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Navigation","grobid_abstract":"A paradigm shift is presently underway in the shipping industry promising safer, greener and more efficient ship traffic. In this article, we will look at some of the accidents from conventional shipping and see if they could have been avoided with autonomous ship technology. A hypothesis of increased safety is often brought forward, and we know from various studies that the number of maritime accidents that involves what is called \"human error\" ranges from some 60-90 percent. If we replace the human with automation, can we then reduce the number of accidents? On the other hand, is there a possibility for new types of accidents to appear? What about the accidents that are today averted by the crew? This paper will present a method to assess these different aspects of the risk scenarios in light of the specific capabilities and constraints of autonomous ships. http://www.transnav.eu the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation Volume 13 Number 3","publication_name":"TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"76049915"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Addressing the Accidental Risks of Maritime Transportation: Could Autonomous Shipping Technology Improve the Statistics?","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [24710263]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; 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Autonomous shipping, safety and “human error”","attachmentId":94561011,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/91209082/At_least_as_safe_as_manned_shipping_Autonomous_shipping_safety_and_human_error_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/91209082/At_least_as_safe_as_manned_shipping_Autonomous_shipping_safety_and_human_error_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="64768486" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64768486/Review_of_Accidents_with_Special_References_to_Vessels_with_Automated_Systems_A_Way_Forward">Review of Accidents with Special References to Vessels with Automated Systems – A Way Forward</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41517280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RezaZiarati">Reza Ziarati</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The modern ships particularly container and fuel carrying vessels are becoming increasingly automated. The automation has brought with it two problems, one concerning the inadequacy of existing seafarers‟ education and training viz., that if any aspects of automation fails the crew often are not trained to use alternative systems and hence respond to it effectively (IMO MSC 82, 2006; Ziarati, 2006). The second problem has arisen from the review of the arguments from recent IMO Maritime Safety Committee (reports MSC 82/15/2 and MSC 82/15/3, 2006) namely that the human operators rarely understand all the characteristics of automatic systems and these systems‟ weaknesses and limitations which have now been found to be one of the main causes of major accidents. Also, concerns were expressed about the English language competency of seafarers of various ranks. These reports concluded that there is a need to improve the content of all maritime training to include knowledge, skills and unde...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review of Accidents with Special References to Vessels with Automated Systems – A Way Forward","attachmentId":76650270,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64768486/Review_of_Accidents_with_Special_References_to_Vessels_with_Automated_Systems_A_Way_Forward","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64768486/Review_of_Accidents_with_Special_References_to_Vessels_with_Automated_Systems_A_Way_Forward"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="42738166" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42738166/Effects_Of_Human_Error_On_Marine_Safety_Case_Study">Effects Of Human Error On Marine Safety: Case Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="65581280" href="https://independent.academia.edu/QUESTJOURNALS">QUEST JOURNALS</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The maritime shipping industry is considered as one of the huge and high-risk industries. There is a big concern toward reducing the associate risk of this industry and improving the maritime safety. There are many parameters contributing into improving maritime safety and reducing the risks of accidents. The majority of these parameters are concerned with improving the design of ship's hull and systems; utilizing advanced technologically equipment and machineries; and implementing legislations to ensure safe ship operation. Human is one of these parameters, which can be considered as the pivot parameter of maritime safety. It is the only life parameter, which interact and control the majority of other parameters. Therefore, ship safety is highly affected by human actions and the majority of maritime accidents are consequences of human error. The occurrence of marine accidents and increase of casualty's number instead of vast improvement in the ship's design, using of advanced technologically equipment and implementing of strict maritime safety regulations and legislation is an obvious example for the effect of Human error. In this paper, a detailed step-to-step events evaluation technique of a collision case study is used to investigate human error factors participated as main causes of the accident. 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However, as shipping vessels continue to increase in size, one single incident, such as the oil spills from ‘super’ tankers, can have catastrophic and long-term consequences for marine ecosystems, the environment and local economies. Maritime transport accidents are complex and caused by a combination of events or processes that might ultimately result in the loss of human and marine life, and irreversible ecological, environmental and economic damage. Many studies point to direct or indirect human error as a major cause of maritime accidents, which raises many unanswered questions about the best way to prevent catastrophic human error in maritime contexts. This paper takes a first step towards addressing some of these questions by improving our understanding of upstream maritime accidents from an organisation science perspective—an area of research that is currently underdeveloped. This will provide ne...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reducing maritime accidents in ships by tackling human error: a bibliometric review and research agenda","attachmentId":75418746,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/62748821/Reducing_maritime_accidents_in_ships_by_tackling_human_error_a_bibliometric_review_and_research_agenda","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/62748821/Reducing_maritime_accidents_in_ships_by_tackling_human_error_a_bibliometric_review_and_research_agenda"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span 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data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Benefits and Challenges of Autonomous Vessel Use on the Shipping Industry","attachmentId":95473078,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92473260/Benefits_and_Challenges_of_Autonomous_Vessel_Use_on_the_Shipping_Industry","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92473260/Benefits_and_Challenges_of_Autonomous_Vessel_Use_on_the_Shipping_Industry"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="92704635" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92704635/Towards_the_Development_of_a_Risk_Model_for_Unmanned_Vessels_Design_and_Operations">Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="214564992" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PrzemyslawKrata">Przemyslaw Krata</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Towards the Development of a Risk Model for Unmanned Vessels Design and Operations","attachmentId":95642889,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92704635/Towards_the_Development_of_a_Risk_Model_for_Unmanned_Vessels_Design_and_Operations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92704635/Towards_the_Development_of_a_Risk_Model_for_Unmanned_Vessels_Design_and_Operations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="63711783" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63711783/Can_unmanned_ships_improve_navigational_safety">Can unmanned ships improve navigational safety?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24710263" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%C3%98rnulfJanR%C3%B8dseth">Ørnulf Jan Rødseth</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Can unmanned ships improve navigational safety?","attachmentId":76050298,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/63711783/Can_unmanned_ships_improve_navigational_safety","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/63711783/Can_unmanned_ships_improve_navigational_safety"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="100644776" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships">Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34277227" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EleftheriaEliopoulou">Eleftheria Eliopoulou</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper deals with a statistical analysis of maritime accidents pertaining to passenger ships in worldwide operation and, ultimately, with the assessment of the current safety level of the particular ship type, assuming that the safety level may be defined as a societally acceptable level of risk. The basic risk contributors, namely the frequency of main accidents’ occurrence and related consequences, are herein quantified and assessed. The presented analysis, covering the last two decades (2000–2021), shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the frequency of serious accidents’ occurrence in the last decade, whereas associated consequences do not exhibit the same trend since the frequency of ship total losses and of fatalities has increased. However, fatality rates are, to a great extent, affected by accidents of ships not compliant with safety regulations. This study also confirmed that grounding and contact accidents dominate the statistics of passenger ships of al...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Statistical Analysis of Accidents and Review of Safety Level of Passenger Ships","attachmentId":101408663,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100644776/Statistical_Analysis_of_Accidents_and_Review_of_Safety_Level_of_Passenger_Ships"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76049915,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":76049915,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_76049915" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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