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id="toc-Vatican_investigation_of_sexual_abuse_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vatican_investigation_of_sexual_abuse_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Vatican investigation of sexual abuse charges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vatican_investigation_of_sexual_abuse_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Views </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Views subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theology_and_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology_and_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Theology and worship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology_and_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ad_orientem_liturgy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ad_orientem_liturgy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Ad orientem liturgy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ad_orientem_liturgy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adam_and_Eve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adam_and_Eve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Adam and Eve </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adam_and_Eve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ordination_of_women_and_priestly_celibacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ordination_of_women_and_priestly_celibacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Ordination of women and priestly celibacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ordination_of_women_and_priestly_celibacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pope_Benedict_XVI" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope_Benedict_XVI"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Pope Benedict XVI </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope_Benedict_XVI-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pope_Francis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pope_Francis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Pope Francis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pope_Francis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Political issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asylum_seekers_and_refugees" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asylum_seekers_and_refugees"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Asylum seekers and refugees </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asylum_seekers_and_refugees-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Environmental positions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interfaith_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interfaith_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Interfaith issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interfaith_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.1 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6.2 Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality,_marriage_and_bioethics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality,_marriage_and_bioethics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Sexuality, marriage and bioethics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sexuality,_marriage_and_bioethics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Divorce_and_remarriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Divorce_and_remarriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.1 Divorce and remarriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Divorce_and_remarriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.2 LGBT issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-HIV/AIDS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#HIV/AIDS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.3 HIV/AIDS </div> </a> <ul id="toc-HIV/AIDS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stem_cell_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stem_cell_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7.4 Stem cell research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stem_cell_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Other roles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Handling_of_child_sexual_abuse_cases_by_clergy_while_archbishop" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Handling_of_child_sexual_abuse_cases_by_clergy_while_archbishop"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Handling of child sexual abuse cases by clergy while archbishop </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Handling_of_child_sexual_abuse_cases_by_clergy_while_archbishop-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Handling of child sexual abuse cases by clergy while archbishop subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Handling_of_child_sexual_abuse_cases_by_clergy_while_archbishop-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Melbourne_Response"_protocol_for_abuse_cases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Melbourne_Response"_protocol_for_abuse_cases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 "Melbourne Response" protocol for abuse cases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Melbourne_Response"_protocol_for_abuse_cases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_Victorian_parliamentary_inquiry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_Victorian_parliamentary_inquiry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 2013 Victorian parliamentary inquiry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_Victorian_parliamentary_inquiry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_historic_allegations_in_Sydney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_historic_allegations_in_Sydney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Response to historic allegations in Sydney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_historic_allegations_in_Sydney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comments_upholding_the_Seal_of_Confession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comments_upholding_the_Seal_of_Confession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Comments upholding the Seal of Confession </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comments_upholding_the_Seal_of_Confession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accusations_of_misconduct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accusations_of_misconduct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Accusations of misconduct </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accusations_of_misconduct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March_2014_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March_2014_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.3 March 2014 appearance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March_2014_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_appearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_appearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.4 2016 appearance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_appearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gerald_Ridsdale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gerald_Ridsdale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.5 Gerald Ridsdale </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gerald_Ridsdale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commission_conclusions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commission_conclusions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.6 Commission conclusions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commission_conclusions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allegations_of_child_sexual_abuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations_of_child_sexual_abuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Allegations of child sexual abuse </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allegations_of_child_sexual_abuse-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Allegations of child sexual abuse subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Allegations_of_child_sexual_abuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2002_allegation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002_allegation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 2002 allegation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002_allegation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victoria_Police_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victoria_Police_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Victoria Police investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victoria_Police_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trial,_conviction_and_acquittal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trial,_conviction_and_acquittal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Trial, conviction and acquittal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trial,_conviction_and_acquittal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Initial_charges_and_hearings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_charges_and_hearings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.1 Initial charges and hearings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Initial_charges_and_hearings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedral_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.2 Cathedral trial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Swimmers_trial:_prosecution_withdraws_its_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Swimmers_trial:_prosecution_withdraws_its_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.3 Swimmers trial: prosecution withdraws its case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Swimmers_trial:_prosecution_withdraws_its_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cathedral_trial_sentencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cathedral_trial_sentencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.4 Cathedral trial sentencing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cathedral_trial_sentencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breach_of_suppression_order_by_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breach_of_suppression_order_by_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3.5 Breach of suppression order by media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breach_of_suppression_order_by_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appeal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Appeal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquittal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquittal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Acquittal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquittal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_after_acquittal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_after_acquittal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Reactions after acquittal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactions_after_acquittal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_ABC's_Pell_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_ABC's_Pell_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.1 Criticism of ABC's Pell coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_ABC's_Pell_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_Victorian_criminal_justice_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_Victorian_criminal_justice_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.2 Criticism of Victorian criminal justice system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_Victorian_criminal_justice_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism_of_the_High_Court's_verdict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism_of_the_High_Court's_verdict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6.3 Criticism of the High Court's verdict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism_of_the_High_Court's_verdict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_charges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_charges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.7 Media charges </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_charges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022_legal_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_legal_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.8 2022 legal action </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_legal_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_Redress_Scheme_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Redress_Scheme_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.9 National Redress Scheme findings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Redress_Scheme_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distinctions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distinctions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Distinctions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Distinctions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Distinctions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Distinctions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Orders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Orders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Awards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">George Pell</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" > 30 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%BE%D9%84" title="جورج پل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جورج پل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%ED%8E%A0" title="조지 펠 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 펠" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgius_Pell" title="Georgius Pell – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Georgius Pell" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%86_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%84" title="چورچ پيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="چورچ پيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AB" title="ジョージ・ペル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・ペル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Пелл, Джордж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пелл, Джордж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜ் பெல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜ் பெல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Джордж Пелл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джордж Пелл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pell" title="George Pell – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="George Pell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·佩尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color: #FFA4A4;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">His Eminence</a></div> <div style="display:inline" class="fn">George Pell</div> <div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a></li> <li>Prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg/220px-Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg/330px-Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg/440px-Cardinal_George_Pell_in_2012_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="3376" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Pell in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Church</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointed</th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 2014</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Term ended</th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 2019</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Guerrero_Alves" title="Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves">Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Cardinal Priest of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Domenica_Mazzarello,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello, Rome">Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello</a> (2003‍–‍2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Previous post(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Scala" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Scala">Titular Bishop of Scala</a> (1987‍–‍1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne">Auxiliary Bishop of Melbourne</a> (1987‍–‍1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne">Archbishop of Melbourne</a> (1996‍–‍2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney">Archbishop of Sydney</a> (2001‍–‍2014)</li> <li>Member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Council of Cardinal Advisers</a> (2013‍–‍2018)</li> <li>Prefect of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a> (2014‍–‍2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Orders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordination</th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1966 by <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Pietro_Agagianian" title="Gregorio Pietro Agagianian">Gregorio Pietro Agagianian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consecration</th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1987 by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(bishop)" title="Frank Little (bishop)">Frank Little</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created cardinal</th><td class="infobox-data">21 October 2003 by <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal priest">Cardinal priest</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background-color:#DDDDDD;">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">(1941-06-08)8 June 1941 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, Victoria, Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 January 2023(2023-01-10) (aged 81) <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buried</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Sydney" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney">St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist" style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Melbourne" title="Corpus Christi College, Melbourne">Corpus Christi College, Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Urban_University" title="Pontifical Urban University">Pontifical Urban University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campion_Hall,_Oxford" title="Campion Hall, Oxford">Campion Hall, Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">Nolite timere (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Be not afraid')</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Pell's signature"><img alt="George Pell's signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg/130px-George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg/195px-George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg/260px-George_Pell%27s_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="159" data-file-height="41" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat of arms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="George Pell's coat of arms"><img alt="George Pell's coat of arms" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/50px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/75px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1212" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-weight:bold; background-color: #FFCF00 ;"> Ordination history</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:100%; padding-left:2em; background-color:#eee">History</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #333; border-top: 3px solid #333">Priestly ordination</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ordained by</th><td class="infobox-data">Gregorio Pietro Agagianian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">16 December 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>, Vatican City</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #800080; border-top: 3px solid #800080">Episcopal consecration</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal consecrator</th><td class="infobox-data">Frank Little (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne">Melbourne</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Co-consecrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mulkearns" title="Ronald Mulkearns">Ronald Mulkearns</a> (<a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ballarat" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat">Ballarat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_O%27Connell_(bishop)" title="Joseph O'Connell (bishop)">Joseph O'Connell</a> (Melbourne aux.)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 May 1987</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Melbourne" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne">St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#f2f2f2;"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #FF2400; border-top: 3px solid #FF2400">Cardinalate</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevated by</th><td class="infobox-data">Pope John Paul II</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">21 October 2003</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:100%; padding-left:2em; background-color:#eee">Episcopal succession</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="background:#f2f2f2; border-bottom: 3px solid #800080; border-top: 3px solid #800080">Bishops consecrated by George Pell as principal consecrator</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hart" title="Denis Hart">Denis Hart</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9 December 1997</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grech" title="Joseph Grech">Joseph Grech</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 February 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Toohey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Toohey (page does not exist)">Christopher Toohey</a> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Toohey" class="extiw" title="it:Christopher Toohey">it</a>]</th><td class="infobox-data">30 August 2001</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Porteous" title="Julian Porteous">Julian Porteous</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Fisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 2003</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Terence_Brady_(bishop)" title="Terence Brady (bishop)">Terence Brady</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 November 2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Michael_McKenna_(bishop)" title="Michael McKenna (bishop)">Michael McKenna</a></th><td class="infobox-data">26 June 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Comensoli" title="Peter Comensoli">Peter Comensoli</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8 June 2011</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/William_Wright_(Australian_bishop)" title="William Wright (Australian bishop)">William Wright</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 June 2011</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-weight: normal; background-color: #ffa4a4;">Styles of George Pell</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_George_Pell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1212" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(manner_of_address)" class="mw-redirect" title="Style (manner of address)">Reference style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">His Eminence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spoken style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/His_Eminence" class="mw-redirect" title="His Eminence">Your Eminence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Informal style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> George Pell <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a> (8 June 1941 – 10 January 2023) was an Australian <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>. He was made a cardinal in 2003. Pell served as the inaugural <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</a> between 2014 and 2019, and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Council of Cardinal Advisers</a> between 2013 and 2018. Ordained a priest in 1966 and bishop in 1987, he was made a cardinal in 2003. Pell served as the eighth <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney">Archbishop of Sydney</a> (2001–2014), the seventh <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Archbishop_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne">Archbishop of Melbourne</a> (1996–2001) and an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> (1987–1996). He was also an author and columnist. From 1996, Pell maintained a high public profile on a wide range of issues, while retaining an adherence to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic orthodoxy">Catholic orthodoxy</a>. Pell worked as a <a href="/wiki/Priest_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Priest (Catholic)">priest</a> in rural <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and in Melbourne and also chaired the aid organisation <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Australia" title="Caritas Australia">Caritas Australia</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas Internationalis</a>) from 1988 to 1997. He was appointed a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitutional_Convention_1998" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitutional Convention 1998">Australian Constitutional Convention in 1998</a>, received the <a href="/wiki/Centenary_Medal" title="Centenary Medal">Centenary Medal</a> from the Australian government in 2003 and was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">Companion of the Order of Australia</a> (AC) in the <a href="/wiki/2005_Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours_(Australia)" title="2005 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)">2005 Queen's Birthday Honours</a>.<a href="#cite_note-QB2005Gazette-1">[1]</a> During his tenure as Archbishop of Melbourne, Pell set up the "Melbourne Response" protocol in 1996 to investigate and deal with complaints of <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a> in the archdiocese.<a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Church_Victoria-2012-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> The protocol was the first of its kind in the world and was subjected to a variety of criticism.<a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Church_Victoria-2012-2">[2]</a> In 2018, Pell was convicted of child sexual abuse, but on <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a>, the convictions were <a href="/wiki/Quash" class="mw-redirect" title="Quash">quashed</a>, and Pell acquitted, in 2020 by the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a> in the decision <a href="/wiki/Pell_v_The_Queen" title="Pell v The Queen">Pell v The Queen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-posthumous_re_CSA-4">[4]</a> A separate investigation by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> into these allegations of abuse concluded upon his acquittal by the High Court.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> However, in January 2025 it was announced that the Australian National Redress Scheme had accepted that Pell abused two boys in Ballarat in the 1970s, with compensation paid to one of the boys in question five weeks prior to Pell's death.<a href="#cite_note-NRS-finding-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRS-finding-Guardian-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMH-redress-8">[8]</a> According to findings released by Australia's <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a> in 2020, Pell knew of child sexual abuse by clergy by the 1970s but did not take adequate action to address it. Pell said he was "surprised" and that the royal commission's findings "are not supported by evidence".<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_Pell-2020-9">[9]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> Pell was born on 8 June 1941 in <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, Victoria,<a href="#cite_note-Hillenbrand_Books-2005-10">[10]</a> to George Arthur and Margaret Lillian Pell (née Burke).<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a> His father was a non-practising <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> whose ancestors were from <a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a> in England; he was also a <a href="/wiki/Heavyweight" title="Heavyweight">heavyweight</a> boxing champion.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> His mother was a devout Catholic of Irish descent.<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>: 21  As a child, Pell underwent 24 operations to remove an <a href="/wiki/Abscess" title="Abscess">abscess</a> in his throat.<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>: 25  Pell attended <a href="/wiki/Loreto_College,_Ballarat" class="mw-redirect" title="Loreto College, Ballarat">Loreto Convent</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_College,_Ballarat" title="St Patrick's College, Ballarat">St Patrick's College</a> in Ballarat.<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a> At St Patrick's, he played <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Ruckman_(Australian_rules_football_position)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruckman (Australian rules football position)">ruckman</a> on the first XVIII from 1956 to 1959.<a href="#cite_note-Zwartz,_Barney-2003-15">[15]</a> He reportedly signed with the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Football_Club" title="Richmond Football Club">Richmond Football Club</a> in 1959. Pell's ambitions later turned to the priesthood. Speaking of his decision to enter seminary, Pell once said, "To put it crudely, I feared and suspected and eventually became convinced that God wanted me to do His work, and I was never able to successfully escape that conviction."<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>: 34  In 1960, Pell began his studies for the priesthood at <a href="/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Melbourne" title="Corpus Christi College, Melbourne">Corpus Christi College</a>, then located in <a href="/wiki/Werribee,_Victoria" title="Werribee, Victoria">Werribee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[a]</a> He continued to play football and served as class <a href="/wiki/Prefect" title="Prefect">prefect</a> in his second and third years.<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>: 41–42  In 1963, he was assigned to continue studies at the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Urban_University" title="Pontifical Urban University">Pontifical Urban University</a> in Rome.<a href="#cite_note-Zwartz,_Barney-2003-15">[15]</a> He was <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders" title="Holy orders">ordained</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Diaconate" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaconate">diaconate</a> on 15 August 1966.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_career">Ecclesiastical career</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Priesthood">Priesthood</h3></div> On 16 December 1966, Pell was ordained a priest by Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Pietro_Agagianian" title="Gregorio Pietro Agagianian">Gregorio Pietro Agagianian</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> at <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> He received a <a href="/wiki/Licentiate_of_Sacred_Theology" title="Licentiate of Sacred Theology">Licentiate of Sacred Theology</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/Pontificia_Universit%C3%A0_Urbaniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontificia Università Urbaniana">Pontificia Università Urbaniana</a> in 1967, and continued his studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree in <a href="/wiki/Church_history" title="Church history">church history</a> in 1971 with a thesis entitled "The exercise of authority in early Christianity from about 170 to about 270".<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> During his studies at Oxford he also served as a chaplain to Catholic students at <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton College</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> In 1971, Pell returned to Australia and was assigned to serve as an <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">assistant priest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swan_Hill,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Swan Hill, Victoria">Swan Hill</a>, where he remained for two years.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a> He then served at a parish in <a href="/wiki/Ballarat_East,_Victoria" title="Ballarat East, Victoria">Ballarat East</a> from 1973 to 1983, becoming administrator of the parish of Bungaree in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a> In 1982, he earned a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Education" title="Master of Education">Master of Education</a> degree from <a href="/wiki/Monash_University" title="Monash University">Monash University</a> in Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a> During his tenure in Ballarat East and Bungaree, he also served as <a href="/wiki/Vicar_general" title="Vicar general">Episcopal Vicar</a> for Education (1973–84), director of the Aquinas campus of the Institute of Catholic Education (1974–84) and principal of the Institute of Catholic Education (1981–84).<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hillenbrand_Books-2005-10">[10]</a> He was also editor of Light, the newspaper of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ballarat" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat">Diocese of Ballarat</a>, from 1979 to 1984.<a href="#cite_note-Miranda-11">[11]</a> From 1985 to 1987, Pell served as seminary <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">rector</a> of his alma mater, Corpus Christi College.<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diocesan_episcopal_career">Diocesan episcopal career</h3></div> Pell was appointed an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">auxiliary bishop</a> of Melbourne and <a href="/wiki/Titular_Bishop" class="mw-redirect" title="Titular Bishop">titular Bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Scala" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Scala">Roman Catholic Diocese of Scala</a> (Italy) on 30 March 1987. He received his <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholicism)">episcopal consecration</a> on 21 May 1987 from Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(bishop)" title="Frank Little (bishop)">Frank Little</a>, with bishops <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Mulkearns" title="Ronald Mulkearns">Ronald Mulkearns</a> and Joseph O'Connell serving as <a href="/wiki/Consecrator" title="Consecrator">co-consecrators</a>. He served as Bishop for the Southern Region of Melbourne (1987–96). During this time, he was a parish priest in <a href="/wiki/Mentone,_Victoria" title="Mentone, Victoria">Mentone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-14">[14]</a> Pell was named seventh <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Melbourne">Archbishop of Melbourne</a> on 16 July 1996, receiving the <a href="/wiki/Pallium" title="Pallium">pallium</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> on 29 June 1997. He was later appointed eighth <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney">Archbishop of Sydney</a> on 26 March 2001 and again received the pallium from John Paul on 29 June 2001.<a href="#cite_note-Holy_See_Press_Office-21">[20]</a> Pell was a consultor of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_Justice_and_Peace" title="Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace">Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace</a> from 1990 to 1995 and a member from 2002. From 1990 to 2000 he was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>. In April 2002, John Paul II named him President of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship_and_the_Discipline_of_the_Sacraments#Vox_Clara_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments">Vox Clara commission</a> to advise the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Divine_Worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Divine Worship">Congregation for Divine Worship</a> on English translations of liturgical texts.<a href="#cite_note-Holy_See_Press_Office-21">[20]</a> On 21 December 2002 he was appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Family" title="Pontifical Council for the Family">Pontifical Council for the Family</a>,<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> having previously served as a consultor to the council. On 22 September 2012, Pell was appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_Bishops" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for Bishops">Congregation for Bishops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> As Archbishop of Melbourne, Pell maintained a high public profile on a wide range of issues, while retaining a strict adherence to Catholic orthodoxy; with some dispute over the issue of Catholics and "primacy of conscience".<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> In 2001, he argued: "We must not allow the situation to deteriorate as it had in <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a>'s time, 850 years before Christ, where <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a> was nearly swamped by the aggressive paganism of the followers of <a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a>." In 2010, on reviewing the movie <a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a>, he wrote: "Worship of the powerful forces of nature is half right, a primitive stage in the movement towards acknowledging the one: the single Transcendent God, above and beyond nature. It is a symptom of our age that Hollywood is pumping out this old-fashioned <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a> propaganda."<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> Pope John Paul II announced on 28 September 2003 that he would appoint Pell and 28 others to the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College of Cardinals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Papal_consistory" title="Papal consistory">consistory</a> of 21 October he was made <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">cardinal priest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Domenica_Mazzarello,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello, Rome">Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> With Pell as cardinal, Australia had, for the first time, three cardinals eligible to participate in a <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave" title="Papal conclave">papal election</a>: Pell, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bede_Clancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Bede Clancy">Edward Bede Clancy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Idris_Cassidy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Idris Cassidy">Edward Idris Cassidy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> Pell was one of the <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_electors_in_Papal_conclave,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005">cardinal electors in 2005</a> who participated in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 2005">2005 papal conclave</a> that elected Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, who became <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>. He is reported to have served as an unauthorised "campaign manager" for Ratzinger.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zwartz-2005-32">[31]</a> Pell was mentioned as a possible successor to Benedict XVI as head of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zwartz-2005-32">[31]</a> Pell instituted new guidelines in February 2007 for family members speaking at funerals. He said that, "on not a few occasions, inappropriate remarks glossing over the deceased's proclivities (drinking prowess, romantic conquests etc) or about the church (attacking its moral teachings) have been made at funeral Masses." Under Pell's guidelines, the eulogy must never replace the celebrant's <a href="/wiki/Homily" title="Homily">homily</a>, which should focus on the scripture readings selected, God's compassion, and the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">resurrection of Jesus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg/220px-Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg/330px-Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/Cardinal_George_Pell_b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Pell in Rome in 2007</figcaption></figure> Pell lobbied for the successful Sydney bid to host the <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day_2008" title="World Youth Day 2008">2008 World Youth Day</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> which brought Benedict XVI on his first papal visit to Australia.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> The event drew approximately half a million young people from 200 countries, and one million people came to see the Pope. On 19 July 2008, Benedict issued his first public apology to victims of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> In their 2010 <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> sermons, both Pell and his <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> counterpart Archbishop <a href="/wiki/Peter_Jensen_(bishop)" title="Peter Jensen (bishop)">Peter Jensen</a> attacked <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Both men were also closely aligned on policy issues<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> and Jensen launched Pell's biography.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> On 18 September 2012, Pell was named by Benedict XVI to be one of the papally appointed Synod Fathers for the October 2012 Ordinary General Assembly of the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Synod of Bishops (Catholic)">Synod of Bishops</a> on the New Evangelization.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Pell was the only cardinal from Oceania to take part in the <a href="/wiki/Papal_conclave,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal conclave, 2013">2013 papal conclave</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> At that conclave, he was thought to be organising votes on behalf of Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Scola" title="Angelo Scola">Angelo Scola</a> of Milan, the favourite candidate of the Italian cardinals.<a href="#cite_note-Kelly-2019-43">[42]</a> Following his election, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> named Pell, the only non-retired cardinal available to represent Oceania,<a href="#cite_note-Kelly-2019-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> one of <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">eight members</a> to advise the Pope on reform of the Vatican bureaucracy, called the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a>; they were appointed to five-year terms.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretariat_for_the_Economy">Secretariat for the Economy</h3></div> In February 2014, Pell was appointed to be the first <a href="/wiki/Pro-prefect" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-prefect">prefect</a> of the newly created <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy_(Holy_See)" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretariat for the Economy (Holy See)">Secretariat for the Economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-news.va-47">[46]</a> In this role, Pell was responsible for the annual budget of the Holy See and the Vatican.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-48">[47]</a> In July 2014 Pell, with the consent of Pope Francis, had the Ordinary Section of <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Patrimony_of_the_Apostolic_See" title="Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See">Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See</a> (APSA) transferred to the Secretariat for the Economy to enable the Secretariat to exercise economic control and vigilance over the agencies of the Holy See. It was also announced that remaining staff of APSA would begin to focus exclusively on its role as a treasury for the Holy See and the Vatican City State.<a href="#cite_note-Holy_See_Press_Office-2014-49">[48]</a> Following the confirmation of the mission of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_the_Works_of_Religion" title="Institute for the Works of Religion">Institute for the Works of Religion</a> (IOR – also known as the Vatican Bank) by the Pope on 7 April 2014, the IOR announced plans for the next stage of development. The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Council of Cardinal Advisers</a>, the Secretariat for the Economy, the Supervisory Commission of Cardinals, and the IOR Board of Superintendence agreed that this plan would be carried out by a new executive team led by Jean-Baptiste de Franssu.<a href="#cite_note-Holy_See_Press_Office-2014-49">[48]</a> Pell was appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples" title="Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples">Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples</a> on 13 September 2014.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In November 2014, the Secretariat for the Economy distributed a new handbook to all Vatican offices outlining financial management policies that would go into effect on 1 January 2015. The manual was endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for the Economy">Council for the Economy</a> and approved by the Pope. "The purpose of the manual is very simple," said Pell, "it brings Financial Management practices in line with international standards and will help all Entities and Administrations of the Holy See and the Vatican City State prepare financial reports in a consistent and transparent manner."<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In 2015, Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Coccopalmerio" title="Francesco Coccopalmerio">Francesco Coccopalmerio</a> questioned the scope of the authority given to the Secretariat and to Pell himself, specifically the consolidation of management and not the demand for transparency.<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> On 12 December 2018, the Vatican announced that Pell was one of three "more elderly" cardinals who were to leave the Pope's <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Council of Cardinal Advisers</a> after a five-year term. The three were also thanked by the Pope for their service.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> On 24 February 2019, his five-year term as Prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy expired.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vatican_investigation_of_sexual_abuse_charges">Vatican investigation of sexual abuse charges</h3></div> Immediately following Pell's initial conviction for sexual abuse in February 2019, the Holy See's <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith">Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</a> (CDF) initiated its own investigation of the charges against him,<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[b]</a> but the Vatican also said the CDF would await a "definitive judgment" from the Australian courts in the case. The Pope reaffirmed at that time that Pell was "forbidden to exercise public ministry and ... from having contact in any way or form with minors", restrictions that had been in place since Pell's return to Australia in July 2017.<a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a> When Pell's conviction was upheld in August 2019, the Vatican again said its review would wait for Pell to exhaust his appeals.<a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a> When Pell's convictions were quashed in April 2020, a Vatican spokesperson said that ruling would contribute to the CDF's investigation which would "draw its conclusions on the basis of the norms of canon law".<a href="#cite_note-Crux-61">[59]</a> The CDF's investigations concluded upon Pell's acquittal by the High Court.<a href="#cite_note-ND.nl-62">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3></div> In January 2010, Pell experienced <a href="/wiki/Cardiac" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac">cardiac</a> problems during his Vatican visit, and in February had a <a href="/wiki/Pacemaker" title="Pacemaker">pacemaker</a> fitted in a Rome hospital.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a> In 2015, Pell's doctors judged his heart condition serious enough to prevent air travel from Italy to Australia to appear before the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a>. He was expected to be well enough to travel in February 2016.<a href="#cite_note-64">[62]</a> However, he was excused from giving evidence in person by commission chair Justice <a href="/wiki/Peter_McClellan" title="Peter McClellan">Peter McClellan</a>, based on a two-page medical report submitted by Pell's lawyers.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a> He testified from a hotel in Rome through a video link up.<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_George_Pell_tells_child_sexual_abuse_royal_commission_Catholic_Church_made-2016-66">[64]</a> In December 2018, he underwent knee surgery.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a> He recovered sufficiently to stop using a cane by June 2019.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a> In February 2019, when he was taken into custody following his conviction, an assessment of his mental and physical health concluded he was healthy enough to be kept in <a href="/wiki/HM_Melbourne_Assessment_Prison" title="HM Melbourne Assessment Prison">HM Melbourne Assessment Prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a> On 10 January 2023, at the age of 81, Pell died of cardiac arrest following hip surgery at the Salvator Mundi hospital in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, having attended the <a href="/wiki/Funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Funeral of Pope Benedict XVI">funeral of Pope Benedict XVI</a> a few days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-abc.2023.01.11-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-smh.2023.01.11-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen-2023-72">[70]</a> For the last two years and three months of his life, Pell lived in Rome, taking up residency in an apartment one block away from the Vatican.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> His body <a href="/wiki/Lying_in_state" title="Lying in state">lay in state</a> at the Church of <a href="/wiki/St_Stephen_of_the_Abyssinians" title="St Stephen of the Abyssinians">St Stephen of the Abyssinians</a> before a Requiem Mass at <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a> on 14 January, which was celebrated by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Re" title="Giovanni Battista Re">Giovanni Battista Re</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_College_of_Cardinals" title="Dean of the College of Cardinals">Dean of the College of Cardinals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concelebration" title="Concelebration">concelebrated</a> by other cardinals and bishops,<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> with the final blessing and commendation given by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Pell's Funeral Mass was celebrated at St Mary's Cathedral in Sydney on 1 February during a closed service which was held amid protest concerns.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> He was buried in the cathedral's crypt.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen-2023-72">[70]</a> Leading public figures who attended the funeral service included former prime ministers <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a>, and federal opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Peter Dutton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> However, other leading public figures did not attend: Governor-General <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a>, NSW Governor <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beazley" title="Margaret Beazley">Margaret Beazley</a>, NSW Premier <a href="/wiki/Dominic_Perrottet" title="Dominic Perrottet">Dominic Perrottet</a>, NSW opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Chris_Minns" title="Chris Minns">Chris Minns</a> and Lord Mayor of Sydney <a href="/wiki/Clover_Moore" title="Clover Moore">Clover Moore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC-84">[82]</a> LGBT groups, survivors of child sexual abuse and their supporters protested in <a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Sydney" title="Hyde Park, Sydney">Hyde Park</a>, opposite the cathedral.<a href="#cite_note-ABC-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2></div> In the Australian context, Pell was regarded as progressive on some issues such as <a href="/wiki/Asylum_seekers_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Asylum seekers in Australia">asylum seekers</a> but strongly conservative on matters of faith and morals.<a href="#cite_note-thesydneyinstitute.com.au-85">[83]</a> He was often wary of what he called the "callousness" of unrestrained <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>. He wrote that a Catholic is someone who is not only a person of personal conscience but "is someone who believes Christ is Son of God, accepts His teachings and lives a life of worship, service and duty in the community. Catholics are not created by the accident of birth to remain only because their tribe has an interesting history."<a href="#cite_note-Pell-2007-86">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology_and_worship">Theology and worship</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ad_orientem_liturgy">Ad orientem liturgy</h4></div> In 2009 Pell supported, in the abstract but not as a proposal for immediate application, mandatory celebration of the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> with the orientation of the priest <a href="/wiki/Ad_orientem" title="Ad orientem">ad orientem</a> (towards the east), facing in the same direction as the congregation. "There's nothing like a consensus in favour of that at the moment", he said. "I think I would be in favour of it because it makes it patently clear that the priest is not the centre of the show, that this is an act of worship of the one true God, and the people are joining with the priest for that."<a href="#cite_note-herald-87">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Adam_and_Eve">Adam and Eve</h4></div> During a debate against <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> on the television show <a href="/wiki/Q%2BA_(Australian_talk_show)" title="Q+A (Australian talk show)">Q&A</a> in 2012, in response to whether there had ever been a <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a> scenario with an "actual" <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>, Pell said:<a href="#cite_note-qanda-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">Adam and Eve are terms – what do they mean: life and earth. It's like every man. That's a beautiful, sophisticated, mythological account. It's not science but it's there to tell us two or three things. First of all that God created the world and the universe. Secondly, that the key to the whole of universe, the really significant thing, are humans and, thirdly, it is a very sophisticated mythology to try to explain the evil and suffering in the world.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ordination_of_women_and_priestly_celibacy">Ordination of women and priestly celibacy</h4></div> In 2005 Pell supported the view that the <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">ordination of women</a> as priests is impossible according to the church's divine constitution and said that abandoning the tradition of <a href="/wiki/Clerical_celibacy_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church">clerical celibacy</a> would be a "serious blunder".<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pope_Benedict_XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</h3></div> Pell said that the decision of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> to retire in 2013 could set a precedent which may be a problem for future leaders. He thought Benedict's decision to step down had destabilised the church and some of those surrounding the Pope had failed to support him in his ministry. "He was well aware that this is a break with tradition [and] slightly destabilising", Pell said. According to him, the Pope was a better theologian than he was a leader.<a href="#cite_note-Gearin,_Mary-2013-91">[89]</a> In response to the statement that he had criticised Benedict XVI, Pell said he was stating what the Pope already mentioned himself, and his comments were "not breaking any ground".<a href="#cite_note-Gearin,_Mary-2013-91">[89]</a> During a youth conference in Parramatta, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Fisher</a> said that Pell was merely "stating the pros and cons of the Pope's decision" and those who said his comments were critical were taking him out of context.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pope_Francis">Pope Francis</h3></div> In the days following his death, it was revealed that Pell had been the author of a memo published in 2022 on the blog Settimo Cielo under the pseudonym of "Demos", in which Pell expressed harsh criticisms of Pope Francis and labelled his pontificate as "a disaster in many or most respects; a catastrophe". Pell accused Francis of failing to stand up to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a>, of failing to lend sufficient support to Ukraine and the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a> and for not doing enough to stop the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Germany" title="Catholic Church in Germany">Catholic Church in Germany</a> from questioning traditional doctrines on LGBT issues and <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ordination of women and the Catholic Church">women's ordination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> The person who had revealed Demos' identity, <a href="/wiki/Sandro_Magister" title="Sandro Magister">Sandro Magister</a>, who was also the memo's publisher, said that Pell had allowed him to reveal he was Demos after his death.<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> In an article he wrote for <a href="/wiki/The_Spectator" title="The Spectator">The Spectator</a>, published shortly after his death, Pell described <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Ordinary_General_Assembly_of_the_Synod_of_Bishops" title="Sixteenth Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops">Pope Francis' Synod on the Synod</a> as a "toxic nightmare".<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_issues">Political issues</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asylum_seekers_and_refugees">Asylum seekers and refugees</h4></div> Pell criticised the bipartisan policy of mandatory detention of <a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">asylum seekers in Australia</a> and called for "empathy and compassion" towards displaced peoples.<a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> Pell said that while a policy of deterrence was justifiable, the practice of the policy was coming at too great a "moral cost".<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> Describing conditions in some of Australia's mandatory detention camps in 2001 as "pretty tight and miserable" and "no place for women and children", Pell called for investigation of any maltreatment of detainees and said that, while Australia has the right to regulate the number of refugees it accepts, as a rich and prosperous country, it can "afford to be generous" and must treat humanely those refugees who reach Australia.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_positions">Environmental positions</h3></div> In a 2006 speech, Pell said that "hysterical and extreme claims" about the natural environment were the result of the "<a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a> emptiness" of Western culture. He said: "In the past pagans <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">sacrificed animals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_sacrifice" title="Human sacrifice">even humans</a> in vain attempts to placate capricious and cruel gods. Today they demand a reduction in <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emissions">carbon dioxide emissions</a>."<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> In a 2007 article for the Sydney <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph_(Sydney)" title="The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)">Sunday Telegraph</a>, Pell wrote that while climate had changed, he was "certainly sceptical about extravagant claims of impending <a href="/wiki/Manmade_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Manmade climate change">man-made climatic catastrophes</a>, because the evidence is insufficient".<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Responding to the Anglican bishop and environmentalist <a href="/wiki/George_Browning_(bishop)" title="George Browning (bishop)">George Browning</a>, who told the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglican Church of Australia</a>'s general synod that Pell was out of touch with the Catholic Church as well as with the general community,<a href="#cite_note-Rowbotham-103">[101]</a> Pell stated:<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Radical environmentalists are more than up to the task of moralising their own agenda and imposing it on people through fear. They don't need church leaders to help them with this, although it is a very effective way of further muting Christian witness. Church leaders in particular should be allergic to nonsense ... I am certainly sceptical about extravagant claims of impending man-made climatic catastrophes. Uncertainties on climate change abound ... my task as a Christian leader is to engage with reality, to contribute to debate on important issues, to open people's minds, and to point out when the emperor is wearing few or no clothes.</blockquote> In July 2015, Pell criticised Pope Francis's <a href="/wiki/Encyclical" title="Encyclical">encyclical</a> <a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27" title="Laudato si'">Laudato si'</a> for associating the church with the need to address climate. Pell said:<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">It's got many, many interesting elements. There are parts of it which are beautiful. But the church has no particular expertise in science ... the church has got no mandate from the Lord to pronounce on scientific matters. We believe in the autonomy of science.</blockquote> Pell publicly expressed concern regarding population decline in July 2008 in a homily for the opening Mass of the <a href="/wiki/World_Youth_Day" title="World Youth Day">World Youth Day</a> in Sydney, in response to comments made by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> regarding climate change. While travelling to Sydney for the event, Benedict stated in a brief interview that Catholics and others must commit "to finding an ethical way to change our way of life and ways to respond to these great challenges" regarding climate change. Pell stated in his homily that mankind has a duty not "to damage and destroy or ruthlessly use the environment at the expense of future generations", but expressed scepticism regarding human activity causing climate change.<a href="#cite_note-Morris-2008-106">[104]</a> Pell stated that the "slowing population growth and apathy towards God are the biggest challenges facing the church" and that Western nations faced a population crisis fuelled by "ruthless commercial forces", such that "No western country is producing enough babies to keep the population stable, no western country."<a href="#cite_note-Morris-2008-106">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economist_condemns_Pell-2008-107">[105]</a> Pell's views were contested in the Australian context by the environmental group <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Population_Australia" title="Sustainable Population Australia">Sustainable Population Australia</a>, whose media release of 14 July 2008 cited Australian Bureau of Statistics figures that Australia had "a population growth rate of 1.6%, higher than the global average, with twice as many births as deaths...".<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> Pell's views were contested in a global context by the economist <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs" title="Jeffrey Sachs">Jeffrey Sachs</a>, who argued that "The planet, everyone can feel, is just right at the limits right now in terms of food, in terms of energy supply, in terms of land use." Sachs also suggested that world population projections "are already too high at around an extra 2.5 billion people by 2050".<a href="#cite_note-Economist_condemns_Pell-2008-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interfaith_issues">Interfaith issues</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Islam">Islam</h4></div> Pell wrote of a need to "deepen friendship and understanding" with <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> in the post–<a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11</a> environment and said that though there is a continuing struggle throughout the Muslim world between moderates and men of violence, he believed that, in Australia, "the moderates are in control".<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> In 2004, speaking to the <a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a> on the problems of "secular democracy", Pell drew a parallel between <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a>: "Islam may provide in the 21st century, the attraction that communism provided in the 20th, both for those that are alienated and embittered on the one hand and for those who seek order or justice on the other."<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> In February 2006, addressing Catholic business leaders in <a href="/wiki/Naples,_Florida" title="Naples, Florida">Naples, Florida</a>, Pell stated: "Considered strictly on its own terms, Islam is not a tolerant religion and its capacity for far-reaching renovation is severely limited."<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> He doubted that Islam possesses the capacity for theological development because "In the Muslim understanding, the Koran comes directly from God, unmediated. The Bible, in contrast, is a product of human co-operation with divine inspiration."<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> In 2012 and 2013, Pell hosted <a href="/wiki/Iftar" title="Iftar">Iftar</a> dinners to mark the end of the Islamic celebration of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> The Grand Mufti of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Abu_Mohamed" title="Ibrahim Abu Mohamed">Ibrahim Abu Mohamed</a>, expressed his gratitude and appreciation to Pell on behalf of Muslims for hosting the dinner.<a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-2012-115">[113]</a> Pell said during the 2012 dinner that such gatherings are one of the fruits of tolerance that flourishes in Australian society and is a sign of respect for diversity, stating:<a href="#cite_note-Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney-2012-115">[113]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">We are all called to be instruments of peace and harmony among aggressors and those who practice terrorism although we worship the one God in different ways... We gather united in our plans for respect and friendship.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Judaism">Judaism</h4></div> Pell participated in <a href="/wiki/Interfaith_dialogue" title="Interfaith dialogue">interfaith dialogues</a> and celebrations involving Jews. In 2001, he told one such audience at <a href="/wiki/Mandelbaum_House" title="Mandelbaum House">Mandelbaum House</a> in Sydney that he had come from a strongly pro-Jewish family and of being saddened during his studies of history to find Christian ill-treatment of Jews. Pell spoke of the need to remember the Holocaust and of his visits to concentration camps and of his support for the right of the state of Israel to exist. He praised the role of Vatican II and of Pope John Paul II in advancing the cause of Christian-Jewish dialogue and co-operation. Pell also spoke in praise of the Jewish <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> as "a body of prayerful literature" unequalled in any other tradition and singled out the Jewish prophets, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> as authors for whom he has a deep love, and <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> as one whom he views as highly significant. Pell called on Christian and Jewish leaders alike to speak together and respectfully listen to each other, saying of the Christian-Jewish relationship:<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">During the last 30 or 40 years there has been a significant reduction in the amount of Christian anti-Semitism. We thank God for that. To adapt to our circumstances the word of Martin Luther King "we are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality. Whatever affects one directly affects all indirectly". Our fortunes, as brothers, are inextricably linked.</blockquote> Pell's remarks to Richard Dawkins[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] led to a clarification from his office, reported by <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a> as an apology.<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_Israel-2012-117">[115]</a> Pell said, "My commitment to friendship with the Jewish community, and my esteem for the Jewish faith is a matter of public record, and the last thing I would want to do is give offence to either" and that the Holocaust was "a crime unique in history for the death and suffering it caused and its diabolical attempt to wipe out an entire people."<a href="#cite_note-The_Times_of_Israel-2012-117">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sexuality,_marriage_and_bioethics">Sexuality, marriage and bioethics</h3></div> Pell received much attention for his attitudes to sexuality issues, particularly homosexuality. When installed as Archbishop of Sydney in May 2001, he said that "Christian teaching on sexuality is only one part of the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a>, of the virtues and vices, but it is essential for human wellbeing and especially for the proper flourishing of marriages and families, for the continuity of the human race."<a href="#cite_note-installed-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Divorce_and_remarriage">Divorce and remarriage</h4></div> Pell said that, outside exceptional circumstances such as relationships involving physical abuse, it is better for individuals and for society if couples do not divorce, particularly where children are involved.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/ABC_NewsRadio" title="ABC NewsRadio">ABC radio</a>'s The World Today reported that Pell wanted a return to a divorce system based on the fault of one spouse. Pell told the program that, in an effort to "focus attention on the damage, personal and financial, that unfortunately often follows from divorce", he had prepared a list for public consideration of possible penalties to discourage divorce (particularly where fault by one party was involved) as well as benefits to support couples who stayed together.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="LGBT_issues">LGBT issues</h4></div> In 1990, Pell stated publicly that while he recognised that homosexuality existed, such activity was nevertheless wrong and "for the good of society it should not be encouraged."<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> He had also expressed his belief that <a href="/wiki/Suicide_among_LGBT_youth" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide among LGBT youth">suicide rates among LGBT youth</a> were a reason to discourage homosexuality, arguing that "Homosexual activity is a much greater health hazard than smoking."<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> In 1998, Pell refused communion to members of the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Sash_Movement" title="Rainbow Sash Movement">Rainbow Sash Movement</a> who had attended Mass at the cathedral in Melbourne. He publicly rebuked their actions to the applause of other parishioners.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> Pell opposed Australian legislation in 2006 that would have permitted LGBT couples to adopt children. In 2007, he said that discrimination against LGBT people was not comparable to that against racial minorities.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religion_and_AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and AIDS">Religion and AIDS</a></div> In 2009, Pell supported the comments made by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> in Africa in relation to controlling the spread of AIDS, in which the Pope reiterated the Catholic teaching that the solution to the AIDS epidemic lay not in the distribution of condoms, but in the practice of sexual abstinence and monogamy within marriage. The Pope said that AIDS could not be overcome through the distribution of condoms, which "can even increase the problem". In response to global coverage of these remarks, Pell said that AIDS was a "great spiritual and health crisis" and a huge challenge, but that "Condoms are encouraging promiscuity. They are encouraging irresponsibility."<a href="#cite_note-Aust-condom-126">[124]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">The idea that you can solve a great spiritual and health crisis like AIDS with a few mechanical contraptions like condoms is ridiculous. If you look at the Philippines you'll see the incidence of AIDS is much lower than it is in Thailand, which is awash with condoms. There are condoms everywhere and the rate of infection is enormous.</blockquote> The president of the AIDS Council of New South Wales, Marc Orr, said Pell's comments were "irresponsible" and "contradicted all evidence" that condoms reduced the transmission of HIV:<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> Mike Toole (<a href="/wiki/Burnet_Institute" title="Burnet Institute">Burnet Institute</a>) and Rob Moodie (Nossal Institute for Global Health) wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a> that Pell had said a health worker from an African country told him that "people in remote areas are too poor to afford condoms and the ones that are available are often of very poor quality and weren't used effectively". Both professors argue that "this is not an argument against promoting condoms – it is an argument that we need to ensure that good quality condoms are affordable for everyone and are widely distributed with information about how to use them effectively" and concluded "the sexual abstinence message is clearly not working."<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> In 2010, Benedict told an interviewer that while the church did not consider condoms as a "real or moral solution", there were times where the "intention of reducing the risk of infection" made condom use "a first step" towards a better way. Pell released a statement saying this did not signal a major new shift in Vatican thinking.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stem_cell_research">Stem cell research</h4></div> Pell supported research on the therapeutic potential of <a href="/wiki/Adult_stem_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Adult stem cells">adult stem cells</a> but opposed <a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell" title="Embryonic stem cell">embryonic stem cell</a> research on the basis that the Catholic Church cannot support anything which involves "the destruction of human life at any stage after conception". Under Pell, the Sydney archdiocese has provided funding for adult stem cell research but has actively opposed moves by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_New_South_Wales" title="Parliament of New South Wales">Parliament of New South Wales</a> to liberalise laws pertaining to use of embryonic stem cells.<a href="#cite_note-Pell-2007-86">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Following a <a href="/wiki/Conscience_vote" title="Conscience vote">conscience vote</a> in the Parliament of New South Wales overturning a ban on <a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_cloning" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapeutic cloning">therapeutic cloning</a>, in June 2007 Pell said that "Catholic politicians who vote for this legislation must realise that their voting has consequences for their place in the life of the Church."<a href="#cite_note-Kaveny-2016-131">[129]</a>: 133 <a href="#cite_note-The_Sydney_Morning_Herald-2007-132">[130]</a> Some members of parliament, including ministers such as <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Keneally" title="Kristina Keneally">Kristina Keneally</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Rees" title="Nathan Rees">Nathan Rees</a>, condemned Pell's comments, calling them hypocritical; Rees drew comparisons with comments made earlier in the year by <a href="/wiki/Taj_El-Din_Hilaly" title="Taj El-Din Hilaly">Sheik Hilali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Sydney_Morning_Herald-2007-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australian Greens</a> MLC <a href="/wiki/Lee_Rhiannon" title="Lee Rhiannon">Lee Rhiannon</a> referred Pell's remarks to the New South Wales <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_privilege" title="Parliamentary privilege">parliamentary privileges</a> committee for allegedly being in <a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Parliament#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Contempt of Parliament">contempt of parliament</a>. Pell described this move as a "clumsy attempt to curb religious freedom and freedom of speech".<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a> In September the committee tabled a report clearing him of this charge and recommending that no further action be taken.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> The legal scholar and theologian <a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Kaveny" title="Cathleen Kaveny">Cathleen Kaveny</a> wrote that "In every possible respect, Pell's statement backfired" as, following backlash from elected officials and the general public, the bill passed the lower house with what she describes as "an overwhelming 65–26 vote" and passed the upper house with a 27–13 vote.<a href="#cite_note-Kaveny-2016-131">[129]</a>: 133–134  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_roles">Other roles</h2></div> The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Sydney takes the role of <a href="/wiki/Visitor" title="Visitor">visitor</a> of <a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_College,_University_of_Sydney" title="St John's College, University of Sydney">St John's College</a>, a residential college within the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> Pell accepted the invitation to be patron of the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Newman_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University Newman Society">Oxford University Newman Society</a> and to deliver their inaugural St Thomas More Lecture on 6 March 2009.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handling_of_child_sexual_abuse_cases_by_clergy_while_archbishop">Handling of child sexual abuse cases by clergy while archbishop</h2></div> Pell's tenure as Archbishop of Melbourne began when the issue of handling of child sex abuse allegations by institutions was coming to the fore in public debate. Launching the "Melbourne Response" protocol in 1996, Pell said: "It's a matter of regret that the Catholic Church has taken some time to come to grips with the sex abuse issue adequately."<a href="#cite_note-George_Pell-2017-138">[136]</a> In his final sermon as Archbishop of Sydney in 2014 before departing Australia for Rome, Pell told the congregation: "I apologise once again to the victims and their families for the terrible suffering that has been brought to bear by these crimes." He said procedural improvements could still be made to the church's efforts against child sexual abuse, and then added that he "looked forward" to the findings of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse which he said was providing a "public service" in allowing victims to air their experiences. His choice of words drew wide criticism as they were perceived as being inappropriately blithe and unempathetic to the victims of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Melbourne_Response"_protocol_for_abuse_cases">"Melbourne Response" protocol for abuse cases</h3></div> Shortly after becoming Archbishop of Melbourne in August 1996, Pell discussed the issue of child abuse with the Victorian premier as well as the governor and the retired judge Richard McGarvie, who all recommended swift action.<a href="#cite_note-Tobin-2014-140">[138]</a> He engaged the law firm Corrs to draft a scheme which would be funded by but operate independently of the Archdiocese of Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a>: 29–30  A public forum was held on 19 October and the resulting "Melbourne Response" was announced on 30 October 1996.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a>: 30–31 <a href="#cite_note-SBS_News-2017-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a>: 29, 31  Victims were publicly encouraged to come forward. Pell's Melbourne-specific policy preceded the national church response, known as "Towards Healing", which the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference approved in November and took effect in March 1997.<a href="#cite_note-Tobin-2014-140">[138]</a> When Pell was appointed a cardinal in 2003, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> said that he had established Australia's first independent commissioner to handle child sexual abuse complaints against clergy.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-2003-143">[141]</a> The Melbourne Response was the subject of Case Study 16 in the 2013–2017 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse and was also examined in the 2013 Victorian government Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and Other Organisations. Pell was called to testify at both inquiries.<a href="#cite_note-SBS_News-2017-142">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a> In 2017, the royal commission reported that the Melbourne Response was "widely criticised as being legalistic and offering inadequate support to victims".<a href="#cite_note-George_Pell-2017-138">[136]</a> According to the royal commission, the Melbourne Response set its goals as "truth, humility, healing for the victims, assistance to other persons affected, an adequate response to those accused and to offenders and the prevention of any such offences in the future".<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a>: 32  Its key features were the appointment of independent commissioners to inquire into allegations and make recommendations; a counselling and support service (Carelink); and the establishment of a compensation panel to advise on making <a href="/wiki/Ex-gratia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-gratia">ex-gratia</a> payments to victims of child sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a> The payments are made without the church recognising any liability to victims and were initially capped at $50,000.<a href="#cite_note-George_Pell-2017-138">[136]</a> It was increased to $55,000 in 2000 and to $75,000 in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a> Peter O'Callaghan was appointed the first independent commissioner. He went on to investigate 351 complaints of child sexual abuse and upheld 97% of them.<a href="#cite_note-Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse-2015-141">[139]</a>: 6  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_Victorian_parliamentary_inquiry">2013 Victorian parliamentary inquiry</h3></div> On 27 May 2013, Pell gave evidence before <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>'s Parliamentary Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and Other Organisations.<a href="#cite_note-Age-Victoria-Inquiry-144">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Pell told the inquiry that he was "fully apologetic and absolutely sorry". The parliamentarians questioned Pell over allegations from the parents of a victim that he had not shown them empathy. Pell said he had in fact fully understood the suffering. He agreed with the inquiry that his predecessor had "covered up" matters for fear of scandal. Pell was heckled from the gallery.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Pell critic David Marr wrote that "He [Pell] admitted his church had covered up child sexual abuse for fear of scandal; that his predecessor Archbishop Little had destroyed records, moved paedophile priests from parish to parish and facilitated appalling crimes."<a href="#cite_note-Victoria-Inquiry-Marr-147">[145]</a> During the course of the inquiry, a victim of a paedophile Christian Brother at St Alipius Primary School said that in 1969 Pell heard him pleading for help a few weeks after he had been raped. Pell denied the statement, which was later discredited when Pell produced his passport to confirm that he was not living in Australia that year.<a href="#cite_note-couriermail.com.au-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_historic_allegations_in_Sydney">Response to historic allegations in Sydney</h3></div> During Pell's time as Archbishop of Sydney, allegations of child sexual abuse were made against around 55 priests in the archdiocese. These were largely related to incidents that occurred prior to his arrival as archbishop. The allegations resulted in just under $8 million in reparation payments.<a href="#cite_note-Benns-2014-149">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</h3></div> In late 2012, the Australian federal government established a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a>. Pell welcomed the inquiry and said "We think this is an opportunity to help the victims, it's an opportunity to clear the air and separate fact from fiction." He said there had been a persistent "press campaign against the Catholic Church".<a href="#cite_note-News.com.au-2012-150">[148]</a> The commission conducted hearings between 2013 and 2017. Pell gave evidence on three occasions to the royal commission, beginning in March 2014 in Sydney and via video link from the Vatican in August 2014 and in February/March 2016.<a href="#cite_note-SBS_News-2017-142">[140]</a> In his 2012 Christmas address Pell said he felt "shock and shame" at revelations of crime and wrongdoing that were completely contrary to Christ's teaching. Pell called the crimes and wrongdoings "disasters". He said he was "deeply sorry this has happened" and told his listeners to "help those who have been hurt".<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Comments_upholding_the_Seal_of_Confession">Comments upholding the Seal of Confession</h4></div> The announcement of the royal commission was accompanied by calls from some quarters for relaxing the requirement of confidentiality in confessions, known as the <a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Confession" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Confession">Seal of Confession</a>, which has been upheld by the Catholic Church since the 5th century. It is protected under <a href="/wiki/Australian_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian law">Australian law</a> in such statutes as the Evidence Act 1995 (which also provides protections for lawyers, journalists and spouses).<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> When Pell was asked whether he thought that a priest who hears the confession of someone who has committed child sex abuse must remain bound by the Seal of Confession, he replied:<a href="#cite_note-News.com.au-2012-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sales,_Leigh-2012-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perpitch,_Nicolas-2012-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coorey,_Phillip-2012-160">[158]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">If that is done outside the confessional (it can be reported to the police) ... (But) the Seal of Confession is inviolable. If the priest knows beforehand about such a situation, the priest should refuse to hear the confession ... That would be my advice, and I would never hear the confession of a priest who is suspected of such a thing.</blockquote> The ABC reported that the comment "met with disapproval", citing Catholic politician <a href="/wiki/Barry_O%27Farrell" title="Barry O'Farrell">Barry O'Farrell</a> who told Parliament that confessions should not be secret.<a href="#cite_note-News.com.au-2012-150">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sales,_Leigh-2012-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Perpitch,_Nicolas-2012-159">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coorey,_Phillip-2012-160">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accusations_of_misconduct">Accusations of misconduct</h4></div> Criticisms of Pell's conduct and manner towards victims and perpetrators have been aired in the Australian media and considered at the royal commission. His appearances before the royal commission were met with intense public interest in Australia. He was heckled from the public galleries. Pell has complained of unfair treatment from the media and "relentless character assassination".<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a> article by Debi Marshall included suggestions Pell had ignored accounts of physical and child sexual abuse and covered up such abuse. Marshall raised the allegation that Pell had attempted to "bribe" a victim.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> However, Pell was cross-examined by Counsel Assisting Gail Furness over the widely publicised statement that in 1993, he attempted to bribe David Ridsdale into silence when Ridsdale called him about the historical misconduct of his child-molesting priest uncle <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ridsdale" title="Gerald Ridsdale">Gerald Ridsdale</a>. In her final submission, Furness conceded that the allegation was unlikely to be an accurate interpretation of Pell's intent, as it was already known that Gerald Ridsdale was under investigation by police, and David Ridsdale was requesting a private process and not suggesting he wanted to go to police.<a href="#cite_note-Furness_SC-2016-163">[161]</a> The royal commission also considered evidence of Pell's "knowledge of rumours, allegations or complaints of Dowlan's sexual abuse of children in Ballarat", also raised in Marshall's article. One witness said he had gone to "Pell's presbytery" in Ballarat to warn him about Dowlan. Pell submitted evidence that he did not live in Ballarat or in that presbytery at the time, and the counsel-assisting said in her final submission that "Cardinal Pell's evidence about his living arrangements and duties in 1973 and 1974 make it less likely that he was at St Patrick's presbytery late in the afternoon on a week day."<a href="#cite_note-Furness_SC-2016-163">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="March_2014_appearance">March 2014 appearance</h4></div> In 2014, the royal commission was told how lawyers representing Pell and the Archdiocese of Sydney incurred costs of A$1.5 million against a victim of child sexual abuse. The lawyers, acting on the church's instructions, "vigorously" fought John Ellis through the courts despite warnings of his "fragile psychological state". The resulting <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales_Court_of_Appeal" title="New South Wales Court of Appeal">New South Wales Court of Appeal</a> ruling established the controversial "Ellis Defence", which confirmed that the church could not be sued as a legal entity and held liable for child sexual abuse committed by a priest in such matters. Eventually, Ellis received $568,000 from the church. In a statement to the royal commission in March 2014, Pell reversed his earlier stance in support of the defence, saying: "My own view is that the Church in Australia should be able to be sued in cases of this kind."<a href="#cite_note-Benns-2014-149">[147]</a> In his 2014 appearance, Pell used an analogy of a trucking company: "If the truck driver picks up some lady and then molests her, I don't think it's appropriate, because it is contrary to the policy, for the ownership, the leadership of that company to be held responsible."<a href="#cite_note-Why_Pell_and_the_Church_are_the_target_of_so_much_rage-2016-164">[162]</a> He was widely criticised for this remark.<a href="#cite_note-2014-RC-appearance-165">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-IrishCentral-2014-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herald_Sun-2015-168">[166]</a> The president of Adults Surviving Child Abuse, Cathy Kezelman, called his comments "outrageous", saying that they denied the experience of victims. Nicky Davis, from the <a href="/wiki/Survivors_Network_of_those_Abused_by_Priests" title="Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests">Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests</a> (SNAP), said that Pell had made a "highly offensive" comparison.<a href="#cite_note-IrishCentral-2014-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a> Michael Bradley, writing in his weekly column for <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a>, said "Yes, it was mind-blowingly insensitive to draw that analogy and to so blithely refer to 'some lady'. But there was a much bigger hole. In the world according to Pell, if the Catholic Church has a policy that tells its priests not to rape children then, if they still do so, the Church cannot be held accountable."<a href="#cite_note-Why_Pell_and_the_Church_are_the_target_of_so_much_rage-2016-164">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2016_appearance">2016 appearance</h4></div> Pell appeared before the royal commission in February and March 2016 by video link from a hotel in Rome because his heart condition made travel to Australia inadvisable, according to Commission chair Justice Peter McClellan, who ruled on the issue, a ruling opposed by Nicky Davis, an advocate for sexual abuse survivors.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_too_ill-170">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC_too_ill_OK-171">[169]</a> "Paul O'Dwyer SC, a counsel for abuse survivors, renewed his application for the Cardinal's medical records to be made public."<a href="#cite_note-ABC_too_ill_OK-171">[169]</a> After the announcement that Pell would testify from Rome in 2016, a <a href="/wiki/GoFundMe" title="GoFundMe">GoFundMe</a> campaign was launched to fund a trip to Rome by 15 victims of child sexual abuse to see Pell give evidence in person. It reached its target of A$55,000 in one day, doubled that the following day and trebled the day after.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_gofundme-172">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tim_Minchin-2016-173">[171]</a> Comedian and musician <a href="/wiki/Tim_Minchin" title="Tim Minchin">Tim Minchin</a> wrote and recorded the strongly-worded song "Come Home (Cardinal Pell)", with all proceeds to go to the gofundme campaign. Within 24 hours it had over 400,000 views on YouTube and became the number one position on the iTunes song chart in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-Tim_Minchin-2016-173">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> In the event, Pell's testimony was witnessed by 15 victims of child sexual abuse and their supporters.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Having sworn on the Bible, Pell stated that he did not think the problems with child sexual abuse were with the institutional structure of the Catholic Church. "The Church has made enormous mistakes and is working to remedy those", he said. "The Church in many places, certainly in Australia, has mucked things up, has let people down. I'm not here to defend the indefensible."<a href="#cite_note-MSN-2016-176">[174]</a> Counsel assisting the royal commission alleged that there were also wider problems with the church's hierarchy in Australia and Rome and beyond, which they thought he understated or sidestepped.<a href="#cite_note-MSN-2016-176">[174]</a> Regarding the allegations of children, he said that "the predisposition was not to believe" and that the instinct was to protect the church.<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_George_Pell_tells_child_sexual_abuse_royal_commission_Catholic_Church_made-2016-66">[64]</a> He said: "Too many of them certainly were dismissed and sometimes they were dismissed in absolutely scandalous circumstances ... They were very, very, very plausible allegations made by responsible people that were not followed up sufficiently."<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_George_Pell_tells_child_sexual_abuse_royal_commission_Catholic_Church_made-2016-66">[64]</a> Pell also stated that the way Gerald Ridsdale was dealt with was "a catastrophe for the victims and a catastrophe for the church". Referring to rumours of child sexual abuse he added: "in those days", he said, "if a priest denied such activity, I was very strongly inclined to accept the denial".<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_George_Pell_tells_child_sexual_abuse_royal_commission_Catholic_Church_made-2016-66">[64]</a> In June 2016 the Holy See Press Office director <a href="/wiki/Federico_Lombardi" title="Federico Lombardi">Federico Lombardi</a> announced that Pell would continue in his role as prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy, despite being obliged to submit his resignation on turning 75. Lombardi reminded reporters that Pope Francis had previously expressed his full confidence in Pell, and that Francis wished him to continue as prefect.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gerald_Ridsdale">Gerald Ridsdale</h4></div> Pell served as an assistant priest at St Alipius' Church in Ballarat East and, in 1973, shared a house with <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ridsdale" title="Gerald Ridsdale">Gerald Ridsdale</a>, a priest who was later laicised and jailed for child sex crimes.<a href="#cite_note-Herald_Sun-2015-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> Ridsdale was convicted between 1993 and 2017 of child sexual abuse and <a href="/wiki/Indecent_assault" title="Indecent assault">indecent assault</a> charges against children aged as young as four years during the 1970s and 1980s, with the 79 known victims thought to be a small proportion of his actual total.<a href="#cite_note-Franklin-179">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc-guilty-plea-181">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Pell was part of a leadership group of priests in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ballarat" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat">Diocese of Ballarat</a> who met during 1982 and discussed moving Ridsdale from the parish at <a href="/wiki/Mortlake,_Victoria" title="Mortlake, Victoria">Mortlake</a> and sending him to Sydney.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> Pell denied knowing about any of Ridsdale's actions.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> Journalist and former priest <a href="/wiki/Paul_Bongiorno" title="Paul Bongiorno">Paul Bongiorno</a>, who also lived in a presbytery with Ridsdale, told ABC radio that Ridsdale concealed his activities: "They hide it. It was certainly hidden from me. And when it came out, after I'd left the priesthood, I was shocked and I was ashamed."<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> In March 2016, when asked by the royal commission why he had agreed to walk Ridsdale into the courthouse in Melbourne during his 1993 criminal trial, Pell responded, "I had some status as an auxiliary bishop and I was asked to appear with the ambition that this would lessen the term of punishment, lessen his time in jail." Peter Saunders, the victims' advocate and a former Catholic priest, said that Pell's response "demonstrates once again the callousness, the coldheartedness and the contempt that George Pell appears to display for this whole issue and particularly for the victims of these dreadful crimes".<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> In 2002 on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes_(Australian_TV_program)" title="60 Minutes (Australian TV program)">60 Minutes</a>, David Ridsdale, a victim of child sexual abuse in Ballarat and a nephew of Gerald Ridsdale, accused Pell of attempting to bribe him in 1993 to prevent allegations of child sexual abuse being made public.<a href="#cite_note-Furness_SC-2016-163">[161]</a> The allegation was examined at the royal commission and received further wide publicity.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> However, Gail Furness, a counsel-assisting the royal commission, conceded in her final submission to the commission that, given it was already known to Pell that Gerald Ridsdale was subject to police investigation and that David Ridsdale had requested a "private" rather than police process, "it is not likely that Bishop Pell would then have thought it necessary to offer Mr Ridsdale an inducement to prevent him from going to the police or public with his allegations" and Ridsdale could have "misinterpreted Bishop Pell's offer of assistance".<a href="#cite_note-Furness_SC-2016-163">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commission_conclusions">Commission conclusions</h4></div> On 7 May 2020, the royal commission revealed its findings regarding Pell, which had been made by 2017 but were withheld while Pell's own sexual abuse case was ongoing.<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_Pell-2020-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[188]</a> concluding that Pell knew of child sexual abuse by clergy by the 1970s, but did not take adequate action to address it. Pell responded that the commission's views "are not supported by evidence".<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_Pell-2020-9">[9]</a> For the case of Gerald Ridsdale, while Pell was a priest in Ballarat, the commission concluded that "in 1973 Father Pell turned his mind to the prudence of Ridsdale taking boys on overnight camps", with child sexual abuse "on his radar, in relation to" Ridsdale. The commission concluded that "by 1973, Cardinal Pell was not only conscious of child sexual abuse by clergy, but he also considered measures of avoiding situations which might provoke gossip about it".<a href="#cite_note-Cardinal_Pell-2020-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davey-2020-191">[189]</a> For the case of Peter Searson, while Pell was an auxiliary bishop in Melbourne, the commission concluded that given the information Pell had in 1989, he "should have advised the Archbishop to remove Father Searson and he did not do so". Pell had told the commission that, in 1989, he received a list of grievances about Searson. The list included statements that Searson had harassed children, parents and school staff, used children's toilets without cause, shown children a dead body and practised animal cruelty. The commission concluded that it "ought to have been obvious" to Pell that he needed to have Searson removed, while rejecting Pell's statement that he had been "deceived" regarding Searson's case by education officials. Pell removed Searson in 1997 when he had become the archbishop.<a href="#cite_note-Davey-2020-191">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> For the case of Wilfred James Baker, while Pell was the Archbishop of Melbourne, the commission concluded that Pell had the power to remove Baker in August 1996 when he learned that Baker was about to be charged. Pell did not remove Baker then, resulting in Baker continuing as a priest in a parish with a primary school until May 1997.<a href="#cite_note-Davey-2020-191">[189]</a> Baker was jailed in 1999 for child sexual abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Sonali-194">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allegations_of_child_sexual_abuse">Allegations of child sexual abuse</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002_allegation">2002 allegation</h3></div> In June 2002, a Melbourne man named Phil Scott<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> accused Pell of sexually abusing him at a Catholic youth camp in 1961, when the accuser was 12 years old and Pell was a young <a href="/wiki/Seminary" title="Seminary">seminarian</a>. Pell denied the accusations and stood aside while the inquiry continued.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a> The complainant agreed to pursue his allegations through the church's own process for dealing with allegations of sexual misconduct, the National Committee for Professional Standards. Retired Victorian Supreme Court Justice <a href="/wiki/Alec_Southwell" title="Alec Southwell">Alec Southwell</a>, appointed commissioner by the church to <a href="/wiki/Southwell_inquiry" title="Southwell inquiry">investigate the matter</a>, found that the complainant, despite his long criminal record, had mostly given the impression of speaking honestly from actual recollection but concluded as follows: "bearing in mind the forensic difficulties of the defence occasioned by the very long delay, some valid criticism of the complainant's credibility, the lack of corroborative evidence and the sworn denial of the respondent, I find I am not 'satisfied that the complaint has been established'".<a href="#cite_note-Southwellreport-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burke-2002-198">[196]</a> Pell said he had been exonerated, while the complainant's solicitor said his client had been vindicated.<a href="#cite_note-Burke-2002-198">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Victoria_Police_investigations">Victoria Police investigations</h3></div> In March 2013, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Police" title="Victoria Police">Victoria Police</a> launched Operation Tethering to investigate whether Pell had committed unreported crimes.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> On 20 February 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a> newspaper reported that Pell had been under investigation for the past year by detectives from the Victoria Police SANO Taskforce over sexual abuse allegations involving between five and ten boys that occurred between 1978 and 2001 when he was a priest in Ballarat and when he was Archbishop of Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-Morris-Marr-2016-200">[198]</a> His office issued a statement denying the allegations, and asked for an inquiry into the leaking of information by Victoria Police officers.<a href="#cite_note-Morris-Marr-2016-200">[198]</a> Victoria Police remained silent on whether Pell was being investigated.<a href="#cite_note-Morris-Marr-2016-200">[198]</a> The SANO Taskforce was established in 2012 to investigate allegations arising from the Victorian Government's Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and Other Organisations and the subsequent Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Morris-Marr-2016-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> On 28 July 2016, the Chief Commissioner of Victoria Police, <a href="/wiki/Graham_Ashton" title="Graham Ashton">Graham Ashton</a>, confirmed that there was an investigation into alleged child sexual abuse by Pell, and stated he was awaiting advice from the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP).<a href="#cite_note-202">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> On 17 August 2016, Victoria Police said a response had been received from the DPP, but would not disclose the DPP's recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> In October 2016, three Victoria Police officers from the SANO Task Force flew to Rome to interview Pell, who participated voluntarily, regarding allegations of sexual assault.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> In February 2017, Victoria Police advised that the brief of evidence against Pell had been returned to the Office of Public Prosecutions. That office subsequently provided advice to Victoria Police in May 2017.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trial,_conviction_and_acquittal">Trial, conviction and acquittal</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Initial_charges_and_hearings">Initial charges and hearings</h4></div> On 29 June 2017, Victoria Police announced they were charging Pell with a series of sexual assault offences with several counts and several victims.<a href="#cite_note-George_Pell-2017-138">[136]</a> At a press conference in Rome, Pell denied the allegations.<a href="#cite_note-ABC29-2-209">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC29-3Pope-210">[208]</a> Pell left the Vatican in July and voluntarily returned to Australia to face trial.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Details of the charges were not made public. On 26 July 2017, Pell appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Melbourne Magistrates' Court">Melbourne Magistrates' Court</a> and entered a <a href="/wiki/Plea" title="Plea">plea</a> of not guilty. He was represented by barrister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richter_(lawyer)" title="Robert Richter (lawyer)">Robert Richter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Younger-2017-213">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> An application by the media seeking public disclosure of the details of the charges was refused by the <a href="/wiki/Magistrate" title="Magistrate">magistrate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Younger-2017-213">[211]</a> At a procedural hearing in November, Pell's lawyers requested documents from <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(Australia)" title="ABC News (Australia)">ABC News</a> journalist <a href="/wiki/Louise_Milligan" title="Louise Milligan">Louise Milligan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne University Press">Melbourne University Press</a> relating to Milligan's book Cardinal: the Rise and Fall of George Pell which was published in early 2017.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> In January 2018, accuser Damian Dignan died after a long illness.<a href="#cite_note-dignan_bbc-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> Dignan's charge was withdrawn.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> Pell's lawyers requested but were denied the personal medical information of the complainants.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Pell's defence was reported to be based on questioning the timing of allegations.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> Some other charges were dropped after a complainant was ruled medically unfit to give evidence.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Committal_hearing" class="mw-redirect" title="Committal hearing">committal hearing</a> to determine whether there was enough evidence to commit Pell to stand trial commenced on 5 March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Younger-222">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-SBS_News-2017-2-223">[221]</a> The hearing allowed for approximately fifty witnesses to give evidence, including former choirboys.<a href="#cite_note-Deery-2017-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-Younger-222">[220]</a> The magistrate allowed Pell's barrister to cross-examine all but five witnesses.<a href="#cite_note-Younger-222">[220]</a> Pell's barrister said the allegations involving St Patrick's Cathedral were impossible.<a href="#cite_note-Deery-2017-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-SBS_News-2017-2-223">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-AustOct17-225">[223]</a> <a href="/wiki/Police_magistrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Police magistrate">Magistrate</a> Belinda Wallington concluded that there was enough evidence for the case to proceed on about half of the charges. On 1 May 2018, Pell was committed to stand trial on several charges of sexual offending.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> Pell entered pleas of not guilty.<a href="#cite_note-guardian101-228">[226]</a> As a bail condition, Pell was not permitted to leave Australia.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> On 2 May 2018, Pell appeared in the <a href="/wiki/County_Court_of_Victoria" title="County Court of Victoria">County Court of Victoria</a> for a directions hearing before Judge Sue Pullen. It was agreed that he would undergo two separate trials with two separate juries and that the charges would be heard separately for each trial. He was to be tried in relation to allegations of sexual offences taking place at <a href="/wiki/St_Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Melbourne" title="St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne">St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne</a>, in 1990 in the first case (the cathedral trial) and in relation to further allegations taking place at a Ballarat swimming pool in the 1970s in the second case (the swimmers trial).<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Prosecutors sought a <a href="/wiki/Gag_order#Australia" title="Gag order">media ban</a> on reporting on the trials until the verdict in the second trial.<a href="#cite_note-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019-232">[230]</a> A suppression order was subsequently issued by Chief Judge <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kidd" title="Peter Kidd">Peter Kidd</a> on 25 June 2018.<a href="#cite_note-suppression-233">[231]</a> The purpose of the order was to prevent prejudice to Pell caused by jurors in the swimmers trial knowing the outcome of the cathedral trial.<a href="#cite_note-suppression-233">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-Younger-2019-234">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cathedral_trial">Cathedral trial</h4></div> Pell's first trial for the allegations of misconduct in St Patrick's Cathedral began in August 2018 under Chief Judge Kidd with representation by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Richter_(lawyer)" title="Robert Richter (lawyer)">Robert Richter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> However, it ended with the jury unable to reach a unanimous verdict. This necessitated a retrial, with another jury.<a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> A retrial was conducted, again under Kidd. On 11 December 2018, Pell was convicted on five counts of child sexual abuse of two boys in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-guilty_verdict-237">[235]</a> Australian media outlets generally respected the suppression order preventing publication of details on the cathedral trial whereas international news sources reported the conviction.<a href="#cite_note-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> The Melbourne-based <a href="/wiki/Herald_Sun" title="Herald Sun">Herald Sun</a> posted on its front page "CENSORED" in large print in protest of the ban, noting that international sources were reporting on a "very important story that is relevant to Victorians".<a href="#cite_note-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-Younger-2019-234">[232]</a> In a statement made to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noah_Shachtman" title="Noah Shachtman">Noah Shachtman</a>, editor-in-chief of the online news magazine <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>, consulted with American and Australian lawyers but ultimately considered it an "easy call" to report on the conviction, though he did place <a href="/wiki/Geo-blocking" title="Geo-blocking">geo-blocking</a> restrictions to prevent online access to the story from Australia.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> More than 140 international news reports were published within 24 hours. Pell's barrister informed Chief Judge Kidd that the guilty verdict was accessible on Wikipedia.<a href="#cite_note-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019-232">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Swimmers_trial:_prosecution_withdraws_its_case">Swimmers trial: prosecution withdraws its case</h4></div> At the time of Pell's conviction in the cathedral trial, a second trial was pending regarding unrelated allegations that he sexually assaulted two boys while throwing them in the air in a Ballarat swimming pool in the late 1970s. These allegations had been raised by the ABC, leading to a Victoria Police investigation; however, Victoria's Director of Public Prosecutions dropped the charges after Chief Judge Kidd on 22 February 2019 disallowed the prosecution's submission of evidence from complainants on the grounds that each piece of evidence was not sufficient.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> News of Pell's conviction was published in Australia on 26 February 2019 when the suppression order was lifted following the withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-243">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cathedral_trial_sentencing">Cathedral trial sentencing</h4></div> At a pre-sentencing hearing on 27 February 2019, Pell's bail was revoked and he was taken into custody at the <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Assessment_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Assessment Prison">Melbourne Assessment Prison</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-2019-244">[242]</a> Pell's lawyers released a statement that Pell maintained his innocence, and advised that an appeal had been filed on three grounds.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-2019-244">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> The sentencing hearing<a href="#cite_note-sentencing-246">[244]</a> on 13 March 2019 was broadcast live to the public, with Chief Judge Kidd sentencing Pell to serve six years in jail with a non-parole period of three years and eight months.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-9News-sentence-20190313-248">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-broadcast-249">[247]</a> Pell was also registered as a sex offender.<a href="#cite_note-250">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> He served 404 days in prison, much of it in solitary confinement, before being acquitted. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Breach_of_suppression_order_by_media">Breach of suppression order by media</h4></div> In the Supreme Court on 26 March 2019, Victoria's <a href="/wiki/Director_of_Public_Prosecutions" title="Director of Public Prosecutions">Director of Public Prosecutions</a> named 36 media outlets, journalists and broadcasters and applied that they be found guilty, convicted and either imprisoned or fined for breaching the suppression order. International media did not face charges.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeal">Appeal</h3></div> The Court of Appeal of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria" title="Supreme Court of Victoria">Supreme Court of Victoria</a> heard pleadings for Pell being granted leave to appeal simultaneously with the appeal itself in June 2019. Pell was represented by <a href="/wiki/Bret_Walker" title="Bret Walker">Bret Walker</a> SC. Three grounds of appeal were lodged: that the verdict was unreasonable, that permission to use in their closing address a visual aid prepared by the defence that illustrated the locations of people within the cathedral around the time of the first assault had been refused, and that Pell had not been arraigned in the presence of the jury as is required under standard criminal procedures in Victoria. Judgment was reserved, without setting a date to deliver the decision.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> On 21 August 2019, the Court of Appeal issued its ruling, which upheld the convictions.<a href="#cite_note-Sterling_Law-2019-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-VCA_dismissal-256">[254]</a> The three-judge panel comprised Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Anne_Ferguson_(judge)" title="Anne Ferguson (judge)">Anne Ferguson</a>, President of the Court of Appeal, Justice <a href="/wiki/Chris_Maxwell_(jurist)" title="Chris Maxwell (jurist)">Chris Maxwell</a> and Justice <a href="/wiki/Mark_Weinberg_(judge)" title="Mark Weinberg (judge)">Mark Weinberg</a>. On the first ground of appeal, that the verdict was unreasonable, the court granted leave to appeal but dismissed the appeal by a majority (2–1) decision.<a href="#cite_note-Sterling_Law-2019-255">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-VCA_dismissal-256">[254]</a> Ferguson and Maxwell dismissed the appeal. Ferguson stated that, for the appeal to succeed, the court needed to find that the jury must have had doubt as to the defendant's guilt, not merely that they could have had doubt. Weinberg issued a dissenting judgment and would have allowed the appeal on the first ground.<a href="#cite_note-VCA_dismissal-256">[254]</a> Whilst Ferguson and Maxwell stated that they did not experience a doubt in the case, Weinberg, the dissenting judge, likened the case to that of <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Chamberlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindy Chamberlain">Lindy Chamberlain</a>, which had seen wrongful conviction by a jury and appeal court based on faulty evidence.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> Weinberg wrote that the applicant should be acquitted on each charge.<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> The court unanimously refused leave to appeal on the second and third grounds.<a href="#cite_note-VCA_dismissal-256">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acquittal">Acquittal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pell_v_The_Queen" title="Pell v The Queen">Pell v The Queen</a></div> In September 2019, Pell sought special leave to appeal to the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, the final court of appeal in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-HCA_appeal_lodge_ABCNews-261">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> Pell's lawyers submitted that Pell's conviction should be overturned on the basis that, in the face of exculpatory evidence, the Court of Appeal had relied on their belief in the complainant to eliminate doubt and uphold the conviction. The prosecution submission asserted that the appeal judgement had glossed over evidence that supported his conviction.<a href="#cite_note-263">[261]</a> The appeal was heard on 11 and 12 March 2020 by a full bench of seven justices.<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> On 7 April 2020, in a unanimous judgment, the High Court allowed the appeal, quashing Pell's convictions and determining that judgments of acquittal be entered in their place.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[267]</a> The court found that the jury ought to have entertained a doubt as to the applicant's guilt.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> The court agreed with Weinberg's judgment in the Court of Appeal, finding that the majority might have effectively reversed the burden of proof.<a href="#cite_note-HCA_judgment-271">[269]</a> In their judgment, the judges said with respect to all five charges that, "Making full allowance for the advantages enjoyed by the jury, there is a significant possibility ... that an innocent person has been convicted."<a href="#cite_note-272">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactions_after_acquittal">Reactions after acquittal</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_of_ABC's_Pell_coverage">Criticism of ABC's Pell coverage</h4></div> Following Pell's acquittal, prior media coverage of his case came under intense scrutiny. Australia's national broadcaster, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (ABC), was accused of sustained bias against Pell both before and during the trial and appeals.<a href="#cite_note-273">[271]</a> Pell said the ABC had betrayed the national interest in overwhelmingly presenting a single view of the case, and that he was a target because of his socially conservative views.<a href="#cite_note-274">[272]</a> The ABC dismissed criticisms of its coverage and defended its pursuit of Pell as having been without fear or favour.<a href="#cite_note-275">[273]</a> After criticism that its documentary series <a href="/wiki/Revelation_(TV_series)" title="Revelation (TV series)">Revelation</a> (which presented Pell as guilty) had been timed to coincide with the High Court decision, the ABC denied rushing the program, but temporarily removed it from its digital platform to allow the producers to include reference to Pell's acquittal and subsequent release from <a href="/wiki/Barwon_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Barwon Prison">Barwon Prison</a>. The series was restored to ABC's digital platform and went on to win the <a href="/wiki/Walkley_Awards" title="Walkley Awards">Walkley Documentary Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> The ABC noted that Revelation had actually been pushed back several days due to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a> making a televised address to the nation regarding the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_outbreak_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 outbreak in Australia">COVID-19 outbreak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_of_Victorian_criminal_justice_system">Criticism of Victorian criminal justice system</h4></div> Criticism of the conduct of Victoria Police, the DPP and the Court of Appeal judges resulted from the High Court verdict. Right-wing commentator <a href="/wiki/Keith_Windschuttle" title="Keith Windschuttle">Keith Windschuttle</a> published a book, The Persecution of George Pell, arguing that Pell had faced a concerted campaign by Victorian police, judiciary and victims' advocates to convict him on flimsy evidence.<a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticism_of_the_High_Court's_verdict">Criticism of the High Court's verdict</h4></div> In response to support for the acquittal, legal scholar Jeremy Patrick wrote that it is for juries to decide if they accept evidence in whole or part, not judges. He pointed out that the acquittal did not happen because the High Court "heard stunning new exonerating evidence, had found an error in law by the trial judge on a crucial point, realised there was jury misconduct, or anything of that sort. Instead, it heard the exact same evidence and the exact same arguments that were made at trial, and simply reached a different conclusion than the jury on contested matters of fact and credibility." However, its conclusion was flawed by "[an] unquestioning belief in the defendant’s witnesses, an illogical ‘probabilistic’ analysis of a discrete, unreplicable historical event, and an eager willingness to substitute their own opinion for the jury’s verdict because it reached the ‘wrong’ outcome."<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_charges">Media charges</h3></div> In January 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria" title="Supreme Court of Victoria">Supreme Court of Victoria</a> heard charges against 27 media companies, reporters and editors with offences, mainly contempt of court, for their coverage of the Pell verdict by breaching the suppression order and the subjudice rule—even though no outlet had named Pell in their coverage, but rather had published protests at the suppression order.<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> Twelve media companies—including the Herald Sun, the Courier Mail, the Sydney Morning Herald, The Age (which was fined $450,000), <a href="/wiki/News_Corp_Australia" title="News Corp Australia">News Corp Australia</a> (which was fined $400,000) and <a href="/wiki/Nine_Entertainment_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Nine Entertainment Co.">Nine Entertainment Co.</a> (whose other newspapers were fined $162,000)—pleaded guilty to contempt of court and apologised. The companies were to receive fines and would pay $650,000 of the state's legal costs. In exchange for these guilty pleas, 15 charges against individual journalists were dropped.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/John_Dixon_(judge)" title="John Dixon (judge)">John Dixon</a> found that the 12 organisations had usurped the role of the court; they had taken it upon themselves to determine where the balance ought to lie between Pell's <a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">right to a fair trial</a> and the public's right to know. He did not accept their submission that their breach of the suppression order was an honest mistake. Rather, he found, in most cases the reporting demonstrated that the organisations disagreed with the suppression order and felt the media should not be restrained from reporting the outcome of the trial. Although media overseas had reported Pell's conviction, he thought that potential jury members for the second trial were likely to rely upon local media rather than an internet search and, in any case, overseas reporting did not affect the seriousness of Australian media's breach of the suppression order.<a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_legal_action">2022 legal action</h3></div> In 2022, the father of a schoolboy who was allegedly abused by Pell launched legal action against Pell and the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne.<a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> Following Pell's death, it was announced that the case would proceed, with the claim to be against the Melbourne archdiocese and Pell's estate.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a> The Melbourne archdiocese sought to prevent the lawsuit by appealing first to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Victoria" title="Supreme Court of Victoria">Supreme Court of Victoria</a>, who refused the appeal,<a href="#cite_note-287">[285]</a> and then to the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, who allowed the lawsuit to proceed by refusing the plaintiff special leave to appeal.<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Redress_Scheme_findings">National Redress Scheme findings</h3></div> In 2025, the <a href="/wiki/National_Redress_Scheme" title="National Redress Scheme">National Redress Scheme</a> found that, when Pell was a priest in Ballarat in the 1970s, he had sexually abused two schoolboys. It was found "reasonably likely" (a burden of proof lower than that of "beyond reasonable doubt", used in the criminal justice system) that Pell had anally raped a boy aged nine in a school gymnasium and had genitally groped a boy aged eight during a game at a swimming pool. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Ballarat" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat">Roman Catholic Diocese of Ballarat</a> disputed the allegations. The Scheme granted the compensations sought: to the older victim $95,000 and to the younger $45,000.<a href="#cite_note-NRS-finding-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-NRS-finding-Guardian-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-SMH-redress-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writings">Writings</h2></div> Pell wrote widely in religious and secular magazines, including journals and newspapers in Australia and overseas.<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-2003-143">[141]</a> He regularly spoke on television and radio. His other publications included The Sisters of St Joseph in Swan Hill 1922–72 (1972), Catholicism in Australia (1988), Rerum Novarum – One Hundred Years Later (1992), Catholicism and the Architecture of Freedom. <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">Pell, George (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/20295189?q&versionId=23968030">Bread, stones or fairy floss: religious education today</a> (pamphlet). Melbourne: Australian Catholic Truth Society Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bread%2C+stones+or+fairy+floss%3A+religious+education+today&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Australian+Catholic+Truth+Society+Publications&rft.date=1977&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fwork%2F20295189%3Fq%26versionId%3D23968030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (1979). Are our secondary schools Catholic? (pamphlet). Melbourne: Australian Catholic Truth Society Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Are+our+secondary+schools+Catholic%3F&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Australian+Catholic+Truth+Society+Publications&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation thesis cs1">——— (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bridges.monash.edu/articles/thesis/An_evaluation_of_the_goal_of_moral_autonomy_in_the_theory_and_practice_of_Lawrence_Kohlbergew/5259520/1">An evaluation of the goal of moral autonomy in the theory and practice of Lawrence Kohlberg</a> (microfiche thesis). Clayton, Melbourne: Monash University. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4225%2F03%2F597eca733a8dc">10.4225/03/597eca733a8dc</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=An+evaluation+of+the+goal+of+moral+autonomy+in+the+theory+and+practice+of+Lawrence+Kohlberg&rft.degree=microfiche&rft.inst=Monash+University&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4225%2F03%2F597eca733a8dc&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbridges.monash.edu%2Farticles%2Fthesis%2FAn_evaluation_of_the_goal_of_moral_autonomy_in_the_theory_and_practice_of_Lawrence_Kohlbergew%2F5259520%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">with Woods, Mary Helen (1996). Issues of Faith and Morals (paperback). Melbourne: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553978-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-553978-3"><bdi>978-0-19-553978-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+of+Faith+and+Morals&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-553978-3&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rft.au=Woods%2C+Mary+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> For senior secondary classes and parish groups.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190327151541/http://www.cis.org.au/events/catholicism-and-the-architecture-of-freedom-archbishop-george-pell/">Catholicism and the architecture of freedom</a>. The Inaugural <a href="/wiki/Acton_Lecture_on_Religion_and_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Acton Lecture on Religion and Freedom">Acton Lecture on Religion and Freedom</a>. St Leonards, Sydney: Centre for Independent Studies (Australia). p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86432-044-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86432-044-2"><bdi>978-1-86432-044-2</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cis.org.au/events/catholicism-and-the-architecture-of-freedom-archbishop-george-pell">the original</a> (oration) on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catholicism+and+the+architecture+of+freedom&rft.place=St+Leonards%2C+Sydney&rft.series=The+Inaugural+Acton+Lecture+on+Religion+and+Freedom&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Centre+for+Independent+Studies+%28Australia%29&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86432-044-2&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cis.org.au%2Fevents%2Fcatholicism-and-the-architecture-of-freedom-archbishop-george-pell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2004). Livingstone, Tess (ed.). Be not afraid: collected writing (paperback). Sydney: Duffy & Snellgrove. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876631-97-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-876631-97-0"><bdi>978-1-876631-97-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Be+not+afraid%3A+collected+writing&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Duffy+%26+Snellgrove&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-876631-97-0&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> A collection of homilies and reflections.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2007). Casey, M. A. (ed.). God and Caesar: Selected Essays on Religion, Politics, and Society (paperback). Ballan, Victoria: Connor Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1503-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1503-7"><bdi>978-0-8132-1503-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God+and+Caesar%3A+Selected+Essays+on+Religion%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society&rft.place=Ballan%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Connor+Court&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8132-1503-7&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2010). Livingstone, Tess (ed.). Test Everything: Hold Fast to What Is Good (paperback). Ballan, Victoria: Connor Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9214-2137-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9214-2137-2"><bdi>978-1-9214-2137-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Test+Everything%3A+Hold+Fast+to+What+Is+Good&rft.place=Ballan%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Connor+Court&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-9214-2137-2&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2020). Prison Journal, Volume One: The Cardinal Makes His Appeal, 27 February–13 July 2019 (paperback). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621644484" title="Special:BookSources/9781621644484"><bdi>9781621644484</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prison+Journal%2C+Volume+One%3A+The+Cardinal+Makes+His+Appeal%2C+27+February%E2%80%9313+July+2019&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781621644484&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2021). Prison Journal, Volume Two: The State Court Rejects the Appeal, 14 July 2019–30 November 2019 (paperback). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621644507" title="Special:BookSources/9781621644507"><bdi>9781621644507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prison+Journal%2C+Volume+Two%3A+The+State+Court+Rejects+the+Appeal%2C+14+July+2019%E2%80%9330+November+2019&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781621644507&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">——— (2021). Prison Journal, Volume Three: The High Court Frees an Innocent Man (paperback). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781621644514" title="Special:BookSources/9781621644514"><bdi>9781621644514</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prison+Journal%2C+Volume+Three%3A+The+High+Court+Frees+an+Innocent+Man&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9781621644514&rft.au=Pell%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distinctions">Distinctions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orders">Orders</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>: <a href="/wiki/File:OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg/60px-OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg/90px-OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg/120px-OESSG_Cavaliere_di_Gran_Croce_BAR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Knight Grand Cross (2001) <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prior" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Prior">Grand Prior</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> Lieutenancy of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a> (2001-2013),<a href="#cite_note-ABC_News-2003-143">[141]</a> Grand Prior of the Australian Lieutenancy – Southern of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Order of the Holy Sepulchre">Order of the Holy Sepulchre</a> (1998–2001)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> Australia: <a href="/wiki/File:AUS_Order_of_Australia_(civil)_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg/60px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg/90px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg/120px-AUS_Order_of_Australia_%28civil%29_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">Companion of the Order of Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/2005_Queen%27s_Birthday_Honours_(Australia)" title="2005 Queen's Birthday Honours (Australia)">2005</a>) for service to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Australia" title="Catholic Church in Australia">Catholic Church in Australia</a> and internationally, to raising debate on matters of an ethical and spiritual nature, to education and to social justice.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[c]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /> Australia: <a href="/wiki/File:AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg/60px-AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg/90px-AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg/120px-AUS_Centenary_Medal_ribbon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Centenary_Medal" title="Centenary Medal">Centenary Medal</a> (2001) for service to Australian society through the Catholic Church.<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png/60px-Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png/90px-Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png/120px-Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_of_Jerusalem_-_Grand_Cross.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a> Ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Grand_Cross" title="Grand Cross">Grand Cross</a> and Ecclesiastical Grand Cross of Merit of the Malta-Paris obedience of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus_(statuted_1910)" title="Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)">Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)</a> (2003) for longstanding commitment to <a href="/wiki/Ecumenism" title="Ecumenism">ecumenism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a> and service as National Chaplain (2001).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_sexual_abuse_scandal_in_Victoria" title="Catholic sexual abuse scandal in Victoria">Catholic sexual abuse scandal in Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Sydney" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney">St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> One of his fellow seminarians at Corpus Christi was <a href="/wiki/Denis_Hart" title="Denis Hart">Denis Hart</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>: 38–39  Pell's successor as <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne">Archbishop of Melbourne</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">[13]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> The CDF has had jurisdiction over sexual offences committed by the Catholic clergy with minors since 2001. Its proceedings are secret.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> On 21 August 2019, the Prime Minister of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Morrison" title="Scott Morrison">Scott Morrison</a>, said that he plans to follow precedent and see that a recommendation is made to the Governor-General that this honour be revoked after Pell lost his appeal against his sexual abuse convictions.<a href="#cite_note-PMonAC-Trial-290">[288]</a> The Governor-General also issued a statement noting that such a conviction is grounds for termination of an appointment to the Order of Australia but also declaring that no action will be taken until the appeals process is completed.<a href="#cite_note-AC_GG_won't_revoke_ABC-291">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-CT20190821-292">[290]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-QB2005Gazette-1"><a href="#cite_ref-QB2005Gazette_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article240489112">"The Queen's Birthday 2005 Honours: The Governor-General is pleased to announce the following appointments and awards"</a>. Commonwealth of Australia Gazette. Special (National : 1977 - 2012). 13 June 2005. p. 1. Retrieved 12 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+of+Australia+Gazette.+Special+%28National+%3A+1977+-+2012%29&rft.atitle=The+Queen%27s+Birthday+2005+Honours%3A+The+Governor-General+is+pleased+to+announce+the+following+appointments+and+awards&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2005-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article240489112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic_Church_Victoria-2012-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Church_Victoria-2012_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catholic_Church_Victoria-2012_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatholic_Church_Victoria2012" class="citation report cs1">Catholic Church Victoria (21 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/fcdc/inquiries/57th/Child_Abuse_Inquiry/Submissions/Catholic_Church_in_Victoria.pdf">Facing the Truth – Learning from the Past – How the Catholic Church in Victoria has Responded to Child Abuse (submission to Parliamentary Inquiry into the Handling of Child Abuse by Religious and other Non-Government Organisations)</a> (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 6 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Facing+the+Truth+%E2%80%93+Learning+from+the+Past+%E2%80%93+How+the+Catholic+Church+in+Victoria+has+Responded+to+Child+Abuse+%28submission+to+Parliamentary+Inquiry+into+the+Handling+of+Child+Abuse+by+Religious+and+other+Non-Government+Organisations%29&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.au=Catholic+Church+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fcommittees%2Ffcdc%2Finquiries%2F57th%2FChild_Abuse_Inquiry%2FSubmissions%2FCatholic_Church_in_Victoria.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFamily_and_Community_Development_Committee2013" class="citation book cs1">Family and Community Development Committee (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/fcdc/inquiries/57th/Child_Abuse_Inquiry/Report/Inquiry_into_Handling_of_Abuse_Volume_2_FINAL_web.pdf">Betrayal of trust: inquiry into the handling of child abuse by religious and other non-government organisations (Volume 2)</a> (PDF). East Melbourne, Victoria: Parliament of Victoria. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780987372857" title="Special:BookSources/9780987372857"><bdi>9780987372857</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Betrayal+of+trust%3A+inquiry+into+the+handling+of+child+abuse+by+religious+and+other+non-government+organisations+%28Volume+2%29&rft.place=East+Melbourne%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Victoria&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780987372857&rft.au=Family+and+Community+Development+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.vic.gov.au%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fcommittees%2Ffcdc%2Finquiries%2F57th%2FChild_Abuse_Inquiry%2FReport%2FInquiry_into_Handling_of_Abuse_Volume_2_FINAL_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-posthumous_re_CSA-4"><a href="#cite_ref-posthumous_re_CSA_4-0">^</a> Posthumous sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-64231261">"Controversial Catholic cleric Pell dies aged 81"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023. <q>But the cleric left his post in 2017, returning to Australia to face trial on child sex abuse charges. A jury in 2018 found he had abused two boys while Archbishop of Melbourne in the 1990s. Cardinal Pell, who always maintained his innocence, spent 13 months in prison before the High Court of Australia quashed the verdict in 2020.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Controversial+Catholic+cleric+Pell+dies+aged+81&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-australia-64231261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">McGuirk, Rod; Winfield, Nicole; Perry, Nick (11 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/pope-francis-religion-victoria-child-abuse-vatican-city-2124df94744bb3aae1355da240271150">"Cardinal Pell, whose convictions were overturned, dies at 81"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Retrieved 11 January 2023. <q>... spent 404 days in solitary confinement in his native Australia on child sex abuse charges before his convictions were overturned</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Pell%2C+whose+convictions+were+overturned%2C+dies+at+81&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft.aulast=McGuirk&rft.aufirst=Rod&rft.au=Winfield%2C+Nicole&rft.au=Perry%2C+Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpope-francis-religion-victoria-child-abuse-vatican-city-2124df94744bb3aae1355da240271150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalFeast2023" class="citation news cs1">Pal, Alasdair; Feast, Lincoln (11 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/reaction-death-australian-cardinal-george-pell-2023-01-11/">"Reaction to the death of Australian Cardinal George Pell"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. Retrieved 11 January 2023. <q>George Pell, a leading Roman Catholic conservative and former top Vatican official who in 2020 was acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Reaction+to+the+death+of+Australian+Cardinal+George+Pell&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft.aulast=Pal&rft.aufirst=Alasdair&rft.au=Feast%2C+Lincoln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Freaction-death-australian-cardinal-george-pell-2023-01-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230111-cardinal-pell-a-divisive-figure-cleared-of-sexual-abuse">"Cardinal Pell: a divisive figure cleared of sexual abuse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France_Presse" class="mw-redirect" title="Agence France Presse">Agence France Presse</a>. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023. <q>... leaves a legacy forever marked by a paedophilia conviction that was later overturned. ... served 12 months in jail before a court quashed his conviction on five counts of sexually abusing 13-year-old choirboys in the 1990s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Pell%3A+a+divisive+figure+cleared+of+sexual+abuse&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20230111-cardinal-pell-a-divisive-figure-cleared-of-sexual-abuse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-01-11/cardinal-george-pell-dies-vatican-aged-81/101843096">"Cardinal George Pell dies in Rome aged 81 after hip surgery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC News Australia">ABC News Australia</a>. 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023. <q>... was jailed in Australia for child sexual abuse in 2019 but vigorously maintained his innocence and had his convictions quashed more than a year later.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+Australia&rft.atitle=Cardinal+George+Pell+dies+in+Rome+aged+81+after+hip+surgery&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2023-01-11%2Fcardinal-george-pell-dies-vatican-aged-81%2F101843096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollett2019" class="citation news cs1">Collett, Michael (18 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-19/george-pell-and-the-vatican-organisation-investigating-him/11455530">"The Catholic Church has its own secret investigation into Pell. Here's who is running it"</a>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 12 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Catholic+Church+has+its+own+secret+investigation+into+Pell.+Here%27s+who+is+running+it&rft.date=2019-09-18&rft.aulast=Collett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-09-19%2Fgeorge-pell-and-the-vatican-organisation-investigating-him%2F11455530&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRS-finding-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRS-finding_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRS-finding_6-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250203032251/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-01-31/george-pell-ballarat-abused-boys/104863920">"George Pell raped, groped two boys in Ballarat, compensation scheme decides"</a>. ABC News. 30 January 2025. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-01-31/george-pell-ballarat-abused-boys/104863920">the original</a> on 3 February 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=George+Pell+raped%2C+groped+two+boys+in+Ballarat%2C+compensation+scheme+decides&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2025-01-31%2Fgeorge-pell-ballarat-abused-boys%2F104863920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRS-finding-Guardian-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRS-finding-Guardian_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRS-finding-Guardian_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty2025" class="citation news cs1">Doherty, Ben (1 February 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250202063949/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/jan/31/two-men-abused-by-george-pell-granted-compensation-by-australian-government-ntwnfb">"Two men abused by George Pell in 1970s granted compensation by the federal government"</a>. The Guardian. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2025/jan/31/two-men-abused-by-george-pell-granted-compensation-by-australian-government-ntwnfb">the original</a> on 2 February 2025. Retrieved 1 February 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Two+men+abused+by+George+Pell+in+1970s+granted+compensation+by+the+federal+government&rft.date=2025-02-01&rft.aulast=Doherty&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2025%2Fjan%2F31%2Ftwo-men-abused-by-george-pell-granted-compensation-by-australian-government-ntwnfb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMH-redress-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SMH-redress_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMH-redress_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouston2025" class="citation web cs1">Houston, Cameron (31 January 2025). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/victims-of-sexual-abuse-by-george-pell-receive-compensation-under-redress-scheme-20250131-p5l8o3.html">"Victims of sexual abuse by George Pell receive compensation under redress scheme"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 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The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-p.htm#Pell">the original</a> on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cardinals+of+the+Holy+Roman+Church&rft.atitle=Pell%2C+George&rft.aulast=Miranda&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.fiu.edu%2F~mirandas%2Fbios-p.htm%23Pell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">self-published source</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2019" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Nick (26 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newcastleherald.com.au/story/5924656/george-pell-the-ambitious-australian-bulldog-the-boy-from-ballarat/">"George Pell 'the ambitious Australian bulldog': The boy from Ballarat"</a>. Newcastle Herald. Retrieved 28 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newcastle+Herald&rft.atitle=George+Pell+%27the+ambitious+Australian+bulldog%27%3A+The+boy+from+Ballarat&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newcastleherald.com.au%2Fstory%2F5924656%2Fgeorge-pell-the-ambitious-australian-bulldog-the-boy-from-ballarat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Livingstone-2004-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Livingstone-2004_13-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingstone2004" class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Tess (2004). 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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sydney.catholic.org.au/people/archbishop/biography.shtml">the original</a> on 26 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Archbishop+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft.pub=Roman+Catholic+Archdiocese+of+Sydney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydney.catholic.org.au%2Fpeople%2Farchbishop%2Fbiography.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zwartz,_Barney-2003-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zwartz,_Barney-2003_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zwartz,_Barney-2003_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwartz,_Barney2003" class="citation news cs1">Zwartz, Barney (1 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/09/30/1064819923402.html">"The inexorable rise of George Pell"</a>. The Age. Melbourne, Australia. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=The+inexorable+rise+of+George+Pell&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.au=Zwartz%2C+Barney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Farticles%2F2003%2F09%2F30%2F1064819923402.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPentin,_Edward2019" class="citation news cs1">Pentin, Edward (20 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncregister.com/blog/edward-pentin/cardinal-george-pell-a-timeline">"Cardinal George Pell: A Timeline"</a>. National Catholic Register. United States. Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Catholic+Register&rft.atitle=Cardinal+George+Pell%3A+A+Timeline&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.au=Pentin%2C+Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncregister.com%2Fblog%2Fedward-pentin%2Fcardinal-george-pell-a-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-40439549">"George Pell: Who is the cardinal convicted of sexual abuse?"</a>. BBC News. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=George+Pell%3A+Who+is+the+cardinal+convicted+of+sexual+abuse%3F&rft.date=2019-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-australia-40439549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPell1972" class="citation thesis cs1">Pell, George (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7f95de21-7c29-4496-b187-c86d658ff6fb">The Exercise of Authority in Early Christianity from about 170 to about 270</a> (DPhil dissertation thesis). University of Oxford. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/85480988">85480988</a>. Retrieved 14 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Exercise+of+Authority+in+Early+Christianity+from+about+170+to+about+270&rft.degree=DPhil+dissertation&rft.inst=University+of+Oxford&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F85480988&rft.aulast=Pell&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fora.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Fuuid%3A7f95de21-7c29-4496-b187-c86d658ff6fb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/pell-pushed-the-right-buttons-in-rome/ox20a74y5">"Pell pushed the right buttons in Rome"</a>. SBS News. 25 February 2014. 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Holy See Press Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063515/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pell_g.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pell+Card.+George&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fdocumentation%2Fcardinali_biografie%2Fcardinali_bio_pell_g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2002/12/21/0637/02035.html">"Rinunce e Nomine, 21.12.2002"</a> (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 December 2002. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,22644133-12339,00.html">the original</a> on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 7 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Heat+on+Pell+for+cool+air+on+climate+change&rft.date=2007-10-25&rft.au=Rowbotham%2C+Jill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.news.com.au%2Fstory%2F0%2C25197%2C22644133-12339%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris,_Linda2007" class="citation news cs1">Morris, Linda (25 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/news/environment/pell-out-of-touch-on-climate--bishop/2007/10/24/1192941153341.html">"Pell out of touch on climate – bishop"</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. 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The Australian. Retrieved 7 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=50+witnesses+to+be+called+in+Cardinal+George+Pell+hearing&rft.date=2017-10-07&rft.aulast=Akerman&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F50-witnesses-to-be-called-in-cardinal-george-pell-hearing%2Fnews-story%2F582aa8f0ff2a7fb9048aa411dbf04ab1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-43957330">"Cardinal Pell ordered to stand trial on sexual assault charges"</a>. BBC News. 1 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Pell+ordered+to+stand+trial+on+sexual+assault+charges&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-australia-43957330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-01/cardinal-george-pell-court-decision/9713630">Cardinal George Pell pleads not guilty to historical sexual offence charges after being committed to stand trial</a>; Australian Broadcasting Corporation </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian101-228"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian101_228-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/live/2018/may/01/cardinal-george-pell-committal-trial-historical-sexual-offence-charges-live">"Cardinal George Pell will stand trial over historical sexual offence charges – live"</a>. Guardian Australia. 1 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian+Australia&rft.atitle=Cardinal+George+Pell+will+stand+trial+over+historical+sexual+offence+charges+%E2%80%93+live&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2Flive%2F2018%2Fmay%2F01%2Fcardinal-george-pell-committal-trial-historical-sexual-offence-charges-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounger,_Emma2018" class="citation news cs1">Younger, Emma (1 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-02/cardinal-george-pell-directions-hearing/9717184">"Cardinal George Pell faces directions hearing after being committed to stand trial"</a>. Australia: ABC News. Retrieved 2 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cardinal+George+Pell+faces+directions+hearing+after+being+committed+to+stand+trial&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.au=Younger%2C+Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-05-02%2Fcardinal-george-pell-directions-hearing%2F9717184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCowie,_Tom2018" class="citation news cs1">Cowie, Tom (1 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theage.com.au/national/treated-like-any-other-accused-george-pell-s-life-of-extremes-20180501-p4zcnt.html">"Treated like any other accused: George Pell's life of extremes"</a>. The Age. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Treated+like+any+other+accused%3A+George+Pell%27s+life+of+extremes&rft.date=2018-05-01&rft.au=Cowie%2C+Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnational%2Ftreated-like-any-other-accused-george-pell-s-life-of-extremes-20180501-p4zcnt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper,_Adam2018" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Adam (2 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/national/george-pell-set-to-face-two-trials-over-historical-assault-allegations-20180502-p4zct9.html">"George Pell set to face two trials over historical assault allegations"</a>. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=George+Pell+set+to+face+two+trials+over+historical+assault+allegations&rft.date=2018-05-02&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fgeorge-pell-set-to-face-two-trials-over-historical-assault-allegations-20180502-p4zct9.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019-232">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019_232-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019_232-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019_232-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Media,_Entertainment_and_Arts_Alliance-2019_232-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pressfreedom.org.au/suppression-orders-c237df7dfee5">"Suppression orders"</a>. Media, Entertainment and Arts Alliance. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Media%2C+Entertainment+and+Arts+Alliance&rft.atitle=Suppression+orders&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpressfreedom.org.au%2Fsuppression-orders-c237df7dfee5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-suppression-233">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suppression_233-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-suppression_233-1">b</a> Suppression order: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/vic/VCC/2018/905.html">"DPP v Pell (Suppression Order) [2018] VCC 905 (25 June 2018)"</a>. Austlii. Retrieved 29 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Austlii&rft.atitle=DPP+v+Pell+%28Suppression+Order%29+%5B2018%5D+VCC+905+%2825+June+2018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fviewdoc%2Fau%2Fcases%2Fvic%2FVCC%2F2018%2F905.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChief_Judge_Kidd2018" class="citation web cs1">Chief Judge Kidd (25 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaelsmithnews.typepad.com/.a/6a0177444b0c2e970d022ad380e7db200c-800wi">"Proceeding Suppression Order (page 1)"</a>. County Court of Victoria. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proceeding+Suppression+Order+%28page+1%29&rft.pub=County+Court+of+Victoria&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft.au=Chief+Judge+Kidd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichaelsmithnews.typepad.com%2F.a%2F6a0177444b0c2e970d022ad380e7db200c-800wi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChief_Judge_Kidd2018" class="citation web cs1">Chief Judge Kidd (25 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michaelsmithnews.typepad.com/.a/6a0177444b0c2e970d022ad380e7d7200c-800wi">"Proceeding Suppression Order (page 2)"</a>. County Court of Victoria. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Proceeding+Suppression+Order+%28page+2%29&rft.pub=County+Court+of+Victoria&rft.date=2018-06-25&rft.au=Chief+Judge+Kidd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichaelsmithnews.typepad.com%2F.a%2F6a0177444b0c2e970d022ad380e7d7200c-800wi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Younger-2019-234">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Younger-2019_234-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Younger-2019_234-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYounger2019" class="citation news cs1">Younger, Emma (27 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-26/george-pell-trial-why-cardinal-court-case-held-in-secret/10233118">"George Pell's trial for child sexual abuse was held in secret. This is why"</a>. ABC News. Retrieved 24 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=George+Pell%27s+trial+for+child+sexual+abuse+was+held+in+secret.+This+is+why&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Younger&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-02-26%2Fgeorge-pell-trial-why-cardinal-court-case-held-in-secret%2F10233118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/aug/04/defending-george-pell-i-believe-pells-a-good-man">"Defending George Pell: 'I believe Pell's a good man'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 3 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Defending+George+Pell%3A+%27I+believe+Pell%27s+a+good+man%27&rft.date=2020-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2020%2Faug%2F04%2Fdefending-george-pell-i-believe-pells-a-good-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/feb/27/inside-the-pell-trial-we-sat-in-court-for-months-forbidden-from-reporting-a-word">Inside the Pell trial: we sat in court for months, forbidden from reporting a word</a>; The Guardian.co; 27 February 2019 </li> <li id="cite_note-guilty_verdict-237"><a href="#cite_ref-guilty_verdict_237-0">^</a> Guilty verdict: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215230726/https://www.catholicregister.org/home/international/item/28607-australia-s-cardinal-pell-found-guilty-of-sex-abuse-expected-to-appeal">"Australia's Cardinal Pell found guilty of sex abuse, expected to appeal"</a>. Catholic Register. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicregister.org/home/international/item/28607-australia-s-cardinal-pell-found-guilty-of-sex-abuse-expected-to-appeal">the original</a> on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Register&rft.atitle=Australia%27s+Cardinal+Pell+found+guilty+of+sex+abuse%2C+expected+to+appeal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicregister.org%2Fhome%2Finternational%2Fitem%2F28607-australia-s-cardinal-pell-found-guilty-of-sex-abuse-expected-to-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2018/12/12/cardinal-pell-top-advisor-pope-francis-found-guilty-historical-sexual-offenses">"Cardinal Pell, top advisor to Pope Francis, found guilty of 'historical sexual offenses'"</a>. America Magazine. 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America+Magazine&rft.atitle=Cardinal+Pell%2C+top+advisor+to+Pope+Francis%2C+found+guilty+of+%27historical+sexual+offenses%27&rft.date=2018-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2018%2F12%2F12%2Fcardinal-pell-top-advisor-pope-francis-found-guilty-historical-sexual-offenses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCondon" class="citation web cs1">Condon, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/40129/reports-of-pell-guilty-verdict-emerge-despite-gag-order">"Reports of Pell guilty verdict emerge, despite gag order"</a>. Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reports+of+Pell+guilty+verdict+emerge%2C+despite+gag+order&rft.aulast=Condon&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholicnewsagency.com%2Fnews%2F40129%2Freports-of-pell-guilty-verdict-emerge-despite-gag-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarhl2018" class="citation news cs1">Farhl, Paul (13 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/an-australian-courts-gag-order-is-no-match-for-the-internet-as-word-gets-out-about-prominent-cardinals-conviction/2018/12/13/5137005c-fef5-11e8-83c0-b06139e540e5_story.html">"An Australian court's gag order is no match for the Internet, as word gets out about prominent cardinal's conviction"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=An+Australian+court%27s+gag+order+is+no+match+for+the+Internet%2C+as+word+gets+out+about+prominent+cardinal%27s+conviction&rft.date=2018-12-13&rft.aulast=Farhl&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2Fan-australian-courts-gag-order-is-no-match-for-the-internet-as-word-gets-out-about-prominent-cardinals-conviction%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2F5137005c-fef5-11e8-83c0-b06139e540e5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCartwright2018" class="citation news cs1">Cartwright, Lachlan (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/vatican-no-3-cardinal-george-pell-on-trial-for-historical-child-sex-charges">"Vatican No. 3 Cardinal George Pell Convicted on Charges He Sexually Abused Choir Boys"</a>. The Daily Beast. Retrieved 16 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Vatican+No.+3+Cardinal+George+Pell+Convicted+on+Charges+He+Sexually+Abused+Choir+Boys&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Lachlan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fvatican-no-3-cardinal-george-pell-on-trial-for-historical-child-sex-charges&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaveAlbeck-Ripka2019" class="citation news cs1">Cave, Damien; Albeck-Ripka, Livia (13 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/reader-center/cardinal-pell-sex-abuse-reporting.html">"How We Reported on the Cardinal Pell Sex Abuse Case That for Months Was Kept Secret From the Public"</a>. The New York Times. 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The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 9 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=Correction+to+Greg+Craven%27s+column+in+The+Australian&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabout.abc.net.au%2Fcorrecting-the-record%2Fcorrection-to-greg-cravens-column-in-the-australian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Meade2020" class="citation news cs1">Amanda Meade (9 April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/apr/09/abc-to-re-edit-and-restore-george-pell-episode-of-revelation-as-news-corp-goes-on-attack">"ABC to re-edit and restore George Pell episode of Revelation as News Corp goes on attack"</a>. 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The Australian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=Media+outlets+fined+%241m+over+Pell+reports&rft.date=2021-06-05&rft.aulast=Akerman&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fmedia-outlets-fined-more-than-1m-over-cardinal-george-pell-reporting%2Fnews-story%2F22b2c7ddad0ed087c868890ae473ee5c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> (subscription required)</li> <li>The Queen v The Herald & Weekly Times Pty Ltd <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/vic/VSC/2021/253.html">[2021] VSC 253</a>.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-24/catholic-church-george-pell-court-case-can-continue/101366566">"Catholic Church suffers setback as court rules lawsuit brought by Pell accuser's father can continue"</a>. ABC News. 24 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Catholic+Church+suffers+setback+as+court+rules+lawsuit+brought+by+Pell+accuser%27s+father+can+continue&rft.date=2022-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2022-08-24%2Fcatholic-church-george-pell-court-case-can-continue%2F101366566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolovos2023" class="citation news cs1">Kolovos, Benita (12 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/jan/11/father-of-ex-choirboy-who-george-pell-was-accused-of-abusing-will-proceed-with-victorian-lawsuit">"Father of ex-choirboy who George Pell was accused of abusing will proceed with Victorian lawsuit"</a>. The Guardian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Father+of+ex-choirboy+who+George+Pell+was+accused+of+abusing+will+proceed+with+Victorian+lawsuit&rft.date=2023-01-12&rft.aulast=Kolovos&rft.aufirst=Benita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2023%2Fjan%2F11%2Ffather-of-ex-choirboy-who-george-pell-was-accused-of-abusing-will-proceed-with-victorian-lawsuit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Associated_Press2023" class="citation web cs1">Australian Associated Press (8 August 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2023/aug/08/george-pell-child-abuse-allegations-melbourne-catholic-church-lawsuit-seeking-to-stop-appeal">"Catholic church seeks to stop family's lawsuit over George Pell child abuse allegations"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catholic+church+seeks+to+stop+family%27s+lawsuit+over+George+Pell+child+abuse+allegations&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.au=Australian+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2023%2Faug%2F08%2Fgeorge-pell-child-abuse-allegations-melbourne-catholic-church-lawsuit-seeking-to-stop-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Associated_Press2024" class="citation web cs1">Australian Associated Press (8 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/08/catholic-church-loses-high-court-bid-to-prevent-father-of-george-pell-accuser-suing-for-damages">"Catholic church loses high court bid to prevent father of alleged victim of George Pell suing for damages"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 27 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Catholic+church+loses+high+court+bid+to+prevent+father+of+alleged+victim+of+George+Pell+suing+for+damages&rft.date=2024-02-08&rft.au=Australian+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2024%2Ffeb%2F08%2Fcatholic-church-loses-high-court-bid-to-prevent-father-of-george-pell-accuser-suing-for-damages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1135850">"PELL, Eminence Cardinal George: Companion of the Order of Australia"</a>. It's an Honour. Australian Government. 13 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129122941/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1135850">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=It%27s+an+Honour&rft.atitle=PELL%2C+Eminence+Cardinal+George%3A+Companion+of+the+Order+of+Australia&rft.date=2005-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F1135850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMonAC-Trial-290"><a href="#cite_ref-PMonAC-Trial_290-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarp2019" class="citation news cs1">Karp, Paul (27 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2019/feb/27/pm-to-strip-george-pell-of-order-of-australia-if-cardinal-loses-appeal">"PM to strip George Pell of Order of Australia honour if cardinal loses appeal"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 1 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=PM+to+strip+George+Pell+of+Order+of+Australia+honour+if+cardinal+loses+appeal&rft.date=2019-02-27&rft.aulast=Karp&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2019%2Ffeb%2F27%2Fpm-to-strip-george-pell-of-order-of-australia-if-cardinal-loses-appeal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AC_GG_won't_revoke_ABC-291"><a href="#cite_ref-AC_GG_won't_revoke_ABC_291-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-21/cardinal-george-pell-child-sex-abuse-convictions-appeal-decision/11432066">"Governor-General won't revoke honours before Pell's legal bids 'run their course'"</a>. ABC News. 21 August 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor-General+won%27t+revoke+honours+before+Pell%27s+legal+bids+%27run+their+course%27&rft.pub=ABC+News&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2019-08-21%2Fcardinal-george-pell-child-sex-abuse-convictions-appeal-decision%2F11432066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CT20190821-292"><a href="#cite_ref-CT20190821_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCulloch,_Daniel2019" class="citation news cs1">McCulloch, Daniel (21 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/6340417/george-pells-australian-honours-in-doubt/?cs=14231">"George Pell's Australian honours in doubt"</a>. The Canberra Times. Retrieved 21 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=George+Pell%27s+Australian+honours+in+doubt&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.au=McCulloch%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canberratimes.com.au%2Fstory%2F6340417%2Fgeorge-pells-australian-honours-in-doubt%2F%3Fcs%3D14231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1135850">"Pell, George: Centenary Medal"</a>. It's an Honour. Australian Government. 1 January 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129122941/https://honours.pmc.gov.au/honours/awards/1135850">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 24 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=It%27s+an+Honour&rft.atitle=Pell%2C+George%3A+Centenary+Medal&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F1135850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228160504/http://st-lazarus.org.au/pdf/CARDINAL%20GEORGE%20PELL%20bio.pdf">"Cardinal George Pell, EGCLJ GCMLJ"</a> (PDF). Grand Priory of Australia, a Jurisdiction of the Military and Hospitaller <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Lazarus" title="Order of Saint Lazarus">Order of Saint Lazarus</a> of Jerusalem. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-lazarus.org.au/pdf/CARDINAL%20GEORGE%20PELL%20bio.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 24 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cardinal+George+Pell%2C+EGCLJ+GCMLJ&rft.pub=Grand+Priory+of+Australia%2C+a+Jurisdiction+of+the+Military+and+Hospitaller+Order+of+Saint+Lazarus+of+Jerusalem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st-lazarus.org.au%2Fpdf%2FCARDINAL%2520GEORGE%2520PELL%2520bio.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Tess (2002). George Pell. Potts Point, New South Wales: Duffy & Snellgrove. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-876631-52-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-876631-52-9"><bdi>978-1-876631-52-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Pell&rft.place=Potts+Point%2C+New+South+Wales&rft.pub=Duffy+%26+Snellgrove&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-876631-52-9&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+Tess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Livingstone, Tess (2004). George Pell: defender of the faith down under (American ed.). United States: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-984-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89870-984-1"><bdi>978-0-89870-984-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Pell%3A+defender+of+the+faith+down+under&rft.place=United+States&rft.edition=American&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-89870-984-1&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+Tess&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Marr_(journalist)" title="David Marr (journalist)">Marr, David</a> (2013). The Prince: Faith, Abuse and George Pell. Vol. 51. Carlton, Victoria: <a href="/wiki/Schwartz_Publishing" title="Schwartz Publishing">Black Inc. Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-863-95616-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-863-95616-1"><bdi>978-1-863-95616-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prince%3A+Faith%2C+Abuse+and+George+Pell&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Victoria&rft.pub=Black+Inc.+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-863-95616-1&rft.aulast=Marr&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|periodical=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Milligan, Louise (2017). Cardinal: the rise and fall of George Pell. Melbourne: Melbourne University Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-522-87135-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-522-87135-7"><bdi>978-0-522-87135-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cardinal%3A+the+rise+and+fall+of+George+Pell&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-522-87135-7&rft.au=Milligan%2C+Louise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Morris-Marr, Lucie; <a href="/wiki/Chrissie_Foster" title="Chrissie Foster">Foster, Chrissie</a> (2019). Fallen: the inside story of the secret trial and conviction of Cardinal George Pell. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-76087-605-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-76087-605-0"><bdi>978-1-76087-605-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fallen%3A+the+inside+story+of+the+secret+trial+and+conviction+of+Cardinal+George+Pell&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-76087-605-0&rft.au=Morris-Marr%2C+Lucie&rft.au=Foster%2C+Chrissie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1">Wang, Jessica (11 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theaustralian.com.au/breaking-news/george-pell-death-from-jail-to-release-a-timeline-of-the-cardinals-biggest-controversies/news-story/a3fe35819f5e804240087486b7c9b541">"George Pell death: From jail to release, a timeline of the Cardinal's biggest controversies"</a>. The Australian.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Australian&rft.atitle=George+Pell+death%3A+From+jail+to+release%2C+a+timeline+of+the+Cardinal%27s+biggest+controversies&rft.date=2023-01-11&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theaustralian.com.au%2Fbreaking-news%2Fgeorge-pell-death-from-jail-to-release-a-timeline-of-the-cardinals-biggest-controversies%2Fnews-story%2Fa3fe35819f5e804240087486b7c9b541&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse - (2017a) - Report of Case Study No. 28 - Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat</li> <li>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse - (2017b) - Report of Case Study No. 35 - Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne</li> <li>Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse - (2015) - Report of Case Study No. 16 - The Melbourne Response</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:George_Pell" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:George Pell">George Pell</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/George_Pell" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/George Pell">George Pell</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pell_g.html">"Pell Card. George"</a>. Holy See Press Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063515/http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_pell_g.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pell+Card.+George&rft.pub=Holy+See+Press+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fdocumentation%2Fcardinali_biografie%2Fcardinali_bio_pell_g.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sydneycatholic.org/past-bishops/#archbishops">"Cardinal George Pell"</a>. Biography. Archdiocese of Sydney.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Cardinal+George+Pell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sydneycatholic.org%2Fpast-bishops%2F%23archbishops&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Pell" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Marion_Francis_Forst" title="Marion Francis Forst">Marion Francis Forst</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">— TITULAR — <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Scala" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Scala">Titular Bishop of Scala</a> 30 March 1987 – 16 July 1996 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Joseph_Adams" title="Edward Joseph Adams">Edward Joseph Adams</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(bishop)" title="Frank Little (bishop)">Frank Little</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Melbourne" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne">Archbishop of Melbourne</a> 16 July 1996 – 26 March 2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hart" title="Denis Hart">Denis James Hart</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Clancy_(cardinal)" title="Edward Clancy (cardinal)">Edward Bede Clancy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bishops_and_Archbishops_of_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Bishops and Archbishops of Sydney">Archbishop of Sydney</a> 26 March 2001 – 24 February 2014 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Colin Fisher</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Antonio_Velasco_Garc%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignacio Antonio Velasco García">Ignacio Antonio Velasco García</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_Domenica_Mazzarello,_Rome" title="Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello, Rome">Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Domenica Mazzarello</a> 21 October 2003 – 10 January 2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Brislin" title="Stephen Brislin">Stephen Brislin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New dicastery </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Secretariat_for_the_Economy" title="Secretariat for the Economy">Prefect of the Secretariat for the Economy</a> 24 February 2014 – 24 February 2019 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Guerrero_Alves" title="Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves">Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a> of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_archbishops_of_Sydney" title="List of Roman Catholic archbishops of Sydney">Sydney</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Apostolic Vicars of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bede_Polding" title="John Bede Polding">John Bede Polding</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Sydney.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1367" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Bishops of Sydney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bede_Polding" title="John Bede Polding">John Bede Polding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Archbishops of Sydney</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bede_Polding" title="John Bede Polding">John Bede Polding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Vaughan_(archbishop)" title="Roger Vaughan (archbishop)">Roger Vaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Francis_Moran" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Francis Moran">Patrick Francis Moran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kelly_(bishop)" title="Michael Kelly (bishop)">Michael Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Gilroy" title="Norman Gilroy">Norman Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Darcy_Freeman" title="James Darcy Freeman">James Darcy Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Clancy_(cardinal)" title="Edward Clancy (cardinal)">Edward Clancy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Pell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fisher" title="Anthony Fisher">Anthony Fisher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Coadjutor archbishop</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheehan_(Coadjutor_Archbishop_of_Sydney)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Sheehan (Coadjutor Archbishop of Sydney)">Michael Sheehan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Auxiliary bishops, current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Meagher_(bishop)" title="Danny Meagher (bishop)">Danny Meagher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Umbers_(bishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Umbers (bishop)">Richard Umbers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Auxiliary bishops, former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Higgins_(bishop)" title="Joseph Higgins (bishop)">Joseph Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_O%27Brien" title="Eris O'Brien">Eris O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Lyons" title="Patrick Lyons">Patrick Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Muldoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Muldoon (page does not exist)">Thomas Muldoon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Kelly_(Australian_bishop)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Kelly (Australian bishop) (page does not exist)">Edward Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cremin" title="David Cremin">David Cremin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede_Heather" class="mw-redirect" title="Bede Heather">Bede Heather</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Heaps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Heaps (page does not exist)">John Heaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Murphy_(bishop)" title="Patrick Murphy (bishop)">Patrick Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Robinson_(bishop)" title="Geoffrey Robinson (bishop)">Geoffrey Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ingham_(bishop)" title="Peter Ingham (bishop)">Peter Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Porteous" title="Julian Porteous">Julian Porteous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Comensoli" title="Peter Comensoli">Peter Comensoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Randazzo" title="Anthony Randazzo">Anthony Randazzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Brady_(bishop)" title="Terence Brady (bishop)">Terence Brady</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" 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(archbishop of Melbourne)">Thomas Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Mannix" title="Daniel Mannix">Daniel Mannix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Simonds" title="Justin Simonds">Justin Simonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Knox" title="James Knox">James Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(bishop)" title="Frank Little (bishop)">Frank Little</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Pell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Hart" title="Denis Hart">Denis Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Comensoli" title="Peter Comensoli">Peter Comensoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012022427X">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/23928205">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/430793/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJbWvccyXkt6bYrwVpBkjC">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/173556078">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n99021218">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV092577">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35835540">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jcu2011638056&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/1535375965823">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000329334&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200801112">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810560478805606">Poland</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/358189">Vatican</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007321064105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/573540">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/173556078">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/19167561X">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Pell&oldid=1276896022">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Pell&oldid=1276896022</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companions_of_the_Order_of_Australia" title="Category:Companions of the Order of Australia">Companions of the Order of Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1941_births" title="Category:1941 births">1941 births</a></li><li><a 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