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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Design subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Protocol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protocol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Protocol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protocol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Creation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Creation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Creation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Creation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official_account" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_account"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Official account</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_account-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pak_Il's_account" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pak_Il's_account"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Pak Il's account</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pak_Il's_account-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_North_Korean_propaganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_North_Korean_propaganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>In North Korean propaganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_North_Korean_propaganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>In South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outside_of_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outside_of_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Outside of Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outside_of_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.2</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-News_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#News_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.3</span> <span>News articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-News_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.4</span> <span>Government publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of North Korea</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Noord-Korea" title="Vlag van Noord-Korea – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlag van Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B0%E1%88%9C%E1%8A%95_%E1%8A%AE%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%AB_%E1%88%B0%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B0%E1%89%85_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%8B%E1%88%9B" title="የሰሜን ኮርያ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሰሜን ኮርያ ሰንደቅ ዓላማ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم كوريا الشمالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم كوريا الشمالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Corea_d%27o_Norte" title="Bandera de Corea d'o Norte – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bandera de Corea d'o Norte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eimali_Koreya_bayra%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Şimali Koreya bayrağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şimali Koreya bayrağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kob%C3%A9r_Kor%C3%A9a_Kal%C3%A9r" title="Kobér Koréa Kalér – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kobér Koréa Kalér" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="উত্তর কোরিয়ার জাতীয় পতাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উত্তর কোরিয়ার জাতীয় পতাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%A0%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Сцяг Карэйскай Народна-Дэмакратычнай Рэспублікі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сцяг Карэйскай Народна-Дэмакратычнай Рэспублікі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Национално знаме на Северна Корея – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Национално знаме на Северна Корея" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Sjeverne_Koreje" title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Corea_del_Nord" title="Bandera de Corea del Nord – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bandera de Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severokorejsk%C3%A1_vlajka" title="Severokorejská vlajka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Severokorejská vlajka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baner_Gogledd_Corea" title="Baner Gogledd Corea – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Baner Gogledd Corea" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordkoreas_flag" title="Nordkoreas flag – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nordkoreas flag" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagge_Nordkoreas" title="Flagge Nordkoreas – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Flagge Nordkoreas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hja-Korea_lipp" title="Põhja-Korea lipp – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhja-Korea lipp" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Σημαία της Βόρειας Κορέας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σημαία της Βόρειας Κορέας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_Corea_del_Norte" title="Bandera de Corea del Norte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bandera de Corea del Norte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flago_de_Nord-Koreio" title="Flago de Nord-Koreio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Flago de Nord-Koreio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipar_Koreako_bandera" title="Ipar Koreako bandera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ipar Koreako bandera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="پرچم کره شمالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرچم کره شمالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapeau_de_la_Cor%C3%A9e_du_Nord" title="Drapeau de la Corée du Nord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drapeau de la Corée du Nord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_de_Corea_do_Norte" title="Bandeira de Corea do Norte – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bandeira de Corea do Norte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%89%E0%AA%A4%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%B0_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%9C" title="ઉત્તર કોરિયાનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઉત્તર કોરિયાનો રાષ્ટ્રધ્વજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%84%A0%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0" title="조선민주주의인민공화국의 국기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조선민주주의인민공화국의 국기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B7" title="Հյուսիսային Կորեայի դրոշ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսիսային Կորեայի դրոշ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="उत्तरी कोरिया का ध्वज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उत्तरी कोरिया का ध्वज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Sjeverne_Koreje" title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%94%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়ার ফিরালহান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ঔয়াং কোরিয়ার ফিরালহান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Korea_Utara" title="Bendera Korea Utara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bendera Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandiera_della_Corea_del_Nord" title="Bandiera della Corea del Nord – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bandiera della Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="דגל קוריאה הצפונית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דגל קוריאה הצפונית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%97_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90" title="ჩრდილოეთ კორეის დროშა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჩრდილოეთ კორეის დროშა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%AD%D0%94%D0%A0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81%D1%83" title="КЭДРдин туусу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="КЭДРдин туусу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korejas_Tautas_Demokr%C4%81tisk%C4%81s_Republikas_karogs" title="Korejas Tautas Demokrātiskās Republikas karogs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korejas Tautas Demokrātiskās Republikas karogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0iaur%C4%97s_Kor%C4%97jos_v%C4%97liava" title="Šiaurės Korėjos vėliava – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šiaurės Korėjos vėliava" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandera_de_la_Corea_del_Nord" title="Bandera de la Corea del Nord – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bandera de la Corea del Nord" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szak-Korea_z%C3%A1szlaja" title="Észak-Korea zászlaja – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észak-Korea zászlaja" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Знаме на Демократска Народна Република Кореја – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Знаме на Демократска Народна Република Кореја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C" title="उत्तर कोरियाचा ध्वज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उत्तर कोरियाचा ध्वज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="علم كوريا الشماليه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم كوريا الشماليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendera_Korea_Utara" title="Bendera Korea Utara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bendera Korea Utara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlag_van_Noord-Korea" title="Vlag van Noord-Korea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vlag van Noord-Korea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の国旗 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="朝鮮民主主義人民共和国の国旗" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Koriyan_flag" title="North Koriyan flag – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="North Koriyan flag" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-Koreas_flagg" title="Nord-Koreas flagg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nord-Koreas flagg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimoliy_Koreya_bayrog%CA%BBi" title="Shimoliy Koreya bayrogʻi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Shimoliy Koreya bayrogʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BE%E1%9E%84" title="ទង់ជាតិកូរ៉េខាងជើង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទង់ជាតិកូរ៉េខាងជើង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagg_vun_Noordkorea" title="Flagg vun Noordkorea – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Flagg vun Noordkorea" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaga_Korei_P%C3%B3%C5%82nocnej" title="Flaga Korei Północnej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Flaga Korei Północnej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeira_da_Coreia_do_Norte" title="Bandeira da Coreia do Norte – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bandeira da Coreia do Norte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drapelul_Coreei_de_Nord" title="Drapelul Coreei de Nord – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drapelul Coreei de Nord" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3_%D0%9A%D0%9D%D0%94%D0%A0" title="Флаг КНДР – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Флаг КНДР" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_o_North_Korea" title="Banner o North Korea – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Banner o North Korea" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_North_Korea" title="Flag of North Korea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Flag of North Korea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlajka_K%C3%B3rejskej_%C4%BEudovodemokratickej_republiky" title="Vlajka Kórejskej ľudovodemokratickej republiky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vlajka Kórejskej ľudovodemokratickej republiky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Застава Северне Кореје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Застава Северне Кореје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zastava_Sjeverne_Koreje" title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zastava Sjeverne Koreje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjois-Korean_lippu" title="Pohjois-Korean lippu – Finnish" lang="fi" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Democratic People's<br />Republic of Korea</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="display:none"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/255px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/383px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/510px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Blue and Red Flag of the Republic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vexillological_symbol" title="Vexillological symbol">Use</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flag</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_ensign" class="mw-redirect" title="National ensign">ensign</a> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_111111.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="National flag and ensign"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FIAV_111111.svg/23px-FIAV_111111.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FIAV_111111.svg/35px-FIAV_111111.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FIAV_111111.svg/46px-FIAV_111111.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_normal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal or de jure version of flag, or obverse side"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/23px-FIAV_normal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/36px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FIAV_normal.svg/46px-FIAV_normal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Mirror.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side"><img alt="Reverse side is mirror image of obverse side" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/21px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/32px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/IFIS_Mirror.svg/42px-IFIS_Mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design has no element that can be rotated"><img alt="Design has no element that can be rotated" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg/21px-IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg/32px-IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg/42px-IFIS_Vertical_inapplicable.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="13" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Proportion</th><td class="infobox-data">1:2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Adopted</th><td class="infobox-data">10 July 1948 (introduced)<br />8 September 1948<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1948-09-08</span>)</span> (adopted)<br />22 October 1992 (standardised)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data">A wide horizontal red stripe bordered above and below by a thin white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The red stripe is <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charged</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoist (flag)">hoist</a> with a five-pointed <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> inside a white disc.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">Democratic People's Republic of Korea</a>, commonly known as North Korea, consists of a wide horizontal red stripe bordered above and below by a thin white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The red stripe is <a href="/wiki/Charge_(heraldry)" title="Charge (heraldry)">charged</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Hoist_(flag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoist (flag)">hoist</a> with a five-pointed <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> inside a white disc. The design of the flag is defined in the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">North Korean constitution</a> and regulations regarding the use and manufacture of the flag are outlined in the country's national flag law. The North Korean government credits <a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a>, the country's founder and first leader, as the designer of the flag. The flag was officially adopted on 8 September 1948, with the passing of North Korea's first constitution by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Assembly" title="Supreme People's Assembly">Supreme People's Assembly</a>. The North Korean flag is banned in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> by the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_(South_Korea)" title="National Security Act (South Korea)">National Security Act</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In North Korea, the flag is known by various names, including the "Blue and Red Flag of the Republic",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Blue and Red National Flag",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the "Red-Blue Five-Pointed Star Flag",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the "Flag of the Republic".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South Korea, it is known as the "Flag of the People's Republic"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Pejorative" title="Pejorative">pejoratively</a> as the "Flag of the Northern Puppet".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusan_City_News2003_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusan_City_News2003-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong-A_Ilbo1965_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong-A_Ilbo1965-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The design of the flag is defined in Chapter VII, Article 170 of the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1948 (2014 revision). It states:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014Chapter_VII,_Article_170_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014Chapter_VII,_Article_170-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The national flag of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea consists of a central red panel, bordered both above and below by a narrow white stripe and a broad blue stripe. The central red panel bears a five-pointed red star within a white circle near the hoist. The ratio of the width to the length is 1:2.</p></blockquote> <p>The article was retained from the country's provisional constitution, which was drafted in late 1947 and adopted at a special session of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Assembly_of_North_Korea" title="People's Assembly of North Korea">People's Assembly of North Korea</a> in February 1948. During the session, assembly chairman <a href="/wiki/Kim_Tu-bong" title="Kim Tu-bong">Kim Tu-bong</a> read the article describing the national flag (originally Article 100) and asked for opinions from delegates. Representative An Mong-yong expressed his concerns that the flag would fold easily when hoisted because of its length, and proposed changing the width-to-length ratio of the flag from 1:2 to 2:3. An's proposal was dismissed by Kim Tu-bong, who assured An that the existing dimensions would not be a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016271–272_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016271–272-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Symbolism">Symbolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/150px-Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/225px-Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/300px-Vertical_Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag can be hoisted vertically only"><img alt="Flag can be hoisted vertically only" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg/21px-IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg/32px-IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg/42px-IFIS_Vertical_exclusive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="15" /></a></span> Vertical display of the flag</figcaption></figure> <p>Different sources give conflicting explanations of the flag's symbolism. According to an article published on 8 August 2013 in the <i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i>, the official newspaper of the ruling <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_of_Korea" title="Workers' Party of Korea">Workers' Party of Korea</a>, Kim Il Sung gave the following significance to the flag's elements after designing it:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The red colour of the flag symbolises the anti-Japanese fervour, the red blood shed by the Korean patriots and the invincible might of our people firmly united to support the Republic. The white colour symbolises the one bloodline, one land, one language, one culture of our monoethnic country, which lived in purity. And blue stands for the gallant visage of our people, symbolising the spirit of the Korean people fighting for world peace and progress.</p></blockquote> <p>Pak Il, a <a href="/wiki/Koryo-saram" title="Koryo-saram">Soviet-Korean</a> interpreter who claims to have translated from <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> the original flag designs proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a>, claimed that the flag was initially intended to be hoisted vertically, and gave the following as the original explanation of the flag's symbolism:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016270_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016270-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The red stripe was to symbolise the land of the new Korea, illuminated by the red star of <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>. The blue stripes surrounding the flag were to symbolise the seas surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Korean_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean peninsula">Korean peninsula</a> [the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Japan" title="Sea of Japan">Sea of Japan</a>].</p></blockquote> <p>The US <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">World Factbook</a></i> meanwhile states that the colours of the flag – red, white, and blue – are considered <a href="/wiki/National_colours" title="National colours">national colours</a> and symbolise, respectively: revolutionary traditions; purity, strength, and dignity; and sovereignty, peace, and friendship. It also states that the red star is a national symbol and represents <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECentral_Intelligence_Agency2024_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECentral_Intelligence_Agency2024-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North Korean government has specified sizes, colours, and manufacturing parameters in which the flag is to be made. They are detailed in Appendix I of the National Flag Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, 1992 (2012 revision). The width-to-length ratio of the flag is 1:2. The flag is divided into six vertical sections, with the top and bottom sixths being blue stripes. The middle four-sixths further divide into 24 sections, with the top and bottom twenty-fourths being white stripes, and the other twenty-two twenty-fourths being red. The center of the red star (and of the white disc that surrounds it) is at half the flag's height and one-third of its length. The diameter of the white disc is two-thirds the combined height of the red and white stripes. The imaginary disc described by the points of the red star has a diameter equal to half the height of the white stripe from the white disc's diameter. The points of the red star do not touch the circumference of the white disc.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Korea_(construction_sheet).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/400px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/600px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_North_Korea_%28construction_sheet%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1290" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Flag construction sheet</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protocol">Protocol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Protocol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg/170px-Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg/255px-Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg/340px-Photograph_of_flags_of_North_Korea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2463" data-file-height="3121" /></a><figcaption>North Korean flags flying near the <a href="/wiki/Kumsusan_Palace_of_the_Sun" title="Kumsusan Palace of the Sun">Kumsusan Palace of the Sun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The national flag law outlines regulations regarding the display and handling of the national flag. The North Korean flag is flown regularly from the <a href="/wiki/Kumsusan_Palace_of_the_Sun" title="Kumsusan Palace of the Sun">Kumsusan Palace of the Sun</a>, government buildings, courtrooms, and diplomatic missions abroad. It may also be flown from "other required places and the government office buildings of overseas Korean residents' organizations".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_16_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_16-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gold <a href="/wiki/Tassel" title="Tassel">tassels</a> measuring one-eighth of the flag width may be attached to the fly side of flags flown during diplomatic ceremonies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_II,_Article_9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_II,_Article_9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag is flown or draped as a symbol of the state during state holidays and memorial days, election days, and important state events.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_17_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_17-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between April and September, the flag should be raised at around 7:00 to 8:00 a.m. and lowered at around 7:00 to 8:00 p.m. Between October and March, the flag should be raised at around 8:00 to 9:00 a.m. and lowered at around 5:00 to 6:00 p.m.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_15_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_15-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag must be raised and lowered slowly by a designated person with an assistant present. The flag must be raised to the end of the flagpole regardless of its use at full-mast or half-mast; in the latter case, the flag should be lowered after reaching the end.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Articles_28_and_30_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Articles_28_and_30-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag may not be raised in severe weather conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_27_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_27-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Damaged, faded or substandard flags must not be used.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_29_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_29-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The national flag of North Korea takes precedent over other flags of the state, but not necessarily the flags of other countries. When the national flag is flown with other flags of the state, it should be flown first, either in the center or on the opposite left, and higher than the others. During a parade, it should be flown at the front of the procession. The North Korean flag should only be flown alongside the national flags of countries which recognise North Korea; in such cases, all flags must be of the same size and height.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_28_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_28-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg/170px-Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg/255px-Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg/340px-Kim-Il-sung_%EA%B9%80%EC%9D%BC%EC%84%B1_19461103election.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1446" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_Il_Sung" title="Kim Il Sung">Kim Il Sung</a> giving a speech in front of the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Flag of the Soviet Union">Soviet flag</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Taegukgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taegukgi">taegukgi</a></i> in 1946</figcaption></figure> <p>Korea adopted its first national flag, the <i><a href="/wiki/Taegukgi" class="mw-redirect" title="Taegukgi">taegukgi</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">태극기</span></span>) or "Flag of Great Extremes", in 1882. The <i>taegukgi</i> is a white field with a centered blue and red <i><a href="/wiki/Taegeuk" title="Taegeuk">taegeuk</a></i> surrounded by four <a href="/wiki/Bagua" title="Bagua">trigrams</a>, representing sky, water, land, and fire. It was used by the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Empire" title="Korean Empire">Korean Empire</a> up until <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">its annexation</a> by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial Japan</a> in 1910. The <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">flag of Japan</a> subsequently replaced the <i>taegukgi</i> as the national flag flown on the Korean peninsula, and the <i>taegukgi</i> became a symbol of anti-Japanese resistance and <a href="/wiki/Korean_independence_movement" title="Korean independence movement">Korean independence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016267–268_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016267–268-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies'</a> victory in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945 resulted in Japan relinquishing control over Korea and the peninsula being divided into two occupation zones. The Soviet Union <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Civil_Administration" title="Soviet Civil Administration">occupied the northern half of Korea</a> while the United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">occupied the southern half</a>. The <i>taegukgi</i> was widely used in both occupation zones, and it was not until 1947 that the Soviets began proposing a new flag to their Korean allies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016268–269_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016268–269-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Creation">Creation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Creation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Official_account">Official account</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Official account"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg/220px-Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg/330px-Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg/440px-Proposed_DPRK_flag_1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><span class="mw-default-size noviewer skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FIAV_proposal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Design was proposed in the past, but never officially adopted"><img alt="Small vexillological symbol or pictogram in black and white showing the different uses of the flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/23px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/36px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/FIAV_proposal.svg/46px-FIAV_proposal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> The design initially selected by Kim Il Sung, according to North Korean government sources</figcaption></figure> <p>The North Korean government credits Kim Il Sung with designing the country's national flag. According to a <i><a href="/wiki/Tongil_News" title="Tongil News">Tongil News</a></i> report of an article by the state-run <i>Rodong Sinmun</i>, Kim Il Sung began expressing the necessity of a new national flag and emblem in January 1948. He argued that they were important for future national affairs and would strengthen national pride.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2022_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2022-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A team of artists was tasked with proposing designs for the new flag. Kim Il Sung initially chose a design similar to the flag that was adopted, except its width-to-length ratio was 2:3 and the white disc was in the center and did not feature a charge. In February 1948, Kim Il Sung instructed the artists to change the ratio to 1:2, to add a five-pointed red star to the inside of the disc, and to move the disc towards the hoist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi199999_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi199999-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag design was then accepted by the Constitutional Reform Committee and written into the provisional constitution on 20 February 1948 and confirmed by a special committee of the People's Assembly on 28 April.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi199999–100_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi199999–100-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A ceremony was held on 10 July 1948 to take down the <i>taegukgi</i> and install the new flag in the meeting place, but the new flag's adoption was not official until the passing of North Korea's first constitution by the Supreme People's Assembly on 8 September.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy202439–41_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy202439–41-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoe201864_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoe201864-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi1999100_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi1999100-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The flag design was standardised with the passing of the national flag law on 22 October 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decision to change the national flag was relatively unpopular among politically active Koreans at the beginning. <a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh Woon-hyung</a>, for example, described the flag change as "not right". The <a href="/wiki/Chondoist_Chongu_Party" title="Chondoist Chongu Party">Chondoist Chongu Party</a> also criticised the new design and occasionally refused to participate in demonstrations under the flag.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the flag design in the provisional constitution was first read and debated, the representative Chong Chae-yong defended the <i>taegukgi</i> as a symbol of the Korean people's liberation, cherished by Koreans in both the north and south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016272_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016272-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the flag's approval by the People's Assembly in April 1948, Kim Tu-bong felt it necessary to defend the new flag and published a book in August titled <i>On the Establishment of the New National Flag and the Abolition of the Taegukgi</i>. In it, he praises the new flag as a symbol of the country's future and discredits the design of the <i>taegukgi</i> as overly complex, unintelligible, and rooted in superstition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274–275_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274–275-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Korean artist Kim Chu-gyong was originally credited by the North Korean government as the flag's designer. On the 30th anniversary of the founding of North Korea in 1978, he was given an award for designing the North Korean flag and emblem, and a book was published titled <i>In the Embrace of Grace</i>, which included some of his collected writings. He also wrote a detailed account of how he was ordered by Kim Il Sung to make the designs in November 1947, titled <i>The Story of Our Country's National Emblem and National Flag</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pak_Il's_account"><span id="Pak_Il.27s_account"></span>Pak Il's account</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pak Il's account"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pak Il, a Soviet-Korean interpreter for the <a href="/wiki/25th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" title="25th Army (Soviet Union)">Soviet 25th Army</a>, gave a different account of the flag's creation in two interviews, one to the Russian magazine <i>Sovershenno Sekretno</i> in 1992 and another to the South Korean newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dong-A_Ilbo" title="The Dong-A Ilbo">The Dong-A Ilbo</a></i> in 1993. According to Pak, the Soviets were responsible for proposing and designing the flag. In 1947, Soviet major general <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Georgiyevich_Lebedev" title="Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev">Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev</a> summoned Kim Tu-bong to discuss whether the <i>taegukgi</i> should be retained by a newly-founded North Korea. Kim Tu-bong was in favour of keeping the <i>taegukgi</i> and attempted to explain to Lebedev the flag's significance within <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian philosophy">East Asian philosophy</a>. Lebedev dismissed Kim Tu-bong's lecture as nonsense and superstition. A few months later, the Soviets sent a Russian-language document outlining their design to the 7th Department of the 25th Army. Pak was asked to translate it to Korean, and it eventually became the flag of North Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016269–270_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016269–270-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pak's account of the flag's creation was corroborated by fellow Soviet-Korean <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Fng_Sangjin" title="Chŏng Sangjin">Chŏng Sangjin</a>, who held prominent positions in the North Korean culture and propaganda ministry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPak1993_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPak1993-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_uses">Notable uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_North_Korean_propaganda">In North Korean propaganda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: In North Korean propaganda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North Korean flag is frequently used in <a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_North_Korea" title="Propaganda in North Korea">state propaganda</a>. For example, propaganda posters often include the national flag, but it is depicted less prominently than symbols of <i><a href="/wiki/Juche" title="Juche">Juche</a></i>, North Korea's state ideology attributed to Kim Il Sung. American scholar Carter Matherly argues that this is meant to symbolise national unity under the guidance of <i>Juche</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatherly2019102_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatherly2019102-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Massive North Korean flags are also displayed during the <a href="/wiki/Arirang_Mass_Games" title="Arirang Mass Games">Arirang Mass Games</a> in Pyongyang. One such display is made by thousands of people holding up coloured cards.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett201318_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett201318-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Korean village of <a href="/wiki/Kijong-dong" title="Kijong-dong">Kijong-dong</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Military_Demarcation_Line" title="Military Demarcation Line">Military Demarcation Line</a> and within the <a href="/wiki/Korean_Demilitarized_Zone" title="Korean Demilitarized Zone">Korean Demilitarized Zone</a>, is the location of a 272-kilogram (600 lb) North Korean flag which flies from a 160-metre (525-foot) flagpole. It was constructed in response to the South Korean side's raising of a 136-kilogram (300 lb) flag on a 98-metre (323-foot) flagpole in <a href="/wiki/Daeseong-dong" title="Daeseong-dong">Daeseong-dong</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETan2018_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETan2018-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonnett2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidHyQeAwAAQBAJpgPT104_104]_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonnett2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidHyQeAwAAQBAJpgPT104_104]-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotts1999_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotts1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The North Korean flag flying atop Mansudae Assembly Hall"><img alt="The North Korean flag flying atop Mansudae Assembly Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/132px-Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="132" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/198px-Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG/263px-Mansudae_Assembly_Hall_03_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The North Korean flag flying atop <a href="/wiki/Mansudae_Assembly_Hall" title="Mansudae Assembly Hall">Mansudae Assembly Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A North Korean flag flies near the Juche Tower in Pyongyang"><img alt="A North Korean flag flies near the Juche Tower in Pyongyang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg/120px-Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg/180px-Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg/240px-Dprk_pyongyang_chuche_monument_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A North Korean flag flies near the <i><a href="/wiki/Juche_Tower" title="Juche Tower">Juche Tower</a></i> in Pyongyang</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A massive North Korean flag at the Arirang Mass Games"><img alt="A massive North Korean flag at the Arirang Mass Games" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg/180px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg/270px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg/360px-North_Korea-Pyongyang-Arirang_Mass_Games-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2809" data-file-height="2106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A massive North Korean flag at the Arirang Mass Games</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The North Korean flag flying on the 160-metre (525-foot) flagpole in Kijong-dong"><img alt="The North Korean flag flying on the 160-metre (525-foot) flagpole in Kijong-dong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg/135px-Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg/202px-Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg/270px-Gijeong-ri_Flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The North Korean flag flying on the <a href="/wiki/Kijong-dong#Flagpole" title="Kijong-dong">160-metre (525-foot) flagpole</a> in Kijong-dong</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_South_Korea">In South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is illegal to carry or raise the North Korean flag in South Korea; the country's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_(South_Korea)" title="National Security Act (South Korea)">National Security Act</a> prohibits actions that may be interpreted as pro-communist.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford2014_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2014-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENutley2018_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENutley2018-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, exceptions have been made for regional and international sports competitions, such as the <a href="/wiki/2002_Asian_Games" title="2002 Asian Games">2002 Asian Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Busan" title="Busan">Busan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2014_Asian_Games" title="2014 Asian Games">2014 Asian Games</a> in <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics" title="2018 Winter Olympics">2018 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_County" title="Pyeongchang County">Pyeongchang</a>. During the 2002 Asian Games, the North Korean flag was permitted to fly at five locations: the Busan Asian Games Organizing Committee, the event's main hotel, the press center, the athletes' village, and the conference room for representatives of participating countries. Nationals of all countries, including North Korea, were not permitted to carry North Korean flags.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2002_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2002-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A volunteer raised the North Korean flag at the formal ceremonies of the 2014 Asian Games; every other competing country's flag was raised by a South Korean soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2014_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2014-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPark2014_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark2014-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The North Korean flag was flown at event venues during the 2018 Winter Olympics. However, the North Korean flag was not raised at the <a href="/wiki/Pyeongchang_Olympic_Village" title="Pyeongchang Olympic Village">Pyeongchang Olympic Village</a> during a public welcoming ceremony for competing countries. Instead, it was raised there at midnight, a day after the other competing countries' flags had already been raised. An official from the <a href="/wiki/PyeongChang_Organizing_Committee_for_the_2018_Olympic_%26_Paralympic_Winter_Games" title="PyeongChang Organizing Committee for the 2018 Olympic & Paralympic Winter Games">Pyeongchang Olympic Organizing Committee</a> explained that the decision was made to avoid causing controversy over possibly violating the National Security Act.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENutley2018_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENutley2018-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKang2018_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang2018-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Anti-North Korea protesters burned the North Korean flag in front of the Olympic stadium hours before the games' opening ceremony.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2018_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2018-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outside_of_Korea">Outside of Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Outside of Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North Korean flag has been mistakenly used by a number of international organisations to represent South Korea. The organising committee of the <a href="/wiki/2003_Winter_Universiade" title="2003 Winter Universiade">2003 Winter Universiade</a> accidentally displayed the North Korean flag while explaining the accommodations for South Korean athletes. In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation" title="Asian Football Confederation">Asian Football Confederation</a> used the North Korean flag in a post on its website about South Korea's previous hosting of the tournament. In 2023, the official website of the 28th Conference of the Parties to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a> displayed the North Korean flag for South Korea in its list of participants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2023_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2023-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The North Korean flag has also been used to insult or mock South Koreans online. For example, South Korean <a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">taekwondo</a> athlete <a href="/wiki/Park_Tae-joon_(taekwondo)" title="Park Tae-joon (taekwondo)">Park Tae-joon</a>'s social media posts received numerous comments with North Korean flag emojis in them after he won gold at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Summer_Olympics" title="2024 Summer Olympics">2024 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2024_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2024-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/32px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/48px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/64px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_Korea" title="Portal:North Korea">North Korea portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/25px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/38px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/51px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">Flag of South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Unification_Flag" title="Korean Unification Flag">Korean Unification Flag</a> – Flag representing all of Korea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Korean_flags" title="List of Korean flags">List of Korean flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Korean_flags" title="List of North Korean flags">List of North Korean flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_National_Flag" title="Order of the National Flag">Order of the National Flag</a> – Second highest order of North Korea</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">North Korean government sources credit Kim Il Sung with designing the flag. This credit was previously given to North Korean artist Kim Chu-gyong. Pak Il, a Soviet-Korean interpreter, claims that it was designed by the government of the Soviet Union.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">람홍색공화국기[발]</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">藍紅色共和國旗[발]</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Lamhongsaek Gonghwagukgi[bal]</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Lamhongsaek Konghwagukki[ppal]</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">람홍색국기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">藍紅色國旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hongramsaek Gukgi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hongramsaek Kukki</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">홍람오각별기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">紅藍五角星旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hongramogakbyeolgi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Hongramogakpyŏlgi</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">공화국기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">共和國旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Gonghwagukgi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Konghwagukki</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">인민공화국기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">人民共和國旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Inmin Gonghwagukgi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Inmin Konghwagukki</i></span> or <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">인공기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">人共旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Ingonggi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">In'gonggi</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">북괴기</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">北傀旗</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Bukgoegi</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/McCune%E2%80%93Reischauer" title="McCune–Reischauer">MR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">Pukkoegi</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><div><ul><li>"<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">람홍색공화국기</span></span>" is mentioned in <a href="#CITEREFBusan_City_News2003">Busan City News 2003</a> and <a href="#CITEREFLee2022">Lee 2022</a></li><li>"<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">람홍색공화국기발</span></span>" is mentioned in <a href="#CITEREFKumsugangsan2023">Kumsugangsan 2023</a>.</li><li>"<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">람홍색국기</span></span>" is mentioned in <a href="#CITEREFOh2024">Oh 2024</a>.</li><li>"<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">홍람오각별기</span></span>" is mentioned in <a href="#CITEREFHwang2009">Hwang 2009</a> and <a href="#CITEREFLee2022">Lee 2022</a>.</li><li>"<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">공화국기</span></span>" is mentioned in <a href="#CITEREFBusan_City_News2003">Busan City News 2003</a>.</li></ul></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBusan_City_News2003-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBusan_City_News2003_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBusan_City_News2003">Busan City News 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDong-A_Ilbo1965-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDong-A_Ilbo1965_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDong-A_Ilbo1965">Dong-A Ilbo 1965</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014Chapter_VII,_Article_170-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014Chapter_VII,_Article_170_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014">Socialist Constitution of the DPRK 2014</a>, Chapter VII, Article 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016271–272-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016271–272_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, pp. 271–272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2014_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2014">Tertitskiy 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016270-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016270_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECentral_Intelligence_Agency2024-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECentral_Intelligence_Agency2024_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2024">Central Intelligence Agency 2024</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Appendix_I_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Appendix I.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_16-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_16_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_II,_Article_9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_II,_Article_9_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter II, Article 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_17-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_17_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_15-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_15_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Articles_28_and_30-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Articles_28_and_30_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Articles 28 and 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_27-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_27_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_29-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_29_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_28-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012Chapter_III,_Article_28_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012">National Flag Law of the DPRK 2012</a>, Chapter III, Article 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016267–268-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016267–268_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, pp. 267–268.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016268–269-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016268–269_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, pp. 268–269.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2022-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2022_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2022">Lee 2022</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi199999-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi199999_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoi1999">Choi 1999</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi199999–100-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi199999–100_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoi1999">Choi 1999</a>, pp. 99–100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy202439–41-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy202439–41_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2024">Tertitskiy 2024</a>, pp. 39–41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoe201864-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoe201864_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoe2018">Choe 2018</a>, pp. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoi1999100-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoi1999100_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoi1999">Choi 1999</a>, pp. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016272-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016272_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274–275-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016274–275_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, pp. 274–275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELee2019-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELee2019_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLee2019">Lee 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016269–270-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETertitskiy2016269–270_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTertitskiy2016">Tertitskiy 2016</a>, pp. 269–270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPak1993-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPak1993_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPak1993">Pak 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMatherly2019102-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMatherly2019102_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMatherly2019">Matherly 2019</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Guardian2015_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThe_Guardian2015">The Guardian 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurnett201318-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurnett201318_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurnett2013">Burnett 2013</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETan2018-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETan2018_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTan2018">Tan 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBonnett2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidHyQeAwAAQBAJpgPT104_104]-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBonnett2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidHyQeAwAAQBAJpgPT104_104]_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBonnett2014">Bonnett 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQeAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT104">104</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPotts1999-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPotts1999_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPotts1999">Potts 1999</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERutherford2014-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERutherford2014_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRutherford2014">Rutherford 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENutley2018-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENutley2018_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENutley2018_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNutley2018">Nutley 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2002-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2002_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2002">Kim 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2014-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2014_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2014">Kim 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPark2014-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPark2014_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPark2014">Park 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKang2018-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKang2018_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKang2018">Kang 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuters2018-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuters2018_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuters2018">Reuters 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2023-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2023_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2023">Kim 2023</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKim2024-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKim2024_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKim2024">Kim 2024</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBonnett2014" class="citation book cs1">Bonnett, Alastair (17 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HyQeAwAAQBAJ"><i>Off the Map: Lost Spaces, Invisible Cities, Forgotten Islands, Feral Places and What They Tell Us About the World</i></a>. Aurum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-267-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78131-267-4"><bdi>978-1-78131-267-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Off+the+Map%3A+Lost+Spaces%2C+Invisible+Cities%2C+Forgotten+Islands%2C+Feral+Places+and+What+They+Tell+Us+About+the+World&rft.pub=Aurum&rft.date=2014-04-17&rft.isbn=978-1-78131-267-4&rft.aulast=Bonnett&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHyQeAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTertitskiy2024" class="citation book cs1">Tertitskiy, Fyodor (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003413332/soviet-north-korean-relations-cold-war-fyodor-tertitskiy"><i>Soviet-North Korean Relations During the Cold War: Unruly Offspring</i></a> (1st ed.). New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003413332">10.4324/9781003413332</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-032-53730-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-032-53730-6"><bdi>978-1-032-53730-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240813003046/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003413332/soviet-north-korean-relations-cold-war-fyodor-tertitskiy">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soviet-North+Korean+Relations+During+the+Cold+War%3A+Unruly+Offspring&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003413332&rft.isbn=978-1-032-53730-6&rft.aulast=Tertitskiy&rft.aufirst=Fyodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fbooks%2Fmono%2F10.4324%2F9781003413332%2Fsoviet-north-korean-relations-cold-war-fyodor-tertitskiy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnett2013" class="citation journal cs1">Burnett, Lisa (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24256889">"Let Morning Shine over Pyongyang: The Future-Oriented Nationalism of North Korea's "Arirang" Mass Games"</a>. <i>Asian Music</i>. <b>44</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Famu.2013.0010">10.1353/amu.2013.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-9202">0044-9202</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24256889">24256889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Music&rft.atitle=Let+Morning+Shine+over+Pyongyang%3A+The+Future-Oriented+Nationalism+of+North+Korea%27s+%22Arirang%22+Mass+Games&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0044-9202&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24256889%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Famu.2013.0010&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24256889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoi1999" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script">Choi, Chongko (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/8796/1/law_v40n3_088.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">남북한(南北韓)의 국가상징(國家象徵)과 법(法)</bdi></a> [National Symbols of South and North Korea and Their Laws] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Korea Society of Unification and North Korean Law Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">88–</span>108. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012800/https://s-space.snu.ac.kr/bitstream/10371/8796/1/law_v40n3_088.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Korea+Society+of+Unification+and+North+Korean+Law+Studies&rft.atitle=%EB%82%A8%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%28%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%9F%93%29%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95%28%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B1%A1%E5%BE%B5%29%EA%B3%BC+%EB%B2%95%28%E6%B3%95%29&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=Chongko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs-space.snu.ac.kr%2Fbitstream%2F10371%2F8796%2F1%2Flaw_v40n3_088.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatherly2019" class="citation journal cs1">Matherly, Carter (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632424">"Examining Attitude Functions of North Korean Cultural Propaganda"</a>. <i>North Korean Review</i>. <b>15</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">94–</span>108. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1551-2789">1551-2789</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632424">26632424</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240816195036/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26632424">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=North+Korean+Review&rft.atitle=Examining+Attitude+Functions+of+North+Korean+Cultural+Propaganda&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E94-%3C%2Fspan%3E108&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26632424%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1551-2789&rft.aulast=Matherly&rft.aufirst=Carter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26632424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTertitskiy2016" class="citation journal cs1">Tertitskiy, Fyodor (August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351344516">"Star and Stripes: History of the North Korean Flag and its Place in State Ideology"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary Korean Studies</i>. <b>3</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">265–</span>284. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6848975723">6848975723</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Korean+Studies&rft.atitle=Star+and+Stripes%3A+History+of+the+North+Korean+Flag+and+its+Place+in+State+Ideology&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E265-%3C%2Fspan%3E284&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6848975723&rft.aulast=Tertitskiy&rft.aufirst=Fyodor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F351344516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="News_articles">News articles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: News articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuters2018" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/world/anti-north-korea-protesters-burn-flags-before-opening-ceremony-idUSKBN1FT0WI/">"Anti-North Korea protesters burn flags before opening ceremony"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 8 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Anti-North+Korea+protesters+burn+flags+before+opening+ceremony&rft.date=2018-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fanti-north-korea-protesters-burn-flags-before-opening-ceremony-idUSKBN1FT0WI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHwang2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hwang, In-pyo (26 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unityinfo.co.kr/12158"><bdi lang="ko">북한바로알기 북한의 상징물들-인공기</bdi></a> [Understanding the Truth About North Korea: North Korea's Symbols – the Flag of the People's Republic]. <i>The Tongil Shinmun</i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119001358/https://www.unityinfo.co.kr/12158">Archived</a> from the original on 19 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Tongil+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EB%B0%94%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%8C%EA%B8%B0+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98+%EC%83%81%EC%A7%95%EB%AC%BC%EB%93%A4-%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0&rft.date=2009-11-26&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=In-pyo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unityinfo.co.kr%2F12158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKang2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kang, Gyeong-joo (1 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajunews.com/view/20180201093142208"><bdi lang="ko">평창올림픽 선수촌에 北인공기만 하루 늦게 게양된 이유는?</bdi></a> [Why was the North Korean flag raised a day late at the Pyeongchang Olympic Village?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Aju_Business_Daily" title="Aju Business Daily">Aju Business Daily</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118191934/https://www.ajunews.com/view/20180201093142208">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aju+Business+Daily&rft.atitle=%ED%8F%89%EC%B0%BD%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BD+%EC%84%A0%EC%88%98%EC%B4%8C%EC%97%90+%E5%8C%97%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%EB%A7%8C+%ED%95%98%EB%A3%A8+%EB%8A%A6%EA%B2%8C+%EA%B2%8C%EC%96%91%EB%90%9C+%EC%9D%B4%EC%9C%A0%EB%8A%94%3F&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Gyeong-joo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajunews.com%2Fview%2F20180201093142208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2002" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Han-seok (18 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2002/09/18/2002091870111.html"><bdi lang="ko">인공기 응원 국보법 위반<span class="nowrap"> </span>... 보디페인팅 등도 금지</bdi></a> [Cheering for the North Korean Flag Violates the National Security Act – Body Painting Also Prohibited, Among Other Things]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Chosun_Ilbo" title="The Chosun Ilbo">The Chosun Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118204032/https://www.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2002/09/18/2002091870111.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0+%EC%9D%91%EC%9B%90+%EA%B5%AD%EB%B3%B4%EB%B2%95+%EC%9C%84%EB%B0%98%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E...+%EB%B3%B4%EB%94%94%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8%ED%8C%85+%EB%93%B1%EB%8F%84+%EA%B8%88%EC%A7%80&rft.date=2002-09-18&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Han-seok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2002%2F09%2F18%2F2002091870111.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Ji-seop (18 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201409181697673681"><bdi lang="ko">북한 입촌식에 인공기 게양 자원봉사자가 한 이유는</bdi></a> [The reason why a volunteer raised the North Korean flag at North Korea's Olympic Village welcoming ceremony]. <i><a href="/wiki/Hankook_Ilbo" title="Hankook Ilbo">Hankook Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118213750/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/201409181697673681">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hankook+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EC%9E%85%EC%B4%8C%EC%8B%9D%EC%97%90+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0+%EA%B2%8C%EC%96%91+%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90%EB%B4%89%EC%82%AC%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80+%ED%95%9C+%EC%9D%B4%EC%9C%A0%EB%8A%94&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Ji-seop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hankookilbo.com%2FNews%2FRead%2F201409181697673681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, Jun-hyung (8 August 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240815063655/https://sports.news.nate.com/view/20240808n16634"><bdi lang="ko">박태준 '충격의 북한 국기 테러' 당했다<span class="nowrap"> </span>... 비매너 논란? 정당하게 싸웠을 뿐인데</bdi></a> [Park Tae-joon subjected to 'shock of North Korean flag terror'<span class="nowrap"> </span>... Controversy over poor manners? It was just a fair fight]. <i>Nate Sports</i> (in Korean). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.news.nate.com/view/20240808n16634">the original</a> on 15 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nate+Sports&rft.atitle=%EB%B0%95%ED%83%9C%EC%A4%80+%27%EC%B6%A9%EA%B2%A9%EC%9D%98+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C+%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0+%ED%85%8C%EB%9F%AC%27+%EB%8B%B9%ED%96%88%EB%8B%A4%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E...+%EB%B9%84%EB%A7%A4%EB%84%88+%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80%3F+%EC%A0%95%EB%8B%B9%ED%95%98%EA%B2%8C+%EC%8B%B8%EC%9B%A0%EC%9D%84+%EB%BF%90%EC%9D%B8%EB%8D%B0&rft.date=2024-08-08&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Jun-hyung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.news.nate.com%2Fview%2F20240808n16634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKim2023" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kim, So-hee (6 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2023120614260001327"><bdi lang="ko">태극기 대신 北 인공기 표기한 유엔 기후정상회의</bdi></a> [UN Climate Summit Shows North Korean Flag Instead of Taegukgi]. <i><a href="/wiki/Hankook_Ilbo" title="Hankook Ilbo">Hankook Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012756/https://www.hankookilbo.com/News/Read/A2023120614260001327">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hankook+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%ED%83%9C%EA%B7%B9%EA%B8%B0+%EB%8C%80%EC%8B%A0+%E5%8C%97+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0+%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0%ED%95%9C+%EC%9C%A0%EC%97%94+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84%EC%A0%95%EC%83%81%ED%9A%8C%EC%9D%98&rft.date=2023-12-06&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=So-hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hankookilbo.com%2FNews%2FRead%2FA2023120614260001327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2019" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Moo-kyung (2 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khan.co.kr/culture/culture-general/article/201907021107001"><bdi lang="ko">북한미술산책: 북한의 국장과 국기를 도안한 월북 미술가 김주경</bdi></a> [North Korea Art Walk: Kim Chu-gyong, the North Korean Artist Who Designed North Korea's Emblem and Flag]. <i><a href="/wiki/Kyunghyang_Shinmun" title="Kyunghyang Shinmun">Kyunghyang Shinmun</a></i> (in Korean). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826012901/https://www.khan.co.kr/culture/culture-general/article/201907021107001">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyunghyang+Shinmun&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0%EC%82%B0%EC%B1%85%3A+%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AD%EC%9E%A5%EA%B3%BC+%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%BC+%EB%8F%84%EC%95%88%ED%95%9C+%EC%9B%94%EB%B6%81+%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0%EA%B0%80+%EA%B9%80%EC%A3%BC%EA%B2%BD&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Moo-kyung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khan.co.kr%2Fculture%2Fculture-general%2Farticle%2F201907021107001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lee, Gye-hwan (5 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tongilnews.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=206079"><bdi lang="ko">북한의 국기인 람홍색공화국기의 탄생 배경은?</bdi></a> [What is the story behind the creation of the Blue and Red Flag of the Republic, the flag of North Korea?]. <i><a href="/wiki/Tongil_News" title="Tongil News">Tongil News</a></i> (in Korean)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tongil+News&rft.atitle=%EB%B6%81%ED%95%9C%EC%9D%98+%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%B8+%EB%9E%8C%ED%99%8D%EC%83%89%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%9D%98+%ED%83%84%EC%83%9D+%EB%B0%B0%EA%B2%BD%EC%9D%80%3F&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Gye-hwan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tongilnews.com%2Fnews%2FarticleView.html%3Fidxno%3D206079&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Guardian2015" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2015/feb/17/north-koreas-arirang-mass-games-in-pictures">"North Korea's Arirang mass games – in pictures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=North+Korea%27s+Arirang+mass+games+%E2%80%93+in+pictures&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fgallery%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F17%2Fnorth-koreas-arirang-mass-games-in-pictures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNutley2018" class="citation news cs1">Nutley, Kevin (31 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180623004702/http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__62654/Title__South-Korea-Makes-Olympic-Exception-for-North-Korean-Flag/292/Articles">"South Korea Makes Olympic Exception for North Korean Flag"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Around_the_Rings" title="Around the Rings">Around the Rings</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aroundtherings.com/site/A__62654/Title__South-Korea-Makes-Olympic-Exception-for-North-Korean-Flag/292/Articles">the original</a> on 23 June 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Around+the+Rings&rft.atitle=South+Korea+Makes+Olympic+Exception+for+North+Korean+Flag&rft.date=2018-01-31&rft.aulast=Nutley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faroundtherings.com%2Fsite%2FA__62654%2FTitle__South-Korea-Makes-Olympic-Exception-for-North-Korean-Flag%2F292%2FArticles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPak1993" class="citation interview cs1 cs1-prop-script">Pak, Il (26 September 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.naver?articleId=1993092600209116001&edtNo=40&printCount=1&publishDate=1993-09-26&officeId=00020&pageNo=16&printNo=22299&publishType=00010"><bdi lang="ko">'북한 人共旗(인공기) 舊(구)소련서 만들었다' 통역맡았던「러」거주 朴日(박일) 교수 증언</bdi></a> ['North Korean flag made in the former Soviet Union' – Testimony of Professor Pak Il, a Russian resident who was in charge of interpreting]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dong-A_Ilbo" title="The Dong-A Ilbo">The Dong-A Ilbo</a></i> (Interview)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Law+Times&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B8%EC%B2%9C%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%88%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84%EC%84%9C+%27%E5%8C%97+%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%27+%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD+%EC%9D%91%EC%9B%90%EB%8B%A8%EC%9D%80+%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9+%EC%95%88%EB%8F%BC&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Ji-yeon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawtimes.co.kr%2FLegal-News%2FLegal-News-View%2FContent%2FArticle%3Fserial%3D87285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPotts1999" class="citation news cs1">Potts, Rolf (3 February 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/">"Korea's No-Man's-Land"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130215050040/http://www.salon.com/1999/02/03/feature_115/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Korea%27s+No-Man%27s-Land&rft.date=1999-02-03&rft.aulast=Potts&rft.aufirst=Rolf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F1999%2F02%2F03%2Ffeature_115%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutherford2014" class="citation news cs1">Rutherford, Peter (12 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-games-asian-northkorea-flag-idUSKBN0H708Z20140912/">"Seoul reminds citizens of North Korea flag ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221208230247/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-games-asian-northkorea-flag-idUSKBN0H708Z20140912">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Seoul+reminds+citizens+of+North+Korea+flag+ban&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-games-asian-northkorea-flag-idUSKBN0H708Z20140912%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2018" class="citation news cs1">Tan, Yvette (25 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43806930">"North and South Korea: The petty side of diplomacy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180702144641/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-43806930">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=North+and+South+Korea%3A+The+petty+side+of+diplomacy&rft.date=2018-04-25&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Yvette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-43806930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTertitskiy2014" class="citation news cs1">Tertitskiy, Fyodor (20 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702072234/http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk03600&num=11993">"Kim Tu Bong and the Flag of Great Extremes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_NK" title="Daily NK">Daily NK</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?num=11993&cataId=nk03600">the original</a> on 2 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+NK&rft.atitle=Kim+Tu+Bong+and+the+Flag+of+Great+Extremes&rft.date=2014-06-20&rft.aulast=Tertitskiy&rft.aufirst=Fyodor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailynk.com%2Fenglish%2Fread.php%3Fnum%3D11993%26cataId%3Dnk03600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDong-A_Ilbo1965" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newslibrary.naver.com/viewer/index.nhn?articleId=1965012700209203004&editNo=2&printCount=1&publishDate=1965-01-27&officeId=00020&pageNo=3&printNo=13311&publishType=00020"><bdi lang="ko">태극기를 북괴기로</bdi></a> [From the Taegukgi to the Flag of the Northern Puppet]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dong-A_Ilbo" title="The Dong-A Ilbo">The Dong-A Ilbo</a></i> (in Korean). 27 January 1965<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dong-A+Ilbo&rft.atitle=%ED%83%9C%EA%B7%B9%EA%B8%B0%EB%A5%BC+%EB%B6%81%EA%B4%B4%EA%B8%B0%EB%A1%9C&rft.date=1965-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewslibrary.naver.com%2Fviewer%2Findex.nhn%3FarticleId%3D1965012700209203004%26editNo%3D2%26printCount%3D1%26publishDate%3D1965-01-27%26officeId%3D00020%26pageNo%3D3%26printNo%3D13311%26publishType%3D00020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Government_publications">Government publications</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Government publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChoe2018" class="citation book cs1">Choe, Yong Thae (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/a-grand-birth"><i>A Grand Birth</i></a>. Pyongyang: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Languages_Publishing_House_(North_Korea)" title="Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)">Foreign Languages Publishing House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1724-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1724-2"><bdi>978-9946-0-1724-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Grand+Birth&rft.place=Pyongyang&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Publishing+House&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-9946-0-1724-2&rft.aulast=Choe&rft.aufirst=Yong+Thae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fa-grand-birth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Intelligence_Agency2024" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-north/">"Korea, North"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. 24 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150812052526/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/kn.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Korea%2C+North&rft.date=2024-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fkorea-north%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOh2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Oh, Un Pyol (14 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rodong.rep.kp/ko/index.php?OEAyMDI0LTAxLTE0LU4wMThAMkBAQDFAMTg"><bdi lang="ko">람홍색국기아래서</bdi></a> [Under the Blue and Red National Flag]. <i><a href="/wiki/Rodong_Sinmun" title="Rodong Sinmun">Rodong Sinmun</a></i> (in Korean (North Korea))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rodong+Sinmun&rft.atitle=%EB%9E%8C%ED%99%8D%EC%83%89%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EC%95%84%EB%9E%98%EC%84%9C&rft.date=2024-01-14&rft.aulast=Oh&rft.aufirst=Un+Pyol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rodong.rep.kp%2Fko%2Findex.php%3FOEAyMDI0LTAxLTE0LU4wMThAMkBAQDFAMTg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSocialist_Constitution_of_the_DPRK2014" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030041832/http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?4+4047#.pdf"><i>Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Pyongyang: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Languages_Publishing_House_(North_Korea)" title="Foreign Languages Publishing House (North Korea)">Foreign Languages Publishing House</a>. 2014. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1099-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-9946-0-1099-1"><bdi>978-9946-0-1099-1</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?4+4047#.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Socialist+Constitution+of+the+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea&rft.place=Pyongyang&rft.pub=Foreign+Languages+Publishing+House&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9946-0-1099-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naenara.com.kp%2Fen%2Fbook%2Fdownload.php%3F4%2B4047%23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Flag_Law_of_the_DPRK2012" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawandnorthkorea.com/laws/national-flag-law-2012"><bdi lang="ko">국기법</bdi></a> [National Flag Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea]. <i>Law and North Korea</i>. Translated by Gang, Daye. 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Law+and+North+Korea&rft.atitle=%EA%B5%AD%EA%B8%B0%EB%B2%95&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawandnorthkorea.com%2Flaws%2Fnational-flag-law-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBusan_City_News2003" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.busan.go.kr/news/column/view?dataNo=9323"><bdi lang="ko">인공기</bdi></a> [Flag of the People's Republic]. <i>Busan City News</i> (in Korean). 19 July 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118190645/https://www.busan.go.kr/news/column/view?dataNo=9323">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Busan+City+News&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0&rft.date=2003-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.busan.go.kr%2Fnews%2Fcolumn%2Fview%3FdataNo%3D9323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumsugangsan2023" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/ko/periodic/mountain/20230430121417.pdf"><bdi lang="ko">태권도를 사랑합니다</bdi></a> [I love Taekwondo] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Kumsugangsan</i> (in Korean). No. 405. History of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240803051013/http://www.korean-books.com.kp/KBMbooks/ko/periodic/mountain/20230430121417.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 3 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kumsugangsan&rft.atitle=%ED%83%9C%EA%B6%8C%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%BC+%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%91%ED%95%A9%EB%8B%88%EB%8B%A4&rft.issue=405&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.korean-books.com.kp%2FKBMbooks%2Fko%2Fperiodic%2Fmountain%2F20230430121417.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhn2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script">Ahn, Sung-kyu (12 October 2012). <bdi lang="ko">인공기는 어떻게 만 들어졌나</bdi> [How the North Korean Flag was Created]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krpia.co.kr/product/main?plctId=PLCT00006986"><bdi lang="ko">바로 잡아야 할 우리 역사 37장면</bdi></a> [<i>37 Episodes of History which Need to Be Straightened Out</i>]. Seoul: Institute for Korean Historical Studies. pp. <span class="nowrap">241–</span>248. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240826013523/https://www.krpia.co.kr/product/main?plctId=PLCT00006986">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B3%B5%EA%B8%B0%EB%8A%94+%EC%96%B4%EB%96%BB%EA%B2%8C+%EB%A7%8C+%EB%93%A4%EC%96%B4%EC%A1%8C%EB%82%98&rft.btitle=%EB%B0%94%EB%A1%9C+%EC%9E%A1%EC%95%84%EC%95%BC+%ED%95%A0+%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC+%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC+37%EC%9E%A5%EB%A9%B4&rft.place=Seoul&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E248&rft.pub=Institute+for+Korean+Historical+Studies&rft.date=2012-10-12&rft.aulast=Ahn&rft.aufirst=Sung-kyu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.krpia.co.kr%2Fproduct%2Fmain%3FplctId%3DPLCT00006986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2014" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas, Dean (2014). "Flags and Emblems of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". <i>Raven: A Journal of Vexillology</i> (in Korean). <b>21</b>: <span class="nowrap">95–</span>115. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5840%2Fraven2014215">10.5840/raven2014215</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1071-0043">1071-0043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Raven%3A+A+Journal+of+Vexillology&rft.atitle=Flags+and+Emblems+of+the+Democratic+People%27s+Republic+of+Korea&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E95-%3C%2Fspan%3E115&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5840%2Fraven2014215&rft.issn=1071-0043&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Dean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlag+of+North+Korea" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_flag_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National flag of North Korea">National flag of North Korea</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Flag_of_North_Korea" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Flag of North Korea">Flag of North Korea</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotw.info/flags/kp.html">North Korea</a> at <a href="/wiki/Flags_of_the_World_(website)" title="Flags of the World (website)">Flags of the World</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:National_symbols_of_North_Korea" title="Template:National symbols of North Korea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_symbols_of_North_Korea" title="Template talk:National symbols of North Korea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_symbols_of_North_Korea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National symbols of North Korea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_symbols_of_North_Korea86" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_North_Korea" title="National symbols of North Korea">National symbols of North Korea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_North_Korea" title="Constitution of North Korea">Constitutional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_North_Korea" title="Emblem of North Korea">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegukka" title="Aegukka">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang">Pyongyang</a> (capital)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_sieboldii" title="Magnolia sieboldii">Magnolia sieboldii</a></i> (flower)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_goshawk" title="Northern goshawk">Northern goshawk</a> (bird)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">Pine</a> (tree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pungsan_dog" title="Pungsan dog">Pungsan</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a> (dish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanbok" title="Hanbok"><i>Choson-ot</i></a> (dress)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum">Ssirum</a></i> (sport)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche_Tower" title="Juche Tower"><i>Juche</i> Tower</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangyongdae" title="Mangyongdae">Mangyongdae</a> (monuments)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar"><i>Juche</i> calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_the_Foundation_of_the_Republic_(North_Korea)" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of the Foundation of the Republic (North Korea)">Foundation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cho_Ki-chon" title="Cho Ki-chon">Cho Ki-chon</a> (poet)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chollima" class="mw-redirect" title="Chollima">Chollima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean language</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_standard_language" title="North Korean standard language">Munhwaŏ</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_won" title="North Korean won">North Korean won</a> (currency)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Flags_of_Asia408" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia 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<li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Bhutan" title="Flag of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Brunei" title="Flag of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cambodia" title="Flag of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_China" title="Flag of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cyprus" title="Flag of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Egypt" title="Flag of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Flag of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_India" title="Flag of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Indonesia" title="Flag of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iran" title="Flag of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Iraq" title="Flag of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Israel" title="Flag of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Jordan" title="Flag of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kazakhstan" title="Flag of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Korea" title="Flag of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kuwait" title="Flag of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Flag of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Laos" title="Flag of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Lebanon" title="Flag of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Malaysia" title="Flag of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Maldives" title="Flag of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Mongolia" title="Flag of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Myanmar" title="Flag of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nepal" title="Flag of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Oman" title="Flag of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Pakistan" title="Flag of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Philippines" title="Flag of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Qatar" title="Flag of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Flag of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Singapore" title="Flag of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Flag of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Syria" title="Flag of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Tajikistan" title="Flag of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Thailand" title="Flag of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Timor-Leste" title="Flag of Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste (East Timor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkey" title="Flag of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Turkmenistan" title="Flag of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Flag of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Uzbekistan" title="Flag of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen" title="Flag of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Abkhazia" title="Flag of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Flag of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Christmas_Island" title="Flag of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Hong_Kong" title="Flag of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Macau" title="Flag of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" 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aria-labelledby="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms229" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_flags" title="Template:National flags"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_flags" title="Template talk:National flags"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_flags" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National flags"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_flags_and_coats_of_arms229" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">National flags</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_coat_of_arms" title="National coat of arms">coats of arms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National flags</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_flags_of_sovereign_states" title="List of national flags of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallery_of_flags_of_dependent_territories" title="Gallery of flags of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_national_flags" title="Timeline of national flags">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National coats of arms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_sovereign_states" title="Armorial of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_dependent_territories" title="Armorial of dependent territories">Dependent territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/14px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/22px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg/29px-Azure%2C_a_bend_Or.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Heraldry" title="Portal:Heraldry">Heraldry portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&oldid=1274717114">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag_of_North_Korea&oldid=1274717114</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_introduced_in_1948" title="Category:Flags introduced in 1948">Flags introduced in 1948</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_Asia" title="Category:Flags of Asia">Flags of Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_North_Korea" title="Category:Flags 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