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class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dried fruit</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Dried_fruit" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Dried_fruit" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dry fruit" redirects here. For the botanical term, see <a href="/wiki/Dry_fruits" title="Dry fruits">Dry fruits</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Dried fruit</b> is <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> from which the majority of the original water content has been removed prior to cooking or being eaten on its own.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> either naturally, <a href="/wiki/Food_drying" title="Food drying">Drying</a> may occur by sun, through the use of industrial <a href="/wiki/Food_dehydrator" title="Food dehydrator">dehydrators</a>, or by <a href="/wiki/Freeze_drying" title="Freeze drying">freeze drying</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating to the fourth millennium BC in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, and is valued for its sweet taste, nutritional content, and long shelf life. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Dried fruit</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DriedfruitS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DriedfruitS.jpg/250px-DriedfruitS.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DriedfruitS.jpg/375px-DriedfruitS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/DriedfruitS.jpg/500px-DriedfruitS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="634"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Dried fruit and nuts on a platter</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, India</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Use</th><td class="infobox-data">Preservation of fruit for use as food</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">Earliest: Dates and raisins</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a>, dried fruit consumption is widespread worldwide. Nearly half of dried fruits sold are <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a>, followed by <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">dates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">prunes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">figs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apples</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pear" title="Pear">pears</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are referred to as "conventional" or "traditional" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in commercial dryers. Many fruits, such as <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> are infused with a sweetener (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a> syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiwifruit" title="Kiwifruit">kiwifruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pineapple" title="Pineapple">pineapple</a>, are most often <a href="/wiki/Candied_fruit" title="Candied fruit">candied fruit</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Production"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Production</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Preparation_and_use"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Preparation and use</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Health"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Health</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Glycemic_index"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Glycemic index</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Research"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Research</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Types"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Types</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Dehydration_methods"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Dehydration methods</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Sun_drying"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sun drying</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Tray_drying"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Tray drying</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Freeze_drying"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">Freeze drying</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Vacuum_microwave_drying"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">Vacuum microwave drying</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Gallery"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Gallery</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dried_fruit" title="Special:EditPage/Dried fruit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dried+fruit%22">"Dried fruit"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dried+fruit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dried+fruit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dried+fruit%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dried+fruit%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dried+fruit%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Traditional dried fruits such as raisins, figs, dates, apricots, and apples have been a staple of <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean diets</a> for millennia. This is due partly to their early cultivation in the Middle Eastern region known as the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>, made up of parts of modern <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, southwest <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel (region)">Israel</a>, and northern <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Drying or <a href="/wiki/Food_drying" title="Food drying">dehydration</a> was the earliest form of <a href="/wiki/Food_preservation" title="Food preservation">food preservation</a>: figs, dates or <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a> which fell from the plant and were sun-dried may have been consumed by early <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> as edible and more long-lasting and sweeter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg/170px-Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg/170px-Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg/255px-Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg/340px-Prisoners_Nineveh_date-palms.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption> Nineveh: Procession through groves of date palms, one of the world's first cultivated trees</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_(4257384208).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg/220px-Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg/220px-Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg/330px-Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg/440px-Moroccan_Dried_Fruit_and_Nuts_%284257384208%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Other types of dried fruit and nuts</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest recorded mention of dried fruits can be found in Mesopotamian tablets dating to about 1500 BC. These clay slabs, written in <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a>, the daily language of <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a>, were inscribed in <a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">cuneiform</a>; these were about diets based on <a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">grains</a>, vegetables, and fruits such as dates, figs, apples, <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranates</a> and grapes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> These early civilizations used dates, date juice evaporated into syrup and raisins as sweeteners, and included dried fruits in their breads.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">date palm</a> was one of the first cultivated trees. It was domesticated in <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> more than 5,000 years ago and grew abundantly in the Fertile Crescent. Dates were the cheapest of staple foods due to high productivity, as an average date palm produced 50 kilograms (110 lb) of fruit a year for more than 60 years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nakht_(12).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg/170px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="179" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="761" data-file-height="803"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 179px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg/170px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="179" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg/255px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg/340px-Tomb_of_Nakht_%2812%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Temple of Nahkt, Egypt. Harvesting grapes, many of which would be dried into raisins.</figcaption></figure> <p>Figs were also prized in early Mesopotamia, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, Israel, and Egypt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition to appearing in wall paintings, many fig specimens were found in Egyptian tombs as funerary offerings.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Grape cultivation began in <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> and the eastern regions of the Mediterranean in the 4th millennium BC.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Raisins were produced by sun-drying grapes. Raisin production and <a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">viticulture</a> spread across northern Africa, including <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>. </p><p>Dried fruits spread through Greece to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> where they became a major part of diets.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Romans</a> consumed raisins in large quantities and at all levels of society, including them as a key part of their common meals, along with olives and fresh fruits. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg/200px-Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="416"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg/200px-Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg/300px-Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg/400px-Oplontis-Pintures-5643.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Figs in a basket, Pompeii. Dried figs were consumed in ancient Rome.</figcaption></figure> <p>Having dried fruits was essential in <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">ancient Rome</a> as these instructions for housekeepers around 100 BC tell: "She must keep a supply of cooked food on hand for you and the servants. She must keep many hens and have plenty of eggs. She must have a large store of dried pears, sorbs, figs, raisins, sorbs in must, preserved pears, grapes, and <a href="/wiki/Quince" title="Quince">quinces</a>. She must also keep preserved grapes in grape pulp and in pots buried in the ground, as well as fresh Praenestine nuts kept in the same way, and Scantian quinces in jars, and other fruits that are usually preserved, as well as wild fruits. All these she must store away diligently every year."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dried figs were added to bread and formed a major part of the winter food of common people. They were rubbed with <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">anise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">fennel seeds</a> or toasted <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a>, wrapped in fig leaves and stored in jars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">Plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a> have their origins in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were domesticated in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in the 3 BC and spread to the Fertile Crescent where they were commonly eaten.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Production" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 170px; float: left; margin:0em 1em 0em 0em;"> <caption>California dried fruit, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fruit</th> <th>Tons </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">Apricots</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">1,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Date_(fruit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Date (fruit)">Dates</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">16,300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">Figs</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">14,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">Peaches</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">1,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Williams_pear" title="Williams pear">Pears (Williams or Bartlett)</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">400 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">Prunes</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">81,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">Raisins</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right">350,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dried_berries.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dried_berries.jpg/220px-Dried_berries.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3611" data-file-height="2720"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dried_berries.jpg/220px-Dried_berries.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dried_berries.jpg/330px-Dried_berries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Dried_berries.jpg/440px-Dried_berries.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption> Dried fruits less commonly produced: 1 <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_raisin" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinthian raisin">zante currants</a>, 2 <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">black mulberry</a>, 3 <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">white mulberry</a>, 4 <a href="/wiki/Physalis" title="Physalis">physalis</a>, 5 <a href="/wiki/Aronia" title="Aronia">aronia (chokeberries)</a>, 6 <a href="/wiki/Hippophae_rhamnoides" title="Hippophae rhamnoides">sea-buckthorn</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Rubus_idaeus" title="Rubus idaeus">raspberry</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/Cumquat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumquat">kumquats</a>, 9 <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">white raisins</a> (dried in the shade), 10 <a href="/wiki/Vaccinium_myrtillus" title="Vaccinium myrtillus">blueberries</a>, 11 <a href="/wiki/Goji" title="Goji">goji</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Prunus_avium" title="Prunus avium">cherries</a>, 13 <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>, 14 <a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasus" title="Prunus cerasus">sour cherries</a>, and 15 <a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">barberries</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Dried fruit is produced in most regions of the world, and consumption occurs in all cultures and demographic segments. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, raisins accounted for about two thirds of this volume.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> produces the largest percentage of the US's and the world's<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> dried fruit crop. It accounts for over 99% of the US crop of raisins and <a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">dried plums</a>, 98% of <a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">dried figs</a>, 96% of dried <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, 92% of <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a> and over 90% of <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">dates</a>. Most of California dried fruit production is centered in the San Joaquin Valley where the soil and climate, especially the hot, dry summers, provide ideal growing conditions. While these fruits were commonly dried in the sun in the past, now only raisins are almost entirely naturally sun-dried.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Preparation_and_use">Preparation and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preparation and use" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Fruits can be dried whole (e.g., grapes, berries, apricot, plum), in halves, or as slices (e.g., mango, papaya, kiwi). Alternatively, they can be chopped after drying (e.g., dates), made into pastes, or concentrated juices. The residual moisture content can vary from small (3–8%) to substantial (16–18%), depending on the type of fruit. Fruits can also be spread out, dried and cut into stripes in its puree form without the addition of sugar or fats with at least 50% moisture content as <b>fruit leather</b>, (see patent listed under the references section)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or as a powder by spray or drum drying. They can be <a href="/wiki/Freeze_drying" title="Freeze drying">freeze dried</a>. Fresh fruit is frozen and placed in a drying chamber under a vacuum. Heat is applied, and water evaporates from the fruit while it is still frozen.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruit becomes very light and crispy and retains much of its original flavor. Dried fruit is widely used by the confectionery, baking, and sweets industries. Food manufacturing plants use dried fruits in various sauces, soups, marinades, garnishes, puddings, and food for infants and children. </p><p>As ingredients in prepared food, dried fruit juices, purées, and pastes impart sensory and functional characteristics to recipes: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerevan_Market_(5211865578).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg/220px-Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4166" data-file-height="3205"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg/220px-Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg/330px-Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg/440px-Yerevan_Market_%285211865578%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Dozens of types of dried fruit and fruit leather at a market in <a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The high fiber content provides water-absorbing and water-binding capabilities.</li> <li>Organic acids such as sorbitol act as humectants, provide dough and batter stability, and control water activity.</li> <li>Fruit sugars add sweetness, humectancy, and surface browning, and control water activity.</li> <li>Fruit acids, such as <a href="/wiki/Malic_acid" title="Malic acid">malic acid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tartaric_acid" title="Tartaric acid">tartaric acid</a>, contribute to flavor enhancement.</li></ul> <p>The high drying and processing temperatures, the intrinsic low pH of the fruit, and the low water activity (moisture content) in dried fruit make them a stable food. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raisins_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Raisins_01.jpg/220px-Raisins_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3223" data-file-height="2025"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Raisins_01.jpg/220px-Raisins_01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Raisins_01.jpg/330px-Raisins_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Raisins_01.jpg/440px-Raisins_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Both golden and conventional <a href="/wiki/Raisin" title="Raisin">raisins</a> are made from the same grape. Golden raisins are treated with <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">Sulfur dioxide</a> is used as an <a href="/wiki/Antioxidant" title="Antioxidant">antioxidant</a> in some dried fruits to protect their color and flavor. For example, in golden raisins, dried peaches, apples, and apricots, sulfur dioxide is used to keep them from losing their light color by blocking browning reactions that darken fruit and alter their flavor. Over the years, sulfur dioxide and <a href="/wiki/Sulfite_food_and_beverage_additives" title="Sulfite food and beverage additives">sulfites</a> have been used by many populations for a variety of purposes. Sulfur dioxide was first employed as a food additive in 1664, and was later approved for such use in the United States as far back as the 1800s. </p><p>Sulfur dioxide, while harmless to healthy individuals, can induce <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> when inhaled or ingested by sensitive people. The U.S. <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) estimates that one out of every hundred people is sulfite-sensitive, and about 5% of asthmatics are also at risk of suffering an adverse reaction. Given that about 10% of the population suffers from asthma, this figure translates to 0.5% of the whole population with potential for sulfite-sensitivity. These individuals make up the subgroup of greatest concern and are largely aware of the need to avoid sulfite-containing foods. Consequently, the FDA requires food manufacturers and processors to disclose the presence of sulfiting agents in concentrations of at least 10 <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan, a 2010 city health survey found one-third of tested dried fruit products failed health standard tests, most having excessive amounts of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_cyclamate" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium cyclamate">sodium cyclamate</a>, some at levels 20 times higher than the legal limit.<sup id="cite_ref-chnpost_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chnpost-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> exported 1.5 billion dollars worth of dried fruit in 2021 and became the world's largest exporter of dried fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Health" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glycemic_index">Glycemic index</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Glycemic index" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <table align="right" class="wikitable" style="width: 330px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;"> <caption>Glycemic index of different dried fruits<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Fruit</th> <th align="">Glycemic index </th></tr> <tr> <td>Dates (brand or variety not specified)</td> <td align="">62 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dried apples (brand not specified)</td> <td align="">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dried apricots (brand not specified)</td> <td align="">30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dried peaches</td> <td align="">35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dried plums (Sun Sweet)</td> <td align="">29 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Figs (Dessert Maid)</td> <td align="">61 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Raisins (Sun-Maid)</td> <td align="">54 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Traditional dried fruit has a low to moderate <a href="/wiki/Glycemic_index" title="Glycemic index">glycemic index</a> (GI), a measure of how a food affects blood sugar levels. GI measures an individual's response to eating a <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">carbohydrate</a>-containing food (usually 50 grams of available carbohydrates) compared to the individual's response to the same amount of carbohydrates from either white bread or glucose. Carbohydrate-containing foods are classified as high (above 70), moderate (56–69), or low (0–55) GI.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Foods with high fiber content generally have a low GI. However, other factors also contribute to a food's glycemic response, such as the type of carbohydrate or sugar present, the physical characteristics of the food matrix, and the presence of organic acids. All studies assessing the GI of dried fruit show that they are low- to moderate-GI foods and that the <a href="/wiki/Insulin" title="Insulin">insulin</a> response is proportional to their GI. Factors thought to contribute to this glycemic response include the viscous texture of dried fruits when chewed, their whole food matrix, the presence of phenolic compounds and organic acids and the type of sugar present (about 50% fructose in most <a href="/wiki/Traditional_dried_fruit" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional dried fruit">traditional dried fruit</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research">Research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Research" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Consumption of dried fruit is under preliminary research for the potential to improve nutrition and affect chronic diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Types" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_dried_foods" title="List of dried foods">List of dried foods</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Dehydration_methods">Dehydration methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Dehydration methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>People have practiced food preservation since ancient times. Many folktales describe ways of preserving foods in one way or another according to local and cultural traditions. Dehydration methods help to prevent food from spoilage and to maintain it for a longer period of time while keeping it suitable for consumption. Reducing the amount of water in fruits helps prevent bacteria, yeast or fungi from growing on them. There are several processes that can be used in the production of dried fruit, each of which affects its appearance, rehydration properties, and nutrients differently. These drying processes include <a href="/wiki/Sun-drying" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun-drying">sun drying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Food_drying" title="Food drying">tray (air) drying</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeze_drying" title="Freeze drying">freeze drying</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_drying" title="Vacuum drying">vacuum microwave drying</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each process has its own benefits and disadvantages. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG/220px-Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG/220px-Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG/330px-Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG/440px-Apricots_Drying_In_Cappadocia.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">Apricots</a> drying in the sun in a mountain-slope orchard of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_drying">Sun drying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sun drying" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Dried_fruit" title="Special:EditPage/Dried fruit">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Dried+fruit%22">"Dried fruit"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Dried+fruit%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Dried+fruit%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Dried+fruit%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Dried+fruit%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Dried+fruit%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This process uses sun exposure as its thermal source, combined with natural airflow. It is also a traditional drying method to reduce the moisture of fruits by spreading them under the sun. Warmer temperatures evaporate the moisture, and lower humidity allows moisture to move quickly from the fruit to the air. However, there are many disadvantages associated with it, such as the longer time required to dry, the hot climate and daylight, and risk of invasion by animals and unwanted microorganisms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tray_drying">Tray drying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tray drying" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>A tray dryer is similar to a convection drier, which is placed in enclosed, insulated chambers and trays on top of each other in the tray. Input materials are batch-fed, placed in trays, and loaded into ovens for drying. Dryers are used in processing where drying and heating are important parts of the industrial manufacturing process, like dried fruits. Tray drying means dehydrating small pieces of fruit from a source of hot, dry air or the sun until they are dry enough to store at ambient temperature with minimal spoilage. Despite its poor re-hydration properties and shrunken appearance, this process requires a short period of time along with controlled humidity and heated air. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg/220px-Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1012" data-file-height="1483"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 322px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg/220px-Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="322" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg/330px-Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg/440px-Tray_of_Dried_Swiss_Chard_NGM-v31-p477-B.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Tray Drying </figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Freeze_drying">Freeze drying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Freeze drying" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Freeze-drying is a special form of drying that removes all moisture and has less effect on the taste of food than normal dehydration. Freeze drying is a water removal process commonly used to preserve pear material. The fruit is placed in a vacuum chamber at low heat to increase shelf life. This process works by freezing the material, then reducing the pressure and adding heat to neutralize the frozen water in the material. Unlike the other drying methods, this method allows the <a href="/wiki/Dried_mango" title="Dried mango">dried mango</a> to retain its shape, retain the highest color value, and provide a great rehydration property despite its high costs. Foods that contain adequate amounts of water are very easy to work with and will maintain their initial shape after the <a href="/wiki/Freeze-drying" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze-drying">freeze-drying</a> process is complete. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vacuum_microwave_drying">Vacuum microwave drying</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Vacuum microwave drying" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The microwave generates a specific amount of energy, easily shortening the drying time. In addition, the boiling point of water is lowered under vacuum, causing a high temperature inside the dried particles on the surface of the product. Microwave vacuum drying is a dehydration process that uses microwave radiation to generate heat at full pressure (chamber pressure). During vacuum drying, high-energy water molecules propagate to the surface and evaporate due to low pressure. Due to the absence of air, vacuum drying inhibits oxidation and maintains the color, texture, and taste of dried products. This device can improve the quality of products, and the equipment can prolong the shelf life of food, preserve the original taste and nutrients of food, maintain the physical activity of raw materials, enhance the function of healthy food, and increase the value of agricultural products. This method provides better flavor retention, greater rehydration, least nutrient loss, and least color change among other thermal drying methods, along with a faster drying rate compared to freeze drying. Vacuum microwave not only dries the mango quickly, it also reduces the amount of fibers and microorganisms present in the pulpy part of the fruit. The fruit taste is distorted at some rate. The vacuum drying also reduces the amount of water contained, and in a closed environment, no other microorganisms can enter into the fruit. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pastegh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fruit leather"><noscript><img alt="Fruit leather" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pastegh.jpg/90px-Pastegh.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pastegh.jpg/90px-Pastegh.jpg" data-alt="Fruit leather" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pastegh.jpg/135px-Pastegh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pastegh.jpg/180px-Pastegh.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fruit leather</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_(2910349398).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried fruit and fruit leather"><noscript><img alt="Dried fruit and fruit leather" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg/120px-Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="1408"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg/120px-Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg" data-alt="Dried fruit and fruit leather" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg/180px-Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg/240px-Sweeties_-_Geghard._-_Armenia_%282910349398%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried fruit and fruit leather</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_(2908023124).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried fruits for sale at a market"><noscript><img alt="Dried fruits for sale at a market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg/120px-Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg/120px-Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg" data-alt="Dried fruits for sale at a market" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg/180px-Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg/240px-Armenia_-_Terrestrial_Paradise%3F_%282908023124%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried fruits for sale at a market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2014_Prowincja_Kotajk,_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried fruits for sale"><noscript><img alt="Dried fruits for sale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg/120px-2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4508" data-file-height="3006"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 80px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg/120px-2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg" data-alt="Dried fruits for sale" data-width="120" data-height="80" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg/180px-2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg/240px-2014_Prowincja_Kotajk%2C_Stragany_z_jedzeniem_przed_klasztorem_Geghard_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried fruits for sale</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A dry fruit seller in Armenia"><noscript><img alt="A dry fruit seller in Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg/120px-Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 90px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg/120px-Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg" data-alt="A dry fruit seller in Armenia" data-width="120" data-height="90" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg/180px-Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg/240px-Alla_presenting_her_dried_fruits.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A dry fruit seller in Armenia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jablka,_gruszki,_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dried apples, pears and plums — a traditional product of Poland, used, for example, to prepare Christmas compote"><noscript><img alt="Dried apples, pears and plums — a traditional product of Poland, used, for example, to prepare Christmas compote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg/120px-Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="51" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="616"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 120px;height: 51px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg/120px-Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg" data-alt="Dried apples, pears and plums — a traditional product of Poland, used, for example, to prepare Christmas compote" data-width="120" data-height="51" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg/180px-Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg/240px-Jablka%2C_gruszki%2C_sliwki_suszone_z_Wandalina.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dried apples, pears and plums — a traditional product of Poland, used, for example, to prepare Christmas <a href="/wiki/Compote" title="Compote">compote</a></div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dried_foods" title="List of dried foods">List of dried foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_snack_foods#Seeds/Nuts/Fruits" title="List of snack foods">List of seeds, nuts and fruit for snack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_fruit_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish fruit soup">Swedish fruit soup</a> – a soup prepared using dried fruits</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_apricot" title="Dried apricot">Dried apricot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_cherry" title="Dried cherry">Dried cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_currant" class="mw-redirect" title="Dried currant">Dried currant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_mango" title="Dried mango">Dried mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_persimmon" title="Dried persimmon">Dried persimmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_vine_fruit" title="Dried vine fruit">Dried vine fruit</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary, "dried fruit", 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, 2010. Accessed November 21, 2024.</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dried-fruit">https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/dried-fruit</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerringshaw" class="citation web cs1">Herringshaw, Dorris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ohioline.osu.edu/factsheet/HYG-5347#:~:text=Preparing%20Food%20for%20Drying,will%20hasten%20the%20drying%20process.">"Drying Fruits and Vegetables | Ohioline"</a>. <i>Ohioline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gazete+Banka&rft.atitle=Kuru+meyvede+d%C3%BCnya+lideri+T%C3%BCrkiye&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetebanka.com%2F&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Gazete&rft.aufirst=Banka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetebanka.com%2Fkuru-meyvede-dunya-lideri-turkiye%2F11399%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADried+fruit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glycemicindex.com">Glycemic index</a>, retrieved 2011-12-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glycemicindex.com/">The Glycemic Index and GI Database, University of Sydney</a>, retrieved 2011-12-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kim Y <i>et al.</i> "Raisins are a low to moderate glycemic index food with a corresponding low insulin index" <i>Nutr Res</i> 2008; 28:304–308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMossineMawhinneyGiovannucci2020" class="citation journal cs1">Mossine VV, Mawhinney TP, Giovannucci EL (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442373">"Dried Fruit Intake and Cancer: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies"</a>. <i>Advances in Nutrition</i>. <b>11</b> (2): 237–250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fadvances%2Fnmz085">10.1093/advances/nmz085</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442373">7442373</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31504082">31504082</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Dried+Fruit+Intake+and+Cancer%3A+A+Systematic+Review+of+Observational+Studies&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-250&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7442373%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31504082&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fadvances%2Fnmz085&rft.aulast=Mossine&rft.aufirst=VV&rft.au=Mawhinney%2C+TP&rft.au=Giovannucci%2C+EL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7442373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADried+fruit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzliIzliTaskinIzli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Izli, Nazmi; Izli, Gökcen; Taskin, Onur; Izli, Nazmi; Izli, Gökcen; Taskin, Onur (1 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1678-457x.28316">"Influence of different drying techniques on drying parameters of mango"</a>. <i>Food Science and Technology</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 604–612. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1678-457x.28316">10.1590/1678-457x.28316</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Science+and+Technology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+different+drying+techniques+on+drying+parameters+of+mango&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=604-612&rft.date=2017-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2F1678-457x.28316&rft.aulast=Izli&rft.aufirst=Nazmi&rft.au=Izli%2C+G%C3%B6kcen&rft.au=Taskin%2C+Onur&rft.au=Izli%2C+Nazmi&rft.au=Izli%2C+G%C3%B6kcen&rft.au=Taskin%2C+Onur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1590%252F1678-457x.28316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADried+fruit" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><p><span class="citation patent" id="CITEREFFleischHilkerMarkwardt2012"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldwide.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US20090169694A1">US patent 20090169694A1</a>, Fleisch, Jens; Hilker, Erhard & Markwardt, Klaus, "Method and Apparatus for Producing Fruit Leather from a Fruit Mass", published 2009-07-02, issued 2012-05-15</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent&rft.number=20090169694A1&rft.cc=US&rft.title=Method+and+Apparatus+for+Producing+Fruit+Leather+from+a+Fruit+Mass&rft.inventor=Fleisch&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.pubdate=2009-07-02"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </p></section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li>Al-Sahib W. and Marshall R. J. "The fruit of the date palm: Its possible use as the best food for the future?" <i>J Food Science Nutr</i> 2003; 54: 247–59</li> <li>Barta J. Fruit Drying Principles (Chapter 5) In: <i>Handbook of Fruits and Fruit Processing</i> Hui YH. Ed. Blackwell Publishing, Iowa (2006)</li> <li>Carughi A. "Health Benefits of Sun-Dried Raisins". <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.raisins.net/Raisins_and_Health_200810.pdf">http://www.raisins.net/Raisins_and_Health_200810.pdf</a></li> <li>Grivetti L. E. and Applegate E. A. "From Olympia to Atlanta: Agricultural-historic perspective on diet and athletic training". <i>J Clinical Nutr</i> 1997; 127:S860–868</li> <li>Hooshmand S. and Arjmandi B. H. "Viewpoint: Dried plum and emerging functional foods that may effectively improve bone health". <i>Ageing Res Reviews</i> 2009; 8: 122–7</li> <li>Ratti C. and Mujumdar A. S. Drying of Fruit (Chapter 7) In: <i>Processing Fruit</i> Barrett D. M., Somogyi L. and Ramaswamy H., Eds. CRC Press, New York (2005)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlavin,_Joanne_L.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Slavin, Joanne L. (July–August 2006). "Figs: Past, present and future". <i>Nutrition Today</i>. <b>41</b> (4): 180–184. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00017285-200607000-00009">10.1097/00017285-200607000-00009</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:72718092">72718092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+Today&rft.atitle=Figs%3A+Past%2C+present+and+future&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=180-184&rft.date=2006-07%2F2006-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00017285-200607000-00009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A72718092%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Slavin%2C+Joanne+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADried+fruit" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Dried_fruit&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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<span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Zefr" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1732385592"> <span>Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 18:13</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9" title="فاكهة جافة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فاكهة جافة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="मेवा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मेवा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сухафрукты – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сухафрукты" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suho_vo%C4%87e" title="Suho voće – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Suho voće" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruita_dessecada" title="Fruita dessecada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fruita dessecada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubi" title="Lubi – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lubi" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C5%A1en%C3%A9_ovoce" title="Sušené ovoce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sušené ovoce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trockenobst" title="Trockenobst – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trockenobst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruta_seca" title="Fruta seca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fruta seca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seka_frukto" title="Seka frukto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Seka frukto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruitu_lehortu" title="Fruitu lehortu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fruitu lehortu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خشکبار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خشکبار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_s%C3%A9ch%C3%A9" title="Fruit séché – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fruit séché" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortha%C3%AD_triomaithe" title="Torthaí triomaithe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Torthaí triomaithe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Froita_seca" title="Froita seca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Froita seca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B5%E0%AB%8B" title="સુકો મેવો – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સુકો મેવો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EA%B3%BC" title="건과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="건과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D6%80%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Չրեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չրեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="मेवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मेवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah_kering" title="Buah kering – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Buah kering" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutta_essiccata" title="Frutta essiccata – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Frutta essiccata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="פירות יבשים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פירות יבשים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woh_garing" title="Woh garing – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Woh garing" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%92%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A3%E0%B3%81" title="ಒಣಗಿಸಿದ ಹಣ್ಣು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಒಣಗಿಸಿದ ಹಣ್ಣು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEiovinti_vaisiai" title="Džiovinti vaisiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Džiovinti vaisiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aofte" title="Aofte – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aofte" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="सुकामेवा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुकामेवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buah_kering" title="Buah kering – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Buah kering" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuidvrucht" title="Zuidvrucht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zuidvrucht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF" title="मूसि – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मूसि" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%95%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84" title="ドライフルーツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ドライフルーツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B8rket_frukt" title="Tørket frukt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tørket frukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B8rka_frukt" title="Tørka frukt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tørka frukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruch_sec" title="Fruch sec – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fruch sec" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87" title="ਸੁੱਕੇ ਮੇਵੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੁੱਕੇ ਮੇਵੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakalie" title="Bakalie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bakalie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruta_seca" title="Fruta seca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fruta seca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Сухофрукты – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сухофрукты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="शुष्कफलानि – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शुष्कफलानि" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scacciu" title="Scacciu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Scacciu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_fruit" title="Dried fruit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dried fruit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1" title="وشکەبەر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وشکەبەر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%9B%D0%B5" title="Сушено воће – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сушено воће" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuivahedelm%C3%A4" title="Kuivahedelmä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuivahedelmä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkad_frukt" title="Torkad frukt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Torkad frukt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BD_%D2%97%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Киптерелгән җимешләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Киптерелгән җимешләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఎండు ఫలము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎండు ఫలము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurutulmu%C5%9F_meyve" title="Kurutulmuş meyve – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kurutulmuş meyve" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Сухофрукти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сухофрукти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B4%DA%A9_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%81" title="خشک میوہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خشک میوہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%B9%BE" title="果乾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="果乾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E4%B9%BE" title="果乾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="果乾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" 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