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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Battle_of_Chamkaur" title="Special:EditPage/Battle of Chamkaur">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22">"Battle of Chamkaur"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Chamkaur%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Chamkaur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Chamkaur">First Battle of Chamkaur</a>, another previous battle in 1702 at the same location.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Chamkaur</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <b><a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars">Mughal-Sikh Wars</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States-Sikh Wars">Hill States-Sikh Wars</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6 December 1705<sup id="cite_ref-Gobind_Singh_,Guru_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gobind_Singh_,Guru-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1704<sup id="cite_ref-Singha_2000_page=43_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singha_2000_page=43-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Near the village of <a href="/wiki/Chamkaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamkaur">Chamkaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rupnagar_district" title="Rupnagar district">Rupnagar district</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab, India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Mughal and Hindu Hill Chief victory<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eos_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/30px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/45px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/60px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilaspur_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/30px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/45px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/60px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> Alliance of <a href="/wiki/Hill_States_of_India" title="Hill States of India">Hill States</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/30px-Sikh_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/45px-Sikh_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/60px-Sikh_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <b>Mughal Commanders</b> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_(Sirhind)" title="Wazir Khan (Sirhind)">Wazir Khan</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> Zabardast Khan</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> Khwaja Muhammad (<a href="/wiki/Wounded_in_action" title="Wounded in action"><abbr title="Wounded in action">WIA</abbr></a>)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> Nahar Khan <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/25px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/38px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg/50px-Alam_of_the_Mughal_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> Mu'nim Khan<sup id="cite_ref-Fenech2013p14_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenech2013p14-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ghairat Khan <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilaspur_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/30px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/45px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Bilaspur_flag.svg/60px-Bilaspur_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> Hill State Commanders </p> <ul><li>Ajmer Chand</li> <li>Fateh Shah</li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sikh_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/25px-Sikh_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/38px-Sikh_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Sikh_flag.jpg/50px-Sikh_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="496" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daya_Singh" title="Daya Singh">Daya Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharam_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Dharam Singh (Sikhism)">Dharam Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohkam_Singh" title="Mohkam Singh">Mohkam Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himmat_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Himmat Singh (Sikhism)">Himmat Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahib Singh (Sikhism)">Sahib Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alam_Singh_Nachna" title="Alam Singh Nachna">Alam Singh Nachna</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Ajit Singh (Sikhism)">Ajit Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujhar_Singh" title="Jujhar Singh">Jujhar Singh</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> Unknown, but much larger<sup id="cite_ref-Singha2000_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singha2000-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Gobind Singh's <i><a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(letter)" title="Zafarnama (letter)">Zafarnama</a></i> metaphorically states that the Mughal soldiers numbered 1 million)</span><sup id="cite_ref-ZFN_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZFN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZFN2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZFN2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZFN3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZFN3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DG_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DG-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 40<sup id="cite_ref-ZFN2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZFN2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ZFN_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZFN-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <ul><li>Khwaja Muhammad injured</li> <li>Nahar Khan killed</li> <li>Ghairat Khan killed</li> <li>Innumerable Mughal soldiers Killed.</li></ul></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Ajit Singh (Sikhism)">Ajit Singh</a> killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujhar_Singh" title="Jujhar Singh">Jujhar Singh</a> killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohkam_Singh" title="Mohkam Singh">Mohkam Singh</a> killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himmat_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Himmat Singh (Sikhism)">Bhai Himmat Singh</a> killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahib_Singh_(Sikhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahib Singh (Sikhism)">Sahib Singh</a> killed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_(Sikh_warrior)" title="Sangat Singh (Sikh warrior)">Sangat Singh</a> killed</li> <li>31 other Sikh soldiers killed<sup id="cite_ref-dalbirsingh144_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dalbirsingh144-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Aurangzeb" title="Template:Campaignbox Aurangzeb"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Aurangzeb" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Aurangzeb"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Aurangzeb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Aurangzeb"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Campaigns_of_Aurangzeb" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:99%;">Campaigns of <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="font-size:95%;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bidar" title="Siege of Bidar">Bidar (1657)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dharmat" title="Battle of Dharmat">Dharmat (1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Samugarh (1658)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khajwa" title="Battle of Khajwa">Khajwa (1659)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chakan" title="Battle of Chakan">Chakan (1660)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Surat">Surat (1664)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Purandar" title="Battle of Purandar">Purandar (1665)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sinhagad" title="Battle of Sinhagad">Sinhagad (1670)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saraighat" title="Battle of Saraighat">Saraighat (1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Salher" title="Battle of Salher">Salher (1672)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bhupalgarh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Bhupalgarh (page does not exist)">Bhupalgarh (1679)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ramsej" title="Siege of Ramsej">Ramsej (1682–88)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kalyan" title="Battle of Kalyan">Kalyan (1683)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Bijapur" title="Siege of Bijapur">Bijapur (1685–86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golconda" title="Siege of Golconda">Golconda (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wai" title="Battle of Wai">Wai (1687)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raigarh_(1689)" title="Battle of Raigarh (1689)">Raigarh (1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jinji" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jinji">Jinji (1690–98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun (1691)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guler_(1696)" title="Battle of Guler (1696)">Guler (1696)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1700)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1700)">Anandpur (1700)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">Anandpur (1701)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khelna" title="Battle of Khelna">Khelna (1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raigarh_(1703-1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Raigarh (1703-1704)">Raigarh (1703–04)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torna" title="Battle of Torna">Torna (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wagingera" title="Siege of Wagingera">Wagingera (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa (1704)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chamkaur (1705)</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Late_Mughal-Sikh_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Late_Mughal-Sikh_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Late Mughal-Sikh Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Late_Mughal-Sikh_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Late Mughal-Sikh Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Late_Mughal-Sikh_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Late Mughal-Sikh Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Late_Mughal-Sikh_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em">Late <a href="/wiki/Mughal-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal-Sikh Wars"><span class="wrap">Mughal-Sikh Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Nadaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guler_(1696)" title="Battle of Guler (1696)">Guler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taragarh" title="Battle of Taragarh">Taragarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1700)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1700)">Anandpur (1st, 1700)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1700)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1700)">Anandpur (2nd, 1700)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Chamkaur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Chamkaur">Chamkaur (1st)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur_(1704)" title="First Battle of Anandpur (1704)">Anandpur (1st, 1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Anandpur (1704)">Anandpur (2nd, 1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Chamkaur (2nd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Muktsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajau" title="Battle of Jajau">Jajau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amritsar_(1709)" title="Battle of Amritsar (1709)">Amritsar (1709)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sonepat" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sonepat">Sonepat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samana" title="Battle of Samana">Samana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kapuri" title="Battle of Kapuri">Kapuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sadhaura" title="Battle of Sadhaura">Sadhaura</a></li> <li>Ropar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chappar_Chiri" title="Battle of Chappar Chiri">Chappar Chiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sirhind" title="Siege of Sirhind">Sirhind</a></li> <li>Saharanpur</li> <li>Nanautu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jalalabad_(1710)" title="Siege of Jalalabad (1710)">Jalalabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kotla_Begum_(1710)" title="Siege of Kotla Begum (1710)">Kotla Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhilowal" title="Battle of Bhilowal">Bhilowal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rahon_(1710)" title="Battle of Rahon (1710)">Rahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thanesar_(1710)" title="Battle of Thanesar (1710)">Thanesar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh (1710)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jammu" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jammu">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Lohgarh" title="Second Battle of Lohgarh">Lohgarh (1712)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiri_Pathan_(1714)" title="Battle of Kiri Pathan (1714)">Kiri Pathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gurdas_Nangal" title="Battle of Gurdas Nangal">Gurdas Nangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gurdaspur" title="Siege of Gurdaspur">Gurdaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wan_(1726)" title="Battle of Wan (1726)">Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thikriwala" title="Battle of Thikriwala">Thikriwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basarke" title="Battle of Basarke">Basarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Amritsar_(1738)" title="Battle of Amritsar (1738)">Amritsar (1738)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samad_Khan%27s_Expedition_against_the_Sikhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Samad Khan's Expedition against the Sikhs">Samad Khan's Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarai_Nurdin" title="Battle of Sarai Nurdin">Sarai Nurdin</a></li> <li>Rorī Sahib</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sodhra_and_Badra" title="Battle of Sodhra and Badra">Sodhra and Badra (1748)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Amritsar_(1748)" title="Siege of Amritsar (1748)">Amritsar (1748)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ram_Rauni" title="Siege of Ram Rauni">Ram Rauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Multan_(1749)" title="Battle of Multan (1749)">Multan (1749)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun_(1752)" title="Battle of Nadaun (1752)">Nadaun (1752)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1753)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1753)">Anandpur (1753)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patti" title="Battle of Patti">Patti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1764)" title="Battle of Delhi (1764)">Delhi (1764)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Battle_of_Panipat" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Battle of Panipat">Panipat (1770)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kunjpura_(1772)" title="Siege of Kunjpura (1772)">Kunjpura (1772)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jind_(1776)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Jind (1776)">Jind</a></li> <li>Ghanaur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Patiala_(1779)" title="Siege of Patiala (1779)">Patiala</a></li> <li>Shafi's Campaign</li> <li>Sirhind (1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Delhi_(1783)" title="Battle of Delhi (1783)">Delhi (1783)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Campaignbox_Hill_States-Sikh_Wars&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Hill States-Sikh Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Hill_States-Sikh_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill States-Sikh Wars"><span class="wrap">Hill States-Sikh Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1682)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1682)">Anandpur (1682)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1685)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1685)">Anandpur (1685)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Bhangani (1686)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anandpur_(1699)" title="Battle of Anandpur (1699)">Anandpur (1699)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Siege_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Siege of Anandpur">Anandpur (1700)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Basoli" title="Battle of Basoli">Basoli (1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Chamkaur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Chamkaur">Chamkaur (1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur_(1704)" title="First Battle of Anandpur (1704)">1 Anandpur (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur (1704)">2 Anandpur (1704)</a></li> <li>Shahi Tibbi (1704)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarsa" title="Battle of Sarsa">Sarsa (1704)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chamkaur (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Singh_Bahadur%27s_invasion_of_the_Hill_States" title="Banda Singh Bahadur's invasion of the Hill States">Banda Singh Bahadur</a> (1711)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ram_Rauni" title="Siege of Ram Rauni">Ram Rauni (1748)</a></li> <li>Talwara (1770)</li> <li>Batala (1784)</li> <li>Bajwara (1803)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zafarnama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zafarnama.jpg/300px-Zafarnama.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zafarnama.jpg/450px-Zafarnama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Zafarnama.jpg/600px-Zafarnama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1004" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption>The Zafarnama of <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Battle of Chamkaur</b>, also known as <b>Battle of Chamkaur Sahib</b> or the <b>Second battle of Chamkaur</b>, was fought between the Khalsa, led by <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a>, and the coalition forces of the Mughals led by <a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_(Sirhind)" title="Wazir Khan (Sirhind)">Wazir Khan</a> and of Hindu hill chief. Guru Gobind Singh makes a reference to this battle in his letter <a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(letter)" title="Zafarnama (letter)">Zafarnama</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preamble_to_the_battle">Preamble to the battle</h2></div> <p>After Guru Gobind Singh left <a href="/wiki/Anandpur_Sahib" title="Anandpur Sahib">Anandpur Sahib</a> on the night of 5 and 6 December 1704,<sup id="cite_ref-Singha_2000_page=43_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singha_2000_page=43-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1705<sup id="cite_ref-Gobind_Singh_,Guru_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gobind_Singh_,Guru-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he crossed the <a href="/wiki/Sarsa_river" title="Sarsa river">Sarsa River</a> with his disciples. While they were crossing, the Mughals and hill kings attacked. Guru Gobind Singh and his followers asked permission of the city chief for shelter to rest for the night in their <i>garhi</i> or <a href="/wiki/Haveli" title="Haveli">haveli</a>. He refused, but his younger brother allowed the Sikhs to stay in the haveli.<sup id="cite_ref-eos_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2></div> <p>Despite giving assurance of safe conduct, the Mughal soldiers were looking for Guru Gobind Singh, to take his head as a trophy. After learning that the party of Sikhs had taken shelter in the haveli, they laid siege upon it. The actual battle is said to have taken place outside the haveli where Guru Gobind Singh was resting.<sup id="cite_ref-eos_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eos-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A council of <i><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Piare</a></i> was convened during the battle, whom ordered Guru Gobind Singh to leave the battlefield to preserve his life and continue leading the Sikhs, a request which the Guru obeyed.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Negotiations broke down and the Sikh soldiers chose to engage the overwhelming Mughal forces, thus allowing their Guru to escape. Another Sikh who resembled the Guru, <a href="/wiki/Sangat_Singh_(Sikh_warrior)" title="Sangat Singh (Sikh warrior)">Sangat Singh</a>, donned the Guru's clothes and remained with the soldiers. The next morning the remaining Sikhs were killed by Mughal forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> <p>The Guru emphasised how he was proud that his sons had died fighting in battle, and that he had 'thousands of sons – the <a href="/wiki/Singh" title="Singh">Singhs</a>'. He also said that he would never trust Aurangzeb again due to the broken vow he took on the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ZN3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZN3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zafarnama">Zafarnama</h2></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(letter)" title="Zafarnama (letter)">Zafarnama</a> or "Epistle of Victory" is a letter that was written by Guru Gobind Singh to the then Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. Zafarnama vividly describes what happened at Chamkaur, and also holds Aurangzeb responsible for what occurred and promises he broke. </p><p>After his escape from Chamkaur, the exhausted Guru is said to have been carried by two Pathans (Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan) to Jatpur where he was received by the local Muslim chieftain. He later went to Dina, and stayed at Mai Desanji's house, where he wrote "Zafarnama" in Persian, in 111 verses.<sup id="cite_ref-ZN3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZN3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gobind_Singh_,Guru-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gobind_Singh_,Guru_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gobind_Singh_,Guru_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/sikh-gurus/gobind-singh-guru">"Gobind Singh ,Guru"</a>. 19 December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gobind+Singh+%2CGuru&rft.date=2000-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesikhencyclopedia.com%2Fsikh-gurus%2Fgobind-singh-guru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singha_2000_page=43-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singha_2000_page=43_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singha_2000_page=43_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSingha2000">Singha (2000</a>, p. 43)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis E. Fenech, <i>The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh</i>, (Oxford University Press, 2013), 66; "<i>The Ẓafar-nāmah in this light assumes the form of an intriguing tautology: certainly the Guru was routed by Mughal forces at both Anandpur and Chamkaur; put bluntly, he and his Sikh were militarily defeated and left scattered.</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eos-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eos_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eos_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eos_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thesikhencyclopedia.com/punjab/chamkaur-sahib">"Chamkaur Sahib"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia of Sikhism</i>. Punjabi University Patiala. 19 December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Sikhism&rft.atitle=Chamkaur+Sahib&rft.date=2000-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesikhencyclopedia.com%2Fpunjab%2Fchamkaur-sahib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenech2013p14-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenech2013p14_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLouis_E._Fenech2013" class="citation book cs1">Louis E. Fenech (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUfAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993145-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993145-3"><bdi>978-0-19-993145-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikh+Zafar-namah+of+Guru+Gobind+Singh%3A+A+Discursive+Blade+in+the+Heart+of+the+Mughal+Empire&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993145-3&rft.au=Louis+E.+Fenech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaUUfAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415061541/https://www.learnreligions.com/panj-pyare-five-beloved-sikh-history-2993218">"Panj Pyare the Five Beloved of Sikh History – Guru Gobind Singh Creates the Original Panj Pyare of 1699"</a>. <i>about.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sikhism.about.com/od/historicalpersonalities/tp/Panj-Pyare-The-Five-Beloved.htm">the original</a> on 15 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=Panj+Pyare+the+Five+Beloved+of+Sikh+History+%E2%80%93+Guru+Gobind+Singh+Creates+the+Original+Panj+Pyare+of+1699&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsikhism.about.com%2Fod%2Fhistoricalpersonalities%2Ftp%2FPanj-Pyare-The-Five-Beloved.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj_Pal_Singh2004" class="citation book cs1">Raj Pal Singh (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ra19YSPDliQC&q=hargobind+jahangir&pg=PA34"><i>The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years</i></a>. Pentagon Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8186505465" title="Special:BookSources/978-8186505465"><bdi>978-8186505465</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sikhs+%3A+Their+Journey+Of+Five+Hundred+Years&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Pentagon+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-8186505465&rft.au=Raj+Pal+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dra19YSPDliQC%26q%3Dhargobind%2Bjahangir%26pg%3DPA34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singha2000-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singha2000_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingha2000" class="citation book cs1">Singha, H. S (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gqIbJz7vMn0C"><i>The encyclopedia of Sikhism</i></a>. Hemkunt Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7010-301-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7010-301-1"><bdi>978-81-7010-301-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+encyclopedia+of+Sikhism&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Hemkunt+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-81-7010-301-1&rft.aulast=Singha&rft.aufirst=H.+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgqIbJz7vMn0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZFN-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZFN_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZFN_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sikhs.org/transl5.htm">English Translation Zafarnamah</a> stanza 19 " And, what could my forty men do (at Chamkaur), when a hundred thousand men, unawares, pounced upon them? (19)"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZFN2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZFN2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZFN2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dhansikhi.com/category/images/zafarnama-zafarnamah-%e0%a8%9c%e0%a8%bc%e0%a8%ab%e0%a8%bc%e0%a8%b0%e0%a8%a8%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%ae%e0%a8%be%e0%a8%b9%e0%a9%91-%d8%b8%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87/">"Zafarnamah Hindi"</a>. <q><span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"गुरसनह चि कारे कुनद चिहल नर gursaneh ch kaare kunadh chihal nar कि दह लख बरआयद बरो बेख़बर stanza १९ k dheh lakh baraayadh baro bekhhabar stanza 19"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zafarnamah+Hindi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhansikhi.com%2Fcategory%2Fimages%2Fzafarnama-zafarnamah-%25e0%25a8%259c%25e0%25a8%25bc%25e0%25a8%25ab%25e0%25a8%25bc%25e0%25a8%25b0%25e0%25a8%25a8%25e0%25a8%25be%25e0%25a8%25ae%25e0%25a8%25be%25e0%25a8%25b9%25e0%25a9%2591-%25d8%25b8%25d9%2581%25d8%25b1%25d9%2586%25d8%25a7%25d9%2585%25d9%2587%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZFN3-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ZFN3_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagtar_Singh2016–2017" class="citation book cs1">Jagtar Singh, Sokhi (2016–2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zafarnamah-p-10/mode/2up"><i>Zafarnamah (Patshahi Dasveen)</i></a>. Jagtar Singh Sokhi, Sokhi House ,ward no. 4 Mudki Distt Ferozepur. p. 21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>. <q>gursaneh ch kaare kunadh chihal nar k dheh lakh baraayadh baro bekhhabar what can forty hungry men do when ten lac strong army pounces upon them ?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zafarnamah+%28Patshahi+Dasveen%29&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Jagtar+Singh+Sokhi%2C+Sokhi+House+%2Cward+no.+4+Mudki+Distt+Ferozepur&rft.date=2016%2F2017&rft.aulast=Jagtar+Singh&rft.aufirst=Sokhi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzafarnamah-p-10%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Prof. Surinderjit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/GuruGobindSinghsZafarnamah/page/n41/mode/2up"><i>guru Gobind singh'sZAFARNAMAH</i></a>. p. 44<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2022</span>. <q>Gursanah chi kare kunad chihal nar. Ki dab lak bar dyad baro bekhabar.19.What can at all do, the forty famished men, When attacked suddenly by a million foemen.19</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=guru+Gobind+singh%27sZAFARNAMAH&rft.pages=44&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Prof.+Surinderjit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FGuruGobindSinghsZafarnamah%2Fpage%2Fn41%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DG-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DG_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPageContent.jsp?ID=12774&page=1180&CategoryID=3&Searched=W3GX"><i>Dasam Granth Manuscript</i></a>. Panjab Digital Library of custodian Dera Gurusar Khudda Hoshiarpur. <q>Translation written on the ANGS of Sree Dasam Granth – By Mashaqat Singh</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dasam+Granth+Manuscript&rft.pub=Panjab+Digital+Library+of+custodian+Dera+Gurusar+Khudda+Hoshiarpur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panjabdigilib.org%2Fwebuser%2Fsearches%2FdisplayPageContent.jsp%3FID%3D12774%26page%3D1180%26CategoryID%3D3%26Searched%3DW3GX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dalbirsingh144-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dalbirsingh144_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDhillon1988" class="citation book cs1">Dhillon, Dr Dalbir Singh (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osnkLKPMWykC&pg=PA144"><i>Sikhism – Origin and Development</i></a>. Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 151. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160917230548/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=osnkLKPMWykC&pg=PA144">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sikhism+%E2%80%93+Origin+and+Development&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+and+Distributors&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Dhillon&rft.aufirst=Dr+Dalbir+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DosnkLKPMWykC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandhu2023" class="citation book cs1">Sandhu, Gian Singh (2023). "34. Who are the current panj pyare?". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1376370414"><i>Who Are the Sikhs? An Exploration of the Beliefs, Practices, & Traditions of the Sikh People</i></a>. Archway Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6657-3953-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6657-3953-5"><bdi>978-1-6657-3953-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1376370414">1376370414</a>. <q>At crucial moments of Sikh history, the panj pyare have collectively acted as supreme authority for the Sikhs. For example, during the battle of Chamkaur, the last five surviving Sikhs constituted themselves into the Council of Five, and they commanded Guru Gobind to leave the fortress and save himself to reassemble the Sikhs. Before Guru Gobind Singh passed away, he ended the line of living gurus. Through the institution of the panj pyare, the Guru envisioned a continuing society that would conduct itself democratically and choose its leaders based on merit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=34.+Who+are+the+current+panj+pyare%3F&rft.btitle=Who+Are+the+Sikhs%3F+An+Exploration+of+the+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+%26+Traditions+of+the+Sikh+People.&rft.pub=Archway+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1376370414&rft.isbn=978-1-6657-3953-5&rft.aulast=Sandhu&rft.aufirst=Gian+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1376370414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dogra-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dogra_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDograMansukhani1995" class="citation book cs1">Dogra, R. C.; Mansukhani, G. S. (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000dogr/page/100"><i>Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture</i></a></span>. Vikas Publishing House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofs0000dogr/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0706983688" title="Special:BookSources/0706983688"><bdi>0706983688</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+of+Sikh+Religion+and+Culture&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Vikas+Publishing+House&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0706983688&rft.aulast=Dogra&rft.aufirst=R.+C.&rft.au=Mansukhani%2C+G.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopaediaofs0000dogr%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZN3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ZN3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ZN3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Guru Gobind. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zafarnama.com/Download/zafarnama.pdf">"Zafarnama stanza 45"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. zafarnama.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zafarnama+stanza+45&rft.pub=zafarnama.com&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Guru+Gobind&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zafarnama.com%2FDownload%2Fzafarnama.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Chamkaur" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701000619/http://www.singhsabha.com/battle_of_chamkaur.htm">Battle description at singhsabha.com</a></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="☬_Guru_Gobind_Singh_☬" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Template:Guru Gobind Singh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Template talk:Guru Gobind Singh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guru Gobind Singh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="☬_Guru_Gobind_Singh_☬" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">☬ <a href="/wiki/Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="Guru Gobind Singh">Guru Gobind Singh</a> ☬</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Tegh_Bahadur" title="Guru Tegh Bahadur">Guru Tegh Bahadur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mata_Gujri" title="Mata Gujri">Mata Gujri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Jito" title="Mata Jito">Mata Jito</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mata_Sundari" title="Mata Sundari">Mata Sundari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mata_Sahib_Kaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata Sahib Kaur">Mata Sahib Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jujhar_Singh" title="Jujhar Singh">Jujhar Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zorawar_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)">Zorawar Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fateh_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Fateh Singh (Sikhism)">Fateh Singh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajit_Singh_(Sikhism)" title="Ajit Singh (Sikhism)">Ajit Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">The Leader</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guru_Maneyo_Granth" title="Guru Maneyo Granth">Guru Maneyo Granth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Five_Ks" class="mw-redirect" title="The Five Ks">The Five Ks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_52_Hukams_of_Guru_Gobind_Singh" title="The 52 Hukams of Guru Gobind Singh">The 52 Hukams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">The Warrior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Battle of Bhangani</a>,(1688)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nadaun" title="Battle of Nadaun">Battle of Nadaun</a>,(1687)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guler_(1696)" title="Battle of Guler (1696)">Battle of Guler (1696)</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="First Battle of Anandpur">First Battle of Anandpur</a>,(1700)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Anandpur_Sahib_(1701)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Anandpur Sahib (1701) (page does not exist)">Battle of Anandpur Sahib (1701)</a>,</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Basoli_(1702)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Basoli (1702) (page does not exist)">Battle of Basoli (1702)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Anandpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Anandpur">Battle of Anandpur (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chamkaur_(1704)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Chamkaur (1704)">Battle of Chamkaur (1704)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Bichhora_Sahib&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Bichhora Sahib (page does not exist)">Battle of Bichhora Sahib</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Muktsar" title="Battle of Muktsar">Battle of Muktsar</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">The Saint</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dasam_Granth" title="Template:Dasam Granth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dasam_Granth" title="Template talk:Dasam Granth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dasam_Granth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dasam Granth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dasam_Granth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dasam_Granth" title="Dasam Granth">Dasam Granth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jaap_Sahib" title="Jaap Sahib">Jaap Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akal_Ustat" title="Akal Ustat">Akal Ustat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachitar_Natak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachitar Natak">Bachitar Natak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Charitar_Ukti_Bilas" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandi Charitar Ukti Bilas">Chandi Charitar Ukat(i) Bilas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Charitar_II" title="Chandi Charitar II">Chandi Charitar 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandi_Di_Var" title="Chandi Di Var">Chandi Di Var</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gian_Parbodh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gian Parbodh (page does not exist)">Gian Parbodh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaubis_Avatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaubis Avatar">Chaubis Avatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brahm_Avtar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brahm Avtar (page does not exist)">Brahm Avtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudra_Avtar" title="Rudra Avtar">Rudar Avtar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabad_patshahi_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabad patshahi 10">Sabad patshahi 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/33_Swayyae" class="mw-redirect" title="33 Swayyae">33 Swayyae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa_Mahima" title="Khalsa Mahima">Khalsa Mahima</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shastar_Nam_Mala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shastar Nam Mala (page does not exist)">Shastar Nam Mala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charitropakhyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitropakhyan">Charitropakhyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafarnama_(letter)" title="Zafarnama (letter)">Zafarnamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikaaitaan" title="Hikaaitaan">Hikayats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Nand_Lal" title="Bhai Nand Lal">Bhai Nand Lal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panj_Pyare" title="Panj Pyare">Panj Pyare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Mani_Singh" title="Bhai Mani Singh">Bhai Mani Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_Bahadur" class="mw-redirect" title="Banda Bahadur">Banda Bahadur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mai_Bhago" title="Mai Bhago">Mata Bhag Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Kanhaiya" title="Bhai Kanhaiya">Bhai Kanhaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Deep_Singh" title="Baba Deep Singh">Baba Deep Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bhangani" title="Battle of Bhangani">Pir Budhu Shah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neela_(horse)" title="Neela (horse)">Neela (horse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasadi_(elephant)" title="Prasadi (elephant)">Prasadi (elephant)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Opponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wazir_Khan_(Sirhind)" title="Wazir Khan (Sirhind)">Wazir Khan</a></li> <li>Jamshed Khan and Wasil Beg</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandpur_Sahib" title="Anandpur Sahib">Anandpur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paonta_Sahib" title="Paonta Sahib">Paonta Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktsar_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktsar Sahib">Muktsar Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamkaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamkaur">Chamkaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Guru_Gobind_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of places named after Guru Gobind Singh">List of places named after Guru Gobind Singh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC600;width:1%">Gurudwaras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Keshgarh_Sahib" class="mw-redirect" title="Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib">Takht Sri Keshgarh Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazur_Sahib_Nanded" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazur Sahib Nanded">Takht Sri Hazur Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takht_Sri_Patna_Sahib" title="Takht Sri Patna Sahib">Takht Sri Patna Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Sahib" title="Nada Sahib">Nada Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Paonta_Sahib" title="Gurdwara Paonta Sahib">Gurdwara Paonta Sahib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC600"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda_emblem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img 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