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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Garret A. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Garret FitzGerald</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Royal_Irish_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Royal Irish Academy">MRIA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Garret Adare FitzGerald</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1950-05-11</span>) </span>11 May 1950<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 74)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Greystones" title="Greystones">Greystones</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a><sup id="cite_ref-Irish_America_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish_America-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Republic of Ireland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_College" title="Belvedere College">Belvedere College</a><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> <span class="nowrap">(MB BCh, MD)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> (PgD)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a> (MSc)<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_for_Therapeutics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Circadian_rhythm" title="Circadian rhythm">Circadian rhythms</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular biology</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Molecular_clock" title="Molecular clock">Molecular clocks</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a><sup id="cite_ref-gs_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> (1980–1991)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_College,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, Dublin">University College, Dublin</a> (1991–1994)<br /><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> (1994–)</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.upenn.edu/fitzgeraldlab/personnel.html">www<wbr />.med<wbr />.upenn<wbr />.edu<wbr />/fitzgeraldlab<wbr />/personnel<wbr />.html</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Garret Adare FitzGerald</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Royal_Irish_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Royal Irish Academy">MRIA</a></span> <span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (born 11 May 1950) is an Irish physician. He is professor of translational medicine and therapeutics and chair of the department of pharmacology at the <a href="/wiki/Perelman_School_of_Medicine" title="Perelman School of Medicine">Perelman School of Medicine</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He researches aspects of <a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">cardiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">pharmacology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Translational_medicine" title="Translational medicine">translational medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chronobiology" title="Chronobiology">chronobiology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gs_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gs-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_A._FitzGerald&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FitzGerald was born in <a href="/wiki/Greystones" title="Greystones">Greystones</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a>, on 11 May 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_America_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish_America-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> acquiring an unabated passion for rugby.<sup id="cite_ref-Conner_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Belvedere_College" title="Belvedere College">Belvedere College</a>, a Jesuit school for boys in <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by his grandfather, who had been a professor of Greek, FitzGerald learned five languages at school including Greek and Latin.<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_America_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish_America-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FitzGerald went to study medicine at <a href="/wiki/University_College_Dublin" title="University College Dublin">University College Dublin</a> (UCD), where he received an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">MB BCh</a> (honours) degree in 1974 and an <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine#United_Kingdom,_Ireland_and_some_Commonwealth_countries" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a> degree in 1980. In between, he also obtained a <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_diploma" title="Postgraduate diploma">Postgraduate diploma</a> in statistics from <a href="/wiki/Trinity_College_Dublin" title="Trinity College Dublin">Trinity College Dublin</a> in 1977 and an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> degree in statistics at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_and_Tropical_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine">London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine</a> in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FitzGerald attributes his career in medicine to "a series of accidents".<sup id="cite_ref-Irish_America_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Irish_America-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his final examinations at UCD he was required to dissect the mouthparts of a cockroach. Peering through a microscope, FitzGerald discovered that he had lost one of the main pieces. Disaster seemed certain as he searched the floor on his hands and knees. The exam proctor came to help and eventually emerged with the tiny fragment stuck to her thumb. FitzGerald has stated that without her intervention he would never have become a physician.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_A._FitzGerald&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing his clinical training, FitzGerald took a research position at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_University" title="Vanderbilt University">Vanderbilt University</a> in 1980. He returned to Ireland in 1991 before relocating to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a> in 1994 as the founding director of the Center for Experimental Therapeutics (CET). He became chair of pharmacology in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-Conner_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Conner-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FitzGerald was a member of the Science Board to the <a href="/wiki/US_Food_and_Drug_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="US Food and Drug Administration">US Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA).<sup id="cite_ref-U_S_Food_and_Drug_Administration_Home_Page_2009_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U_S_Food_and_Drug_Administration_Home_Page_2009-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>FitzGerald's work contributed substantially to the development of low-dose <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a> to prevent heart attacks and strokes.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> FitzGerald's lab was the first to predict and then mechanistically explain the cardiovascular hazard from <a href="/wiki/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug" title="Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug">Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</a> (NSAIDs), a common class of painkiller.<sup id="cite_ref-Personnel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Personnel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work showing that selective <a href="/wiki/COX-2_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="COX-2 inhibitors">COX-2 inhibitors</a> depress the production of <a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">prostacyclin</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Endothelium" title="Endothelium">endothelium</a>, thereby increasing cardiovascular risk,<sup id="cite_ref-Grosser_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grosser-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was instrumental in the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Vioxx" class="mw-redirect" title="Vioxx">Vioxx</a> (rofecoxib) from the U.S. market in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Boyle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_A._FitzGerald&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>FitzGerald is a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_dei_Lincei" title="Accademia dei Lincei">Accademia dei Lincei</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences Leopoldina">Leopoldina</a>, and an honorary member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Irish_Academy" title="Royal Irish Academy">Royal Irish Academy</a>. </p> <ul><li>2004 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DSc</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Edinburgh" title="University of Edinburgh">University of Edinburgh</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2004 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DSc</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Ireland,_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="National University of Ireland, Dublin">National University of Ireland, Dublin</a><sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Dublin_Society#Boyle_Medal_for_Scientific_Excellence" title="Royal Dublin Society">Boyle Medal</a><sup id="cite_ref-Boyle_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Prize_for_Therapeutics_of_the_University_of_Edinburgh" title="Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh">Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh</a></li> <li>2007 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">MD</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Goethe_University_Frankfurt" title="Goethe University Frankfurt">Goethe University Frankfurt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/J._Allyn_Taylor_International_Prize_in_Medicine" title="J. Allyn Taylor International Prize in Medicine">Taylor Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-Robarts_Research_2018_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robarts_Research_2018-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2011 Jakob Herz Prize <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 Elected a <a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> (FRS)<sup id="cite_ref-frs_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/The_Louis_and_Artur_Lucian_Award_in_Cardiovascular_Diseases" title="The Louis and Artur Lucian Award in Cardiovascular Diseases">Lucian Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genest_Hébert_Martin_pp._975–977_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genest_Hébert_Martin_pp._975–977-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Scheele_Award" title="Scheele Award">Scheele Award</a><sup id="cite_ref-Apotekarsocieteten_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apotekarsocieteten-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_scientifique_de_la_Fondation_Lefoulon-Delalande" title="Grand Prix scientifique de la Fondation Lefoulon-Delalande">Lefoulon-Delalande Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-CNN_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/Schottenstein_Prize_in_Cardiovascular_Sciences" title="Schottenstein Prize in Cardiovascular Sciences">Schottenstein Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ohio_State_Heart_and_Vascular_Research_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ohio_State_Heart_and_Vascular_Research-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2013 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">DSc</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Perelman_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/Science_Foundation_Ireland#SFI_St._Patrick's_Day_Medal" title="Science Foundation Ireland">St. Patrick's Day Medal</a> from <a href="/wiki/Science_Foundation_Ireland" title="Science Foundation Ireland">Science Foundation Ireland</a></li> <li>2017 UCD Alumnus of the Year in Research, Innovation and Impact.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2018 Elected to the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Sciences_Leopoldina" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Sciences Leopoldina">German National Academy of Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-Penn_Medicine_2018_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penn_Medicine_2018-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctorate">Honorary Doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Surgeons_in_Ireland" title="Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland">Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2021 Honorary <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George">Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George</a> (CMG)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garret_A._FitzGerald&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gs-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gs_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gs_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u6GisbUAAAAJ">Garret A. FitzGerald</a> publications indexed by <a href="/wiki/Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166426#P1960" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Irish_America-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_America_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_America_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_America_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Irish_America_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarley2017" class="citation news cs1">Farley, Adam (6 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irishamerica.com/2014/07/dr-garret-fitzgerald-wants-to-build-bridges/">"Dr. Garret FitzGerald Wants to Build Bridges"</a>. <i>Irish America</i>. No. August/September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+America&rft.atitle=Dr.+Garret+FitzGerald+Wants+to+Build+Bridges&rft.issue=August%2FSeptember+2014&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft.aulast=Farley&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firishamerica.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fdr-garret-fitzgerald-wants-to-build-bridges%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarret+A.+FitzGerald" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Anon (2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U281224">"FitzGerald, Prof. Garret Adare"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who's Who</a></i> (online <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U281224">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U281224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=FitzGerald%2C+Prof.+Garret+Adare&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=online+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.U281224&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU281224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarret+A.+FitzGerald" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNN_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandau2013" class="citation web cs1">Landau, Elizabeth (21 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/21/health/garret-fitzgerald-aspirin/index.html">"Doctor is pain medicine 'visionary'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Doctor+is+pain+medicine+%27visionary%27&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2013%2F06%2F21%2Fhealth%2Fgarret-fitzgerald-aspirin%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGarret+A.+FitzGerald" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perelman-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perelman_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.med.upenn.edu/apps/faculty/index.php/g275/p9400">Garret A. 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href="/wiki/Shankar_Balasubramanian" title="Shankar Balasubramanian">Shankar Balasubramanian</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165232" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165232">Philip Bartlett</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bundy" title="Alan Bundy">Alan Bundy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Burroughes" title="Jeremy Burroughes">Jeremy Burroughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Dougan" title="Gordon Dougan">Gordon Dougan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Dougherty" title="Michele Dougherty">Michele Dougherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Dye" title="Christopher Dye">Christopher Dye</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Garret FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165068" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165068">Patrick Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hauser" title="Hermann Hauser">Hermann Hauser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Houston" title="Alasdair Houston">Alasdair Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hull" title="Chris Hull">Chris Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Jones_(biologist)" title="Steve Jones (biologist)">Steve Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Joyce" title="Dominic Joyce">Dominic Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rich_Kerswell" title="Rich Kerswell">Rich Kerswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Khare" title="Chandrashekhar Khare">Chandrashekhar Khare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Klenerman" title="David Klenerman">David Klenerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Kouzarides" title="Tony Kouzarides">Tony Kouzarides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Lande" title="Russell Lande">Russell Lande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Lewis_(biologist)" title="Julian Lewis (biologist)">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166270" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166270">Eddy Liew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Calman_Muir_MacLennan" title="Ian Calman Muir MacLennan">Ian MacLennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trevor_McDougall" title="Trevor McDougall">Trevor John McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McNamara_(mathematical_biologist)" title="John McNamara (mathematical biologist)">John McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Millar_(scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Millar (scientist)">Andrew Millar</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165865" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165865">David Morgan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165090" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165090">Hugh O'Neill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166774" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166774">Michael Petrides</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Robinson" title="Margaret Robinson">Margaret Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schmidt" title="Brian Schmidt">Brian Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_D._Thomas" title="Chris D. Thomas">Chris Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21165103" class="extiw" title="d:Q21165103">Hywel Rhys Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathukumalli_Vidyasagar" title="Mathukumalli Vidyasagar">Mathukumalli Vidyasagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._VijayRaghavan" class="mw-redirect" title="K. VijayRaghavan">Krishnaswamy VijayRaghavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejinder_Virdee" title="Tejinder Virdee">Tejinder Virdee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Waksman" title="Gabriel Waksman">Gabriel Waksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Walmsley" title="Ian Walmsley">Ian Walmsley</a></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166633" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166633">Mark Warner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166429" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166429">Timothy John Williams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166085" class="extiw" title="d:Q21166085">Stephen Withers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Wolpert" title="Daniel Wolpert">Daniel Wolpert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foreign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Bassler" title="Bonnie Bassler">Bonnie Bassler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Cicerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph J. Cicerone">Ralph J. Cicerone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelino_Corma_Canos" class="mw-redirect" title="Avelino Corma Canos">Avelino Corma Canos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dixon_(scientist)" title="Jack Dixon (scientist)">Jack E. Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Duboule" title="Denis Duboule">Denis Duboule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_R._Ehrlich" title="Paul R. Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhou_Guangzhao" title="Zhou Guangzhao">Zhou Guangzhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Reinhard Genzel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/80px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/120px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Creative_Commons_by_small.svg/160px-Creative_Commons_by_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/people/garret-fitzgerald-11441">text</a> available under the <a href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166426#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21166426#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89230969">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an67641975">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p121572234">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90772527">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007425402805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08339105?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=35376920900">Scopus</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=u6GisbUAAAAJ">Google Scholar</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/garret-a-fitzgerald/">Leopoldina</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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