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<span>Humans</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Humans-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Humans subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Humans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Contents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Chest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Bones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Injury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Injury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Pain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-cardiac_causes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-cardiac_causes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.1</span> <span>Non-cardiac causes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-cardiac_causes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atelectasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atelectasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Atelectasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atelectasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pneumothorax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pneumothorax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Pneumothorax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pneumothorax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tetrapods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tetrapods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tetrapods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tetrapods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arthropods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arthropods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arthropods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arthropods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thorax</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bors" title="Bors – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bors" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="صدر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صدر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rax" title="Tórax – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tórax" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%95%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܚܕܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܕܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rax" title="Tórax – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tórax" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyti%27a" title="Pyti'a – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pyti'a" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Керен – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Керен" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toraks" title="Toraks – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Toraks" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7" title="বক্ষ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বক্ষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada" title="Dada – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Dada" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heng-kh%C3%A1m" title="Heng-khám – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Heng-khám" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toraks" title="Toraks – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Toraks" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Гръден кош – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гръден кош" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82" title="བྲང་ཁོག – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྲང་ཁོག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruched" title="Bruched – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bruched" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B2rax" title="Tòrax – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tòrax" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrudn%C3%ADk" title="Hrudník – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hrudník" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipfuva" title="Chipfuva – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chipfuva" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chifu%C5%B5a" title="Chifuŵa – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Chifuŵa" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracs" title="Thoracs – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thoracs" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brust" title="Brust – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brust" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rind" title="Rind – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rind" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Θώρακας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θώρακας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rax" title="Tórax – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tórax" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brusto" title="Brusto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brusto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torax" title="Torax – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Torax" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87" title="سینه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سینه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thorax" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3racs" title="Tóracs – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tóracs" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleeau" title="Cleeau – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cleeau" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broilleach" title="Broilleach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Broilleach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peito" title="Peito – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peito" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%B8" title="胸 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="胸" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%C3%BBng-th%C3%B2ng" title="Hiûng-thòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hiûng-thòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%8A%B4" title="가슴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가슴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D6%80%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Կրծքավանդակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կրծքավանդակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="छाती – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="छाती" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prsa" title="Prsa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prsa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duhelo" title="Duhelo – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Duhelo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torako" title="Torako – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Torako" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toraks" title="Toraks – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Toraks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frambolur" title="Frambolur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frambolur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torace" title="Torace – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Torace" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%96%D7%94" title="בית החזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית החזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81" title="ಎದೆಗೂಡು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎದೆಗೂಡು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salu" title="Salu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Salu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%96%D9%86%DB%81%D9%95" title="سیٖنہٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سیٖنہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Көкірек – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Көкірек" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kifua" title="Kifua – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kifua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AEng" title="Sîng – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sîng" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA" title="Көкүрөк – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Көкүрөк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Хъазам – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Хъазам" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thorax" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%AB%C5%A1kurvis" title="Krūškurvis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krūškurvis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broscht" title="Broscht – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Broscht" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABtin%C4%97" title="Krūtinė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krūtinė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bont%C3%B3lo" title="Bontólo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bontólo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torax" title="Torax – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Torax" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mellkas" title="Mellkas – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mellkas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratra" title="Tratra – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tratra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="തൊറാക്സ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തൊറാക്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%87" title="سنه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سنه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toraks" title="Toraks – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Toraks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ADng-g%C4%83ng" title="Sĭng-găng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĭng-găng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borstkas" title="Borstkas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Borstkas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="छाती – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="छाती" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE" title="नुगःपा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नुगःपा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%B8" title="胸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="胸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thorax" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torax" title="Torax – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Torax" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BF" title="ଛାତି – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଛାତି" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoma" title="Qoma – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qoma" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95" title="ਹਿੱਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੱਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BC%D9%BC%D8%B1" title="ټټر – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ټټر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bost_(Liev)" title="Bost (Liev) – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bost (Liev)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%C5%82%C3%B3w_stawonog%C3%B3w" title="Tułów stawonogów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tułów stawonogów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3rax" title="Tórax – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tórax" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qhasqu" title="Qhasqu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Qhasqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_(%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Торакс (зоология) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Торакс (зоология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/baluwang" title="baluwang – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="baluwang" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%83%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="वक्षःस्थलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वक्षःस्थलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraharori" title="Kraharori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kraharori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thorax" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hru%C4%8F" title="Hruď – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hruď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprsje" title="Oprsje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Oprsje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laab" title="Laab – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Laab" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سینگ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سینگ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Thorax" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prsni_ko%C5%A1" title="Prsni koš – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prsni koš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rinta" title="Rinta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rinta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%B6st" title="Bröst – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bröst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toraks" title="Toraks – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Toraks" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மார்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மார்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idmaren" title="Idmaren – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Idmaren" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9B%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%80" title="ఛాతీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఛాతీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="อก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6%C4%9F%C3%BCs" title="Göğüs – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Göğüs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fi%CC%B1ri%CC%B1ng" title="Fi̱ri̱ng – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Fi̱ri̱ng" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Frontal part of an animal's body, between its head and abdomen</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the anatomy concept. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thorax_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thorax (disambiguation)">Thorax (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Chest" redirects here. For the furniture used for storage, see <a href="/wiki/Chest_(furniture)" title="Chest (furniture)">Chest (furniture)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Chest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Chest (disambiguation)">Chest (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:dimgray; color: white">Thorax<br />Chest</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chest.jpg/250px-Chest.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chest.jpg/375px-Chest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chest.jpg/500px-Chest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="755" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">X-ray image of the human chest showing the internal anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Rib_cage" title="Rib cage">rib cage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> as well as the inferior thoracic border–made up of the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png/250px-Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="400" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png/375px-Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png/500px-Surface_projections_of_the_organs_of_the_trunk.png 2x" data-file-width="1583" data-file-height="2533" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Surface projections of the organs of the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">trunk</a>, with the thorax or chest region seen stretching down to approximately the end of the <a href="/wiki/Oblique_lung_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblique lung fissure">oblique lung fissure</a> anteriorly, but more deeply its lower limit rather corresponds to the upper border of the liver.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>thorax</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>θώραξ</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013909">D013909</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.014%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A01.1.00.014</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=125">125</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma9576">9576</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9645" class="extiw" title="d:Q9645">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>thorax</b> (<abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr>: <b>thoraces</b> or <b>thoraxes</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>chest</b> is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> of mammals and other <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">tetrapod</a> animals located between the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>, and the extinct <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobites</a>, the thorax is one of the three main <a href="/wiki/Tagma_(biology)" title="Tagma (biology)">divisions</a> of the body, each in turn composed of multiple segments. </p><p>The human thorax includes the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">thoracic cavity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_wall" title="Thoracic wall">thoracic wall</a>. It contains organs including the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">thymus</a> gland, as well as muscles and various other internal structures. Many diseases may affect the chest, and one of the most common symptoms is <a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">chest pain</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Male_Thorax.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_Thorax.jpg/220px-Male_Thorax.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Male_Thorax.jpg/330px-Male_Thorax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Male_Thorax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>22-year-old male chest and nipples</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word thorax comes from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> θώραξ <i>thṓrax</i> "<a href="/wiki/Breastplate" title="Breastplate">breastplate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuirass" title="Cuirass">cuirass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corslet" title="Corslet">corslet</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> via <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">thorax</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humans">Humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In humans and other <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">hominids</a>, the thorax is the chest region of the body between the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">abdomen</a>, along with its internal <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a> and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the <a href="/wiki/Rib_cage" title="Rib cage">rib cage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">spine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pectoral_girdle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoral girdle">shoulder girdle</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Contents">Contents</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">Thoracic cavity</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chest_labeled.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chest_labeled.png/220px-Chest_labeled.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chest_labeled.png/330px-Chest_labeled.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Chest_labeled.png/440px-Chest_labeled.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> of a human chest area, with some structures labeled</figcaption></figure> <p>The contents of the thorax include the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a> (and the <a href="/wiki/Thymus" title="Thymus">thymus</a> gland); the <a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoralis major muscle">major</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_minor_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Pectoralis minor muscle">minor</a> pectoral muscles, <a href="/wiki/Trapezius_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapezius muscle">trapezius muscles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> muscle; and internal structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Esophagus" title="Esophagus">esophagus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trachea" title="Trachea">trachea</a>, and a part of the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Xiphoid_process" title="Xiphoid process">xiphoid process</a>. Arteries and veins are also contained – (<a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_vena_cava" title="Superior vena cava">superior vena cava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_vena_cava" title="Inferior vena cava">inferior vena cava</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">pulmonary artery</a>); <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a> (the shoulder socket containing the upper part of the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_sternum" class="mw-redirect" title="Human sternum">sternum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_vertebrae" title="Thoracic vertebrae">thoracic portion of the spine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collarbone" class="mw-redirect" title="Collarbone">collarbone</a>, and the rib cage and <a href="/wiki/Floating_rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating rib">floating ribs</a>). </p><p>External structures are the <a href="/wiki/Human_skin" title="Human skin">skin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipples</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chest">Chest</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a>, the region of the thorax between the <a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">neck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a> in the front of the body is called the chest. The corresponding area in an animal can also be referred to as the chest. </p><p>The shape of the chest does not correspond to that part of the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_skeleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic skeleton">thoracic skeleton</a> that encloses the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lungs" class="mw-redirect" title="Lungs">lungs</a>. All the breadth of the shoulders is due to the shoulder girdle, and contains the <a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">axillae</a> and the heads of the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humeri</a>. In the middle line the <a href="/wiki/Suprasternal_notch" title="Suprasternal notch">suprasternal notch</a> is seen above, while about three fingers' breadth below it a transverse ridge can be felt, which is known as the <a href="/wiki/Sternal_angle" title="Sternal angle">sternal angle</a> and this marks the junction between the manubrium and body of the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a>. Level with this line the second ribs join the sternum, and when these are found the lower ribs can often be counted. At the lower part of the sternum, where the seventh or last true ribs join it, the <a href="/wiki/Ensiform_cartilage" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensiform cartilage">ensiform cartilage</a> begins, and above this there is often a depression known as the pit of the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bones">Bones</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bones of the thorax, called the "thoracic skeleton" is a component of the <a href="/wiki/Axial_skeleton" title="Axial skeleton">axial skeleton</a>. </p><p>It consists of the <a href="/wiki/Ribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ribs">ribs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_sternum" class="mw-redirect" title="Human sternum">sternum</a>. The ribs of the thorax are numbered in ascending order from 1–12. 11 and 12 are known as floating ribs because they have no anterior attachment point in particular the cartilage attached to the sternum, as 1 through 7 are, and therefore are termed "floating".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas ribs 8 through 10 are termed false ribs as their costal cartilage articulates with the costal cartilage of the rib above. The thorax bones also have the main function of protecting the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels in the thorax area, such as the <a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">aorta</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anatomy of the chest can also be described through the use of <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomical landmark">anatomical landmarks</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">nipple</a> in the male is situated in front of the fourth rib or a little below; vertically it lies a little external to a line drawn down from the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Clavicle" title="Clavicle">clavicle</a>; in the female it is not so constant. A little below it the lower limit of the great pectoral muscle is seen running upward and outward to the axilla; in the female this is obscured by the <a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">breast</a>, which extends from the second to the sixth rib vertically and from the edge of the sternum to the mid-axillary line laterally. The female nipple is surrounded for half an inch by a more or less pigmented disc, the <a href="/wiki/Areola" title="Areola">areola</a>. The apex of a normal heart is in the fifth left intercostal space, three and a half inches from the mid-line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scrollable_high-resolution_computed_tomography_images_of_a_normal_thorax" title="commons:Scrollable high-resolution computed tomography images of a normal thorax"><img resource="/wiki/File:High-resolution_computed_tomographs_of_a_normal_thorax_(thumbnail).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/High-resolution_computed_tomographs_of_a_normal_thorax_%28thumbnail%29.jpg/220px-High-resolution_computed_tomographs_of_a_normal_thorax_%28thumbnail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/High-resolution_computed_tomographs_of_a_normal_thorax_%28thumbnail%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="228" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/High-resolution_computed_tomography" title="High-resolution computed tomography">High-resolution computed tomographs</a> of a normal thorax, taken in the <a href="/wiki/Axial_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Axial plane">axial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coronal_plane" title="Coronal plane">coronal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sagittal_plane" title="Sagittal plane">sagittal planes</a>, respectively. <div class="noprint"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scrollable_high-resolution_computed_tomography_images_of_a_normal_thorax" class="extiw" title="commons:Scrollable high-resolution computed tomography images of a normal thorax">Click here to scroll through the image stacks.</a></div> This type of investigation can be used for detecting both acute and chronic changes in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a> parenchyma.</figcaption></figure> <p>Different types of <a href="/wiki/Diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Diseases">diseases</a> or conditions that affect the chest include <a href="/wiki/Pleurisy" title="Pleurisy">pleurisy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flail_chest" title="Flail chest">flail chest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atelectasis" title="Atelectasis">atelectasis</a>, and the most common condition, chest pain. These conditions can be hereditary or caused by <a href="/wiki/Birth_defects" class="mw-redirect" title="Birth defects">birth defects</a> or <a href="/wiki/Trauma_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trauma (medicine)">trauma</a>. Any condition that lowers the ability to either breathe deeply or to <a href="/wiki/Cough" title="Cough">cough</a> is considered a chest disease or condition. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Injury">Injury</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Injury to the chest (also referred to as chest trauma, thoracic injury, or thoracic trauma) results in up to <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span> of all deaths due to <a href="/wiki/Physical_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical trauma">trauma</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major <a href="/wiki/Pathophysiology" title="Pathophysiology">pathophysiologies</a> encountered in blunt chest trauma involve derangements in the flow of air, blood, or both in combination. Sepsis due to leakage of alimentary tract contents, as in esophageal perforations, also must be considered. Blunt trauma commonly results in chest wall injuries (e.g., rib fractures). The pain associated with these injuries can make breathing difficult, and this may compromise ventilation. Direct lung injuries, such as pulmonary contusions (see the image below), are frequently associated with major chest trauma and may impair ventilation by a similar mechanism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pain">Pain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">Chest pain</a> can be the result of multiple issues, including <a href="/wiki/Respiratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory">respiratory</a> problems, <a href="/wiki/Digestion" title="Digestion">digestive</a> issues, and <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculoskeletal">musculoskeletal</a> complications. The pain can trigger cardiac issues as well. Not all pain that is felt is associated with the heart, but it should not be taken lightly either. Symptoms can be different depending on the cause of the pain.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While cardiac issues cause feelings of sudden pressure in the chest or a crushing pain in the back, neck, and arms, pain that is felt due to noncardiac issues gives a burning feeling along the digestive tract or pain when deep breaths are attempted. Different people feel pains differently for the same condition. Only a patient truly knows if the symptoms are mild or serious. </p><p>Chest pain may be a symptom of <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarctions" class="mw-redirect" title="Myocardial infarctions">myocardial infarctions</a> ('heart attack'). If this condition is present in the body, discomfort will be felt in the chest that is similar to a heavy weight placed on the body. Sweating, shortness of breath, <a href="/wiki/Lightheadedness" title="Lightheadedness">lightheadedness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_dysrhythmia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac dysrhythmia">irregular heartbeat</a> may also be experienced. If a heart attack occurs, the bulk of the damage is caused during the first six hours, so getting the proper treatment as quickly as possible is important. Some people, especially those who are elderly or have diabetes, may not have typical chest pain but may have many of the other symptoms of a heart attack. It is important that these patients and their caregivers have a good understanding of heart attack symptoms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Non-cardiac_causes">Non-cardiac causes</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Non-cardiac causes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just like with a heart attack, not all chest pain is caused by conditions involving the <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a>. Chest wall pain can be experienced after an increase in activity. Persons who add exercise to their daily routine generally feel this type of pain at the beginning.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is important to monitor the pain to ensure that it is not a sign of something more serious. Pain can also be experienced in persons who have an upper respiratory <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a>. This virus is also accompanied by a fever and cough. <a href="/wiki/Shingles" title="Shingles">Shingles</a> is another viral infection that can give symptoms of chest or rib pain before a rash develops. Injuries to the rib cage or sternum is also a common cause of chest pain. It is generally felt when deep breaths are taken or during a cough. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Atelectasis">Atelectasis</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Atelectasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another non-cardiac cause of chest pain is <a href="/wiki/Atelectasis" title="Atelectasis">atelectasis</a>. It is a condition that occurs when a portion of the lung collapses from being airless. When bronchial tubes are blocked, this condition develops and causes patients to feel shortness of breath. The most common cause of atelectasis is when a bronchi that extends from the windpipe is blocked and traps air. The blockage may be caused by something inside the <a href="/wiki/Bronchus" title="Bronchus">bronchus</a>, such as a plug of mucus, a <a href="/wiki/Tumour" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumour">tumour</a>, or an inhaled foreign object such as a coin, piece of food, or a toy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible for something outside of the bronchus to cause the blockage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pneumothorax">Pneumothorax</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Pneumothorax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">Pneumothorax</a> is the condition where air or gas can build up in the <a href="/wiki/Pleural" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleural">pleural</a> space. It can occur without a known cause or as the result of a lung disease or acute lung injury.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The size of the pneumothorax changes as air or gas builds up, so a medical procedure can release the pressure with a needle. If it is untreated, blood flow can be interrupted and cause a drop in blood pressure known as tension pneumothorax. It is possible for smaller cases to clear up on their own. Symptoms of this condition are often felt only on one side of the lung or as a shortness of breath. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images">Images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3D_CT_of_thorax,_annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volume rendering of a high resolution computed tomography of the thorax. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation."><img alt="Volume rendering of a high resolution computed tomography of the thorax. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the root of the lung have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the pulmonary circulation." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/164px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/246px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg/328px-3D_CT_of_thorax%2C_annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1544" data-file-height="1131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Volume_rendering" title="Volume rendering">Volume rendering</a> of a <a href="/wiki/High_resolution_computed_tomography" class="mw-redirect" title="High resolution computed tomography">high resolution computed tomography</a> of the thorax. The anterior thoracic wall, the airways and the pulmonary vessels anterior to the <a href="/wiki/Root_of_the_lung" title="Root of the lung">root of the lung</a> have been digitally removed in order to visualize the different levels of the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_circulation" title="Pulmonary circulation">pulmonary circulation</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2DENNO.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thorax. Anterior view."><img alt="Thorax. Anterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slide2DENNO.JPG/160px-Slide2DENNO.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slide2DENNO.JPG/240px-Slide2DENNO.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Slide2DENNO.JPG/320px-Slide2DENNO.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thorax. Anterior view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2DENNNO.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Thorax. Anterior view."><img alt="Thorax. Anterior view." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Slide2DENNNO.JPG/160px-Slide2DENNNO.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Slide2DENNNO.JPG/240px-Slide2DENNNO.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Slide2DENNNO.JPG/320px-Slide2DENNNO.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thorax. Anterior view.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_(Martin_Rulsch)_0831.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clearly visible thorax of an artistic gymnast."><img alt="Clearly visible thorax of an artistic gymnast." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg/58px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg" decoding="async" width="58" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg/88px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg/117px-Deutsche_Jugendmeisterschaften_Ger%C3%A4tturnen_m%C3%A4nnlich_Training_at_Internationales_Deutsches_Turnfest_Berlin_2017_%28Martin_Rulsch%29_0831.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2935" data-file-height="6016" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clearly visible thorax of an <a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">artistic gymnast</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tetrapods">Tetrapods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Tetrapods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the <a href="/wiki/Sternum" title="Sternum">sternum</a>, the thoracic <a href="/wiki/Vertebra" title="Vertebra">vertebrae</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Rib" title="Rib">ribs</a>. It extends from the neck to the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">diaphragm</a>, and does not include the <a href="/wiki/Upper_limb" title="Upper limb">upper limbs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> reside in the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">thoracic cavity</a>, as well as many <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>. The inner organs are protected by the <a href="/wiki/Rib_cage" title="Rib cage">rib cage</a> and the sternum. Thoracic vertebrae are also distinguished in <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>, but not in <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arthropods">Arthropods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Arthropods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Thorax_(insect_anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorax (insect anatomy)">Thorax (insect anatomy)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:528px;max-width:528px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trilobite_sections-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trilobite_sections-en.svg/220px-Trilobite_sections-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trilobite_sections-en.svg/330px-Trilobite_sections-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Trilobite_sections-en.svg/440px-Trilobite_sections-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The trilobite body is divided into three major sections, a cephalon with eyes, mouthparts and sensory organs such as antennae, a thorax of multiple similar segments (that in some species allowed them to roll up into a ball), and a pygidium, or tail section.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg/300px-Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg/450px-Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg/600px-Scheme_ant_worker_anatomy-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">In the worker ant, the abdomen consists of the <a href="/wiki/Propodeum" title="Propodeum">propodeum</a> fused to the thorax and the <a href="/wiki/Metasoma" title="Metasoma">metasoma</a>, itself divided into the narrow <a href="/wiki/Petiole_(insect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Petiole (insect)">petiole</a> and bulbous <a href="/wiki/Gaster_(insect_anatomy)" title="Gaster (insect anatomy)">gaster</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">insects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>, and the extinct <a href="/wiki/Trilobite" title="Trilobite">trilobites</a>, the thorax is one of the three main <a href="/wiki/Tagma_(biology)" title="Tagma (biology)">divisions</a> of the creature's body, each of which is in turn composed of multiple segments. It is the area where the <a href="/wiki/Insect_wing" title="Insect wing">wings</a> and legs attach in insects, or an area of multiple articulating plates in trilobites. In most insects, the thorax itself is composed of three segments; the <a href="/wiki/Prothorax" title="Prothorax">prothorax</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mesothorax" title="Mesothorax">mesothorax</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Metathorax" title="Metathorax">metathorax</a>. In extant insects, the prothorax never has wings, though legs are always present in adults; wings (when present) are restricted to at least the mesothorax, and typically also the metathorax, though the wings may be reduced or modified on either or both segments. In the <a href="/wiki/Apocrita" title="Apocrita">apocritan</a> <a href="/wiki/Hymenoptera" title="Hymenoptera">Hymenoptera</a>, the first abdominal segment is fused to the metathorax, where it forms a structure known as the <a href="/wiki/Propodeum" title="Propodeum">propodeum</a>. Accordingly, in these insects, the functional thorax is composed of four segments, and is therefore typically called the <a href="/wiki/Mesosoma" title="Mesosoma">mesosoma</a> to distinguish it from the "thorax" of other insects. </p><p>Each thoracic segment in an insect is further subdivided into various parts, the most significant of which are the dorsal portion (the <a href="/wiki/Notum" title="Notum">notum</a>), the lateral portion (the <a href="/wiki/Pleuron_(insect)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleuron (insect)">pleuron</a>; one on each side), and the ventral portion (the <a href="/wiki/Sternum_(arthropod)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sternum (arthropod)">sternum</a>). In some insects, each of these parts is composed of one to several independent exoskeletal plates with membrane between them (called <a href="/wiki/Sclerite" title="Sclerite">sclerites</a>), though in many cases the sclerites are fused to various degrees. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectus_carinatum" title="Pectus carinatum">Pectus carinatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectus_excavatum" title="Pectus excavatum">Pectus excavatum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">Thoracic cavity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/thorax">"Definition: Thorax"</a>. <i>Oxford Learner's Dictionaries</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=Definition%3A+Thorax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fenglish%2Fthorax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628224336/http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/nine/000957692.htm">"thorax"</a> at <i><a href="/wiki/Dorland%27s_medical_reference_works" title="Dorland's medical reference works">Dorland's Medical Dictionary</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Thorax">Thorax</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dqw%2Frac">θώραξ</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"thorax, n.". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/200980?redirectedFrom=thorax+"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></a>. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=thorax%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F200980%3FredirectedFrom%3Dthorax%2B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSafariniBordoni2024" class="citation cs2">Safarini, Omar A.; Bordoni, Bruno (2024), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538328/">"Anatomy, Thorax, Ribs"</a>, <i>StatPearls</i>, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30855912">30855912</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=StatPearls&rft.atitle=Anatomy%2C+Thorax%2C+Ribs&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30855912&rft.aulast=Safarini&rft.aufirst=Omar+A.&rft.au=Bordoni%2C+Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538328%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shahani, Rohit, MD. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2916.htm">Penetrating Chest Trauma</a>. <i>eMedicine</i>. Retrieved 2005-02-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chestdiseases.net/">Chest Diseases</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216225857/http://chestdiseases.net/">Archived</a> 2014-12-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved on 2010-1-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch048/ch048a.html">Atelectasis</a> Lung and Airway Disorders. Retrieved on 2010-1-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pleurisy/pleurisy_whatare.html">Pleurisy</a> Lung Diseases. Retrieved on 2010-1-26</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thorax&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/thorax" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/thorax">thorax</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Human_thorax" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Human thorax">Human thorax</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSam_Gon_III" class="citation web cs1">Sam Gon III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trilobites.info/index.htm">"A guide to the Orders of Trilobites"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+guide+to+the+Orders+of+Trilobites&rft.au=Sam+Gon+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trilobites.info%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThorax" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output 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title="Forehead">Forehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheek" title="Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin" title="Chin">Chin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyebrow" title="Eyebrow">Eyebrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_eye" title="Human eye">Eye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyelid" title="Eyelid">Eyelid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_nose" title="Human nose">Nose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_mouth" title="Human mouth">Mouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip" title="Lip">Lip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">Tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_tooth" title="Human tooth">Tooth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear" title="Ear">Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaw" title="Jaw">Jaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandible" title="Mandible">Mandible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">Occiput</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalp" title="Scalp">Scalp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_(anatomy)" title="Temple (anatomy)">Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neck" title="Neck">Neck</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_apple" title="Adam's apple">Adam's apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throat" title="Throat">Throat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nape" title="Nape">Nape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">Torso</a> (Trunk)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdomen" title="Abdomen">Abdomen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waist" title="Waist">Waist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midriff" title="Midriff">Midriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navel" title="Navel">Navel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorax</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breast" title="Breast">Breast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple" title="Nipple">Nipple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelvis" title="Pelvis">Pelvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_organ" title="Sex organ">Genitalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_penis" title="Human penis">Penis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrotum" title="Scrotum">Scrotum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulva" title="Vulva">Vulva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_anus" title="Human anus">Anus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limb_(anatomy)" title="Limb (anatomy)">Limbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axilla" title="Axilla">Axilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">Elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">Wrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finger" title="Finger">Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Fingernail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">Middle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">Little</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_leg" title="Human leg">Leg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buttocks" title="Buttocks">Buttocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip" title="Hip">Hip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thigh" title="Thigh">Thigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knee" title="Knee">Knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calf_(leg)" title="Calf (leg)">Calf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot" title="Foot">Foot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ankle" title="Ankle">Ankle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heel" title="Heel">Heel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toe" title="Toe">Toe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">Toenail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole_(foot)" title="Sole (foot)">Sole</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back82" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Template:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Template talk:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">thorax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">back</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Splenius_muscles" title="Splenius muscles">splenius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle" title="Splenius capitis muscle">capitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle" title="Splenius cervicis muscle">cervicis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles" title="Erector spinae muscles">erector spinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliocostalis" title="Iliocostalis">iliocostalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longissimus" title="Longissimus">longissimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinalis" title="Spinalis">spinalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transversospinales" title="Transversospinales">Transversospinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semispinalis_muscles" title="Semispinalis muscles">semispinalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifidus_muscle" title="Multifidus muscle">multifidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotatores_muscles" title="Rotatores muscles">rotatores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interspinales_muscles" title="Interspinales muscles">interspinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertransversarii" title="Intertransversarii">intertransversarii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapezius" title="Trapezius">trapezius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi_muscle" title="Latissimus dorsi muscle">latissimus dorsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_muscles" title="Rhomboid muscles">rhomboid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_major_muscle" title="Rhomboid major muscle">major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_minor_muscle" title="Rhomboid minor muscle">minor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle" title="Levator scapulae muscle">levator scapulae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracolumbar_fascia" title="Thoracolumbar fascia">thoracolumbar fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscles" title="Intercostal muscles">Intercostal muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_intercostal_muscles" title="External intercostal muscles">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_intercostal_muscles" title="Internal intercostal muscles">internal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innermost_intercostal_muscle" title="Innermost intercostal muscle">innermost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostalis_muscle" title="Subcostalis muscle">subcostalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transversus_thoracis_muscle" title="Transversus thoracis muscle">transversus thoracis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levatores_costarum_muscles" title="Levatores costarum muscles">levatores costarum</a></li> <li>serratus posterior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_posterior_inferior_muscle" title="Serratus posterior inferior muscle">inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_posterior_superior_muscle" title="Serratus posterior superior muscle">superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">thoracic diaphragm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">Thoracic cavity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major" title="Pectoralis major">pectoralis major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_minor" title="Pectoralis minor">pectoralis minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subclavius_muscle" title="Subclavius muscle">subclavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_anterior_muscle" title="Serratus anterior muscle">serratus anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternalis_muscle" title="Sternalis muscle">sternalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_fascia" title="Pectoral fascia">pectoral fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavipectoral_fascia" title="Clavipectoral fascia">clavipectoral fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arteries_of_the_torso_and_chest76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Template:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Template talk:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arteries_of_thorax" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arteries of thorax"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arteries_of_the_torso_and_chest76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Arteries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Torso" title="Torso">torso</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">chest</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lungs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_artery" title="Pulmonary artery">Pulmonary artery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Right_pulmonary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Right pulmonary artery">Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_pulmonary_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Left pulmonary artery">Left</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ligamentum_arteriosum" title="Ligamentum arteriosum">Ligamentum arteriosum</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heart</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_circulation" title="Coronary circulation">Coronary circulation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Right_coronary_artery" title="Right coronary artery">Right coronary</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinoatrial_nodal_artery" title="Sinoatrial nodal artery">SA nodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrioventricular_nodal_branch" title="Atrioventricular nodal branch">AV nodal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atrial_branches_of_coronary_arteries" title="Atrial branches of coronary arteries">Atrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_marginal_branch_of_right_coronary_artery" title="Right marginal branch of right coronary artery">Right marginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_descending_artery" title="Posterior descending artery">Posterior descending</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Left_coronary_artery" title="Left coronary artery">Left coronary</a>:</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Left_anterior_descending_artery" title="Left anterior descending artery">Left anterior descending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex_branch_of_left_coronary_artery" title="Circumflex branch of left coronary artery">Left circumflex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Left_marginal_artery" title="Left marginal artery">Left marginal</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aorta" title="Aorta">Aorta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sections64" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_aorta" title="Ascending aorta">Ascending aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">Aortic arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">Descending aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_aorta" title="Thoracic aorta">Thoracic aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdominal_aorta" title="Abdominal aorta">Abdominal aorta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aortic_body" title="Aortic body">Aortic body</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aortic_arch" title="Aortic arch">Aortic arch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brachiocephalic_artery" title="Brachiocephalic artery">Brachiocephalic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_ima_artery" title="Thyroid ima artery">Thyreoidea ima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">Right subclavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Right common carotid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Left<br />common carotid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_carotid_artery" title="External carotid artery">External carotid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_carotid_artery" title="Internal carotid artery">Internal carotid</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_body" title="Carotid body">Carotid body</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carotid_sinus" title="Carotid sinus">Carotid sinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_carotid_artery" title="Common carotid artery">Carotid bifurcation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_artery" title="Subclavian artery">Left<br />subclavian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Internal_thoracic_artery" title="Internal thoracic artery">Internal thoracic</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anterior_intercostal_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior intercostal branches of internal thoracic artery">Anterior intercostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymic_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" title="Thymic branches of internal thoracic artery">Thymic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericardiacophrenic_artery" title="Pericardiacophrenic artery">Pericardiacophrenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perforating_branches_of_internal_thoracic_artery" title="Perforating branches of internal thoracic artery">Perforating branches</a></li> <li><i>terminal</i> (<a href="/wiki/Musculophrenic_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculophrenic artery">Musculophrenic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Superior_epigastric_artery" title="Superior epigastric artery">superior epigastric</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Costocervical_trunk" title="Costocervical trunk">Costocervical trunk</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Highest_intercostal_artery" class="mw-redirect" title="Highest intercostal artery">Highest intercostal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Posterior_intercostal_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior intercostal arteries">Posterior intercostal 1–2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_cervical_artery" title="Deep cervical artery">Deep cervical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Descending_aorta" title="Descending aorta">Descending<br />aorta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>visceral:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bronchial_artery" title="Bronchial artery">Bronchial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_branches_of_thoracic_part_of_aorta" title="Esophageal branches of thoracic part of aorta">Esophageal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediastinal_branches_of_thoracic_part_of_aorta" title="Mediastinal branches of thoracic part of aorta">Mediastinal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>parietal:</i> <a href="/wiki/Posterior_intercostal_arteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior intercostal arteries">Posterior intercostal 3–11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostal_arteries" title="Subcostal arteries">Subcostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_phrenic_arteries" title="Superior phrenic arteries">Superior phrenic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back82" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Template:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Template talk:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of the thorax and back"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_thorax_and_back82" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">thorax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">back</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_back" title="Human back">Back</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Splenius_muscles" title="Splenius muscles">splenius</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Splenius_capitis_muscle" title="Splenius capitis muscle">capitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenius_cervicis_muscle" title="Splenius cervicis muscle">cervicis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Erector_spinae_muscles" title="Erector spinae muscles">erector spinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iliocostalis" title="Iliocostalis">iliocostalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longissimus" title="Longissimus">longissimus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinalis" title="Spinalis">spinalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transversospinales" title="Transversospinales">Transversospinales</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semispinalis_muscles" title="Semispinalis muscles">semispinalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multifidus_muscle" title="Multifidus muscle">multifidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotatores_muscles" title="Rotatores muscles">rotatores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interspinales_muscles" title="Interspinales muscles">interspinales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertransversarii" title="Intertransversarii">intertransversarii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">Vertebral column</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trapezius" title="Trapezius">trapezius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latissimus_dorsi_muscle" title="Latissimus dorsi muscle">latissimus dorsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_muscles" title="Rhomboid muscles">rhomboid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_major_muscle" title="Rhomboid major muscle">major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomboid_minor_muscle" title="Rhomboid minor muscle">minor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levator_scapulae_muscle" title="Levator scapulae muscle">levator scapulae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracolumbar_fascia" title="Thoracolumbar fascia">thoracolumbar fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Thorax</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscles" title="Intercostal muscles">Intercostal muscles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/External_intercostal_muscles" title="External intercostal muscles">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_intercostal_muscles" title="Internal intercostal muscles">internal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innermost_intercostal_muscle" title="Innermost intercostal muscle">innermost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcostalis_muscle" title="Subcostalis muscle">subcostalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transversus_thoracis_muscle" title="Transversus thoracis muscle">transversus thoracis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levatores_costarum_muscles" title="Levatores costarum muscles">levatores costarum</a></li> <li>serratus posterior <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_posterior_inferior_muscle" title="Serratus posterior inferior muscle">inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_posterior_superior_muscle" title="Serratus posterior superior muscle">superior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragm" title="Thoracic diaphragm">thoracic diaphragm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">Thoracic cavity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_major" title="Pectoralis major">pectoralis major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoralis_minor" title="Pectoralis minor">pectoralis minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subclavius_muscle" title="Subclavius muscle">subclavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serratus_anterior_muscle" title="Serratus anterior muscle">serratus anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sternalis_muscle" title="Sternalis muscle">sternalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">Fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_fascia" title="Pectoral fascia">pectoral fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavipectoral_fascia" title="Clavipectoral fascia">clavipectoral fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anatomy_of_the_lymphatic_system77" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lymphatic_system_anatomy" title="Template:Lymphatic system anatomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lymphatic_system_anatomy" title="Template talk:Lymphatic system anatomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lymphatic_system_anatomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lymphatic system anatomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anatomy_of_the_lymphatic_system77" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Anatomy of the <a href="/wiki/Lymphatic_system" title="Lymphatic system">lymphatic system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head and neck</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Head</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Back</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_lymph_nodes" title="Occipital lymph nodes">Occipital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastoid_lymph_nodes" title="Mastoid lymph nodes">Mastoid/retroauricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Parotid lymph nodes">Parotid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Superficial parotid lymph nodes">Superficial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Deep parotid lymph nodes">Deep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Preauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Preauricular deep parotid lymph nodes">preauricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraauricular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Infraauricular deep parotid lymph nodes">infra-auricular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intraglandular_deep_parotid_lymph_nodes" title="Intraglandular deep parotid lymph nodes">intraglandular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Front</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_lymph_nodes" title="Facial lymph nodes">Facial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buccinator_lymph_node" title="Buccinator lymph node">buccinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasolabial_lymph_node" title="Nasolabial lymph node">nasolabial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandibular_lymph_node" title="Mandibular lymph node">Mandibular</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submandibular_lymph_nodes" title="Submandibular lymph nodes">Submandibular</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submental_lymph_nodes" title="Submental lymph nodes">Submental</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Cervical lymph nodes">Cervical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Superficial_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Superficial cervical lymph nodes">Superficial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Superficial anterior cervical lymph nodes">anterior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Superficial lateral cervical lymph nodes">lateral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deep_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Deep cervical lymph nodes">Deep</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Deep anterior cervical lymph nodes">Deep anterior cervical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretracheal_lymph_nodes" title="Pretracheal lymph nodes">pretracheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratracheal_lymph_nodes" title="Paratracheal lymph nodes">paratracheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelaryngeal_lymph_nodes" title="Prelaryngeal lymph nodes">prelaryngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyroid_lymph_nodes" title="Thyroid lymph nodes">thyroid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Deep lateral cervical lymph nodes">Deep lateral cervical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_deep_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Superior deep cervical lymph nodes">superior deep cervical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_deep_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes">inferior deep cervical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retropharyngeal_lymph_nodes" title="Retropharyngeal lymph nodes">retropharyngeal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugulodigastric_lymph_node" title="Jugulodigastric lymph node">jugulodigastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugulo-omohyoid_lymph_node" title="Jugulo-omohyoid lymph node">jugulo-omohyoid</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Anterior cervical lymph nodes">Anterior cervical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_cervical_lymph_nodes" title="Lateral cervical lymph nodes">Lateral cervical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraclavicular_lymph_nodes" title="Supraclavicular lymph nodes">Supraclavicular</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jugular_lymph_trunk" title="Jugular lymph trunk">Jugular trunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arm and axilla</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axillary_lymph_nodes" title="Axillary lymph nodes">Axillary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_lymph_nodes" title="Brachial lymph nodes">Brachial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoral_axillary_lymph_nodes" title="Pectoral axillary lymph nodes">Pectoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscapular_axillary_lymph_nodes" title="Subscapular axillary lymph nodes">Subscapular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_lymph_nodes" title="Central lymph nodes">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_lymph_nodes" title="Apical lymph nodes">Apical</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arm <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supratrochlear_lymph_nodes" title="Supratrochlear lymph nodes">Supratrochlear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltopectoral_lymph_nodes" title="Deltopectoral lymph nodes">Deltopectoral</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subclavian_lymph_trunk" title="Subclavian lymph trunk">Subclavian lymph trunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parasternal_lymph_nodes" title="Parasternal lymph nodes">Parasternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercostal_lymph_nodes" title="Intercostal lymph nodes">Intercostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_diaphragmatic_lymph_nodes" title="Superior diaphragmatic lymph nodes">Superior diaphragmatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheobronchial_lymph_nodes" title="Tracheobronchial lymph nodes">Trachea and bronchi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tracheobronchial_lymph_nodes" title="Tracheobronchial lymph nodes">superior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheobronchial_lymph_nodes" title="Tracheobronchial lymph nodes">inferior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracheobronchial_lymph_nodes" title="Tracheobronchial lymph nodes">bronchopulmonary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratracheal_lymph_nodes" title="Paratracheal lymph nodes">paratracheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intrapulmonary_nodes" title="Intrapulmonary nodes">intrapulmonary</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_duct" title="Thoracic duct">Thoracic duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_lymphatic_duct" title="Right lymphatic duct">Right lymphatic duct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchomediastinal_lymph_trunk" title="Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk">Bronchomediastinal lymph trunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abdomen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nodes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retroaortic_lymph_nodes" title="Retroaortic lymph nodes">Retroaortic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraaortic_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraaortic lymph nodes">Paraaortic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preaortic_lymph_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Preaortic lymph node">Preaortic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celiac_lymph_nodes" title="Celiac lymph nodes">Celiac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_lymph_nodes" title="Gastric lymph nodes">gastric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_lymph_nodes" title="Hepatic lymph nodes">hepatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splenic_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Splenic lymph nodes">splenic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_lymph_nodes" title="Superior mesenteric lymph nodes">Superior mesenteric</a> <ul><li>mesenteric</li> <li>ileocolic</li> <li>mesocolic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_lymph_nodes" title="Inferior mesenteric lymph nodes">Inferior mesenteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pararectal_lymph_nodes" title="Pararectal lymph nodes">pararectal</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iliac <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_iliac_lymph_nodes" title="Common iliac lymph nodes">Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_iliac_lymph_nodes" title="External iliac lymph nodes">external</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_iliac_lymph_nodes" title="Internal iliac lymph nodes">internal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacral_lymph_nodes" title="Sacral lymph nodes">Sacral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retroperitoneal_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroperitoneal lymph nodes">Retroperitoneal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vessels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_lymph_trunk" title="Lumbar lymph trunk">Lumbar lymph trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_lymph_trunk" title="Intestinal lymph trunk">Intestinal trunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisterna_chyli" title="Cisterna chyli">Cisterna chyli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leg</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_lymph_nodes" title="Inguinal lymph nodes">Inguinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_inguinal_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep inguinal lymph nodes">deep</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloquet%27s_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloquet's node">Cloquet's node</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superficial_inguinal_lymph_nodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Superficial inguinal lymph nodes">superficial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popliteal_lymph_nodes" title="Popliteal lymph nodes">Popliteal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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