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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%95-%E1%88%B1%E1%88%99-%E1%88%8A%E1%88%BA%E1%88%AD" title="ሲን-ሱሙ-ሊሺር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሲን-ሱሙ-ሊሺር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سين شومو ليشير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سين شومو ليشير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinxumulixir" title="Sinxumulixir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sinxumulixir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADn-%C5%A1umu-l%C3%AD%C5%A1ir" title="Sín-šumu-líšir – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sín-šumu-líšir" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" title="Sîn-šumu-līšir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sîn-šumu-līšir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-shumu-lisir" title="Sin-shumu-lisir – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sin-shumu-lisir" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88-%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="سین-شومو-لیشیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سین-شومو-لیشیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" title="Sin-shumu-lishir – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sin-shumu-lishir" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9D-%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8" title="סין-שום-לישיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סין-שום-לישיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სინ-შუმუ-ლიშირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სინ-შუმუ-ლიშირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%ADn-sum-lisir" title="Szín-sum-lisir – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szín-sum-lisir" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88_%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سين شومو ليشير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سين شومو ليشير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" title="Sin-shumu-lishir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sin-shumu-lishir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB" title="シン・シュム・リシル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シン・シュム・リシル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-sumu-lisur" title="Sin-sumu-lisur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sin-sumu-lisur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-szumu-liszir" title="Sin-szumu-liszir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sin-szumu-liszir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinsumulisir" title="Sinsumulisir – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sinsumulisir" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD-%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Син-шум-лишир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Син-шум-лишир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-%C5%A1umu-li%C5%A1ir" title="Sin-šumu-lišir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sin-šumu-lišir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-%C5%A1umu-li%C5%A1ir" title="Sin-šumu-lišir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sin-šumu-lišir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-shum-lisher" title="Sin-shum-lisher – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sin-shum-lisher" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" title="Sin-shumu-lishir – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sin-shumu-lishir" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BD-%D1%88%D1%83%D0%BC-%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%88%D1%96%D1%80" title="Сін-шум-лішір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сін-шум-лішір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B-%E8%88%92%E5%A7%86-%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="辛-舒姆-利希尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="辛-舒姆-利希尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q729114#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Sîn-šumu-līšir</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Assyria">King of Assyria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">King of Babylon</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sin-sum2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sin-sum2.png/220px-Sin-sum2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sin-sum2.png/330px-Sin-sum2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Sin-sum2.png/440px-Sin-sum2.png 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="556" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Undated seal impression from <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> depicting a "beardless king" fighting a lion.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbordt1992123_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbordt1992123-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since kings were always depicted with beards and <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuchs</a> always without them, it could depict Sîn-šumu-līšir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Usurper in the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">626 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1ar-i%C5%A1kun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-šar-iškun">Sîn-šar-iškun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Sîn-šar-iškun</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">626 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sîn-šumu-līšir<br />Sîn-šumu-lēšir</td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Sîn-šumu-līšir</b> or <b>Sîn-šumu-lēšir<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></b> (<a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Akkadian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian language">Neo-Assyrian Akkadian</a>: <span lang="akk"><span style="font-size:125%;font-family:Assurbanipal" lang="und-Xsux">𒀭𒌍𒈬𒋛𒁲</span></span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">Sîn-šumu-līšir</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassner2004355_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassner2004355-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">Sîn-šumu-lēšir</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "<a href="/wiki/Sin_(mythology)" title="Sin (mythology)">Sîn</a>, make the name prosper!"),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also spelled <b>Sin-shum-lishir</b>,<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> was a <a href="/wiki/Usurper" title="Usurper">usurper</a> king in the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a>, ruling some cities in northern <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> for three months in 626 BC during a revolt against the rule of the king <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1ar-i%C5%A1kun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-šar-iškun">Sîn-šar-iškun</a>. He was the only <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuch</a> to ever claim the throne of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>. </p><p>Nothing is known of Sîn-šumu-līšir's background or family and he first appears as a prominent courtier and general in the reign of <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1%C5%A1ur-etil-il%C4%81ni" title="Aššur-etil-ilāni">Aššur-etil-ilāni</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>631–627 BC). After the death of Aššur-etil-ilāni's father and predecessor <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> </span>669–631 BC), Sîn-šumu-līšir was instrumental in securing Aššur-etil-ilāni's rise to the throne and consolidating his position as king by defeating attempted revolts against his rule. It is possible that Sîn-šumu-līšir, as a prominent general close to the king, was the <i>de facto</i> ruler of Assyria throughout Aššur-etil-ilāni's reign. </p><p>Aššur-etil-ilāni died in 627 BC after a very short reign and in the following year, Sîn-šumu-līšir rebelled against Aššur-etil-ilāni's brother and successor Sîn-šar-iškun, possibly due to feeling that his prominent position was threatened by the rise of the new king. Sîn-šumu-līšir successfully seized cities such as <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> but was defeated by Sîn-šar-iškun after just three months. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sin-sum1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sin-sum1.png/220px-Sin-sum1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sin-sum1.png/330px-Sin-sum1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Sin-sum1.png/440px-Sin-sum1.png 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>Further "beardless king" seal impressions from <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, possibly depicting Sîn-šumu-līšir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Nothing is known of Sîn-šumu-līšir's background or family.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> He was a <a href="/wiki/Eunuch" title="Eunuch">eunuch</a> and probably already a prominent courtier during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a> (r. 669–631 BC).<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeick2002157_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeick2002157-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Eunuchs had often been appointed to prominent government positions in the Assyrian Empire because they could have no dynastic aspirations and thus in the mind of the Assyrians could not represent potential threats.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> After Ashurbanipal's death, Sîn-šumu-līšir played a key role in securing the rise of his son <a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1%C5%A1ur-etil-il%C4%81ni" title="Aššur-etil-ilāni">Aššur-etil-ilāni</a> to the throne, probably with the aid of his own private soldiers.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeick2002157_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeick2002157-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Sîn-šumu-līšir is then first mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrian</a> sources as the <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">rab ša rēši</i></span> (great/chief eunuch)<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> of Aššur-etil-ilāni.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> He is likely to have been the head of Aššur-etil-ilāni's household<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> and was probably a prominent general who had served the new king since his youth.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>As in many other successions in Assyrian history, Aššur-etil-ilāni's rise to the Assyrian throne in 631 BC was initially met with opposition and unrest.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991255_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991255-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> An official named Nabu-riḫtu-uṣur attempted to seize the Assyrian throne with the help of another official called Sîn-šar-ibni. As the king's <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">rab ša rēši</i></span>, it is likely that Sîn-šumu-līšir played a role in suppressing the conspiracy, which appears to have been crushed relatively quickly.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> In addition to suppressing the revolt, there is also a preserved tablet which records a treaty imposed by Sîn-šumu-līšir on three private individuals, guaranteeing Aššur-etil-ilāni's sovereignty.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson1987130_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1987130-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> The text of this treaty is highly similar to the succession treaties created by Aššur-etil-ilāni's grandfather <a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a> in the 670s BC to ensure the succession of Ashurbanipal.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarré198883_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarré198883-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Sîn-šumu-līšir is also recorded as receiving land from Aššur-etil-ilāni, possibly as a rewards for his service to the king.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>It is possible that Sîn-šumu-līšir, as a prominent general closely tied to the king, was the <span title="Latin-language romanization"><i lang="la-Latn">de facto</i></span> ruler of Assyria during Aššur-etil-ilāni's reign. Aššur-etil-ilāni died under obscure circumstances in 627 BC, after just four years as king. Aššur-etil-ilāni's <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonian</a> vassal king Kandalanu also died at roughly the same time and Aššur-etil-ilāni's brother <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1ar-i%C5%A1kun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-šar-iškun">Sîn-šar-iškun</a> assumed rulership of the entire <a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a>. Immediately after Sîn-šar-iškun became king, Sîn-šumu-līšir rebelled against him, possibly due to feeling that his prominent position was threatened by the rise of a new king.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991256_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991256-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> Though a military leader attempting to claim the throne during a time of crisis and succession wasn't necessarily unusual, the possibility that a eunuch would do so had never been entertained prior to Sîn-šumu-līšir's attempt.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddal2007236_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddal2007236-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> He was the only eunuch to ever claim the throne of Assyria.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> It is possible that a set of undated seal impressions from <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> containing the image of a beardless king could depict Sîn-šumu-līšir, as Assyrian kings were always depicted with beards but eunuchs were always depicted beardless.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>Seeking to seize power for himself, Sîn-šumu-līšir quickly took some key cities in northern Babylonia, including <a href="/wiki/Nippur" title="Nippur">Nippur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> itself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipschits200513_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipschits200513-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though his area of control was limited to parts of Babylonia, it is unclear if Sîn-šumu-līšir claimed the title "<a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">king of Babylon</a>" in addition to "<a href="/wiki/King_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Assyria">king of Assyria</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu1997386_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu1997386-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern historians typically include him in lists of Babylonian kings, as did some ancient Babylonian king lists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChen2020202–206_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020202–206-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018195_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018195-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sîn-šumu-līšir never successfully took control of the Assyrian Empire and his tenure as "king" in Nippur and Babylon lasted only three months before Sîn-šar-iškun successfully defeated him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipschits200513_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELipschits200513-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a later Babylonian <a href="/wiki/Epic_poetry" title="Epic poetry">epic</a>, the killing of Sîn-šumu-līšir, in the story called the "almighty commander of the eunuchs", is attributed to <a href="/wiki/Nabopolassar" title="Nabopolassar">Nabopolassar</a> (the first king of the <a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a>), rather than Sîn-šar-iškun.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>Despite being a usurper and not successfully taking control of the Assyrian heartland, Sîn-šumu-līšir is routinely listed in modern <a href="/wiki/Historiography" title="Historiography">historiography</a> as one of the final Assyrian kings, together with the legitimate rulers Aššur-etil-ilāni and Sîn-šar-iškun.<i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalley199448_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley199448-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">List of Assyrian kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerbordt1992123-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerbordt1992123_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerbordt1992">Herbordt 1992</a>, p. 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatanabe1999320_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatanabe1999">Watanabe 1999</a>, p. 320.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPerdueCarter201540_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPerdueCarter2015">Perdue & Carter 2015</a>, p. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGlassner2004355-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGlassner2004355_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGlassner2004">Glassner 2004</a>, p. 355.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oracc.iaas.upenn.edu/ctij/cbd/qpn/qpn.x0011586.html">"Sin-šumu-lišir [1] (RN)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Open_Richly_Annotated_Cuneiform_Corpus" title="Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus">Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania">University of Pennsylvania</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Richly+Annotated+Cuneiform+Corpus&rft.atitle=Sin-%C5%A1umu-li%C5%A1ir+%5B1%5D+%28RN%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foracc.iaas.upenn.edu%2Fctij%2Fcbd%2Fqpn%2Fqpn.x0011586.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oracc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/tcma/kulishinas/cbd/qpn-x-people/x00000210.html">"Sin-šumu-lišir [1] (PN)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Open_Richly_Annotated_Cuneiform_Corpus" title="Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus">Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Maximilian_University_of_Munich" title="Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich">Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Open+Richly+Annotated+Cuneiform+Corpus&rft.atitle=Sin-%C5%A1umu-li%C5%A1ir+%5B1%5D+%28PN%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foracc.ub.uni-muenchen.de%2Ftcma%2Fkulishinas%2Fcbd%2Fqpn-x-people%2Fx00000210.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReallexikon_12524_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReallexikon_12">Reallexikon 12</a>, p. 524.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAhmed2018121_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAhmed2018">Ahmed 2018</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOates1992172-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOates1992172_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOates1992">Oates 1992</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeick2002157-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeick2002157_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeick2002157_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeick2002">Leick 2002</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991255-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991255_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNa’aman1991">Na’aman 1991</a>, p. 255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrayson1987130-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrayson1987130_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrayson1987">Grayson 1987</a>, p. 130.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarré198883-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarré198883_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarré1988">Barré 1988</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991256-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa’aman1991256_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNa’aman1991">Na’aman 1991</a>, p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiddal2007236-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiddal2007236_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiddal2007">Siddal 2007</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELipschits200513-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipschits200513_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELipschits200513_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLipschits2005">Lipschits 2005</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu1997386-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu1997386_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu1997">Beaulieu 1997</a>, p. 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChen2020202–206-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChen2020202–206_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChen2020">Chen 2020</a>, pp. 202–206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018195-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeaulieu2018195_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeaulieu2018">Beaulieu 2018</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalley199448-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalley199448_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalley1994">Dalley 1994</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed2018" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Sami Said (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ibF6DwAAQBAJ&q=Sin-apla-iddina"><i>Southern Mesopotamia in the time of Ashurbanipal</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3111033587" title="Special:BookSources/978-3111033587"><bdi>978-3111033587</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Southern+Mesopotamia+in+the+time+of+Ashurbanipal&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3111033587&rft.aulast=Ahmed&rft.aufirst=Sami+Said&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DibF6DwAAQBAJ%26q%3DSin-apla-iddina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarré1988" class="citation journal cs1">Barré, Michael L. (1988). "A Note on the Sin-Shumu-Lishir Treaty". <i>Journal of Cuneiform Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (1): 81–83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1359710">10.2307/1359710</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1359710">1359710</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163601943">163601943</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cuneiform+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+the+Sin-Shumu-Lishir+Treaty&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=81-83&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163601943%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1359710%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1359710&rft.aulast=Barr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Michael+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu1997" class="citation journal cs1">Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/1821361">"The Fourth Year of Hostilities in the Land"</a>. <i>Baghdader Mitteilungen</i>. <b>28</b>: 367–394.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baghdader+Mitteilungen&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+Year+of+Hostilities+in+the+Land&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=367-394&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=Paul-Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F1821361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaulieu2018" class="citation book cs1">Beaulieu, Paul-Alain (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yMhQDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Dynasty+of+E%22&pg=PA12"><i>A History of Babylon, 2200 BC - AD 75</i></a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405188999" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405188999"><bdi>978-1405188999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Babylon%2C+2200+BC+-+AD+75&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1405188999&rft.aulast=Beaulieu&rft.aufirst=Paul-Alain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyMhQDwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Dynasty%2Bof%2BE%2522%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2020" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Fei (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/9789004430921/back-2.xml">"A List of Babylonian Kings"</a>. <i>Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur</i>. BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004430921" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004430921"><bdi>978-9004430921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+List+of+Babylonian+Kings&rft.btitle=Study+on+the+Synchronistic+King+List+from+Ashur&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-9004430921&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2F9789004430921%2Fback-2.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalley1994" class="citation journal cs1">Dalley, Stephanie (1994). "Nineveh, Babylon and the Hanging Gardens: Cuneiform and Classical Sources Reconciled". <i>Iraq</i>. <b>56</b>: 45–58. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021088900002801">10.1017/S0021088900002801</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4200384">4200384</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194106498">194106498</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iraq&rft.atitle=Nineveh%2C+Babylon+and+the+Hanging+Gardens%3A+Cuneiform+and+Classical+Sources+Reconciled&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=45-58&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194106498%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4200384%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021088900002801&rft.aulast=Dalley&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Da-Riva, Rocío, "Sippar in the Reign of Sîn-šum-līšir (626 BC)", Altorientalische Forschungen 28.1, pp. 40-64, 2001</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassner2004" class="citation book cs1">Glassner, Jean-Jacques (2004). <i>Mesopotamian Chronicles</i>. 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Jh. v. Chr</i>. The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-45-6047-7" title="Special:BookSources/951-45-6047-7"><bdi>951-45-6047-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuassyrische+Glyptik+des+8.-7.+Jh.+v.+Chr.&rft.pub=The+Neo-Assyrian+Text+Corpus+Project&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=951-45-6047-7&rft.aulast=Herbordt&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeick2002" class="citation book cs1">Leick, Gwendolyn (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nAGFAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Ashur-etel-ilani%22&pg=PA28"><i>Who's Who in the Ancient Near East</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415132312" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415132312"><bdi>978-0415132312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0415132312&rft.aulast=Leick&rft.aufirst=Gwendolyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnAGFAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Ashur-etel-ilani%2522%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLipschits2005" class="citation book cs1">Lipschits, Oled (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=78nRWgb-rp8C&q=fall+of+nimrud+medes&pg=PA18"><i>The Fall and Rise of Jerusalem: Judah under Babylonian Rule</i></a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1575060958" title="Special:BookSources/978-1575060958"><bdi>978-1575060958</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fall+and+Rise+of+Jerusalem%3A+Judah+under+Babylonian+Rule&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1575060958&rft.aulast=Lipschits&rft.aufirst=Oled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D78nRWgb-rp8C%26q%3Dfall%2Bof%2Bnimrud%2Bmedes%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNa’aman1991" class="citation journal cs1">Na’aman, Nadav (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/13458703">"Chronology and History in the Late Assyrian Empire (631—619 B.C.)"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift für Assyriologie</i>. <b>81</b> (1–2): 243–267. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fzava.1991.81.1-2.243">10.1515/zava.1991.81.1-2.243</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159785150">159785150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Assyriologie&rft.atitle=Chronology+and+History+in+the+Late+Assyrian+Empire+%28631%E2%80%94619+B.C.%29&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=243-267&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fzava.1991.81.1-2.243&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159785150%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Na%E2%80%99aman&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F13458703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOates1992" class="citation book cs1">Oates, Joan (1992). 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Bloomsbury Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0567054098" title="Special:BookSources/978-0567054098"><bdi>978-0567054098</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+Empire%3A+A+Postcolonial+History+of+Israel+and+Early+Judaism&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0567054098&rft.aulast=Perdue&rft.aufirst=Leo+G.&rft.au=Carter%2C+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoA50BgAAQBAJ%26q%3DSin-shumu-lisher%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReallexikon_12" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schaudig, H. (2009–2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/7817626">"Sîn-šumu-līšir"</a>. <i>Reallexikon der Assyriologie</i>. Vol. 12. De Gruyter.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2009%2F2011&rft.aulast=Schaudig&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F7817626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiddal2007" class="citation book cs1">Siddal, L. R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kIes8_0wX5MC&q=%22Sin-sum-lisir%22&pg=PA236">"A Re-Examination of the Title <span title="Akkadian-language romanization"><i lang="akk-Latn">ša reši</i></span> in the Neo-Assyrian period"</a>. In Azize, Joseph; Weeks, Noel (eds.). <i>Gilgames̆ and the World of Assyria: Proceedings of the Conference Held at Mandelbaum House, the University of Sydney, 21-23 July, 2004</i>. Peeters Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789042918023" title="Special:BookSources/9789042918023"><bdi>9789042918023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Re-Examination+of+the+Title+%3Cspan+title%3D%22Akkadian-language+romanization%22%3E%3Ci+lang%3D%22akk-Latn%22%3E%C5%A1a+re%C5%A1i%3C%2Fi%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E+in+the+Neo-Assyrian+period&rft.btitle=Gilgames%CC%86+and+the+World+of+Assyria%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Conference+Held+at+Mandelbaum+House%2C+the+University+of+Sydney%2C+21-23+July%2C+2004&rft.pub=Peeters+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9789042918023&rft.aulast=Siddal&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkIes8_0wX5MC%26q%3D%2522Sin-sum-lisir%2522%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatanabe1999" class="citation book cs1">Watanabe, Kazuko (1999). "Seals of Neo-Assyrian Officials". In Watanabe, Kazuko (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/35485558"><i>Priests and Officials in the Ancient Near East</i></a>. Universitätsverlag C. Winter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8253-0533-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-8253-0533-3"><bdi>3-8253-0533-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seals+of+Neo-Assyrian+Officials&rft.btitle=Priests+and+Officials+in+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4tsverlag+C.+Winter&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=3-8253-0533-3&rft.aulast=Watanabe&rft.aufirst=Kazuko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F35485558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AS%C3%AEn-%C5%A1umu-l%C4%AB%C5%A1ir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>Sîn-šumu-līšir </div><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-size:90%; margin:2em"> <b>Died:</b> 626 BC</span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1ar-i%C5%A1kun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-šar-iškun">Sîn-šar-iškun</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Assyria">King of Assyria</a><br /><small>(Usurper)</small> </b><br />626 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-%C5%A1ar-i%C5%A1kun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sîn-šar-iškun">Sîn-šar-iškun</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kandalanu" title="Kandalanu">Kandalanu</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Babylon">King of Babylon</a> </b><br />626 BC </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Assyrian_kings" title="Template:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Assyrian_kings" title="Template talk:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Assyrian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Assyria" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kings of Assyria</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">List of Assyrian kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Royal titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings#Early_Assyrian_rulers" title="List of Assyrian kings">Legendary kings and early governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings#Later_Assyrian_kingship" title="List of Assyrian kings">Later kingship</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyrian period</a><br /><small>(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2025–1364 BC)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_I" title="Puzur-Ashur I">Puzur-Ashur I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalim-ahum" title="Shalim-ahum">Shalim-ahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilu-shuma" title="Ilu-shuma">Ilu-shuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_I" title="Erishum I">Erishum I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikunum" title="Ikunum">Ikunum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_I" title="Sargon I">Sargon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_II" title="Puzur-Ashur II">Puzur-Ashur II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Assyria" title="Naram-Sin of Assyria">Naram-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_II" title="Erishum II">Erishum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I">Shamshi-Adad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mut-Ashkur" title="Mut-Ashkur">Mut-Ashkur</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimush_of_Assyria" title="Rimush of Assyria">Rimush</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asinum" title="Asinum">Asinum</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Sin" title="Puzur-Sin">Puzur-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dugul" title="Ashur-dugul">Ashur-dugul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-apla-idi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-apla-idi">Ashur-apla-idi</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasir-Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-Sin">Nasir-Sin</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-namir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-namir">Sin-namir</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipqi-Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipqi-Ishtar">Ipqi-Ishtar</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-salulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad-salulu">Adad-salulu</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adasi_(Assyria)" title="Adasi (Assyria)">Adasi</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-bani" title="Bel-bani">Bel-bani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libaya" title="Libaya">Libaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad I">Sharma-Adad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iptar-Sin" title="Iptar-Sin">Iptar-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazaya" title="Bazaya">Bazaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullaya" title="Lullaya">Lullaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu-Ninua" title="Shu-Ninua">Shu-Ninua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad II">Sharma-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erishum_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Erishum III">Erishum III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_II" title="Shamshi-Adad II">Shamshi-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_II" title="Ishme-Dagan II">Ishme-Dagan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_III" title="Shamshi-Adad III">Shamshi-Adad III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_I" title="Ashur-nirari I">Ashur-nirari I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_III" title="Puzur-Ashur III">Puzur-Ashur III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nasir_I" title="Enlil-nasir I">Enlil-nasir I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur-ili" title="Nur-ili">Nur-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-shaduni" title="Ashur-shaduni">Ashur-shaduni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_I" title="Ashur-rabi I">Ashur-rabi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_I" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe I">Ashur-nadin-ahhe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-Nasir_II" title="Enlil-Nasir II">Enlil-Nasir II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_II" title="Ashur-nirari II">Ashur-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-nisheshu" title="Ashur-bel-nisheshu">Ashur-bel-nisheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rim-nisheshu" title="Ashur-rim-nisheshu">Ashur-rim-nisheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_II" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe II">Ashur-nadin-ahhe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_I" title="Eriba-Adad I">Eriba-Adad I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyrian Empire</a><br /><small>(<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1363–912 BC)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_I" title="Ashur-uballit I">Ashur-uballit I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nirari" title="Enlil-nirari">Enlil-nirari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arik-den-ili" title="Arik-den-ili">Arik-den-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_I" title="Adad-nirari I">Adad-nirari I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_I" title="Shalmaneser I">Shalmaneser I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_I" title="Tukulti-Ninurta I">Tukulti-Ninurta I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-apli" title="Ashur-nadin-apli">Ashur-nadin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_III" title="Ashur-nirari III">Ashur-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-kudurri-usur" title="Enlil-kudurri-usur">Enlil-kudurri-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apal-Ekur" title="Ninurta-apal-Ekur">Ninurta-apal-Ekur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_I" title="Ashur-dan I">Ashur-dan I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur" title="Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur">Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutakkil-Nusku" title="Mutakkil-Nusku">Mutakkil-Nusku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_I" title="Ashur-resh-ishi I">Ashur-resh-ishi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_I" title="Tiglath-Pileser I">Tiglath-Pileser I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asharid-apal-Ekur" title="Asharid-apal-Ekur">Asharid-apal-Ekur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-kala" title="Ashur-bel-kala">Ashur-bel-kala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_II" title="Eriba-Adad II">Eriba-Adad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_IV" title="Shamshi-Adad IV">Shamshi-Adad IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_I" title="Ashurnasirpal I">Ashurnasirpal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_II" title="Shalmaneser II">Shalmaneser II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_IV" title="Ashur-nirari IV">Ashur-nirari IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_II" title="Ashur-rabi II">Ashur-rabi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_II" title="Ashur-resh-ishi II">Ashur-resh-ishi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_II" title="Tiglath-Pileser II">Tiglath-Pileser II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_II" title="Ashur-dan II">Ashur-dan II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a><br /><small>(911–609 BC)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_II" title="Tukulti-Ninurta II">Tukulti-Ninurta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Shamshi-Adad V">Shamshi-Adad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-dan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-etil-ilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-etil-ilani">Ashur-etil-ilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-shumu-lishir">Sin-shumu-lishir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_II" title="Ashur-uballit II">Ashur-uballit II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kings_of_Babylon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Babylonian_kings" title="Template:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Babylonian_kings" title="Template talk:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Babylonian_kings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Babylonian kings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kings_of_Babylon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Kings of Babylon</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Babylon" title="List of kings of Babylon">List of kings of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Royal titles</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Kings  <span class="nobold">(<i>foreign ruler</i></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><u>vassal king</u></span></li><li><span class="nobold">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Babylonian_Empire" title="Old Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian Empire</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1894–1595 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Amorite_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite dynasty">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumu-abum" title="Sumu-abum">Sumu-abum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumu-la-El" title="Sumu-la-El">Sumu-la-El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabium" title="Sabium">Sabium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apil-Sin" title="Apil-Sin">Apil-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin-Muballit" title="Sin-Muballit">Sin-Muballit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abi-Eshuh" title="Abi-Eshuh">Abi-Eshuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammi-Ditana" title="Ammi-Ditana">Ammi-Ditana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammi-Saduqa" title="Ammi-Saduqa">Ammi-Saduqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsu-Ditana" title="Samsu-Ditana">Samsu-Ditana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Sealand_dynasty" title="First Sealand dynasty">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilum-ma-ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilum-ma-ili">Ilum-ma-ili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itti-ili-nibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Itti-ili-nibi">Itti-ili-nibi</a></li> <li>Unknown king (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damqi-ilishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Damqi-ilishu">Damqi-ilishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishkibal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishkibal">Ishkibal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shushushi">Shushushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulkishar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulkishar">Gulkishar</a></li> <li><sup>m</sup>DIŠ+U-EN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peshgaldaramesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshgaldaramesh">Peshgaldaramesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayadaragalama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayadaragalama">Ayadaragalama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akurduana" class="mw-redirect" title="Akurduana">Akurduana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melamkurkurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melamkurkurra">Melamkurkurra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ea-gamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ea-gamil">Ea-gamil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassite period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1729–1157 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="III" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Kassite_dynasty" title="Kassite dynasty">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandash" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandash">Gandash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Agum I">Agum I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashtiliash I">Kashtiliash I</a></li> <li>Unknown king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abi-Rattash" class="mw-redirect" title="Abi-Rattash">Abi-Rattash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashtiliash II">Kashtiliash II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urzigurumash" class="mw-redirect" title="Urzigurumash">Urzigurumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_II" title="Agum II">Agum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harba-Shipak" class="mw-redirect" title="Harba-Shipak">Harba-Shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipta%27ulzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shipta'ulzi">Shipta'ulzi</a></li> <li>Unknown king</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnaburiash_I" title="Burnaburiash I">Burnaburiash I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulamburiash" title="Ulamburiash">Ulamburiash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_III" title="Kashtiliash III">Kashtiliash III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_III" title="Agum III">Agum III</a></li> <li>Kadashman-Sah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaindash" title="Karaindash">Karaindash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_I" title="Kadashman-Harbe I">Kadashman-Harbe I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_I" title="Kurigalzu I">Kurigalzu I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burna-Buriash_II" title="Burna-Buriash II">Burna-Buriash II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kara-hardash" title="Kara-hardash">Kara-hardash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Bugash" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-Bugash">Nazi-Bugash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_II" title="Kurigalzu II">Kurigalzu II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maruttash" title="Nazi-Maruttash">Nazi-Maruttash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Turgu" title="Kadashman-Turgu">Kadashman-Turgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_II" title="Kadashman-Enlil II">Kadashman-Enlil II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudur-Enlil" title="Kudur-Enlil">Kudur-Enlil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shagarakti-Shuriash" title="Shagarakti-Shuriash">Shagarakti-Shuriash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_IV" title="Kashtiliash IV">Kashtiliash IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-shumi" title="Enlil-nadin-shumi">Enlil-nadin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_II" title="Kadashman-Harbe II">Kadashman-Harbe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-iddina" title="Adad-shuma-iddina">Adad-shuma-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-usur" title="Adad-shuma-usur">Adad-shuma-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meli-Shipak_II" title="Meli-Shipak II">Meli-Shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_I" title="Marduk-apla-iddina I">Marduk-apla-iddina I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zababa-shuma-iddin" title="Zababa-shuma-iddin">Zababa-shuma-iddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-ahi" title="Enlil-nadin-ahi">Enlil-nadin-ahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Babylonian_period" title="Middle Babylonian period">Middle Babylonian period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1157–732 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Isin" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dynasty of Isin">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-kabit-ahheshu" title="Marduk-kabit-ahheshu">Marduk-kabit-ahheshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itti-Marduk-balatu_(king)" title="Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)">Itti-Marduk-balatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-nadin-shumi" title="Ninurta-nadin-shumi">Ninurta-nadin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I" title="Nebuchadnezzar I">Nebuchadnezzar I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-apli" title="Enlil-nadin-apli">Enlil-nadin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-nadin-ahhe" title="Marduk-nadin-ahhe">Marduk-nadin-ahhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-shapik-zeri" title="Marduk-shapik-zeri">Marduk-shapik-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-ahhe-eriba" title="Marduk-ahhe-eriba">Marduk-ahhe-eriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zer-X" title="Marduk-zer-X">Marduk-zer-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shum-libur" title="Nabu-shum-libur">Nabu-shum-libur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sealand_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Sealand dynasty">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simbar-shipak" title="Simbar-shipak">Simbar-shipak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ea-mukin-zeri" title="Ea-mukin-zeri">Ea-mukin-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashshu-nadin-ahi" title="Kashshu-nadin-ahi">Kashshu-nadin-ahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Bazi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazi dynasty">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eulmash-shakin-shumi" title="Eulmash-shakin-shumi">Eulmash-shakin-shumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_I" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur I">Ninurta-kudurri-usur I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirikti-shuqamuna" title="Shirikti-shuqamuna">Shirikti-shuqamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Elamite_dynasty" title="Elamite dynasty">VII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-apla-usur" title="Mar-biti-apla-usur">Mar-biti-apla-usur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty_of_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasty of E">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nab%C3%BB-mukin-apli" title="Nabû-mukin-apli">Nabû-mukin-apli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_II" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur II">Ninurta-kudurri-usur II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina" title="Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina">Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamash-mudammiq" title="Shamash-mudammiq">Shamash-mudammiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ukin_I" title="Nabu-shuma-ukin I">Nabu-shuma-ukin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-apla-iddina" title="Nabu-apla-iddina">Nabu-apla-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_I" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi I">Marduk-zakir-shumi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-balassu-iqbi" title="Marduk-balassu-iqbi">Marduk-balassu-iqbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba-aha-iddina" title="Baba-aha-iddina">Baba-aha-iddina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apla-X" title="Ninurta-apla-X">Ninurta-apla-X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-bel-zeri" title="Marduk-bel-zeri">Marduk-bel-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-usur" title="Marduk-apla-usur">Marduk-apla-usur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eriba-Marduk" title="Eriba-Marduk">Eriba-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ishkun" title="Nabu-shuma-ishkun">Nabu-shuma-ishkun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabonassar" title="Nabonassar">Nabonassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-nadin-zeri" title="Nabu-nadin-zeri">Nabu-nadin-zeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-suma-ukin_II" title="Nabu-suma-ukin II">Nabu-suma-ukin II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(732–626 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="IX" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_dynasty_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian dynasty of Babylon">IX</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabu-mukin-zeri" title="Nabu-mukin-zeri">Nabu-mukin-zeri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_II" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi II">Marduk-zakir-shumi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Bel-ibni" title="Bel-ibni">Bel-ibni</a></u></li> <li><u><i><a href="/wiki/A%C5%A1%C5%A1ur-n%C4%81din-%C5%A1umi" title="Aššur-nādin-šumi">Aššur-nādin-šumi</a></i></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nergal-ushezib" title="Nergal-ushezib">Nergal-ushezib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushezib-Marduk" title="Mushezib-Marduk">Mushezib-Marduk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></i></li> <li><u><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ama%C5%A1-%C5%A1uma-ukin" title="Šamaš-šuma-ukin">Šamaš-šuma-ukin</a></i></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></i></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kandalanu" title="Kandalanu">Kandalanu</a></u></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sîn-šumu-līšir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(626–539 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="X" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_dynasty" title="Chaldean dynasty">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:1.0em 0.2em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nabopolassar" title="Nabopolassar">Nabopolassar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amel-Marduk" title="Amel-Marduk">Amel-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neriglissar" title="Neriglissar">Neriglissar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labashi-Marduk" title="Labashi-Marduk">Labashi-Marduk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabonidus" title="Nabonidus">Nabonidus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Babylon_under_foreign_rule_(539_BC_–_AD_224)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><small>Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)</small></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(539–331 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XI" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_dynasty" title="Achaemenid dynasty">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bardiya" title="Bardiya">Bardiya</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_III" title="Nebuchadnezzar III">Nebuchadnezzar III</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_IV" title="Nebuchadnezzar IV">Nebuchadnezzar IV</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamash-eriba" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamash-eriba">Shamash-eriba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bel-shimanni" class="mw-redirect" title="Bel-shimanni">Bel-shimanni</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_II" title="Xerxes II">Xerxes II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sogdianus" title="Sogdianus">Sogdianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Artaxerxes IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nidin-Bel" title="Nidin-Bel">Nidin-Bel</a> (?)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(331–141 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I Monophthalmus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_dynasty" title="Seleucid dynasty">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I Soter</a></i></li> <li><i>Seleucus</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II Theos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II Callinicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III Ceraunus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III Megas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_(son_of_Antiochus_III_the_Great)" title="Antiochus (son of Antiochus III the Great)">Antiochus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV Philopator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV Epiphanes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_(son_of_Seleucus_IV)" title="Antiochus (son of Seleucus IV)">Antiochus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V Eupator</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timarchus" title="Timarchus">Timarchus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I Soter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander Balas</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II Nicator</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:13em"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian period</a><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(141 BC – AD 224)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mithridates I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rinnu" title="Rinnu">Rinnu</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII_Sidetes" title="Antiochus VII Sidetes">Antiochus VII Sidetes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates II</a></i></li> <li><i>Ubulna</i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyspaosines" title="Hyspaosines">Hyspaosines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus I of Parthia">Artabanus I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates II of Parthia">Mithridates II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes I</a></i></li> <li><i>Asi'abatar</i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orodes_I_of_Parthia" title="Orodes I of Parthia">Orodes I</a></i></li> <li><i>Ispubarza</i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces of Parthia">Sinatruces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phraates_III" title="Phraates III">Phraates III</a></i></li> <li><i>Piriustana</i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i>Teleuniqe</i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I">Vardanes I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II" title="Gotarzes II">Gotarzes II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vologases_III_of_Parthia" title="Vologases III of Parthia">Vologases III</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus IV of Parthia">Artabanus IV</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_Babylon" title="Category:Kings of Babylon">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neo-Assyrian_Empire_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resettlement_policy_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Resettlement policy of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Resettlement policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Queens of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Queens</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rulers" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_II" title="Tukulti-Ninurta II">Tukulti-Ninurta II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Shamshi-Adad V">Shamshi-Adad V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shammuramat" title="Shammuramat">Shammuramat</a> (regent?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-Dan III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-etil-ilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-etil-ilani">Ashur-etil-ilani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-shumu-lishir">Sin-shumu-lishir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_II" title="Ashur-uballit II">Ashur-uballit II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_communications_in_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="State communications in the Neo-Assyrian Empire">State communications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_sculpture" title="Assyrian sculpture">Assyrian sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish_Reliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish Reliefs">Lachish Reliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Category:Neo-Assyrian Empire">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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kings of Babylon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:626_BC_deaths" title="Category:626 BC deaths">626 BC deaths</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Neo-Assyrian_Akkadian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text">Articles containing Neo-Assyrian Akkadian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> 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