiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Weiser">Samuel Weiser</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Thoth%3A+A+Short+Essay+on+the+Tarot+of+the+Egyptians&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Samuel+Weiser&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Aleister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaynes2000" class="citation book cs1">Daynes, Daniel (2000). <i>Le Tarot, ses règles et toutes ses variantes</i>. Bornemann. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85182-622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85182-622-0"><bdi>978-2-85182-622-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Tarot%2C+ses+r%C3%A8gles+et+toutes+ses+variantes&rft.pub=Bornemann&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-2-85182-622-0&rft.aulast=Daynes&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeckerDepaulisDummett1996" class="citation book cs1">Decker, Ronald; <a href="/wiki/Thierry_Depaulis" title="Thierry Depaulis">Depaulis, Thierry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dummett" title="Michael Dummett">Dummett, Micheal</a> (1996). <i>A Wicked Pack of Cards</i>. London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7156-2713-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7156-2713-9"><bdi>0-7156-2713-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Wicked+Pack+of+Cards&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7156-2713-9&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Depaulis%2C+Thierry&rft.au=Dummett%2C+Micheal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDummett1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dummett,_Sir_Michael" class="mw-redirect" title="Dummett, Sir Michael">Dummett, Michael</a> (1980). <i>The Game of Tarot</i>. London: Duckworth. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7156-1014-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7156-1014-7"><bdi>0-7156-1014-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Game+of+Tarot&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Duckworth&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7156-1014-7&rft.aulast=Dummett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Kaplan, Stuart R. (2003) [1978]. <i>The Encyclopedia of Tarot</i>. Vol. 2: Tarot Cards for Fun and Fortune Telling (3rd ed.). New York: U.S. Games Systems. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-913866-36-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-913866-36-8"><bdi>978-0-913866-36-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Tarot&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=U.S.+Games+Systems&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-913866-36-8&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Stuart+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATarot" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarot&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tarot_cards" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Tarot cards">Tarot cards</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Template:Tarot and Tarock card games"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Template talk:Tarot and Tarock card games"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tarot and Tarock card games"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tarot_and_Tarock_card_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games" title="Tarot card games">Tarot and Tarock card games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games#Type_I" title="Tarot card games">Type I</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games#Type_II" title="Tarot card games">II</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Fool as an excuse)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minchiate" title="Minchiate">Minchiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarocchini" title="Tarocchini">Tarocchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosstarock#Danish_Tarok" title="Grosstarock">Danish Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droggn" title="Droggn">Droggn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Tarot" title="French Tarot">French Tarot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosstarock" title="Grosstarock">Grosstarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarto" title="Scarto">Scarto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taroc_l%27Hombre" title="Taroc l'Hombre">Taroc l'Hombre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troccas" title="Troccas">Troccas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troggu" title="Troggu">Troggu</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hybrid type II/III)</span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taroky_trul.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/150px-Taroky_trul.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/225px-Taroky_trul.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Taroky_trul.JPG/300px-Taroky_trul.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="621" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_games#Type_III" title="Tarot card games">Type III</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Fool as highest trump)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cego" title="Cego">Cego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreierles" title="Dreierles">Dreierles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreiertarock" title="Dreiertarock">Dreiertarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Tarok" title="Galician Tarok">Galician Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Tarokk" title="Hungarian Tarokk">Hungarian Tarokk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husarln" title="Husarln">Husarln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrated_Tarock" title="Illustrated Tarock">Illustrated Tarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigrufen" title="Königrufen">Königrufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosakeln" title="Kosakeln">Kosakeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neunzehnerrufen" title="Neunzehnerrufen">Neunzehnerrufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Tarock" title="Point Tarock">Point Tarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strohmandeln" title="Strohmandeln">Strohmandeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_Tarock" title="Tapp Tarock">Tapp Tarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troggu" title="Troggu">Troggu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viennese_Grosstarock" title="Viennese Grosstarock">Viennese Grosstarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwanzigerrufen" title="Zwanzigerrufen">Zwanzigerrufen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauerntarock" title="Bauerntarock">Bauerntarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock" title="Bavarian Tarock">Bavarian Tarock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Tarock" title="Bavarian Tarock">Haferltarock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Dapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobbm" title="Dobbm">Dobbm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(American_card_game)" title="Frog (American card game)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Tarok" title="German Tarok">German Tarok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-bid_solo" title="Six-bid solo">Six-bid solo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Tapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapp_(card_game)" title="Tapp (card game)">Württemberg Tarock</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">(all played with 36-card French or German packs)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Suits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="French playing cards">French</a>:</li> <li><span style="color:black" class="clubs" title="clubs">♣</span><a href="/wiki/Clubs_(suit)" title="Clubs (suit)">Clubs</a></li> <li><span style="color:black" class="spades" title="spades">♠</span><a href="/wiki/Spades_(suit)" title="Spades (suit)">Spades</a></li> <li><span style="color: red" class="hearts" title="hearts">♥</span><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(suit)" title="Hearts (suit)">Hearts</a></li> <li><span style="color:red" class="diamonds" title="diamonds">♦</span><a href="/wiki/Diamonds_(suit)" title="Diamonds (suit)">Diamonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_playing_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="German playing cards">German</a>:</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(card_suit)" title="Acorns (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Bay_eichel.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="11" data-file-height="16" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Acorns_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acorns (card suit)">Acorns</a></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(card_suit)" title="Leaves (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Bay_gras.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="11" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Leaves_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaves (card suit)">Leaves</a></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(card_suit)" title="Hearts (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Bay_herz.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Hearts_(suit)" title="Hearts (suit)">Hearts</a></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bells_(card_suit)" title="Bells (card suit)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Bay_schelle.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="10" data-file-height="10" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Bells_(card_suit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bells (card suit)">Bells</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Packs <span style="font-size:85%;">(French suits)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industrie_und_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Industrie und Glück">Industrie und Glück</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_Tarot" title="Bourgeois Tarot">Bourgeois Tarot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tarot_Nouveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarot Nouveau">Tarot Nouveau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Forest_Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Forest Cego">Black Forest Cego</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal tarot">Animal tarot</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adler_Cego" class="mw-redirect" title="Adler Cego">Adler Cego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Animal_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian Animal Tarot">Bavarian Animal Tarot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Animal_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian Animal Tarot">Belgian Animal Tarot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danish_Animal_Tarot" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Animal Tarot">Danish Animal Tarot</a>, etc.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Packs <span style="font-size:85%;">(Latin suits)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Bolognese" title="Tarocco Bolognese">Bolognese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Marseilles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cartes_de_Suisses" title="Cartes de Suisses">Cartes de Suisses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cartes_de_Suisses" title="Cartes de Suisses">Flemish Tarot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Piemontese" title="Tarocco Piemontese">Piemontese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Tarot de Besançon">Besançon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tarot" title="Swiss Tarot">Swiss</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minchiate" title="Minchiate">Minchiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarocco_Siciliano" title="Tarocco Siciliano">Siciliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_de_Besan%C3%A7on" title="Tarot de Besançon">Tarot de Besançon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">Playing card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trick-taking_game" title="Trick-taking game">Trick-taking game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trionfi_(cards)" title="Trionfi (cards)">Trionfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trull_(cards)" title="Trull (cards)">Trull (Sküs, Mond and Pagat)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tarot_card_games" title="Category:Tarot card games">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Board_and_table_games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Board and table games">WikiProject Card Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Occult_tarot" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Template:Occult tarot"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Occult_tarot" title="Template talk:Occult tarot"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Occult_tarot" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Occult tarot"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Occult_tarot" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tarot_card_reading" title="Tarot card reading">Occult tarot</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Occultists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Foster_Case" title="Paul Foster Case">Paul Foster Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Court_de_G%C3%A9belin" title="Antoine Court de Gébelin">Antoine Court de Gébelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleister_Crowley" title="Aleister Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Encausse" title="Gérard Encausse">Gérard Encausse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etteilla" title="Etteilla">Etteilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manly_P._Hall" title="Manly P. Hall">Manly P. Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frieda_Harris" title="Lady Frieda Harris">Lady Frieda Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89liphas_L%C3%A9vi" title="Éliphas Lévi">Éliphas Lévi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._O._Mebes" title="G. O. Mebes">G. O. Mebes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouni_Sadhu" title="Mouni Sadhu">Mouni Sadhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Colman_Smith" title="Pamela Colman Smith">Pamela Colman Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentin_Tomberg" title="Valentin Tomberg">Valentin Tomberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._E._Waite" title="A. E. Waite">Arthur Edward Waite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Wirth" title="Oswald Wirth">Oswald Wirth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Major_Arcana" title="Major Arcana">Major Arcana</a><br />numbered cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">O</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Fool_(tarot_card)" title="The Fool (tarot card)">The Fool</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">I</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Magician_(tarot_card)" title="The Magician (tarot card)">The Magician</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">II</span> <a href="/wiki/The_High_Priestess" title="The High Priestess">The High Priestess</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">III</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Empress_(tarot_card)" title="The Empress (tarot card)">The Empress</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">IV</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_(tarot_card)" title="The Emperor (tarot card)">The Emperor</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">V</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hierophant" title="The Hierophant">The Hierophant</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Lovers" title="The Lovers">The Lovers</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Chariot_(tarot_card)" title="The Chariot (tarot card)">The Chariot</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">VIII (XI)</span> <a href="/wiki/Justice_(tarot_card)" title="Justice (tarot card)">Justice</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">IX</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hermit_(tarot_card)" title="The Hermit (tarot card)">The Hermit</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">X</span> <a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Fortune_(tarot_card)" title="Wheel of Fortune (tarot card)">Wheel of Fortune</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XI (VIII)</span> <a href="/wiki/Strength_(tarot_card)" title="Strength (tarot card)">Strength</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Hanged_Man_(tarot_card)" title="The Hanged Man (tarot card)">The Hanged Man</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIII</span> <a href="/wiki/Death_(tarot_card)" title="Death (tarot card)">Death</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIV</span> <a href="/wiki/Temperance_(tarot_card)" title="Temperance (tarot card)">Temperance</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XV</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Devil_(tarot_card)" title="The Devil (tarot card)">The Devil</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Tower_(tarot_card)" title="The Tower (tarot card)">The Tower</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(tarot_card)" title="The Star (tarot card)">The Star</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XVIII</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Moon_(tarot_card)" title="The Moon (tarot card)">The Moon</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XIX</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(tarot_card)" title="The Sun (tarot card)">The Sun</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XX</span> <a href="/wiki/Judgement_(tarot_card)" title="Judgement (tarot card)">Judgement</a></li> <li><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;">XXI</span> <a href="/wiki/The_World_(tarot_card)" title="The World (tarot card)">The World</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_Arcana" title="Minor Arcana">Minor Arcana</a><br />suit cards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_coins" title="Suit of coins">Coins, disks, or pentacles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Coins" title="Ace of Coins">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Coins" title="Two of Coins">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Coins" title="Three of Coins">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Coins" title="Four of Coins">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Coins" title="Five of Coins">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Coins" title="Six of Coins">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Coins" title="Seven of Coins">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Coins" title="Eight of Coins">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Coins" title="Nine of Coins">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Coins" title="Ten of Coins">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Coins" title="Page of Coins">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Coins" title="Knight of Coins">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Coins" title="Queen of Coins">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Coins" title="King of Coins">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_wands" title="Suit of wands">Wands, rods, staffs, or staves</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Wands_(tarot_card)" title="Ace of Wands (tarot card)">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Wands" title="Two of Wands">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Wands" title="Three of Wands">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Wands" title="Four of Wands">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Wands" title="Five of Wands">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Wands" title="Six of Wands">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Wands" title="Seven of Wands">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Wands" title="Eight of Wands">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Wands" title="Nine of Wands">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Wands" title="Ten of Wands">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Wands" title="Page of Wands">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Wands" title="Knight of Wands">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Wands" title="Queen of Wands">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Wands" title="King of Wands">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_cups" title="Suit of cups">Cups, goblets, or vessels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Cups" title="Ace of Cups">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Cups" title="Two of Cups">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Cups" title="Three of Cups">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Cups" title="Four of Cups">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Cups" title="Five of Cups">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Cups" title="Six of Cups">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Cups" title="Seven of Cups">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Cups" title="Eight of Cups">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Cups" title="Nine of Cups">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Cups" title="Ten of Cups">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Cups" title="Page of Cups">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Cups" title="Knight of Cups">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Cups" title="Queen of Cups">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Cups" title="King of Cups">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Suit_of_swords" title="Suit of swords">Swords or blades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ace_of_Swords" title="Ace of Swords">Ace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_of_Swords" title="Two of Swords">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_of_Swords" title="Three of Swords">Three</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_of_Swords" title="Four of Swords">Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_of_Swords" title="Five of Swords">Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_of_Swords" title="Six of Swords">Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_of_Swords" title="Seven of Swords">Seven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_of_Swords" title="Eight of Swords">Eight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine_of_Swords" title="Nine of Swords">Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_of_Swords" title="Ten of Swords">Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_Swords" title="Page of Swords">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_of_Swords" title="Knight of Swords">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Swords" title="Queen of Swords">Queen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_of_Swords" title="King of Swords">King</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Decks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B.O.T.A._tarot_deck" title="B.O.T.A. tarot deck">B.O.T.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarot_of_Marseilles" title="Tarot of Marseilles">Marseilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motherpeace_Tarot" title="Motherpeace Tarot">Motherpeace</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dali%27s_Tarot" title="Salvador Dali's Tarot">Salvador Dali's Tarot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola Busca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Tarot" title="Swiss Tarot">Swiss 1JJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider%E2%80%93Waite_Tarot" title="Rider–Waite Tarot">Rider–Waite</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pictorial_Key_to_the_Tarot" title="The Pictorial Key to the Tarot">The Pictorial Key to the Tarot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_Tarot" title="Thoth Tarot">Thoth Tarot</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Thoth" title="The Book of Thoth">The Book of Thoth</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cartomancy" title="Cartomancy">Cartomancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermetic_Qabalah" title="Hermetic Qabalah">Hermetic Qabalah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tarot</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarot_Garden" title="Tarot Garden">Tarot Garden</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tarot" title="Category:Tarot">Tarot category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Tarot_card_games" title="Category:Tarot card games">Card games category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Occult" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Occult">WikiProject Occult</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Religion" title="Portal:Religion">Religion portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583269#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4059078-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tarot (Game)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85132687">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tarot (divination)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945927d">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Tarot (divination)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945927d">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00960490">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="tarot"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116402&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000302371&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000061609&P_CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007560945305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarot&oldid=1257242573">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tarot&oldid=1257242573</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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